CN116677386A - Shaft heading machine and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a shaft heading machine and a construction method thereof, the shaft heading machine comprises a heading host connected with an annular support shoe device through a stepping device, the annular support shoe device is connected with the heading host through a support shield body, the support shield body is connected with an annular rotation driving fixed part of the heading host through a telescopic device, the annular rotation driving rotary part is connected with a swinging cutting device, the cutting device is used for excavation, different diameters of excavation can be realized by controlling the swinging of the cutting device and the telescopic travel of the annular support shoe device, and the improvement of the heading host can be completed by changing the support shield body during diameter changing. According to the application, the stepping device is arranged between the annular supporting shoe device and the supporting shield body, and the telescopic device is arranged between the supporting shield body and the tunneling host, so that the stepping stroke of the cutting device can be effectively enlarged, the whole vertical shaft tunneling machine is prevented from being frequently moved down, and the disturbance of frequent stepping on a soil body of a tunnel wall is effectively reduced while the tunneling efficiency is improved.

Description

Shaft heading machine and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of underground space excavation equipment, in particular to a vertical shaft heading machine and a construction method thereof.

Background

Along with popularization and development of mechanical construction of the vertical shaft, the vertical shaft heading machine is gradually developed and applied. The deeper the shaft depth, the more obvious the advantage of shaft heading machine in progress and safety aspect than traditional drilling and blasting method. However, the existing shaft heading machine basically adopts the design concept of a tunnel heading machine, namely, a full-face cutterhead is adopted for excavation, the excavation diameter cannot be adjusted after being determined, the whole equipment configuration is complex, and the improvement is difficult and the cost is high when the equipment is used for the construction of shafts with different diameters in the later period. In actual shaft engineering, the shaft stratum hardness of part of the shaft is overall lower, generally below 80MPa, the shaft diameters are not uniform, a full-face shaft heading machine is adopted, the shaft construction cost is high, and therefore the shaft heading equipment which is economical, efficient and convenient to adjust the excavation diameters is the first choice of a constructor.

The existing shaft construction equipment is as follows: the application publication date is 2020.10.30 and the application publication number is CN 111852481A, and discloses a shaft construction method and a heading machine; the application patent application publication No. 2019.10.11 and CN 209483346U discloses a shaft heading machine adopting a sunk well method. Such devices suffer from the following disadvantages: firstly, tunneling construction efficiency is low, energy efficiency is low, the revolving platform directly steps downwards through the propulsion unit, tunneling construction efficiency is low due to the fact that stepping is frequent, the whole revolving platform and the excavating device are required to be driven to move up and down through the propulsion unit during tunneling and slag discharging, therefore efficiency is low, secondly, slag discharging efficiency is low, if slag discharging is carried out in a slag sliding mode of a pilot tunnel, the pilot tunnel is required to be excavated, and slag discharging in a horizontal tunnel is required through the slag discharging device. If the grab bucket slag discharging system is adopted, the up-down travel of the grab bucket is increased along with the increase of the vertical shaft depth, the running time of the grab bucket slag discharging is prolonged, and meanwhile, the expansion of the pushing oil cylinder is required to enable the excavating device to be abducted, so that the slag discharging efficiency is low, the downtime of the excavating device is increased, and the whole construction progress is prolonged.

Therefore, it is necessary to design a heading machine and a heading method which are high in construction efficiency, high in energy efficiency and wide in application range.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the application provides a vertical shaft heading machine and a construction method thereof, and solves the technical problem of low construction efficiency of the existing heading machine; .

The technical scheme of the application is as follows:

the utility model provides a shaft development machine, includes the development host computer that links to each other through step device and annular support boots device, annular support boots device links to each other with the development host computer through supporting the shield body, links to each other through telescoping device between the annular gyration driven fixed part of support shield body and development host computer, but the wobbling cutting device is connected to annular gyration driven gyration, adopts cutting device excavation, can realize the excavation of different diameters through the flexible stroke of control cutting device swing, annular support boots device, changes the support shield body and can accomplish the transformation of development host computer during the reducing. According to the technical scheme, the stepping device is arranged between the annular supporting shoe device and the supporting shield body, and the telescopic device is arranged between the supporting shield body and the tunneling host, so that the stepping stroke of the cutting device can be effectively enlarged, the whole tunneling machine is prevented from being frequently moved downwards, and disturbance of frequent stepping to a soil body of a tunnel wall is effectively reduced while the tunneling efficiency is improved.

Further, the support shield body is provided with a radial telescopic support shoe and an axially extending sliding limit rail, and the fixing part of the annular slewing drive is in sliding fit with the sliding limit rail. On the basis of the technical scheme, the guiding mechanism is additionally arranged in the technical scheme, namely, the fixing part driven by the sliding limiting rail and the annular rotation is circumferentially limited and axially guided, so that the tunneling host machine is axially stretched and contracted smoothly and circumferentially positioned stably. The sliding limit rail can be reasonably arranged in various shapes, for example, the sliding limit rail is of a chute structure, the fixing part of the annular rotary drive is of a bump structure, or the sliding limit rail is of a convex strip structure, and the fixing part of the annular rotary drive is of a groove structure. The chute structure can be a rectangular groove, the lug structure is a rectangular block, or the chute structure is a dovetail groove, and the lug structure is a dovetail sliding block.

