CN116676921B - Spreading method and spreading equipment for revetment in ultra-deep dynamic water area - Google Patents
Spreading method and spreading equipment for revetment in ultra-deep dynamic water area Download PDFInfo
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- CN116676921B CN116676921B CN202310720593.8A CN202310720593A CN116676921B CN 116676921 B CN116676921 B CN 116676921B CN 202310720593 A CN202310720593 A CN 202310720593A CN 116676921 B CN116676921 B CN 116676921B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/10—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of cranes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/121—Devices for applying linings on banks or the water bottom
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/128—Coherent linings made on the spot, e.g. cast in situ, extruded on the spot
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater construction, in particular to a spreading method and spreading equipment for revetment in an ultra-deep dynamic water area. The paving method comprises the following steps: placing building materials on a paving plate of a paving boat, wherein in the construction process, one end of the paving plate, which is close to the bank, is inclined downwards, and the inclination angle of the paving plate is gradually increased along with the distance of the paving boat, which is far away from the bank; and as the distance increases, the rate of the tilt angle proceeds in a trend of increasing, then decreasing, and then gradually increasing. The invention ensures that the end of the paving plate is kept in a state close to the bank slope, is beneficial to paving building materials, avoids the deflection of the building materials, and further improves the construction quality and efficiency of underwater bank protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater construction, in particular to a spreading method and spreading equipment for revetment in an ultra-deep dynamic water area.
Background
The revetment engineering is a protection engineering facility for preventing disasters such as river side erosion, collapse of the shore caused by local scouring of river channels, and the like, and enabling a main streamline to deviate from a brushed section. The protective measures are generally as follows: directly reinforcing a bank slope, and planting trees and grass on the bank slope; or the construction of riprap and masonry revetment.
The stone throwing is a construction method for reinforcing the underwater revetment, and ship cooperation construction is generally required for underwater construction to form the underwater revetment. The domestic traditional underwater shore protection construction technology comprises the processes of casting and filling block stones or broken stones on a ship, sinking gabion, submerged irrigation method construction mould bag concrete and the like. When the water depth of the construction water area is below 10 meters, underwater shore protection construction is carried out through stone throwing of the ship, and the stone throwing construction of divers is needed, so that the underwater shore protection with reliable quality is formed; when the water depth of the construction water area is more than 15 meters, the construction water area belongs to the ultra-deep water area, and the slope of the rubble under water is in a non-uniform 'water drop' shape due to the influence of water pressure and water flow at the bottom of the ultra-deep water area, so that the quality of underwater revetment is difficult to control.
Accordingly, prior art CN114789775a discloses a revetment paving apparatus for ultra-deep dynamic water zone, comprising: two ship bodies, wherein the two ship bodies are arranged side by side; the connecting devices are fixedly connected with the two ship bodies respectively; the spreading plate is used for sinking the building material into water to spread the underwater revetment, and the spreading plate is positioned between the two ship bodies and hinged with the two ship bodies respectively; the construction platform is used for sinking building materials into water in cooperation with the spreading plate, the construction platform is fixed between the two ship bodies, and the construction platform and the spreading plate are sequentially arranged between the two ship bodies; the lifting device is arranged on the ship body and connected with the paving plate and is used for lifting or sinking the paving plate; the anchoring displacement device is arranged at the bow and the stern of the two ship bodies and used for controlling the two ship bodies to move when the underwater shore protection is constructed; and the control device is respectively connected with the lifting device and the anchoring displacement device. According to the paving equipment, the paving plates connected between the two ships are utilized, the lifting device is utilized to drive the paving plates to incline, the ends of the paving plates are close to the revetment, and then building materials are regularly and orderly sunk into water and attached to the slope, so that the construction efficiency can be effectively improved on one hand, on the other hand, the sinking position of the building materials is accurate, and the revetment with reliable quality is formed.
