CN116676511A - High specific modulus aluminum alloy plate and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High specific modulus aluminum alloy plate and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910021365 Al-Mg-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017818 Cu—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019064 Mg-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019406 Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018594 Si-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008465 Si—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate which contains Al and unavoidable impurities and further contains the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: li:1.50 to 3.00 percent of Mg:0.60 to 0.80 percent, si:0.30 to 0.40 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.15 percent. Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the following steps: (1) Smelting and casting raw materials by adopting a vacuum smelting furnace: in the smelting process, inert gas is introduced into the melt for degassing and refining treatment, after refining, the melt is kept stand at 720-740 ℃, and then cast and formed to obtain cast ingots; (2) The cast ingot is directly heated and hot rolled after surface milling without homogenization treatment; (3) Carrying out single-stage solid solution treatment, and after the solid solution treatment is finished, cooling to room temperature by water; wherein the single-stage solid solution temperature is 520-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h; (4) cold rolling; (5) isothermal aging treatment to obtain a finished aluminum alloy plate: the isothermal aging treatment temperature is 180-185 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 10-12 h.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plate and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to an aluminum alloy plate and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
In recent years, aluminum alloys have been widely used in the fields of aerospace, rail transit, architectural decoration, and the like as a lightweight high-strength material.
Currently, with the continuous development and progress of the manufacturing industry, the market has put higher demands on the performance of aluminum alloy materials, and one of the demands is to increase the elastic modulus of the aluminum alloy materials. Under the condition of equivalent strength, the elastic modulus or specific modulus of the material is improved, which is favorable for realizing the light weight of the structure, thereby achieving the aims of weight reduction and synergy.
In the common aluminum alloy materials, the specific modulus of the 7-series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy is generally lower than 25GPa cm 3 The specific modulus of the Al-Mg-Si or Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy of the 6 system is 25-26GPa cm 3 The specific modulus of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy of the system 2 is 26-27 GPa cm 3 /g。
Therefore, in order to further increase the specific modulus of aluminum alloys, to meet manufacturing requirements, it is necessary to change the aluminum alloy composition design to create new aluminum lithium alloys. Therefore, the invention takes the 6-series Al-Mg-Si alloy as a base alloy of a novel aluminum-lithium alloy, and optimizes the alloy composition thereof so as to obtain an aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate which adopts reasonable chemical composition design and has the characteristics of low density and high elastic modulus, so that higher specific modulus can be obtained. By utilizing the aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus, structural parts with high rigidity requirements can be effectively prepared, so that the light weight of the structure is realized, and the aims of weight reduction and synergy are fulfilled.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet material containing Al and unavoidable impurities, and further containing the following chemical elements in mass percent:
Li：1.50～3.00％，Mg：0.60～0.80％，Si：0.30～0.40％，Zr：0.10～0.15％。
further, in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet material, the mass percentages of the chemical elements are as follows:
li:1.50 to 3.00 percent of Mg:0.60 to 0.80 percent, si:0.30 to 0.40 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.15 percent; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
In the invention, the inventor adopts a brand new and reasonable design on the design of chemical element components, and the novel Al-Li-Mg-Si four-component aluminum lithium alloy can be obtained by taking a low-alloyed 6-series Al-Mg-Si alloy as a basic alloy through greatly improving the addition amount of Li element and reducing the content of Mg and Si element. According to the invention, the high-content Li element is added, and the content of Mg and Si elements is controlled, so that on one hand, the density of the Al-Mg-Si alloy can be reduced, and on the other hand, the elastic modulus of the alloy can be improved, and finally, the aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus and excellent performance is prepared.
Specifically, in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet according to the present invention, the design principle of each chemical element is as follows:
mg, si: in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate, mg and Si are used as main alloy elements in 6-series aluminum alloy, and the main effect is that beta' metastable phase is separated out after solution aging heat treatment, so that the purpose of precipitation strengthening is achieved. Therefore, in order to exert the beneficial effects of Mg and Si, in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate, the mass percent of the Mg element is controlled to be between 0.60 and 0.80 percent, and the mass percent of the Si element is controlled to be between 0.30 and 0.40 percent.