Further, the sliding limit rails are arranged in a plurality, and all the sliding limit rails are distributed at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the support shield body. On the basis of the technical scheme, the technical scheme provides the optimized quantity and arrangement modes of the guide mechanisms, and the reliability of axial movement and circumferential positioning of the tunneling host relative to the supporting shield body is fully ensured.

Further, a plurality of radially telescopic supporting shoes are arranged on the supporting shield body, a plurality of groups of supporting shoes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the supporting shield body, and each group of supporting shoes comprises a plurality of supporting shoes which are distributed at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield body. On the basis of the technical scheme, the technical scheme provides a preferable structural form of the supporting shield body, and the stability of the supporting shield relative to the hole wall and the reliability of supporting the hole wall are fully ensured through the supporting shoes which are axially and circumferentially arranged.

Further, the stepping device comprises a plurality of stepping oil cylinders hinged between the annular shoe supporting device and the supporting shield body, and a plurality of groups of stepping oil cylinders are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield body. On the basis of the technical scheme, the technical scheme provides a preferable structural form of the stepping device, namely, the annular shoe supporting device and the supporting shield body are more reliable and accurate in relative displacement through the stepping oil cylinder and the circumferential arrangement of the stepping oil cylinder.

Further, each group of stepping oil cylinders are distributed at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the support shield body, and each stepping oil cylinder is obliquely arranged relative to the axis of the support shield body, so that axial force transmission between the annular shoe supporting device and the support shield body is more reliable, and the support shield body has a movement trend of tightening towards the periphery in the descending process.

Further, the annular shoe supporting device is connected with the rear of the hanging scaffold through a first linear expansion device in a matched mode, or the annular shoe supporting device is connected with the rear of the hanging scaffold in a matched mode in an unstructured mode, and the rear of the hanging scaffold is connected with the ground device through a second linear expansion device in a matched mode. The tunneling host machine and the hanging scaffold can be separated from each other, and the tunneling host machine and the hanging scaffold are not connected structurally, but the whole tunneling and the step changing are at risk of sliding down.

Further, the first linear expansion device and the second linear expansion device are rigid expansion devices or steel wire suspension devices. The tunneling host and the back support of the hanging scaffold can also be connected by adopting a rigid structure; but flexible connection in the form of a steel wire rope and the like is preferable, so that the influence of the annular supporting shoe device on the whole equipment when the well wall is tightly supported or the posture of a tunneling host is adjusted is reduced, and the steel wire rope can play a role in buffering and releasing.

Further, the supporting limit piece in platform sling back is connected with the main part can be dismantled, is provided with auxiliary facilities such as supporting used electric installation of development host computer, hydraulic means, fluid device behind the platform sling, can adapt to the shaft engineering of different diameters through the replacement limit piece.

Further, a grab bucket which corresponds to the inner hole of the annular rotary drive up and down is connected to the back of the hanging scaffold in a matched mode, a movable distributing device is arranged on the annular supporting shoe device, a slag chute is arranged on the distributing device, and a hanging scaffold is arranged in a matched mode with the slag chute. On the basis of the technical scheme, the technical scheme provides a preferable slag discharging structure of the heading machine, namely, the grab bucket is arranged on the back of the hanging scaffold and moves back and forth only between the annular supporting shoe device and the bottom of the well, so that the waiting time of a heading host is greatly shortened, slag grabbed by the grab bucket can directly flow into the hanging scaffold through the slag chute of the separating device, and the hanging scaffold and the grab bucket synchronously act, so that the slag discharging efficiency and the tunneling efficiency can be effectively improved.

Further, the distributing device comprises a support connected with the third linear expansion device, the top of the support is hinged with the slag chute, a fourth linear expansion device is hinged between the slag chute and the support, and the two sides of the translating direction of the distributing device are respectively provided with the bucket. The grab bucket is arranged on the lowest layer platform matched with the hanging scaffold, the grab bucket drives the middle cavity to enter the excavation surface along the annular rotation to carry out slag grabbing operation, then rock slag is filled into a slag chute on the distributing device, the rock slag flows into the hanging scaffold along the slag chute, and then the rock slag is conveyed out of the well through the hanging scaffold. During the up-down operation of the grab bucket, the material distributing device can drive the bracket through the third linear expansion device, and the roller wheels are arranged at the bottom of the bracket, so that the moving convenience can be improved, and the operation space of the grab bucket can be further reserved. When the grab bucket is ready for discharging slag, the material distributing device moves to the lower part of the grab bucket, and the fourth linear expansion device is adjusted to change the angle of the slag chute, so that the rock slag discharged by the grab bucket is contained in the bucket along the slag chute, and the bucket on the two sides of the slag chute are alternately used, so that the slag discharging efficiency can be further improved.

Further, the cutting device comprises a cutting arm connected with the rotary part of the annular rotary drive, the cutting drive is arranged in the cutting arm and connected with a cutting head, and a fifth linear expansion device is hinged between the cutting arm and the rotary part of the annular rotary drive.