But in the work progress, when the shore protection is wider, need many times construction to accomplish, in the work progress, the boats and ships need remove from the shore to keep away from the shore, and the spread board will building material deep into water simultaneously, and boats and ships travel speed and direction control inaccuracy will lead to building material to sink into the position inaccuracy, and then influence the shore protection quality.
Therefore, even though the underwater revetment construction problem of the ultra-deep dynamic water area can be overcome to a certain extent through the novel equipment, the cooperative operation of the ship and the paving plate is still required to realize the high-quality underwater revetment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a paving method and paving equipment for the ultra-deep dynamic water zone shore protection, and the construction quality and the construction efficiency of the ultra-deep dynamic water zone underwater shore protection are improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a spreading method for revetments in ultra-deep dynamic water areas comprises the following steps: placing building materials on a paving plate of a paving boat, wherein in the construction process, one end of the paving plate, which is close to the bank, is inclined downwards, and the inclination angle of the paving plate is gradually increased along with the distance of the paving boat, which is far away from the bank; and as the distance increases, the rate of the tilt angle proceeds in a trend of increasing, then decreasing, and then gradually increasing.
Further, the distance between the ship and the shore is set as S, and a threshold S is set at the same time 1 、S 2 、S 3 And S is 1 ＜S 2 ＜S 3 ，
When S is more than 0 and less than or equal to S 1 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 1 ，
When S is 1 ＜S≤S 2 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 2 ，
When S is 2 ＜S≤S 3 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 3 ，
When S is 3 When < S, the increase rate of the inclination angle is alpha 4 And alpha is 1 <α 2 <α 3 <α 4 。
Further, alpha 1 From 0.9 to 1.1 DEG/m alpha 2 From 0.35 to 0.45 DEG/m alpha 3 From 0.55 DEG/m to 0.65 DEG/m, alpha 4 From 0.75 to 0.85 DEG/m.
Further, the gradient of the underwater broken surface is 17-25 degrees.
Further, the bow direction of the spreading ship is close to the shore, the spreading plate is hinged to the stern of the spreading ship, and the spreading plate is inclined downwards along the hinge shaft.
Further, the building material is mould bag concrete, and the length L of the mould bag concrete is 13-18 m.
Further, when one section of the mould bag concrete is paved, namely after the paving length is equal to the multiple of the mould bag concrete, the paving ship stops, the next section of mould bag concrete is poured, and the paving plate is kept in an inclined state with a fixed angle while pouring.
Further, setting the paving length as N, and calculating the difference delta N according to a formula:
ΔN＝N-n×L
wherein, N is selected to ensure that delta N satisfies the range of 0-delta N < L, and N is a positive integer;
and set a threshold value delta N 1 And DeltaN 1 Satisfy 0.ltoreq.DeltaN 1 < L, determining ΔN and ΔN 1 Size of the material;
when DeltaN is less than or equal to DeltaN 1 When the paving boat moves at a constant speed;
when DeltaN > DeltaN 1 At the time, the paver is decelerated and moved, and the deceleration a is:
further, before the construction is started, stopping the spreading ship at the bank of the construction water area, and positioning the spreading ship; a shore anchor is arranged at the bow of the spreading ship, a water anchor is arranged at the stern of the spreading ship, and the spreading ship is positioned by the shore anchor and the water anchor.
Further, at least two shore anchors are arranged at the bow position of the spreading ship, and the direction of the spreading ship is controlled by the length of a cable of each shore anchor.
The invention also provides a spreading device for the revetment of the ultra-deep dynamic water zone, which adopts the spreading method for the revetment of the ultra-deep dynamic water zone, and comprises the following steps:
two ship bodies which are arranged side by side;
the connecting devices are fixedly connected with the two ship bodies respectively;
the spreading plate is positioned between the two ship bodies and hinged with the two ship bodies respectively;
at least one lifting device arranged on the ship body and connected with the spreading plate for lifting or sinking the spreading plate;
and the control device is used for controlling the movement of the ship body.
Further, the connecting device comprises a hinged beam and at least one connecting frame; the hinged beam is connected between two ship bodies, and the two ship bodies are hinged with the paving plate through the hinged beam; the connecting frame is connected with the two ship bodies, and the connecting frame is positioned above the paving plate.