Zr: in the high-specific-modulus aluminum alloy plate, zr element is a grain regulating element, and proper amount of Zr element is added to play a role in inhibiting recrystallization, so that the beneficial effect of the Zr element is exerted, and the mass percentage of the Zr element can be controlled between 0.10 and 0.15 percent.
Li: in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet material, li element is an essential element for reducing alloy density and improving alloy elastic modulus. The main function of Li element is to reduce alloy density, increase alloy elastic modulus, and precipitate delta metastable phase in aging treatment stage, to improve alloy specific modulus and strengthen alloy. Based on the above, in order to exert the beneficial effect of the Li element, in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet material, the mass percentage of the Li element is controlled to be 1.50-3.00%.
In the invention, the low-alloyed Al-Mg-Si alloy is used as a base alloy, and the high-content Li element (1.50-3.00%) is added into the Al-Mg-Si alloy, so that the Li content is greatly improved compared with the third-generation aluminum-lithium alloy used at present.
However, it should be noted that the increase of the Li content brings about two adverse effects, on the one hand, li is an active metal, which is easy to react with water vapor to generate hydrogen, so that the alloy has the problems of casting defects, hydrogen embrittlement and the like; on the other hand, li element can replace Mg in the long-time heating and heat preservation process 2 Mg atoms in the Si phase combine with the Si element to form poorly soluble compounds, which both cause loss of the main alloying element and adversely affect performance.
Therefore, after the adverse influence factors are analyzed, the invention adopts a vacuum smelting mode to carry out smelting and casting, and meanwhile, inert gas is utilized to protect and refine the melt, so that the hydrogen content in the alloy is reduced, the purity of the melt is ensured, the metallurgical defects are reduced, and the high-quality cast ingot is obtained. In addition, the invention adopts the low-alloyed Al-Mg-Si alloy, ensures that the alloy can be subjected to hot rolling deformation even without a homogenization heat treatment stage, thereby avoiding the loss of Li and Si elements, shortening the heat treatment process flow and reducing the cost.
In the invention, by adding high content of Li element, the alloy can precipitate delta' metastable phase with high modulus in the aging stage, and the elastic modulus can be improved while the alloy strength is improved. In addition, the addition of Li reduces the overall density of the alloy, so that an aluminum alloy sheet with a high specific modulus can be finally formed.
Of course, in some preferred embodiments, the mass percentage of Li element may be further controlled to be between 2.00 and 3.00% in order to obtain a more preferable implementation effect.
Further, in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet material, the mass percentage content of Li element further satisfies: li:2.00 to 3.00 percent.
Further, in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet material, the mass percentages of the chemical elements are as follows: li:2.7 to 2.8 percent, mg:0.65 to 0.77 percent, si:0.30 to 0.36 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.12 percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further, in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet according to the present invention, the microstructure thereof has precipitated delta' -Al 3 Li high modulus metastable phase.
Further, in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet according to the present invention, the density is 2.40 to 2.58g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is more than or equal to 81GPa, and the specific modulus is more than or equal to 31.40GPa cm 3 /g。
Accordingly, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy sheet with high specific modulus, which is optimized by the inventor, and has the advantages of simplified manufacturing process, simple process and low production cost, and can effectively manufacture the aluminum alloy sheet with high specific modulus.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet, comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting and casting raw materials by adopting a vacuum smelting furnace: in the smelting process, inert gas is introduced into the melt for degassing and refining treatment, after refining, the melt is kept stand at 720-740 ℃, and then cast and formed to obtain cast ingots;
(2) The cast ingot is directly heated and hot rolled after surface milling without homogenization treatment;
(3) Carrying out single-stage solid solution treatment, and after the solid solution treatment is finished, cooling to room temperature by water; wherein the single-stage solid solution temperature is 520-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
(4) Cold rolling;
(5) Isothermal aging treatment is carried out to obtain a finished aluminum alloy plate: the isothermal aging treatment temperature is 180-185 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 10-12 h.