The construction method of the shaft heading machine adopts the heading machine and comprises the following steps:

s1: the tunneling host 1 and the hanging scaffold rear support 2 are installed, a first linear expansion device 3 is connected between the tunneling host 1 and the hanging scaffold rear support 2, and a second linear expansion device 5 is connected between the hanging scaffold rear support 2 and the ground device 4.

S2: the stepping device 107 is fully retracted, the telescopic device 105 acts to enable the annular slewing drive 103 to be positioned at the top of the supporting shield body 102, and the annular supporting shoe device 104 stretches out to support the well wall.

S3: the supporting shoes 102-1 on the circumference of the supporting shield body 102 extend out to tightly support the well wall.

S4: the rotation speed of the cutting drive 101-1 is controlled, the telescopic device 105 is controlled to act so that the cutting head 101-2 is buried into the well bottom to a certain depth, the extension amount of the fifth linear telescopic device 109 and the circumferential rotation speed of the annular rotary drive 103 are controlled, the cutting head 101-2 is enabled to operate to cover the whole tunneling section, interlayer excavation is completed, and the grab bucket 201 performs slag grabbing operation during the period.

S5: step S4 is repeated until the stroke of the telescopic device 105 is completely exhausted, and then the telescopic device 105 is reset.

S6: the support shoes 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 are retracted away from the borehole wall.

S7: the annular supporting shoe device 104 continues to support the well wall, and the stepping device 107 stretches out, so that the cutting arm 101, the supporting shield body 102 and the annular rotary drive 103 are integrally lowered, and the lowering distance is equal to the stroke of the telescopic device 105.

S8: repeating steps S3-S7.

S9: the annular supporting shoe device 104 is retracted away from the well wall, after the ground surface suspending device 4 enables the underground equipment to integrally move downwards by the stroke distance of the telescopic device 105 through the second linear telescopic device 5, the supporting shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the supporting shield body 102 supports the well wall tightly, then the stepping device 107 is retracted, and the second linear telescopic device 5 continues to descend by the stroke distance of the stepping device 107.

S10: after the stepping device 107 is retracted, the annular supporting shoe device 104 stretches out to support the well wall tightly.

S11: and (5) repeating the steps S2-S10 to finish the excavation slag discharging operation of the vertical shaft. The development machine provided by the technical scheme.

Compared with the prior art, the application not only arranges the stepping device between the annular supporting shoe device 104 and the supporting shield body 102, but also arranges the telescopic device 105 between the supporting shield body 102 and the tunneling host 1, thereby effectively expanding the stepping stroke of the cutting device 101, avoiding frequently moving down the whole tunneling machine, improving the tunneling efficiency and simultaneously effectively reducing the disturbance of frequent stepping to the soil body of the tunnel wall. The application also has the following technical effects:

(1) The cutting head is adopted for excavation, so that a heavy full-section cutterhead is replaced, the rock breaking function is met, and meanwhile, the overall structure is simpler;

(2) The equipment construction is flexible, and when later-stage equipment is used for the construction of shafts with different diameters, the whole machine is convenient to reform and adjust;

(3) The tunneling host machine is connected with the two parts matched with the back of the hanging scaffold by adopting a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope is used as a hanging rope and also is used as a safety rope for the operation of the tunneling host machine, so that the steel wire rope can counteract the influence of the tunneling host machine on the matched back of the hanging scaffold, and the posture of the equipment is flexibly adjusted;

(4) The whole weight is light, the slag tapping is flexible and efficient;

(5) The number of times of the ground suspension device for lowering the steel wire rope can be reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the overall arrangement of the present application;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the annular swing drive and support shield of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the dispensing device of fig. 1.

Reference numerals illustrate:

a tunneling host 1;

a cutting device 101, a cutting drive 101-1, and a cutting head 101-2;

the device comprises a supporting shield body 102, supporting shoes 102-1, an annular rotary drive 103, an annular shoe supporting device 104, a telescopic device 105, a sliding limit rail 106 and a stepping device 107;

a material distributing device 108, a slag chute 108-1, a fourth linear expansion device 108-2 and a roller 108-3;

a fifth linear expansion device 109;

a first linear expansion device 3, a ground device 4, a second linear expansion device 5 and a bucket 6.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shaft heading machine comprises a heading machine 1 connected with an annular supporting shoe device 104 through a stepping device 107, wherein the annular supporting shoe device 104 is connected with the heading machine 1 through a supporting shield body 102, and the supporting shield body 102 is connected with a fixed part of an annular rotary drive 103 of the heading machine 1 through a telescopic device 105. The telescoping device 105 is preferably a hydraulic ram, although other telescoping devices may be used instead, such as an electric telescoping cylinder to accommodate the load, a rack and pinion telescoping device, and the like.

The rotary part of the annular rotary drive 103 is connected with the swingable cutting device 101, the cutting device 101 is used for excavation, excavation of different diameters can be achieved by controlling the swing of the cutting device 101 and the telescopic travel of the annular supporting shoe device 104, and the reconstruction of the tunneling host 1 can be completed by replacing the supporting shield body 102 during diameter changing.