Still further, the connection frame includes a connection beam erected between two ship bodies.
Still further, the hoisting device comprises a hoist mounted on the two hulls, a pulley assembly comprising two first hanging wheels mounted on the connecting beam and two second hanging wheels mounted on the spreading plate, and a rope correspondingly connected between the hoist, the first hanging wheels and the second hanging wheels.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the paving method for the revetment of the ultra-deep dynamic water area, provided by the invention, the corresponding relation between the moving speed of the paving ship and the inclination angle of the paving plate is controlled, and the paving plate is quickly inclined in the early construction period, so that the building material can be quickly in a sunk state; in the subsequent construction process, as the ship body is far away from the bank, the inclination angle of the spreading plate is gradually increased, so that the end head of the spreading plate is kept in a state close to the bank slope, the spreading of building materials is facilitated, the deviation of the building materials is avoided, and the construction quality and the construction efficiency of underwater bank protection are improved.
According to the paving method for the ultra-deep dynamic water area revetment, disclosed by the invention, for a construction project with wider underwater revetment, in the paving process, the die bag concrete is utilized for paving, so that the underwater revetment with reliable quality can be formed. Meanwhile, after the concrete construction of each section of mould bags is finished, the paving plate is kept in an inclined state, so that the construction efficiency is greatly improved; and the moving speed of the ship body is accurate, so that the stopping position of the ship body is accurately controlled, the connection between each section of mould bag concrete is reliable, and the construction quality of the revetment is improved.
According to the underwater shore protection device, the plurality of shore anchors and the water anchors are arranged to fix the ship body, so that stable and reliable construction positions are ensured, and the moving direction of the ship body is controlled by controlling the lengths of the mooring ropes of the shore anchors and the water anchors, so that the underwater shore protection device is beneficial to underwater preparation of the underwater shore protection with reliable quality and precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the paving apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the paving apparatus of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. the ship comprises a ship body, 2, a connecting device, 3, a hinged beam, 4, a connecting frame, 41, a connecting beam, 42 and a supporting device; 5. spreading board, 6, hoisting device, 61, rope, 62, pulley assembly, 621, first hanging wheel, 622, second hanging wheel, 7, first anchor, 8, second anchor, 9, construction platform.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that the dimensions of the various elements shown in the figures are not necessarily drawn to actual scale, e.g., the thickness, width, length, or distance of some elements may be exaggerated relative to other structures for ease of description.
The following description of the exemplary embodiment(s) is merely illustrative, and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail herein, but where applicable, should be considered part of the present specification.
Example 1
The invention provides a spreading method for revetment in ultra-deep dynamic water area, which comprises the steps of firstly, stopping a spreading ship at the shore of a construction water area before construction starts, and positioning the spreading ship; the bow of the spreading ship is close to the shore, the stern of the spreading ship is far away from the shore, and the spreading ship is perpendicular to the river (or water flow) direction. A shore anchor is arranged at the bow position of the spreading ship, and a water anchor is arranged at the stern position of the spreading ship; positioning the paving ship by using the shore anchors and the water anchors.
At least two shore anchors are arranged at the bow of the spreading ship, and the direction of the spreading ship is controlled by the length of a mooring rope of the shore anchors. That is, when one side anchor is loosened, the stern of the hull deviates toward the other side anchor, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the moving direction of the spreading ship.
After the spreading boat is fixed, building materials are placed on a spreading plate of the spreading boat, the building materials are mould bag concrete in the embodiment, mould bags on the spreading plate are firstly spread on the spreading boat and the bank, and one end of the mould bag cloth is fixed on the bank; filling concrete into the mould bag cloth to form mould bag concrete, driving the spreading ship to move away from the shore, sinking the mould bag concrete on the spreading board into water, and spreading the surface.