In the present invention, li element is an essential element for reducing alloy density and improving alloy elastic modulus. Because the high-specific-film-content aluminum alloy plate is added with the Li element with higher content during design, the inventor purposefully optimizes the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy plate in order to avoid negative effects and adverse factors caused by the addition of the Li element.
In the preparation process, the invention adopts vacuum melting casting molding, optimally designs a novel thermomechanical treatment method, does not pass through a homogenization heat treatment stage, can directly carry out hot rolling deformation after surface milling of an ingot, and further carries out solution quenching, cold rolling and isothermal aging treatment to separate out delta' -Al 3 And the Li high-modulus metastable phase improves the elastic modulus and strength of the alloy. The aluminum alloy plate obtained by the preparation has low density, high modulus and high specific modulus, and has the advantages of simple heat treatment process, effective control of production cost and better economy due to simplified preparation process.
The invention uses vacuum smelting, and uses inert gas to protect and refine the melt, which can improve the metallurgical quality of the cast ingot. In addition, the aluminum alloy has lower overall alloying degree, can avoid homogenization heat treatment and shortens the process flow. Based on the design, the heat treatment process flow can be effectively shortened, the preparation flow is simplified, the heat treatment process is simpler, the production cost is effectively controlled, and the method has better economy.
In the step (1), the components are weighed according to the designed alloy component proportion, and aluminum, lithium, magnesium, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy are melted under the condition of vacuum and inert gas protection. For example: in certain preferred embodiments, the specific operation of vacuum + inert gas protection is: firstly vacuumizing, then heating up the molten metal, and introducing argon to reach 3000-4000 Pa, wherein the pressure depends on the saturated vapor pressure of Mg and Li, and the saturated vapor pressure of Mg and Li is 2000Pa below 800 ℃. The invention selects high inert gas pressure to protect the melt, can effectively reduce volatilization of Mg and Li, and ensures accurate proportion of alloy components.
Accordingly, in some preferred embodiments, during the smelting process, the smelting temperature may be controlled to be 700-750 ℃, argon is introduced into the melt for degassing and refining treatment for 5-10 min, after refining, the mixture is kept stand for about 3-5 min at 720-740 ℃, and then cast and formed to obtain cast ingots.
Further, in the production method of the present invention, in the step (1), an inert gas is introduced until the gas pressure reaches 3000 to 4000Pa.
Further, in the manufacturing method according to the present invention, in the step (1), the inert gas is argon.
Further, in the production method of the present invention, in the step (1), the melting temperature is 700 to 750 ℃.
Further, in the production method of the present invention, in the step (1), the time for the degassing refining treatment is 5 to 10 minutes.
Further, in the production method of the present invention, in the step (1), the time of standing at 720 to 740 ℃ is 3 to 5 minutes.
Further, in the manufacturing method according to the present invention, in step (1), the raw materials include: pure aluminum with purity more than or equal to 99.99%; pure magnesium with purity more than or equal to 99.95%; pure lithium with purity more than or equal to 99.9%; al-Si12 intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of Si element is 11.5-12.5%; al-Zr5 intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of Zr element is 4.8-5.2%.
Further, in the production method of the present invention, in the step (1), the raw materials other than pure lithium are preheated to a preheating temperature of 100 to 120 ℃ before smelting.
Further, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, in the step (1), the casting molding adopts a copper mold with a water-cooled base, and the copper mold is preheated at 120-150 ℃ before use.
Further, in the production method of the present invention, in the step (2), the hot rolling start temperature is 430 to 450 ℃, and the hot rolling deformation amount is 40 to 45%.
Further, in the manufacturing method according to the present invention, in the step (4), the cold rolling deformation amount is 50 to 55%.
