CN116677322A - Variable-aperture drill rod for underground engineering rock-soil body drilling and drilling method - Google Patents
Variable-aperture drill rod for underground engineering rock-soil body drilling and drilling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116677322A CN116677322A CN202310973088.4A CN202310973088A CN116677322A CN 116677322 A CN116677322 A CN 116677322A CN 202310973088 A CN202310973088 A CN 202310973088A CN 116677322 A CN116677322 A CN 116677322A
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- drilling
- rod
- reaming
- drill
- bit
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/602—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids the bit being a rotary drag type bit with blades
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/042—Threaded
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a variable-aperture drill rod for drilling a rock-soil body of an underground engineering and a drilling method, wherein the variable-aperture drill rod comprises a drilling rod, a drilling bit is arranged at the front end of the drilling rod, and a reaming rod or a reaming sleeve rod is connected at the rear end of the drilling rod; when the rear end of the drilling rod is connected with the hole expanding rod, a first hole expanding drill bit is arranged between the front end of the hole expanding rod and the rear end of the drilling rod, the tail end of the hole expanding rod is connected with a drilling machine joint, the outer walls of the drilling rod and the hole expanding rod are respectively sleeved with an outer supporting component, and water through holes penetrate through the drilling rod, the hole expanding rod and the drilling machine joint; when the back end of the drilling rod is connected with the reaming sleeve rod, the front end of the reaming sleeve rod is provided with a second reaming bit, the tail ends of the drilling rod and the reaming sleeve rod are separately connected with a drilling machine joint, the outer wall of the drilling rod is sleeved with an outer supporting component, and water holes penetrate through the drilling rod and the drilling machine joint. According to the utility model, two drill rods and drill bits in different forms are connected in an assembled mode, so that two working procedures of drilling and reaming are synchronously performed, the operation is simple, the time is saved, and the precision control is high.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction, in particular to a variable-aperture drill rod for drilling a rock-soil body of an underground engineering and a drilling method.
Background
In the engineering fields of traffic, water conservancy, underground and the like, tunnel or tunnel excavation is an important subsection engineering, and in a common excavation method, a drilling and blasting method is still widely applied due to the characteristics of flexible design, low cost, high efficiency, wide adaptability and the like. In the design of blasting excavation technical scheme, the selection of a blast hole plugging method is crucial, and on the basis of conventional blast hole design, the inventor designs a thread-shaped plugging hole structure in the issued Chinese patent of hydraulic tunnel drilling blasting excavation plugging hole (bulletin number: CN 217877382U), as shown in figure 1. In order to realize the plugging structure, firstly, the excavation of non-uniform diameter drilling holes is needed, and as shown in fig. 2, the non-uniform diameter drilling holes are applied to blasting blastholes, anchor rod (cable) reinforcing holes and grouting waterproof consolidation holes.
Currently, a common drilling method is to drill by using a small-diameter drill bit and then to ream by using a large-diameter drill bit, and the method is performed in two steps, so that the problems of complicated construction, relatively time-consuming, poor precision control and the like are caused. If two drills with different diameters are arranged at different positions on the same drill rod, so that the drilling and reaming are synchronously carried out, the drilling with unequal diameters can be formed at one time, the operation is simple, the time is saved, the technical advancement and the drilling precision of the drill rod are improved, and at present, no more convenient and practical tool exists. Therefore, an attempt can be made to invent a variable-bore drill rod with "integrated drilling and reaming".
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a variable-aperture drill rod for drilling a rock-soil body of an underground engineering and a drilling method.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim:
the variable-aperture drill rod for drilling the underground engineering rock and soil body comprises a drilling rod, wherein a drilling bit is arranged at the front end of the drilling rod, and a reaming rod or a reaming sleeve rod is connected at the rear end of the drilling rod;
when the rear end of the drilling rod is connected with the hole expanding rod, a first hole expanding drill bit is arranged between the front end of the hole expanding rod and the rear end of the drilling rod, the tail end of the hole expanding rod is connected with a drilling machine joint, the outer walls of the drilling rod and the hole expanding rod are respectively sleeved with an outer supporting component, and water through holes penetrate through the drilling rod, the hole expanding rod and the drilling machine joint;
when the back end of the drilling rod is connected with the reaming sleeve rod, the front end of the reaming sleeve rod is provided with a second reaming bit, the tail ends of the drilling rod and the reaming sleeve rod are separately connected with a drilling machine joint, the outer wall of the drilling rod is sleeved with an outer supporting component, and water holes penetrate through the drilling rod and the drilling machine joint.