Before construction, the paving plate is in a horizontal state, and in the construction process, one end of the paving plate, which is close to the shore, is inclined downwards, and the inclination angle of the paving plate is gradually increased along with the distance of the paving ship, which is far away from the shore; and as the distance increases, the rate of the tilt angle proceeds in a trend of increasing, then decreasing, and then gradually increasing. Wherein, the inclination angle of the spreading board refers to the included angle between the surface of the spreading board and the horizontal plane.
Specifically, the real-time distance between the ship and the shore is set as S, and a threshold S is set at the same time 1 、S 2 、S 3 And S is 1 ＜S 2 ＜S 3 Specifically S 1 Is 5 m, S 2 Is 10 m, S 3 Is 30 meters.
When S is more than 0 and less than or equal to S 1 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 1 ，
When S is 1 ＜S≤S 2 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 2 ，
When S is 2 ＜S≤S 3 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 3 ，
When S is 3 When < S, the increase rate of the inclination angle is alpha 4 And alpha is 1 <α 2 <α 3 <α 4 。
Further, alpha 1 From 0.9 to 1.1 DEG/m alpha 2 From 0.35 to 0.45 DEG/m alpha 3 From 0.55 DEG/m to 0.65 DEG/m, alpha 4 From 0.75 to 0.85 DEG/m. Preferably, alpha 1 1 DEG/m alpha 2 0.4 DEG/m alpha 3 0.6 DEG/m alpha 4 Is 0.8Degree/m.
In this embodiment, the gradient of the underwater slope is 20 °. The slope of an underwater slope refers to the angle between the slope and the horizontal plane. Before paving the mould bag concrete, leveling broken surfaces, throwing stones to the underwater by using a stone throwing ship in a construction water area, and then throwing broken stones on the stone throwing surface for leveling the underwater slope of the construction water area so as to smoothly paving the mould bag concrete on the underwater slope.
The direction of the bow of the spreading ship is close to the shore, the spreading plate is hinged to the stern of the spreading ship, and the spreading plate is inclined downwards along the hinge shaft. Specifically, the paving plate is inclined downwards by a lifting device, so that building materials on the paving plate are sunk into water. The building material is form-bag concrete, the length L of which is typically 13-18 meters. In this embodiment, the length of the molding concrete is 15 meters, and in the case of a wider construction water area, for example, 50 meters, a plurality of molding concrete needs to be submerged in relay to finish the construction of a slope, so that a spreading ship needs to be moved, building materials are submerged, the spreading ship is stopped, and new molding concrete is poured, and the circulating deposition is performed until the construction of the slope is completed. And carrying out next slope construction in the direction of replacement.
When one section of the mould bag concrete is paved, namely the paving length is equal to the multiple of the mould bag concrete, the paving ship stops, the next section of mould bag concrete is poured, and the paving plate keeps an inclined state with a fixed angle while pouring. Wherein the paving length is the total length of the mould bag concrete paving on the slope.
Setting the paving length as N, and calculating a difference delta N according to a formula:
ΔN＝N-n×L
wherein, N is selected to ensure that delta N satisfies the range of 0-delta N < L, and N is a positive integer;
and set a threshold value delta N 1 And DeltaN 1 Satisfy 0.ltoreq.DeltaN 1 < L, determining ΔN and ΔN 1 Size of the material;
when DeltaN is less than or equal to DeltaN 1 When the paving boat moves at a constant speed;
when DeltaN > DeltaN 1 At the moment, the paver is decelerated and moved, and the deceleration a is：
Example two
The invention provides a spreading method for revetment in ultra-deep dynamic water area, which comprises the steps of firstly, stopping a spreading ship at the shore of a construction water area before construction starts, and positioning the spreading ship; the bow of the spreading ship is close to the shore, the stern of the spreading ship is far away from the shore, and the spreading ship is perpendicular to the river (or water flow) direction. A shore anchor is arranged at the bow position of the spreading ship, and a water anchor is arranged at the stern position of the spreading ship; positioning the paving ship by using the shore anchors and the water anchors.