Compared with the prior art, the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate and the manufacturing method thereof have the following advantages and beneficial effects:
in the invention, the inventor adopts reasonable chemical composition design and optimizes the manufacturing process, and can obtain a novel aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus by taking a low-alloyed Al-Mg-Si alloy as a base alloy. The density of the aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus is 2.40-2.58g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is more than or equal to 81GPa, and the specific modulus is more than or equal to 31.40GPa cm 3 And/g, which has the characteristics of low density, high elastic modulus and high specific modulus.
The invention adopts vacuum smelting casting during design, and optimally designs a novel thermomechanical treatment method, which adds high-content Li element into the low-alloyed Al-Mg-Si alloy, and can effectively shorten the heat treatment process flow by adjusting the alloy element Li for improving the modulus and controlling the content of Mg, si element and crystal grain control element Zr, and can effectively prepare the aluminum alloy plate with high modulus and high specific modulus by matching with the process conditions for regulating and controlling the thermomechanical process, the solid solution process, the cold rolling deformation process and the isothermal aging process.
In the preparation process, the invention adopts vacuum smelting casting molding, which can directly carry out hot rolling, solution quenching, cold rolling and isothermal aging treatment after milling the surface without homogenization heat treatment, and effectively separate out delta' -Al 3 And the Li high-modulus metastable phase improves the elastic modulus and strength of the alloy. The preparation process simplifies the preparation flow, and the heat treatment process is simpleThe production cost can be effectively controlled, and the method has better economy. Meanwhile, the aluminum alloy plate prepared in the way has the characteristics of low density, high modulus and high specific modulus.
The aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus can effectively prepare structural parts with high rigidity requirements, further realize light structure, achieve the aim of weight reduction and synergy, and have good popularization prospect and application value.
Detailed Description
The high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples, which, however, do not constitute an undue limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.
Examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3
Table 1 shows the mass percentages of the chemical elements in the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of examples 1 to 6.
Table 1 (wt.%), balance Al and other unavoidable impurities
The high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of examples 1-6 of the present invention were all prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting and casting raw materials by adopting a vacuum smelting furnace according to the mass percentages of chemical elements designed in the table 1:
firstly vacuumizing, then starting to heat up molten metal, and introducing argon until the air pressure reaches 3000-4000 Pa so as to achieve the protection condition of vacuum and inert gas; the raw materials comprise: pure aluminum with purity more than or equal to 99.99%; pure magnesium with purity more than or equal to 99.95%; pure lithium with purity more than or equal to 99.9%; al-Si12 intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of Si element is 11.5-12.5%; al-Zr5 intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of Zr element is 4.8-5.2%.
Before smelting, other raw materials except pure lithium are preheated, and the preheating temperature is controlled to be 100-120 ℃. In the smelting process, controlling the smelting temperature to be 700-750 ℃ for smelting, introducing argon into the melt for degassing and refining treatment for 5-10 min, standing for 3-5 min at 720-740 ℃ after refining is finished, and then casting and forming to obtain an ingot; wherein, the casting molding adopts a copper mold with a water-cooled base, and the copper mold is preheated for 2 hours at 120-150 ℃ before use.
(2) The cast ingot is directly heated and hot rolled without homogenization treatment after surface milling, the hot rolling start temperature is controlled to be 430-450 ℃, and the hot rolling deformation is controlled to be 40-45%.
(3) Carrying out single-stage solid solution treatment, and after the solid solution treatment is finished, cooling to room temperature by water; wherein the single-stage solid solution temperature is 520-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h.
(4) Cold rolling: the cold rolling deformation is controlled to be 50-55%.
(5) Isothermal aging treatment is carried out to obtain a finished aluminum alloy plate: the isothermal aging treatment temperature is 180-185 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 10-12 h.