According to the technical scheme, the stepping device is arranged between the annular supporting shoe device 104 and the supporting shield body 102, and the telescopic device 105 is arranged between the supporting shield body 102 and the tunneling host 1, so that the stepping stroke of the cutting device 101 can be effectively enlarged, the whole tunneling machine is prevented from being frequently moved downwards, and the disturbance of frequent stepping to a soil body of a hole wall is effectively reduced while the tunneling efficiency is improved.

In addition to the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the support shield body 102 is provided with a radially telescopic support shoe 102-1 and an axially extending sliding limit rail 106, and the fixing portion of the annular slewing drive 103 is slidably engaged with the sliding limit rail 106.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the guiding mechanism is additionally arranged in the technical scheme, namely, the fixed part of the sliding limiting rail 106 and the annular rotary drive 103 is circumferentially limited and axially guided, so that the tunneling host 1 is smoother in axial expansion and more stable in circumferential positioning.

As for the structural form of the sliding limit rail 106, various shapes can be reasonably set, for example, the sliding limit rail 106 is a chute structure, the fixing portion of the annular rotary drive 103 is a bump structure, or the sliding limit rail 106 is a convex strip structure, and the fixing portion of the annular rotary drive 103 is a groove structure. The chute structure can be a rectangular groove, the lug structure is a rectangular block, or the chute structure is a dovetail groove, and the lug structure is a dovetail sliding block.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of the sliding limit rails 106 are provided, and each sliding limit rail 106 is equiangularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the support shield body 102. On the basis of the technical scheme, the technical scheme provides the optimized quantity and arrangement modes of the guide mechanisms, and the reliability of axial movement and circumferential positioning of the tunneling host 1 relative to the supporting shield body 102 is fully ensured.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the support shield body 102 is provided with a plurality of radially telescopic support shoes 102-1, and a plurality of groups of support shoes 102-1 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the support shield body 102, and each group of support shoes 102-1 includes a plurality of support shoes 102-1 distributed at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the support shield body 102. On the basis of the technical scheme, the technical scheme provides a preferable structural form of the supporting shield body 102, and the stability of the supporting shield body 102 relative to the hole wall and the reliability of supporting the hole wall are fully ensured through the supporting shoes 102-1 which are axially and circumferentially arranged.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the stepping device 107 includes a plurality of stepping cylinders hinged between the annular supporting shoe device 104 and the supporting shield body 102, and a plurality of groups of stepping cylinders are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield body 102. On the basis of the above technical solution, the present technical solution provides a preferable structural form of the stepping device 107, that is, the relative displacement between the annular supporting shoe device 104 and the supporting shield body 102 is more reliable and accurate through the circumferential arrangement of the stepping cylinder and the stepping cylinder.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, each group of stepping cylinders are equiangularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the support shield body 102, and each stepping cylinder is obliquely arranged relative to the axis of the support shield body 102, so that the axial force transmission between the annular shoe supporting device 104 and the support shield body 102 is more reliable, and the support shield body 102 has a movement tendency of being tightly supported towards the outer periphery in the descending process.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the annular shoe supporting device 104 is connected with the rear hanging scaffold support 2 through a first linear telescopic device 3, or the annular shoe supporting device 104 is connected with the rear hanging scaffold support 2 in an unstructured manner, and the rear hanging scaffold support 2 is connected with the ground device 4 through a second linear telescopic device 5. The tunneling host 1 and the hanging scaffold rear matching 2 can be separated, and the tunneling host 1 and the hanging scaffold rear matching 2 are not connected by a structure, but have the integral sliding risk during tunneling and step changing.

In addition to the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the first linear expansion device 3 and the second linear expansion device 5 are rigid expansion devices or wire suspension devices. The tunneling host 1 and the hanging scaffold rear support 2 can also be connected by adopting a rigid structure; however, flexible connection in the form of a wire rope is preferable, so that the influence of the annular shoe supporting device 104 on the whole equipment when the well wall is tightly supported or the posture of the tunneling host 1 is adjusted is reduced, and the effect of buffer release can be achieved by adopting the wire rope.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the side blocks of the rear hanging scaffold 2 are detachably connected with the main blocks, and auxiliary facilities such as an electric device, a hydraulic device, a fluid device and the like which are used by the tunneling host 1 in a matched manner are arranged on the rear hanging scaffold 2, so that the rear hanging scaffold can adapt to shaft projects with different diameters by replacing the side blocks.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the rear support 2 of the hanging scaffold is connected with a grab bucket 201 vertically corresponding to the inner hole of the annular rotation drive 103, the annular shoe supporting device 104 is provided with a movable material distributing device 108, the material distributing device 108 is provided with a slag chute 108-1, and a hanging scaffold 6 is arranged in cooperation with the slag chute 108-1.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the technical scheme provides a preferable slag discharging structure of the heading machine, namely, the grab bucket 201 is arranged on the rear support 2 of the hanging scaffold, the grab bucket 201 only reciprocates up and down between the annular shoe supporting device 104 and the bottom of the well, the waiting time of the heading host 1 is greatly shortened, the slag ground grabbed by the grab bucket 201 can directly flow into the hanging scaffold 6 through the slag chute 108-1 of the material distributing device 108, and the hanging scaffold 6 and the grab bucket 201 synchronously act, so that the slag discharging efficiency and the heading efficiency can be effectively improved.