At least two shore anchors are arranged at the bow of the spreading ship, and the direction of the spreading ship is controlled by the length of a mooring rope of the shore anchors. That is, when one side anchor is loosened, the stern of the hull deviates toward the other side anchor, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the moving direction of the spreading ship.
After the spreading boat is fixed, building materials are placed on a spreading plate of the spreading boat, the building materials are mould bag concrete in the embodiment, mould bags on the spreading plate are firstly spread on the spreading boat and the bank, and one end of the mould bag cloth is fixed on the bank; filling concrete into the mould bag cloth to form mould bag concrete, driving the spreading ship to move away from the shore, sinking the mould bag concrete on the spreading board into water, and spreading the surface.
Before construction, the paving plate is in a horizontal state, and in the construction process, one end of the paving plate, which is close to the shore, is inclined downwards, and the inclination angle of the paving plate is gradually increased along with the distance of the paving ship, which is far away from the shore; and as the distance increases, the rate of the tilt angle proceeds in a trend of increasing, then decreasing, and then gradually increasing. Wherein, the inclination angle of the spreading board refers to the included angle between the surface of the spreading board and the horizontal plane.
Specifically, the real-time distance between the ship and the shore is set as S, and a threshold S is set at the same time 1 、S 2 、S 3 And (2) andS 1 ＜S 2 ＜S 3 specifically S 1 8 m, S 2 15 m, S 3 40 meters.
When S is more than 0 and less than or equal to S 1 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 1 ，
When S is 1 ＜S≤S 2 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 2 ，
When S is 2 ＜S≤S 3 At the time of the increase of the inclination angle alpha 3 ，
When S is 3 When < S, the increase rate of the inclination angle is alpha 4 And alpha is 1 <α 2 <α 3 <α 4 。
Further, alpha 1 From 0.9 to 1.1 DEG/m alpha 2 From 0.35 to 0.45 DEG/m alpha 3 From 0.55 DEG/m to 0.65 DEG/m, alpha 4 From 0.75 to 0.85 DEG/m. Preferably, alpha 1 0.9 DEG/m alpha 2 0.38 DEG/m alpha 3 0.58 DEG/m alpha 4 0.8 DEG/m.
In this embodiment, the gradient of the underwater slope is 18 °. The slope of an underwater slope refers to the angle between the slope and the horizontal plane. Before paving the mould bag concrete, leveling broken surfaces, throwing stones to the underwater by using a stone throwing ship in a construction water area, and then throwing broken stones on the stone throwing surface for leveling the underwater slope of the construction water area so as to smoothly paving the mould bag concrete on the underwater slope.
The direction of the bow of the spreading ship is close to the shore, the spreading plate is hinged to the stern of the spreading ship, and the spreading plate is inclined downwards along the hinge shaft. Specifically, the paving plate is inclined downwards by a lifting device, so that building materials on the paving plate are sunk into water. The building material is form-bag concrete, the length L of which is typically 13-18 meters. In this embodiment, the length of the molding concrete is 15 meters, and in the case of a wider construction water area, for example, 50 meters, a plurality of molding concrete needs to be submerged in relay to finish the construction of a slope, so that a spreading ship needs to be moved, building materials are submerged, the spreading ship is stopped, and new molding concrete is poured, and the circulating deposition is performed until the construction of the slope is completed. And carrying out next slope construction in the direction of replacement.
When one section of the mould bag concrete is paved, namely the paving length is equal to the multiple of the mould bag concrete, the paving ship stops, the next section of mould bag concrete is poured, and the paving plate keeps an inclined state with a fixed angle while pouring. Wherein the paving length is the total length of the mould bag concrete paving on the slope.