In the invention, the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of examples 1 to 6 are prepared by the process flow of the steps (1) to (5), the chemical components and the related process parameters of the aluminum alloy sheets meet the control requirements of the design specifications of the invention, and the specific process flow of examples 1 to 6 is as follows:
example 1: the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass of Al-1.5% Li-0.67% Mg-0.32% Si-0.10% Zr. The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, al-Si12 alloy, al-Zr5 alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted and cast in a vacuum smelting furnace, and after the surface of an ingot is milled, hot rolling is carried out at 430 ℃, and the hot rolling deformation is 40%. The hot rolled sheet is subjected to single-stage solid solution temperature heat preservation at 520 ℃ for 1h, then water quenched to room temperature, then subjected to cold rolling deformation treatment, the deformation amount is 50%, the cold rolled sheet with the thickness of 3mm is obtained, and then subjected to aging treatment at 180 ℃ for 12h, so that a final finished product is obtained.
Example 2: the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass of Al-2.0% Li-0.72% Mg-0.30% Si-0.12% Zr. The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, al-Si12 alloy, al-Zr5 alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted and cast in a vacuum smelting furnace, and after the surface of an ingot is milled, hot rolling is carried out at 430 ℃, and the hot rolling deformation is 40%. The hot rolled sheet is subjected to single-stage solid solution temperature heat preservation at 520 ℃ for 1h, then water quenched to room temperature, then subjected to cold rolling deformation treatment, the deformation amount is 52%, the cold rolled sheet with the thickness of 3mm is obtained, and then subjected to aging treatment at 180 ℃ for 12h, so that a final finished product is obtained.
Example 3: the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass of Al-2.5% Li-0.75% Mg-0.35% Si-0.12% Zr. The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, al-Si12 alloy, al-Zr5 alloy and the like. The alloy smelting is carried out smelting and casting in a vacuum smelting furnace, the cast ingot is hot rolled at 440 ℃ after face milling, and the hot rolling deformation is 45%. The hot rolled sheet is subjected to single-stage solid solution temperature heat preservation at 530 ℃ for 2 hours, then water quenched to room temperature, then subjected to cold rolling deformation treatment, the deformation amount is 50%, the cold rolled sheet with the thickness of 3mm is obtained, and then subjected to aging treatment at 180 ℃ for 10 hours, so that a final finished product is obtained.
Example 4: the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass of Al-2.6% Li-0.61% Mg-0.33% Si-0.11% Zr. The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, al-Si12 alloy, al-Zr5 alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted and cast in a vacuum smelting furnace, and after the surface of an ingot is milled, hot rolling is carried out at 450 ℃, and the hot rolling deformation is 40%. The hot rolled sheet is subjected to single-stage solid solution temperature heat preservation at 520 ℃ for 1h, then water quenched to room temperature, then subjected to cold rolling deformation treatment, the deformation amount is 55%, the cold rolled sheet with the thickness of 3mm is obtained, and then subjected to aging treatment at 185 ℃ for 10h, so that a final finished product is obtained.
Example 5: the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass of Al-2.7% Li-0.73% Mg-0.32% Si-0.15% Zr. The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, al-Si12 alloy, al-Zr5 alloy and the like. Alloy smelting is carried out in a vacuum smelting furnace, casting ingot is hot rolled at 440 ℃ after face milling, and the hot rolling deformation is 42%. The hot rolled sheet is subjected to single-stage solid solution temperature heat preservation at 520 ℃ for 1h, then water quenched to room temperature, then subjected to cold rolling deformation treatment, the deformation amount is 50%, the cold rolled sheet with the thickness of 3mm is obtained, and then subjected to aging treatment at 180 ℃ for 12h, so that a final finished product is obtained.
Example 6: the high specific modulus aluminum alloy plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass of Al-2.8% Li-0.77% Mg-0.36% Si-0.12% Zr. The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, pure lithium, pure magnesium, al-Si12 alloy, al-Zr5 alloy and the like. The alloy smelting is carried out smelting and casting in a vacuum smelting furnace, the cast ingot is hot rolled at 440 ℃ after face milling, and the hot rolling deformation is 40%. The hot rolled sheet is subjected to single-stage solid solution temperature heat preservation at 530 ℃ for 2 hours, then water quenched to room temperature, then subjected to cold rolling deformation treatment, the deformation amount is 52%, the cold rolled sheet with the thickness of 3mm is obtained, and then subjected to aging treatment at 185 ℃ for 10 hours, so that a final finished product is obtained.