On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the material distributing device 108 includes a bracket connected to the third linear expansion device, the top of the bracket is hinged to the slag chute 108-1, a fourth linear expansion device 108-2 is hinged between the slag chute 108-1 and the bracket, and the two sides of the translational direction of the material distributing device 108 are both provided with the hanging bucket 6.

Specifically, a grab bucket 201 is arranged on the lowest layer platform of the support 2 behind the hanging scaffold, the grab bucket 201 drives a cavity in the middle of the support 103 along the annular rotation to enter an excavation surface for slag grabbing operation, then rock slag is loaded into a slag chute 108-1 on the distributing device 108, the rock slag flows into the hanging scaffold 6 along the slag chute 108-1, and then the rock slag is transported out of a well through the hanging scaffold 6. During the up-down operation of the grab bucket 201, the material distributing device 108 can drive the bracket through the third linear telescopic device, and the roller 108-3 arranged at the bottom of the bracket can improve the moving convenience, so that the operation space of the grab bucket 201 is reserved. When the grab bucket 201 is ready for discharging slag, the material distributing device 108 moves to the lower part of the grab bucket 201, the fourth linear expansion device 108-2 is adjusted to change the angle of the slag chute 108-1, so that the rock slag discharged by the grab bucket 201 is loaded into the bucket 6 along the slag chute 108-1, the bucket 6 on two sides of the slag chute 108-1 are used in turn, and the slag discharging efficiency can be further improved.

The fourth linear expansion device 108-2 and the third linear expansion device are preferably hydraulic cylinders, and other expansion devices can be used instead, such as an electric expansion cylinder, a gear-rack transmission expansion device and the like which meet the load.

In addition to the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the cutting device 101 includes a cutting arm 101 connected to the rotating portion of the annular rotation driving 103, a cutting driving 101-1 is disposed in the cutting arm 101, the cutting driving 101-1 is connected to a cutting head 101-2, and a fifth linear expansion device 109 is hinged between the cutting arm 101 and the rotating portion of the annular rotation driving 103. The fifth linear expansion device 109 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder, but other expansion devices may be used instead, such as an electric expansion cylinder, a rack and pinion expansion device, etc. that can meet the load.

The tunneling machine comprises a tunneling host and a rear support of a hanging scaffold, wherein the tunneling host and the rear support of the hanging scaffold are connected through a steel wire rope, and the rear support of the hanging scaffold is also connected with a ground suspension device through the steel wire rope, namely, the whole underground equipment is connected with the ground suspension device through the steel wire rope.

The tunneling host comprises a cutting arm, a supporting shield body, an annular rotary drive and an annular supporting shoe device from bottom to top. The cutting arm is internally provided with a cutting drive, so that a cutting head arranged at the forefront end of the cutting arm can rotate; the cutting arm is arranged on the annular rotary drive, a swinging oil cylinder is connected between the cutting arm and the annular rotary drive, and the cutting head is used for excavating the whole section under the action of the swinging oil cylinder and the annular rotary drive.

The annular rotary drive is of a hollow structure, and is arranged on the supporting shield body through a pushing oil cylinder, and the pushing oil cylinder stretches to drive the annular rotary drive and the cutting arm to move up and down, so that the footage excavation of the vertical shaft in the depth direction is realized; the circumference of the supporting shield body is provided with a plurality of supporting shoes for stabilizing the posture of the equipment.

A plurality of stepping oil cylinders are connected between the annular shoe supporting device and the supporting shield body. During tunneling operation, the annular supporting shoe device and the supporting shoe tightly support the well wall, and the cutting head performs excavation operation. Adjusting the cutting depth of the cutting head, starting the cutting operation of the whole section by the cutting head, after the whole section is cut, retracting the pushing oil cylinder by a proper length, and performing the cutting operation of the next layer of section by the cutting head until the stroke of the pushing oil cylinder is used up, and then enabling the pushing oil cylinder to extend out completely; then, the supporting boots on the supporting shield body are retracted, the step-changing oil cylinder extends out, so that the supporting shield body, the annular rotary drive and the cutting arm are integrally lowered, and cutting and excavating operation of the next cycle is carried out; after the cutting cycle is completed again, the annular supporting shoe device is retracted, the steel wire rope is lowered through the ground suspension device, and the lowering height of underground equipment is equal to the cutting head excavation depth.

During the cutting head excavation, a grab bucket is designed on a lowest layer platform matched with a hanging scaffold above a tunneling host machine, the grab bucket enters an excavation surface along the rotation driving middle part to carry out slag grabbing operation, then rock slag is filled into a bucket placed on a ring-shaped supporting shoe device platform, and the rock slag is transported out of a well through the bucket.

As shown in particular in fig. 1-4: the tunneling machine comprises a tunneling machine 1 and a hanging scaffold rear support 2, wherein the tunneling machine 1 and the hanging scaffold rear support 2 are connected through a steel wire rope, and the hanging scaffold rear support 2 is connected with a ground suspension device 4 through the steel wire rope.