Setting the paving length as N, and calculating a difference delta N according to a formula:
ΔN＝N-n×L
wherein, N is selected to ensure that delta N satisfies the range of 0-delta N < L, and N is a positive integer;
and set a threshold value delta N 1 And DeltaN 1 Satisfy 0.ltoreq.DeltaN 1 < L, determining ΔN and ΔN 1 Size of the material;
when DeltaN is less than or equal to DeltaN 1 When the paving boat moves at a constant speed;
when DeltaN > DeltaN 1 At the time, the paver is decelerated and moved, and the deceleration a is:
example III
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention further provides a spreading device for revetment in a ultra-deep moving water zone, and the spreading method for revetment in a ultra-deep moving water zone provided in the first embodiment or the second embodiment includes two ship bodies 1, where the two ship bodies 1 are arranged side by side; the device also comprises a connecting device 2, a spreading plate 5, at least one lifting device 6 and a control device, wherein the connecting device 2 is fixedly connected with the two ship bodies 1 respectively, so that the two ship bodies 1 and the connecting device 2 form a fixed whole; the spreading plate 5 is positioned between the two ship bodies 1 and hinged with the two ship bodies 1 respectively; the lifting device 6 is arranged on the ship body and connected with the spreading plate 5, and the lifting device 6 is used for lifting or sinking the spreading plate 5; the control device is used for controlling the ship body to move.
The connecting device 2 comprises a hinged beam 3 and two connecting frames 4; the hinged beams 3 are connected between the two ship bodies 1, the two ship bodies 1 are hinged with the paving plates 5 through the hinged beams 3, and the paving plates 5 are rotatably connected with the hinged beams 3 so that the paving plates 5 rotate relative to the two ship bodies 1 by taking the hinged beams 3 as the center; the connecting frame 4 is connected with two ship bodies 1, and the connecting frame 4 is positioned above the spreading plate 5. One connecting frame 4 is positioned in the middle of the two ship bodies 1, and the other connecting frame 4 is positioned at the bow of the two ship bodies 1.
The connection frame 4 comprises a connection beam 41 and two sets of support means 42 erected between the two hulls 1. The two sets of supporting devices 42 are respectively fixed on the two ship bodies 1, and the two sets of supporting devices 42 are respectively fixedly connected with two ends of the connecting beam 41 so as to support the connecting beam 41, so that the connecting beam 41 fixedly connects the two ship bodies through the two sets of supporting devices 42.
The hoisting device 6 comprises a winch, a pulley assembly 62 and a rope 61 which are respectively arranged on the two ship bodies, wherein the winch is arranged on the ship body 1 and connected with the control device so that the control device can control the winch; each pulley assembly 62 comprises two first hanging wheels 621 and two second hanging wheels 622, the two second hanging wheels 622 are arranged on two sides of the spreading board 5, the two first hanging wheels 621 are arranged on the connecting beams 41, the two first hanging wheels 621 are located above the corresponding two second hanging wheels 622, the rope 61 is correspondingly connected between the winch and the two first hanging wheels 621 and the two second hanging wheels 622, namely one rope 61 is wound and connected between the winch, the first hanging wheels 621 and the second hanging wheels 622, and the other rope 61 is wound and connected between the winch, the other first hanging wheels 621 and the other second hanging wheels 622, so that the winch can hoist or sink the spreading board 5 through the rope 61, the first hanging wheels 621 and the second hanging wheels 622.
When the lifting device 6 lifts up the spreading plate 5, the resistance brought by the spreading plate 5 is reduced so as to improve the moving speed of the spreading equipment; when the lifting device 6 is to sink the spreader 5, the spreader 5 is rotated relative to the two hulls 1 such that one end of the spreader 5 is submerged in water and the other end is located between the two hulls 1 to facilitate the submerged of building material through the spreader 5.