The drilling rod comprises a drilling rod body, first connectors are arranged at two ends of the drilling rod body, first external threads are arranged on the outer wall of the first connectors, and the water through holes penetrate through the drilling rod body and the inside of the first connectors.
The drilling bit comprises a center shaft, a plurality of linear bit heads are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the outer wall of the center shaft, spherical bit heads are arranged at the center position of the front end of the center shaft, an internal thread connecting hole is formed in the center shaft and is connected with a first external thread of a first connector at the front end of a drilling rod body through the internal thread connecting hole, water passing holes which are in butt joint with water passing holes of the drilling rod are formed in the spherical bit heads, and water outlet holes which are communicated with the water passing holes are formed in the side walls of the spherical bit heads.
The reaming pole includes the reaming body of rod, and reaming body of rod front end is equipped with the second connector, and the second connector outer wall is equipped with the second external screw thread, and the limbers runs through inside reaming body of rod, the second connector, and the rig connects to connect at reaming body of rod tail end, and the external diameter of reaming body of rod is unanimous with the external diameter of drilling body of rod.
The first reaming bit comprises a first cutter head, a plurality of first cutter heads are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the front end face of the first cutter head, a drill shaft is arranged in the middle of the first cutter head, an internal thread butt joint hole is formed in the drill shaft, the front end of the internal thread butt joint hole of the drill shaft is connected with a first external thread of a first connector at the tail end of a drilling rod body, and the rear end of the internal thread butt joint hole is connected with a second external thread of a second connector at the front end of the reaming rod body.
The reaming sleeve rod comprises a reaming sleeve rod body, an inner sleeve hole penetrates through the reaming sleeve rod body, and an inner thread assembly hole is formed in the front end of the inner sleeve hole.
The second reaming bit comprises a second cutter palm, a plurality of second cutterheads are arranged on the outer circumference of the front end face of the second cutter palm, a connecting cylinder is arranged in the middle of the rear end face of the second cutter palm, an assembly external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder, a central through hole penetrates through the second cutter palm and the connecting cylinder, the assembly external thread of the second reaming bit is connected with an internal thread assembly hole of a reaming sleeve rod, and the reaming rod penetrates into an inner sleeve hole of the reaming sleeve rod body from the central through hole.
The outer supporting component comprises a ball bearing, the ball bearing is sleeved on the outer wall of the drilling rod body or the outer wall of the reaming rod body, a plastic sleeve is sleeved outside the ball bearing, and a plurality of supporting legs are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the outer wall of the plastic sleeve.
A drilling method of a variable-aperture drill rod for drilling a rock-soil body of underground engineering,
when the rear end of the drilling rod is connected with the hole expanding rod, the concrete steps are as follows:
s1, hole site measurement and drill rod assembly;
s2, positioning a drilling machine;
s3, starting a variable-aperture drill rod;
s4, pressing water in the pore canal;
s5, synchronously starting a drilling rod and a reaming rod, and drilling and propelling;
s6, reaming is started;
s7, drilling is completed;
s8, cleaning the drilled holes.
When the rear end of the drilling rod is connected with the reaming sleeve rod, the concrete steps are as follows:
p1, hole site measurement and drill rod assembly;
p2, positioning a drilling machine;
p3, starting a variable-aperture drill rod;
p4, pressing water in a pore canal;
p5, starting a drilling rod, and drilling and propelling;
p6, starting a reaming sleeve rod, and starting reaming;
p7, simultaneously operating the drilling rod and the reaming sleeve rod;
p8, drilling is completed;
p9, cleaning the drilled hole.