The tunneling machine 1 comprises a cutting arm 101, a supporting shield body 102, an annular rotary drive 103 and an annular supporting shoe device 104 from bottom to top. A cutting drive 101-1 is arranged in the cutting arm 101, so that a cutting head 101-2 arranged at the forefront end of the cutting arm 101 can rotate; the cutting arm 101 is arranged on the annular rotary drive 103, and a swinging oil cylinder is connected between the cutting arm 101 and the annular rotary drive 103, so that the cutting head 101-2 can excavate the whole section under the action of the swinging oil cylinder and the annular rotary drive 103.

The annular rotary drive 103 is of a hollow structure, the annular rotary drive 103 is connected with the supporting shield body 102 through a pushing oil cylinder, a sliding limit rail 106 is arranged between the annular rotary drive 103 and the supporting shield body 102, and the pushing oil cylinder stretches and contracts to drive the annular rotary drive 103 to move up and down along the sliding limit rail 106, so that the cutting head 101-2 is excavated in a footage direction in the vertical shaft depth direction. A plurality of supporting shoes 102-1 are arranged on the circumference of the supporting shield body 102 and are used for stabilizing the equipment posture when the cutting head 101-2 is excavated.

The annular supporting shoe device 104 is located above the supporting shield body 102, and a plurality of stepping cylinders are connected between the annular supporting shoe device and the supporting shield body. The stepping oil cylinder can effectively increase the tunneling stroke, reduce the lowering times of the ground suspension device 4 to the steel wire rope, and improve the construction efficiency.

The platform of the annular shoe supporting device 104 is also provided with a movable distributing device 108, and the distributing device 108 is provided with a slag chute 108-1, an inclined oil cylinder and a roller 108-3.

Auxiliary facilities such as an electric device, a hydraulic device, a fluid device and the like which are matched with the tunneling host 1 are arranged on the back support 2 of the hanging scaffold. The grab bucket 201 is designed on the lowest layer platform of the support 2 behind the hanging scaffold, the grab bucket 201 enters the excavation surface along the middle part of the annular rotary drive 103 to carry out slag grabbing operation, then rock slag is filled into the slag chute 108-1 on the material distributing device 108, the rock slag flows into the hanging scaffold 6 along the slag chute 108-1, and then the rock slag is transported out of the well through the hanging scaffold 6. During the up-down operation of the grab bucket 201, the material distributing device 108 can move through the roller 108-3, so that the operation space of the grab bucket 201 is reserved, when the grab bucket 201 is ready for discharging slag, the material distributing device 108 moves to the lowest part of the grab bucket 201, and the angle of the slag chute 108-1 is changed by adjusting the inclined oil cylinder, so that the rock slag discharged by the grab bucket 201 is loaded into the bucket 6 along the slag chute 108-1.

Namely, the core content of the application comprises the following three points:

(1) The vertical shaft heading machine comprises a heading host and a hanging scaffold, wherein the two parts are connected through a steel wire rope, and the hanging scaffold is also connected with a ground suspension device through the steel wire rope, namely, the whole equipment is suspended through the steel wire rope.

(2) The vertical shaft heading machine is used for deslagging, the grab bucket is arranged on the rear of the hanging scaffold in a matched mode, the grab bucket enters the excavation surface from the middle of the tunneling host machine to grasp slag, the slag is placed into the hanging scaffold through the adjustment position on the slag loading platform, and the slag is transported out of the well through the hanging scaffold.

(3) The tunneling host is provided with an annular supporting shoe device and a stepping oil cylinder. When the device works, the annular shoe supporting device supports the well wall tightly, the cutting head performs excavation operation, after the cutting head excavates a stroke, the annular shoe supporting device keeps the original posture unchanged, the stepping oil cylinder extends downwards, and the next cycle of excavation is performed after the equipment is adjusted; when the stroke of the stepping oil cylinder is completely used up, the ground suspension rope is then lowered, the equipment state is adjusted, the stepping oil cylinder is retracted, and then the next cycle operation is performed, so that the frequent lowering action of the steel wire rope is reduced. Due to the arrangement of the annular shoe supporting device, the disposable excavation depth is increased, and the construction efficiency is improved. In addition, the steel wire rope between the tunneling host and the rear supporting part of the hanging scaffold is used as a hanging rope and also used as a safety rope for the operation of the tunneling host.

The construction method of the shaft heading machine adopts the shaft heading machine and comprises the following steps:

s1: the tunneling host 1 and the hanging scaffold rear support 2 are installed, a first linear expansion device 3 is connected between the tunneling host 1 and the hanging scaffold rear support 2, and a second linear expansion device 5 is connected between the hanging scaffold rear support 2 and the ground device 4.

S2: the stepping device 107 is fully retracted, the telescopic device 105 acts to enable the annular slewing drive 103 to be positioned at the top of the supporting shield body 102, and the annular supporting shoe device 104 stretches out to support the well wall.

S3: the supporting shoes 102-1 on the circumference of the supporting shield body 102 extend out to tightly support the well wall.