Meanwhile, a first fixed anchor 7 (a shore anchor) is arranged at the bow position of the ship body 1, a second fixed anchor 8 (a water anchor) is arranged at the stern position of the ship body 1, the first fixed anchor 7 is fixedly connected to the shore of a construction water area, the second fixed anchor 8 stretches into water and is fixed on a slope outside the construction water area, so that the bow of the spreading ship faces the shore, and the spreading ship is perpendicular to the water flow direction; of course, the second anchor 8 may be fixed to the bank corresponding to the first anchor 7 such that the first anchor 7 and the second anchor 8 are fixed to both banks of the construction water area, respectively. The control device is respectively connected with the first fixed anchor 7 and the second fixed anchor 8 and is used for controlling the distance between the spreading ship and the anchor head of the first fixed anchor 7 and the distance between the spreading ship and the anchor head of the second fixed anchor 8, so that the spreading ship is controlled to move between the anchor head of the first fixed anchor 7 and the anchor head of the second fixed anchor 8, and the spreading ship is driven to move.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the paving equipment is driven into a construction water area, namely, the two ship bodies 1 are driven into the construction water area, the moving direction of the two ship bodies 1 is determined, the paving plates 5 are sunk through the lifting devices 6, and building materials are sunk into water on the construction platform 9 through the paving plates 5 and are attached to an underwater slope surface, so that an underwater revetment is formed.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for spreading the revetment in the ultra-deep dynamic water area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: placing building materials on a paving plate of a paving boat, wherein in the construction process, one end of the paving plate, which is close to the bank, is inclined downwards, and the inclination angle of the paving plate is gradually increased along with the distance of the paving boat, which is far away from the bank; and with the increase of the distance, the increasing rate of the inclination angle is carried out according to the trend of increasing, decreasing and then gradually increasing;
setting the distance between the ship and the shore as S, and simultaneously setting a threshold S 1 、S 2 、S 3 And S is 1 ＜S 2 ＜S 3 ，
When S is more than 0 and less than or equal to S 1 At the time, the increasing rate of the inclination angle is，
When S is 1 ＜S≤S 2 At the time, the increasing rate of the inclination angle is，
When S is 2 ＜S≤S 3 At the time, the increasing rate of the inclination angle is，
When S is 3 When < S, the increase rate of the inclination angle is，
0.9 DEG/m to 1.1 DEG/m,/for the case of +>0.35 DEG/m to 0.45 DEG/m,/for the case of +>0.55 DEG/m to 0.65 DEG/m,/for the case of +>From 0.75 to 0.85 DEG/m.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the slope of the underwater slope of the ultra-deep dynamic water zone is 17 ° -25 °.
3. The method for spreading a revetment in an ultra-deep dynamic water zone according to claim 1, wherein the direction of the bow of the spreading ship is close to the shore, the spreading plate is hinged to the stern of the spreading ship, and the spreading plate is inclined downward along the hinge axis.
4. The method for revetment in ultra-deep dynamic water zone according to claim 1, wherein the building material is form-bag concrete, and the form-bag concrete has a length L of 13 to 18 m.
5. The method for spreading the revetment in the ultra-deep dynamic water area according to claim 4, wherein after the spreading of the concrete in one section of the molding bag is completed, that is, the spreading length is equal to the multiple of the concrete in the molding bag, the spreading ship is stopped, the concrete in the next section of the molding bag is poured, and the spreading board is kept in an inclined state with a fixed angle while the pouring is performed.
6. The method for revetment in ultra-deep dynamic water zone according to claim 5, wherein the paving length is set to N, and the difference Δn is calculated according to a formula:
wherein n is selected to ensureMeets 0.ltoreq.L->A range of < L, and n is a positive integer;
and set a threshold valueAnd->Meets 0.ltoreq.L->< L, judge->And->Size of the material;
when (when)When the paving boat moves at a constant speed;
when (when)At this time, the paver is decelerating and moving, and the deceleration +.>The method comprises the following steps:
7. the method for revetment in ultra-deep dynamic water area according to claim 1, wherein the spreading boat is stopped at the shore of the construction water area and positioned before the construction is started; a shore anchor is arranged at the bow of the spreading ship, a water anchor is arranged at the stern of the spreading ship, and the spreading ship is positioned by the shore anchor and the water anchor.
8. The method for revetment paving in ultra-deep dynamic water zone according to claim 7, wherein at least two shore anchors are provided at the bow of the paving vessel, and the direction of the paving vessel is controlled by the cable length of the shore anchors.
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| CN116676921A (en) | 2023-09-01 |
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