When the rear end of the drilling rod is connected with the reaming rod, the drilling bit, the first reaming bit, the drilling rod and the reaming rod are integrated, after the electric equipment is started, the drilling rod and the reaming rod start to rotate, the drilling bit and the first reaming bit start to drill, the drilling bit starts to drill firstly, when the length of the drilling bit away from the bottom of a borehole is equal to that of a reaming section, the first reaming bit reaches a drilling hole opening, and at the moment, the two bits work simultaneously until the drilling depth reaches the design depth;
when the reaming loop bar is connected to the drilling pole rear end, drilling pole and reaming loop bar are two sets of independent control system, and electronic equipment starts the back at first, starts the drilling pole at this moment, and the drill bit begins to bore to establish, and the reaming loop bar is not started once, wait that the length of drill bit apart from drilling bottom equals the length of reaming section, and the second reaming bit reaches the drilling drill way, starts the reaming loop bar this moment, and drilling pole and reaming loop bar are simultaneous operation, until boring to the design degree of depth.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: according to the utility model, two drill rods in different forms and a drill bit are connected in an assembled manner, so that the drilling and reaming integrated integral drill rod is formed, and two working procedures of drilling and reaming are synchronously performed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a structure in which a screw hole is formed in the middle of a blast hole in an utility model patent related to the background art;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a non-uniform diameter borehole configuration in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the rear end of the drilling rod of the present utility model when the rear end of the drilling rod is connected with a hole-expanding rod;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the back end of the drill rod of the present utility model when the back end is connected to a reamer sleeve;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a drill rod according to the present utility model;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the drill bit of the present utility model;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a drill bit of the present utility model;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the hole-expanding rod of the present utility model;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the reamer spindle of the present utility model;
FIG. 10 is a front view of a first reamer bit of the present utility model;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a first reamer bit of the present utility model;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the ball bearing of the outer support assembly of the present utility model;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the plastic sleeve and legs of the outer support assembly of the present utility model;
FIG. 14 is a front view of a second reamer bit of the present utility model;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a second reamer bit of the present utility model;
FIG. 16 is a drawing showing the drilling steps of the variable-bore drill rod according to the present utility model when the rear end of the drill rod is connected to the hole-enlarging rod;
FIG. 17 is a drawing showing the steps of drilling a variable-bore drill rod when the rear end of the drill rod is connected to a reaming sleeve;
in the figure: 1-drilling a hole rod; 2-a drill bit; 3-a hole-expanding rod; 4-reaming a sleeve rod; 5-a first reamer bit; 6-a drilling machine joint; 7-an outer support assembly; 8-water holes; 9-a second reamer bit; 10-tunnel contour; 11-variable aperture drilling; 12-anchor rod; 13-primary support; 14-slope bottom; 15-slope roof;
101-drilling a rod body; 102-a first connector; 103—first external threads;
201-middle axis; 202-a linear cutter head; 203-a spherical cutter head; 204-an internally threaded connection hole; 205-water passing holes; 206-water outlet holes;
301-reaming a rod body; 302-a second connector; 303-second external threads;
401-reaming the sleeve rod body; 402-inner sleeve holes; 403-internal thread assembly holes;
501-a first knife palm; 502-a first cutterhead; 503-drilling a shaft; 504-internal thread butt-joint hole;
701-ball bearings; 702-a plastic sleeve; 703-feet;
901-a second tool holder; 902-a second cutterhead; 903—connecting cylinders; 904-assembling external threads; 905-a central through hole;
the embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present utility model are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. The utility model is more particularly described by way of example in the following paragraphs with reference to the drawings. The advantages and features of the present utility model will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the utility model.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the utility model is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The utility model is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
the utility model considers the synchronous proceeding of drilling and reaming, connects two drill rods and drill bits in different forms in an assembled way, forms an integral drill rod with integrated drilling and reaming, and ensures that the two working procedures of drilling and reaming are synchronously carried out, namely the variable-aperture drill rod has the advantages of simple operation, time saving, high precision control, one-time forming, independent control and the like, and improves the technical advancement of the drill rod.