For ease of analysis, tables 2-1 and 2-2 set forth specific process parameters of the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of examples 1-6 in the flow of steps (1) - (5) of the above manufacturing method.
Table 2-1.
Table 2-2.
It should be noted that after the production of the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet material of the final products of examples 1 to 6, the inventors sampled the alloy sheet material of each example and observed the microstructure of the alloy sheet material of each example, and found that the microstructure of the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet material of each of examples 1 to 6 had precipitated δ' -Al 3 Li high modulus metastable phase.
To further demonstrate the excellent properties of the finished high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet of examples 1-6 prepared in accordance with the present invention, the inventors also enumerate three comparative examples, namely comparative examples 1-3.
Comparative example 1: a typical 1420 aluminum lithium alloy is adopted, the component of the alloy is Al-2.2Li-5.0Mg-0.1Zr, and raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, al-10Mn, al-4Zr alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted and cast in a vacuum smelting furnace, then hot rolled into a 5mm plate, solution heat treated, water quenched at room temperature and ageing treated at 145 ℃ for 48 hours.
Comparative example 2: a typical 2XXX 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy is adopted, the composition of the alloy is Al-3.8Cu-1.1Li-0.36Ag-0.36Mg-0.1Zr, and the raw materials are A00 pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, pure silver, al-50Cu, al-10Li, al-4Zr alloy and the like. And smelting and casting the metal by using a vacuum smelting furnace, then hot-rolling the metal into a 30mm plate, performing water quenching to room temperature after solution treatment of the alloy, and performing aging treatment for 32 hours at 145 ℃.
Comparative example 3: a typical 7085 alloy of 7XXX series is adopted, the composition of the alloy is Al-7.5Zn-1.5Mg-1.6Cu-0.2Zr, and raw materials are added in the forms of A00 pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, pure zinc, al-5Cu alloy, al-4Zr alloy and the like. Smelting metal by using an intermediate frequency resistance furnace, and pouring the melt into an iron mold at 720 ℃. Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the cast ingot at 450 ℃ for 24 hours, then hot extrusion molding is carried out, and aging treatment is carried out at 120 ℃ for 24 hours after solid solution water quenching is carried out to room temperature.
The high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of the final examples 1 to 6 and the comparative sheets of the comparative examples 1 to 3, which were obtained by the above-mentioned processes, were sampled, respectively, and further the density, elastic modulus and specific modulus of the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of the examples 1 to 6 and the comparative sheets of the comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested, and the obtained test results are shown in the following Table 3.
The relevant test means are as follows:
density testing: the density of the alloy was tested using a drainage method. Using a balance, beaker, water, string and metal block to be tested. Firstly, placing a metal block on a balance to weigh the mass m 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Adding proper amount of water into beaker, placing on balance, zeroing balance, fastening metal block with string, holding with hand to slightly submerge it in water to suspend it in water, water does not overflow, metal does not touch cup bottom, and balance shows mass of m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Density of alloyDegree ρ=ρ Water and its preparation method *m 1 /(m 1 -m 2 )，ρ Water and its preparation method ＝1g/cm 3 。
Elastic modulus test: elastic modulus of alloy method and requirement in GB/T22315-2008 metal material elastic modulus and Poisson ratio test method standard are implemented, and sample size is 80×30×3mm 3 Is a rectangular parallelepiped.
Specific modulus: specific modulus = elastic modulus/density.
Table 3 shows the results of the performance tests of the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of examples 1-6 and the comparative sheets of comparative examples 1-3.
Table 3.