S4: the rotation speed of the cutting drive 101-1 is controlled, the telescopic device 105 is controlled to act so that the cutting head 101-2 is buried into the well bottom to a certain depth, the extension amount of the fifth linear telescopic device 109 and the circumferential rotation speed of the annular rotary drive 103 are controlled, the cutting head 101-2 is enabled to operate to cover the whole tunneling section, interlayer excavation is completed, and the grab bucket 201 performs slag grabbing operation during the period.

S5: step S4 is repeated until the stroke of the telescopic device 105 is completely exhausted, and then the telescopic device 105 is reset.

S6: the support shoes 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 are retracted away from the borehole wall.

S7: the annular supporting shoe device 104 continues to support the well wall, and the stepping device 107 stretches out, so that the cutting arm 101, the supporting shield body 102 and the annular rotary drive 103 are integrally lowered, and the lowering distance is equal to the stroke of the telescopic device 105.

S8: repeating steps S3-S7.

S9: the annular supporting shoe device 104 is retracted away from the well wall, after the ground surface suspending device 4 enables the underground equipment to integrally move downwards by the stroke distance of the telescopic device 105 through the second linear telescopic device 5, the supporting shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the supporting shield body 102 supports the well wall tightly, then the stepping device 107 is retracted, and the second linear telescopic device 5 continues to descend by the stroke distance of the stepping device 107.

S10: after the stepping device 107 is retracted, the annular supporting shoe device 104 stretches out to support the well wall tightly.

S11: and (5) repeating the steps S2-S10 to finish the excavation slag discharging operation of the vertical shaft. The development machine provided by the technical scheme.

The preferred embodiment of the construction method of the heading machine comprises the following steps:

s1: the tunneling host machine 1 and the hanging scaffold rear support 2 are arranged, a steel wire rope is connected between the tunneling host machine 1 and the hanging scaffold rear support 2, and a steel wire rope is connected between the hanging scaffold rear support 2 and the ground suspension device 4.

S2: the stepping oil cylinder is completely retracted, the pushing oil cylinder is completely extended, and the annular supporting shoe device 104 is extended to tightly support the well wall;

s3: the supporting shoes 102-1 on the circumference of the supporting shield body 102 extend out to tightly support the well wall.

S4: the rotation speed of the cutting drive 101-1 is controlled, the pushing oil cylinder is controlled to retract for a certain length, the cutting head 101-2 is buried in a rock stratum for a certain depth, the extension amount of the swinging oil cylinder and the circumferential rotation speed of the annular rotation drive 103 are controlled, the cutting head 101-2 is enabled to operate to cover the section of a vertical shaft, interlayer excavation is completed, and the grab bucket 201 performs slag grabbing operation during the interlayer excavation.

S5: and (3) repeating the step (S3) until the stroke of the propulsion cylinder is completely finished, and then enabling the propulsion cylinder to extend completely.

S6: the support shoes 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 are retracted away from the borehole wall.

S7: the annular supporting shoe device 104 continues to support the well wall, and the stepping oil cylinder extends out, so that the cutting arm 101, the supporting shield body 102 and the annular rotary drive 103 are integrally lowered, and the lowering distance is equal to the stroke of the pushing oil cylinder.

S8: repeating steps S3-S7.

S9: the annular supporting shoe device 104 is retracted away from the well wall, the ground suspension device 4 lowers the steel wire rope, after the underground equipment moves down by 1 stroke of the thrust cylinder as a whole, the supporting shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the supporting shield body 102 supports the well wall tightly, then the stepping cylinder is retracted, and the steel wire rope continues to be lowered by one stroke of the stepping cylinder.

S10: after the stepping oil cylinder is retracted, the annular supporting shoe device 104 stretches out to tightly support the well wall;

s11: and (5) repeating the steps S2-S10 to finish the excavation slag discharging operation of the vertical shaft.

Reducing transformation design:

(1) Due to the adoption of the cutting arm 101 for excavation, excavation with different diameters can be realized by controlling the stroke of the swing oil cylinder and the annular shoe supporting device 104 oil cylinder;

(2) The transformation of the tunneling host 1 can be completed by replacing the supporting shield body 102 during reducing;

(3) The supporting 2 limit pieces designs to bolted connection behind the hanging scaffold, can adapt to the shaft engineering of different diameters through the replacement limit piece.

Compared with the cutter head design adopted by the full-face vertical shaft heading machine, the variable-diameter transformation method has obvious advantages.

The present application is not limited to the conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims (13)

1. A shaft boring machine, includes a main boring machine (1) connected with a ring-shaped supporting shoe device (104) through a stepping device (107), characterized in that: the annular supporting shoe device (104) is connected with the tunneling host machine (1) through the supporting shield body (102), the supporting shield body (102) is connected with the fixed part of the annular rotary drive (103) of the tunneling host machine (1) through the telescopic device (105), and the rotary part of the annular rotary drive (103) is connected with the swinging cutting device (101).

2. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: the support shield body (102) is provided with a radial telescopic support shoe (102-1) and an axially extending sliding limit rail (106), and the fixed part of the annular slewing drive (103) is in sliding fit with the sliding limit rail (106).

3. The shaft boring machine according to claim 2, wherein: the sliding limiting rails (106) are arranged in a plurality, and the sliding limiting rails (106) are distributed at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield body (102).