The variable-aperture drill rod for drilling the underground engineering rock and soil body comprises a drill rod 1, wherein a drill bit 2 is arranged at the front end of the drill rod 1, and a reaming rod 3 or a reaming sleeve rod 4 is connected at the rear end of the drill rod 1, as shown in figures 3 and 4;
when the rear end of the drilling rod 1 is connected with the reaming rod 3, a first reaming bit 5 is arranged between the front end of the reaming rod 3 and the rear end of the drilling rod 1, the tail end of the reaming rod 3 is connected with a drilling machine joint 6, the outer walls of the drilling rod 1 and the reaming rod 3 are sleeved with an outer supporting component 7, and water holes 8 penetrate through the drilling rod 1, the reaming rod 3 and the drilling machine joint 6;
when the back end of the drilling rod 1 is connected with the reaming sleeve rod 4, the front end of the reaming sleeve rod 4 is provided with a second reaming drill bit 9, the tail ends of the drilling rod 1 and the reaming sleeve rod 4 are separately connected with a drilling machine joint 6, the outer wall of the drilling rod 1 is sleeved with an outer supporting component 7, and water through holes 8 penetrate through the drilling rod 1 and the drilling machine joint 6.
The variable-bore drill rod is characterized in that two drill bits with different diameters are arranged at different positions on one integral drill rod, the drill bit at the front end of the drill rod is used for drilling, the drill bit at the middle part of the drill rod is used for reaming, when the length of the integral drill rod is large and the two drill bits are operated simultaneously, the torque born by the integral drill rod is large, the resistance born by the two drill bits is different, at the moment, the rod piece can be subjected to uncoordinated deformation or even jamming, and the first reaming drill bit 5 has an idle rotation period, so that waste is caused, the drill rod 1 and the reaming sleeve 4 can be separated to operate independently in a sleeve rod mode, namely the two rod pieces do not share the same drill rod. At this time, the on-off control of the two rod pieces is mutually independent, and the two rod pieces are started at any time according to the needs, so that the fine operation is realized.
The diameter of the drilling bit 2 is smaller than that of the first reaming bit 5 and the second reaming bit 9, the total length of the whole drilling rod and the drilling bit 2 is equal to the drilling length, and the distance between the first reaming bit 5 and the second reaming bit 9 and the front end of the drilling rod is equal to the drilling length minus the length of the reaming section.
In underground engineering, the diameter of the drilled hole is smaller and the length is larger, so the slenderness ratio of the whole drill rod is larger, shake, inclination and even distortion are easy to occur in the drilling process, and in order to solve the problem, the outer support assembly 7 is arranged on the whole drill rod and serves as the outer support of the whole drill rod, the single-section span of the drill rod is shortened, the rotation of the whole drill rod can be met, and the stability of the whole drill rod can be ensured.
The drilling bit 2 is used for drilling a rock-soil body with a certain solid volume, the first reaming bit 5 and the second reaming bit 9 are used for drilling a cylindrical rock-soil body with a certain wall thickness, so the drilling bit 2 adopts a solid type, and the first reaming bit 5 and the second reaming bit 9 adopt a cylindrical type.
In the drilling process, the drill bit 2 and the rock-soil body generate heat through friction, the drill bit is cooled, water holes are formed in the integral drill rod and the drill bit 2, and the first reaming bit 5 and the second reaming bit 9 cool by using backwater water.
As shown in fig. 5, the drill rod 1 is a conventional circular or prismatic drill rod. The drilling rod 1 comprises a drilling rod body 101, first connectors 102 are arranged at two ends of the drilling rod body 101, first external threads 103 are arranged on the outer wall of the first connectors 102, and the water through holes 8 penetrate through the drilling rod body 101 and the inside of the first connectors 102.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the drill bit 2 includes a central shaft 201, a plurality of linear cutter heads 202 are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the central shaft 201, a spherical cutter head 203 is disposed at the center of the front end of the central shaft 201, an internal threaded connection hole 204 is disposed in the central shaft 201 and is connected with the first external thread 103 of the first connector 102 at the front end of the drill rod body 101 through the internal threaded connection hole 204, a water passing hole 205 which is in butt joint with the water passing hole 8 of the drill rod 1 is disposed in the spherical cutter head 203, and a water outlet hole 206 which is communicated with the water passing hole 205 is disposed on the side wall of the spherical cutter head 203.