As can be seen from the above Table 3, in the present invention, the density of the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of examples 1 to 6 is in the range of 2.40 to 2.58g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is between 81 and 86GPa, and the specific modulus is between 31.40 and 35.83GPa cm 3 Between/g, the materials have the characteristics of low density, high elastic modulus and high specific modulus.
While the performance of comparative examples 1-3 is significantly inferior to the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheets of examples 1-6, it can be seen by comparing the values of the performance parameters of examples and comparative examples: the elastic modulus and the specific modulus of the aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus prepared by the invention are all higher than those of the alloy of comparative examples 1-3.
According to the embodiment, through proper component design and optimized manufacturing process, the aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus can be obtained, the structural member with high rigidity requirement can be effectively prepared, and further, the structure is light, so that the purposes of weight reduction and synergy are achieved, and the aluminum alloy plate has good popularization prospect and application value.
It should be noted that the combination of the technical features in the present invention is not limited to the combination described in the claims or the combination described in the specific embodiments, and all the technical features described in the present invention may be freely combined or combined in any manner unless contradiction occurs between them.
It should also be noted that the above-recited embodiments are merely specific examples of the present invention. It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and similar changes or modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure, and it is intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. The aluminum alloy plate with high specific modulus is characterized by comprising Al and unavoidable impurities, and further comprising the following chemical elements in percentage by mass:
Li：1.50～3.00％，Mg：0.60～0.80％，Si：0.30～0.40％，Zr：0.10～0.15％。
2. the high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the chemical elements are:
li:1.50 to 3.00 percent of Mg:0.60 to 0.80 percent, si:0.30 to 0.40 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.15 percent; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. The high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass percentage content of Li element thereof further satisfies: li:2.00 to 3.00 percent.
4. A high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 3, wherein each of the chemical elements is in mass percent: li:2.7 to 2.8 percent, mg:0.65 to 0.77 percent, si:0.30 to 0.36 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.12 percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
5. High specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that its microstructure has precipitated δ' -Al 3 Li high modulus metastable phase.
6. The high specific modulus aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatThe density is 2.40-2.58g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is more than or equal to 81GPa, and the specific modulus is more than or equal to 31.40GPa cm 3 /g。
7. Method for manufacturing a high specific modulus aluminium alloy sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting and casting raw materials by adopting a vacuum smelting furnace: in the smelting process, inert gas is introduced into the melt for degassing and refining treatment, after refining, the melt is kept stand at 720-740 ℃, and then cast and formed to obtain cast ingots;
(2) The cast ingot is directly heated and hot rolled after surface milling without homogenization treatment;
(3) Carrying out single-stage solid solution treatment, and after the solid solution treatment is finished, cooling to room temperature by water; wherein the single-stage solid solution temperature is 520-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
(4) Cold rolling;
(5) Isothermal aging treatment is carried out to obtain a finished aluminum alloy plate: the isothermal aging treatment temperature is 180-185 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 10-12 h.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), an inert gas is introduced until the gas pressure reaches 3000 to 4000Pa.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the inert gas is argon.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the melting temperature is 700 to 750 ℃.
11. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the deaeration refining treatment is carried out for a period of 5 to 10 minutes.
12. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the standing time is 3 to 5 minutes at a temperature of 720 to 740 ℃.
13. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein in step (1), the raw materials include: pure aluminum with purity more than or equal to 99.99%; pure magnesium with purity more than or equal to 99.95%; pure lithium with purity more than or equal to 99.9%; al-Si12 intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of Si element is 11.5-12.5%; al-Zr5 intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of Zr element is 4.8-5.2%.
14. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the raw materials other than pure lithium are preheated to a preheating temperature of 100 to 120 ℃ before smelting.
15. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (1), the casting is performed using a copper mold with a water-cooled base, and the copper mold is preheated to 120 to 150 ℃ before use.
16. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (2), the hot rolling start temperature is 430 to 450℃and the hot rolling deformation is 40 to 45%.
17. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (4), the cold rolling deformation is 50 to 55%.
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