4. A shaft boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein: the support shield body (102) is provided with a plurality of support boots (102-1) which stretch out and draw back radially, a plurality of groups of support boots (102-1) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the support shield body (102), and each group of support boots (102-1) comprises a plurality of support boots (102-1) which are distributed at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the support shield body (102).

5. The shaft boring machine according to claim 4, wherein: the stepping device (107) comprises a plurality of stepping cylinders hinged between the annular shoe supporting device (104) and the supporting shield body (102), and a plurality of groups of stepping cylinders are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield body (102).

6. The shaft boring machine according to claim 5, wherein: each group of stepping oil cylinders are distributed at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield body (102), and each stepping oil cylinder is obliquely arranged relative to the axis of the supporting shield body (102).

7. A shaft boring machine according to any one of claims 1-3, 5-6, wherein: the annular shoe supporting device (104) is connected with the rear supporting device (2) of the hanging scaffold through the first linear expansion device (3), or the annular shoe supporting device (104) is in unstructured connection with the rear supporting device (2) of the hanging scaffold, and the rear supporting device (2) of the hanging scaffold is connected with the ground device (4) through the second linear expansion device (5).

8. The shaft boring machine according to claim 7, wherein: the first linear expansion device (3) and the second linear expansion device (5) are rigid expansion devices or steel wire suspension devices.

9. The shaft boring machine according to claim 8, wherein: the side blocks of the hanging scaffold rear support (2) are detachably connected with the main blocks.

10. The shaft boring machine according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: the automatic feeding device is characterized in that the grab bucket (201) vertically corresponding to the inner hole of the annular rotary drive (103) is connected to the rear supporting part (2) of the hanging scaffold, a movable distributing device (108) is arranged on the annular supporting shoe device (104), a slag chute (108-1) is arranged on the distributing device (108), and a hanging scaffold (6) is arranged in cooperation with the slag chute (108-1).

11. The shaft boring machine according to claim 10, wherein: the material distributing device (108) comprises a bracket connected with the third linear expansion device, the top of the bracket is hinged with the slag chute (108-1), a fourth linear expansion device (108-2) is hinged between the slag chute (108-1) and the bracket, and the two sides of the translational direction of the material distributing device (108) are respectively provided with the hanging bucket (6).

12. A shaft boring machine according to any one of claims 1-3, 5-6, 8-9, 11, wherein: the cutting device (101) comprises a cutting arm (101) connected with the rotating part of the annular rotating drive (103), a cutting drive (101-1) is arranged in the cutting arm (101), the cutting drive (101-1) is connected with a cutting head (101-2), and a fifth linear expansion device (109) is hinged between the cutting arm (101) and the rotating part of the annular rotating drive (103).

13. A construction method of a shaft heading machine is characterized by comprising the following steps: a shaft boring machine according to claim 12, comprising the steps of:

s1: a tunneling host (1) and a hanging scaffold rear support (2) are installed, a first linear expansion device (3) is connected between the tunneling host (1) and the hanging scaffold rear support (2), and a second linear expansion device (5) is connected between the hanging scaffold rear support (2) and a ground device (4);

s2: the stepping device (107) is completely retracted, the telescopic device (105) acts to enable the annular rotary drive (103) to be positioned at the top of the supporting shield body (102), and the annular supporting shoe device (104) stretches out to tightly support the well wall;

s3: supporting shoes (102-1) on the circumference of the supporting shield body (102) extend out to tightly support the well wall;

s4: controlling the rotating speed of the cutting drive (101-1), controlling the telescopic device (105) to act so that the cutting head (101-2) is buried in the bottom of the well to a certain depth, controlling the extending amount of the fifth linear telescopic device (109) and the circumferential rotating speed of the annular rotary drive (103), enabling the cutting head (101-2) to operate to cover the whole tunneling section, completing interlayer excavation, and performing slag grabbing operation by the grab bucket (201);

s5: repeating the step S4 until the stroke of the telescopic device (105) is completely used up, and then resetting the telescopic device (105);

s6: the supporting boots (102-1) on the circumference of the supporting shield body (102) are retracted to be separated from the well wall;

s7: the annular supporting shoe device (104) continuously supports the well wall, the stepping device (107) stretches out, so that the cutting arm (101), the supporting shield body (102) and the annular rotary drive (103) are integrally lowered, and the lowering distance is equal to the stroke of the telescopic device (105);

s8: repeating the steps S3-S7;

s9: the annular supporting shoe device (104) is retracted away from the well wall, the ground surface suspending device (4) enables underground equipment to integrally move downwards by the stroke distance of one telescopic device (105) through the second linear telescopic device (5), the supporting shoe (102-1) on the circumference of the supporting shield body (102) supports the well wall tightly, then the stepping device (107) is retracted, and the second linear telescopic device (5) continues to move downwards by the stroke distance of one stepping device (107);

s10: after the stepping device (107) is retracted, the annular supporting shoe device (104) stretches out to tightly support the well wall;

s11: and (5) repeating the steps S2-S10 to finish the excavation slag discharging operation of the vertical shaft.