The drill bit 2 is made of conventional diamond material and consists of a center shaft 201 and a cutter head. The middle shaft 201 is a cylinder, the middle is provided with an internal thread connecting hole 204, and the diameters of the middle shaft 201 and the drilling rod body 101 are the same. The tool bit comprises four linear tool bits 202 and a spherical tool bit 203, wherein the linear tool bits 202 are in a right trapezoid shape in cross section, are uniformly distributed along the center shaft 201 and are positioned on two perpendicular radial lines, the diameter of a circle surrounded by the inner ends of the linear tool bits 202 is equal to the diameter of an internal threaded connecting hole 204 on the center shaft 201, the diameter of a circle surrounded by the outer ends of the linear tool bits 202 is equal to the diameter of a drilling hole and is larger than the diameter of the center shaft 201, and muddy water formed by drilling flows out from a gap between the linear tool bits 202 and the center shaft 201. The spherical cutter head 203 is positioned in the middle of the middle shaft 201, the diameter of the spherical cutter head is smaller than that of the internal thread connecting hole 204 on the middle shaft 201, the water passing hole 205 and the water outlet hole 206 are used for cooling the drill bit 2, and the water passing hole 205 and the water outlet hole 206 are integrally T-shaped. The middle shaft 201 and the cutter head can be formed in an integral forming mode, and can also be assembled by embedding, extruding and welding.
As shown in fig. 8, the reamer spindle 3 is a conventional circular or prismatic drill spindle. The hole enlarging rod 3 comprises a hole enlarging rod body 301, a second connector 302 is arranged at the front end of the hole enlarging rod body 301, a second external thread 303 is arranged on the outer wall of the second connector 302, a water through hole 8 penetrates through the hole enlarging rod body 301 and the second connector 302, a drilling machine connector 6 is connected to the tail end of the hole enlarging rod body 301, and the outer diameter of the hole enlarging rod body 301 is consistent with that of the drilling rod body 101.
As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the first reamer bit 5 includes a first cutter holder 501, a plurality of first cutterheads 502 are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the front end surface of the first cutter holder 501, a drill shaft 503 is disposed in the middle of the first cutter holder 501, an internal thread abutting hole 504 is disposed in the drill shaft 503, the front end of the internal thread abutting hole 504 of the drill shaft 503 is connected with the first external thread 103 of the first connector 102 at the tail end of the drill rod body 101, and the rear end of the internal thread abutting hole is connected with the second external thread 303 of the second connector 302 at the front end of the reamer rod body 301.
The first reamer bit 5 is made of conventional diamond materials, is designed into a cylinder shape, and consists of a drill shaft 503, a first cutter palm 501 and a first cutter head 502, and has an overall shape of an umbrella, a plane in a fan blade shape and a cross section in an M shape. An internal thread butt hole 504 is arranged in the middle of the drill shaft 503 and is used for connecting with the drill rod 1 and the reaming rod 3, and the diameter of the drill shaft 503 is the same as that of the drill rod 1 and the reaming rod 3. The first cutterhead 502 is separated, four first cutterheads 502 are uniformly and symmetrically distributed along the periphery of the first cutter palm 501, the inner diameter of a circle surrounded by the first cutterhead 502 is identical to the diameter of the first cutter palm 501, the outer diameter of the circle surrounded by the first cutterhead 502 is identical to the diameter of a reaming, and gaps between the first cutterhead 502 and the first cutter palm 501 are used for flowing mud water. The drill shaft 503, the first cutter head 501 and the first cutter head 502 are formed in an integral forming mode, or may be assembled by insert extrusion welding.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the outer support assembly 7 includes a ball bearing 701, the ball bearing 701 is sleeved on the outer wall of the drilling rod body 101 or the outer wall of the reaming rod body 301, a plastic sleeve 702 is sleeved outside the ball bearing 701, and a plurality of supporting legs 703 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the outer wall of the plastic sleeve 702.
The whole drill rod is provided with an outer supporting component 7 every 60cm, and is not provided with a diameter less than 60 cm. In order to facilitate the flow of mud water in the drilling process, a certain space is needed between the ball bearing 701 and the hole wall, and a conventional round body cannot be directly adopted, so that a hollow elastic plastic sleeve 702 with supporting legs 703 is sleeved on the ball bearing 701, the hollow elastic plastic sleeve 702 is made of silica gel, the diameter of the inner edge of the hollow elastic plastic sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the ball bearing 701 and smaller than the outer diameter of the ball bearing 701, the diameter of the outer edge of the hollow elastic plastic sleeve is equal to the outer diameter of the ball bearing 701, the ball bearing 701 is ensured to be manually clamped in the hollow elastic plastic sleeve and can be smoothly taken out, certain elasticity is needed, and certain strength is needed, and the thickness of the hollow elastic plastic sleeve is 1-3cm for ensuring the stability of the ball bearing 701 on a drill rod.
As shown in fig. 9, the reaming sleeve rod 4 comprises a reaming sleeve rod body 401, an inner sleeve hole 402 is penetrated in the reaming sleeve rod body 401, and an inner thread assembly hole 403 is arranged at the front end of the inner sleeve hole 402.
The reaming sleeve rod 4 adopts a cylindrical drill rod, one end of the reaming sleeve rod is provided with an internal thread and is connected with the second reaming bit 9, the inner diameter of the reaming sleeve rod 4 is larger than the diameter of the drilling rod 1, and the outer diameter of the reaming sleeve rod 4 is smaller than the reaming diameter.
As shown in fig. 14 and 15, the second reamer bit 9 includes a second cutter bit 901, a plurality of second cutterheads 902 are disposed on the circumference of the front end surface of the second cutter bit 901, a connecting cylinder 903 is disposed in the middle of the rear end surface of the second cutter bit 901, an assembly external thread 904 is disposed on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder 903, a central through hole 905 is formed in the second cutter bit 901 and the connecting cylinder 903 in a penetrating manner, the assembly external thread 904 of the second reamer bit 9 is connected with the internal thread assembly hole 403 of the reamer sleeve rod 4, and the drill rod 1 penetrates into the internal sleeve hole 402 of the reamer sleeve rod 401 from the central through hole 905.
In order to enable the variable-aperture drill rod to be suitable for various engineering working conditions, the cyclic utilization of the components is realized, the whole drill rod is designed to be assembled and disassembled, waterproof raw material belts are wound in order to prevent water seepage at the threaded connection part during connection, and the whole drill rod and the ball bearing 701 are tightly attached through extrusion. In addition, in order to facilitate the use of the wrench tool in the disassembly and assembly process, wrench clamping grooves are preset on the drill bit and the drill rod.
A drilling method of a variable-aperture drill rod for drilling a rock-soil body of underground engineering,
when the rear end of the drilling rod 1 is connected with the hole expanding rod 3, as shown in fig. 16, the specific steps are as follows:
s1, hole site measurement and drill rod assembly;
s2, positioning a drilling machine;
s3, starting a variable-aperture drill rod;
s4, pressing water in the pore canal;
s5, synchronously starting the drilling rod 1 and the reaming rod 3, and performing drilling propulsion;
s6, reaming is started;
s7, drilling is completed;
s8, cleaning the drilled holes.
When the rear end of the drilling rod 1 is connected with the reaming sleeve rod 4, as shown in fig. 17, the specific steps are as follows:
p1, hole site measurement and drill rod assembly;
p2, positioning a drilling machine;
p3, starting a variable-aperture drill rod;
p4, pressing water in a pore canal;
p5, starting the drilling rod 1, and drilling and propelling;
p6, starting the reaming sleeve rod 4, and starting reaming;
p7, the drilling rod 1 and the reaming sleeve rod 4 run simultaneously;
p8, drilling is completed;
p9, cleaning the drilled hole.
When the rear end of the drilling rod 1 is connected with the reaming rod 3, the drilling bit 2, the first reaming bit 5, the drilling rod 1 and the reaming rod 3 are integrated, after the electric equipment is started, the drilling rod 1 and the reaming rod 3 start to rotate, the drilling bit 2 and the first reaming bit 5 start to drill at the same time, the drilling bit 2 starts to drill, when the length of the drilling bit 2 away from the bottom of a drilled hole is equal to the length of a reaming section, the first reaming bit 5 reaches a drilling hole opening, and at the moment, the two bits work at the same time until the designed depth is reached;
when the back end of the drilling rod 1 is connected with the reaming sleeve rod 4, the drilling rod 1 and the reaming sleeve rod 4 are two independent control systems, after the electric equipment is started, the drilling rod 1 is started firstly, the drilling bit 2 starts to drill, the reaming sleeve rod 4 is not started temporarily, when the length of the drilling bit 2 away from the bottom of a drilled hole is equal to that of a reaming section, the second reaming bit 9 reaches a drilling hole opening, the reaming sleeve rod 4 is started at the moment, and the drilling rod 1 and the reaming sleeve rod 4 run simultaneously until the designed depth is reached.
While the utility model has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent that the utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, either made by the method concepts and technical solutions of the utility model, or applied directly to other applications without modification, within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. The variable-aperture drill rod for drilling the underground engineering rock and soil body is characterized by comprising a drilling rod (1), wherein a drilling bit (2) is arranged at the front end of the drilling rod (1), and a reaming rod (3) or a reaming sleeve rod (4) is connected at the rear end of the drilling rod (1);
when the rear end of the drilling rod (1) is connected with the reaming rod (3), a first reaming drill bit (5) is arranged between the front end of the reaming rod (3) and the rear end of the drilling rod (1), the tail end of the reaming rod (3) is connected with a drilling machine joint (6), the outer walls of the drilling rod (1) and the reaming rod (3) are respectively sleeved with an outer supporting component (7), and water through holes (8) are formed in the drilling rod (1), the reaming rod (3) and the drilling machine joint (6) in a penetrating manner;
when reaming loop bar (4) is connected to drilling pole (1) rear end, second reaming drill bit (9) are installed to reaming loop bar (4) front end, and drilling pole (1), reaming loop bar (4) tail end are connected with rig joint (6) alone, and the cover is equipped with outer supporting component (7) on drilling pole (1) outer wall, runs through in drilling pole (1), rig joint (6) and has limbers (8).
2. The variable-aperture drill rod for drilling of underground engineering rock and soil bodies according to claim 1, wherein the drill rod (1) comprises a drill rod body (101), first connectors (102) are arranged at two ends of the drill rod body (101), first external threads (103) are arranged on the outer wall of the first connectors (102), and the water through holes (8) penetrate through the drill rod body (101) and the inside of the first connectors (102).
3. The variable-aperture drill rod for underground engineering rock and soil body drilling according to claim 2, wherein the drilling bit (2) comprises a center shaft (201), a plurality of linear tool bits (202) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the outer wall of the center shaft (201), spherical tool bits (203) are arranged at the center position of the front end of the center shaft (201), internal threaded connecting holes (204) are arranged in the center shaft (201) and are connected with first external threads (103) of a first connector (102) at the front end of a drilling rod body (101) through the internal threaded connecting holes (204), water passing holes (205) which are in butt joint with water passing holes (8) of the drilling rod (1) are formed in the spherical tool bits (203), and water outlet holes (206) which are communicated with the water passing holes (205) are formed in the side walls of the spherical tool bits (203).
4. A variable-aperture drill rod for drilling underground engineering rock and soil mass according to claim 3, characterized in that the reaming rod (3) comprises a reaming rod body (301), the front end of the reaming rod body (301) is provided with a second connector (302), the outer wall of the second connector (302) is provided with a second external thread (303), the water through hole (8) penetrates through the reaming rod body (301) and the second connector (302), the drill joint (6) is connected to the tail end of the reaming rod body (301), and the outer diameter of the reaming rod body (301) is consistent with the outer diameter of the drilling rod body (101).
5. The variable-aperture drill rod for underground engineering rock and soil body drilling according to claim 4, wherein the first reaming drill bit (5) comprises a first cutter head (501), a plurality of first cutter heads (502) are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the front end face of the first cutter head (501), a drill shaft (503) is arranged in the middle of the first cutter head (501), an internal thread butt joint hole (504) is formed in the drill shaft (503), the front end of the internal thread butt joint hole (504) of the drill shaft (503) is connected with first external threads (103) of a first connector (102) at the tail end of a drilling rod body (101), and the rear end of the internal thread butt joint hole is connected with second external threads (303) of a second connector (302) at the front end of the reaming rod body (301).
6. The variable-bore drill rod for drilling underground engineering rock and soil bodies according to claim 5, wherein the reaming sleeve rod (4) comprises a reaming sleeve rod body (401), an inner sleeve hole (402) is penetrated in the reaming sleeve rod body (401), and an inner thread assembly hole (403) is formed in the front end of the inner sleeve hole (402).
7. The variable-aperture drill rod for drilling of underground engineering rock and soil bodies according to claim 6, wherein the second reaming bit (9) comprises a second cutter head (901), the outer circumference of the front end surface of the second cutter head (901) is provided with a plurality of second cutterhead (902), the middle part of the rear end surface of the second cutter head (901) is provided with a connecting cylinder (903), the outer wall of the connecting cylinder (903) is provided with an assembled external thread (904), central through holes (905) are penetrated in the second cutter head (901) and the connecting cylinder (903), the assembled external thread (904) of the second reaming bit (9) is connected with the inner thread assembling holes (403) of the reaming sleeve rod (4), and the reaming rod (1) penetrates into the inner sleeve holes (402) of the reaming sleeve rod body (401) from the central through holes (905).
8. The variable-aperture drill rod for underground engineering rock-soil body drilling according to claim 7, wherein the outer supporting component (7) comprises a ball bearing (701), the ball bearing (701) is sleeved on the outer wall of the drilling rod body (101) or the outer wall of the reaming rod body (301), a plastic sleeve (702) is sleeved outside the ball bearing (701), and a plurality of supporting feet (703) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the outer wall of the plastic sleeve (702).
9. The method for drilling a variable-bore drill pipe for drilling a rock-soil body of an underground works according to claim 8, wherein,
when the rear end of the drilling rod (1) is connected with the hole expanding rod (3), the concrete steps are as follows:
s1, hole site measurement and drill rod assembly;
s2, positioning a drilling machine;
s3, starting a variable-aperture drill rod;
s4, pressing water in the pore canal;
s5, synchronously starting a drilling rod (1) and a reaming rod (3), and drilling and propelling;
s6, reaming is started;
s7, drilling is completed;
s8, cleaning a drilling hole;
when the rear end of the drilling rod (1) is connected with the reaming sleeve rod (4), the concrete steps are as follows:
p1, hole site measurement and drill rod assembly;
p2, positioning a drilling machine;
p3, starting a variable-aperture drill rod;
p4, pressing water in a pore canal;
p5, starting a drilling rod (1), and drilling and propelling;
p6, starting a reaming sleeve rod (4), and starting reaming;
p7, the drilling rod (1) and the reaming sleeve rod (4) run simultaneously;
p8, drilling is completed;
p9, cleaning the drilled hole.
10. The method for drilling a variable-bore drill pipe for drilling a rock-soil body of an underground works according to claim 9, wherein,
when the rear end of the drilling rod (1) is connected with the reaming rod (3), the drilling bit (2), the first reaming bit (5), the drilling rod (1) and the reaming rod (3) are integrated, after the electric equipment is started, the drilling rod (1) and the reaming rod (3) start to rotate, the drilling bit (2) and the first reaming bit (5) start to drill at the same time, the drilling bit (2) starts to drill at first, and when the length of the drilling bit (2) away from the bottom of a drill hole is equal to the length of a reaming section, the first reaming bit (5) reaches a drilling hole opening, and at the moment, the two bits work at the same time until the designed depth is reached;
when reaming loop bar (4) is connected to drilling pole (1) rear end, drilling pole (1) and reaming loop bar (4) are two sets of independent control system, and after the electronic equipment starts, at first start drilling pole (1), and drilling bit (2) begin to bore to establish this moment, and reaming loop bar (4) are not started once, wait that drilling bit (2) are equal to the length of reaming section apart from the length of drilling bottom, and second reaming bit (9) reach the drilling drill way, start reaming loop bar (4) this moment, and drilling pole (1) and reaming loop bar (4) are operated simultaneously until boring to the design degree of depth.
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| CN202310973088.4A CN116677322B (en) | 2023-08-04 | 2023-08-04 | Variable-aperture drill rod for underground engineering rock-soil body drilling and drilling method |
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| CN1523197A (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-08-25 | 陆观宏 | Drill expanding aiguille of anchor shaft, anchor cable, stake and drill expanding technology |
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| CN116677322B (en) | 2023-11-10 |
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