CN116676500A - High-performance aluminum alloy thick plate and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
High-performance aluminum alloy thick plate and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007745 plasma electrolytic oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910017150 AlTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016583 MnAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- MKPXGEVFQSIKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Si] Chemical compound [Mg].[Si] MKPXGEVFQSIKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
- C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy thick plates, in particular to a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate and a preparation process thereof. According to the invention, the aluminum alloy thick plate is obtained by sequentially carrying out deep well casting, soaking, forging, rolling and heat treatment on the alloy raw materials, alloy components are uniformly diffused by utilizing the process, rolling is performed in all directions after forging, the mechanical properties and metallographic structures of all parts after heat treatment are uniform, the mechanical properties of all parts of the manufactured aluminum alloy thick plate reach or even exceed the requirements of high-performance aluminum alloy properties of independently forged parts, the aluminum alloy thick plate can be used in the fields of semiconductors and aerospace, is suitable for manufacturing various high-performance large-sized aluminum alloy plate-shaped parts and batch parts, has a wide application range and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy thick plates, in particular to a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The 6061 aluminum alloy has good formability, weldability and machinability, medium strength and good adaptability in multiple fields as a high-quality aluminum alloy product. The existing 6061 hot rolled aluminum alloy thick plate has the defects of small rolling deformation, large difference of internal and external structures, more secondary impurities, uneven and insufficient deformation of each part, poor mechanical property of a core part and poor metallographic structure, large difference of transverse and longitudinal mechanical properties, low strength after heat treatment and large difference, and causes adverse effects on subsequent processing and use. Therefore, we propose a high performance aluminum alloy thick plate and a preparation process thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate and a preparation process thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following steps:
and (3) sequentially carrying out smelting, casting, soaking, turning, flaw detection, sawing, forging, trimming and polishing, hot rolling, heat treatment, finishing and surface prestress treatment, aging, straightening and shearing and secondary flaw detection on the aluminum alloy raw material to obtain the aluminum alloy thick plate.
Further, in the smelting and casting process, aluminum liquid is stirred and slag pulled for a plurality of times, and is cast after tube-type filtration to prepare a large casting rod with the diameter of 660-950 mm and the length of 6800-7300 mm.
Further, in the smelting process, the process conditions are as follows: smelting temperature is 720-760 ℃ and smelting time is 6-8 h; refining temperature is 720-750 ℃ and refining time is 5-6 h; adding alloy elements in the refining process to adjust chemical components, and simultaneously introducing chlorine and argon to remove hydrogen elements in the aluminum alloy melt, wherein the ventilation time is 30-60 min.
Slag skimming before pouring, and adding grain refiner AlTi at the same time 5 B (wire) the aluminum alloy melt was tube filtered using a 40ppi ceramic filter plate.
Further, in the soaking process, the process conditions are as follows: heating to 510-520 ℃, and preserving heat for 2h; continuously heating to 555-565 ℃, preserving heat for 16-20 h, and promoting the full melting and diffusion of the unbalanced alloy phase in the aluminum alloy; and then, fast cooling is carried out by adopting strong wind water mist, so that the aggregation growth of precipitated phases is avoided.
Further, in the peeling process, the defect layer on the outer surface of the aluminum bar is removed, so that forging and rolling in the subsequent process are facilitated. After peeling, the finished large casting rod with the diameter of 610-920 mm is obtained.
Further, in the flaw detection process, ultrasonic flaw detection is adopted, and defects of the finished large casting rod in the casting and soaking processes are detected.
Further, in the sawing process, sawing is carried out on the finished large cast rod according to the size and the length of the final finished plate material to obtain a bar stock with a proper size, wherein the length of the bar stock is 2000-3000 mm.
Further, in the forging process, the process conditions are as follows: the initial forging temperature is 480-520 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 400-450 ℃; upsetting, drawing and forging, and trimming and polishing after forging to obtain the aluminum alloy square stock rod with the length of 2500-4000 mm.
Further, in the forging process, the process conditions are as follows: the forging temperature is 480-520 ℃ and the final forging temperature is 370-410 ℃; upsetting and drawing forging ratio is 1.46-3.62, and deformation amount is 46-72% each time.
Further, in the hot rolling process, the total deformation of the hot rolling shaping stage is 25-60%; and (3) obtaining an aluminum alloy thick plate after hot rolling, wherein the thickness of the aluminum alloy thick plate is 200-500 (+ -0.5) mm, and the length of the aluminum alloy thick plate is 3-8 m.
Further, in the hot rolling process, the process conditions are as follows: the hot rolling temperature is 480-510 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 320-350 ℃; the total deformation of the hot rolling shaping stage is 25-60%. The lower finishing temperature can recrystallize the surface of the thick aluminum alloy plate and prevent the coarse grains on the surface layer.
In the processes of forging, hot rolling and the like, the deformation of the process is controlled, so that the deformation of crystal grains in the aluminum alloy is stronger and more uniform, the number of recrystallized cores is increased, and the crystal grains of the recrystallized aluminum alloy are finer.
Further, in the heat treatment process, solution heat treatment is adopted, and the process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 515-520 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 10-16 h; then quenching treatment is carried out, and the quenching water temperature is 5-35 ℃. Because the thickness of the aluminum alloy thick plate is large, in the process of waiting for the temperature rise of the core layer, the grains on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate can be recrystallized and grow up gradually, and the surface grains can be coarse due to overlong heat treatment time. Therefore, the lower solid solution temperature and the shorter heat preservation time are beneficial to slowing down the recrystallization and avoiding the growth of aluminum alloy grains.
Further, finishing and surface pre-stressing treatment are carried out after heat treatment, and the surface pre-stressing is improved through a small amount of cold deformation and finishing of the surface, so that the surface hardness intensity and the surface quality are improved.
Further, in the aging process, the process conditions are as follows: aging temperature is 175-180 ℃ and aging time is 8h.
Further, the aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.50 to 0.80 percent of Si; iron Fe less than 0.15%; 0.15 to 0.40 percent of copper Cu; mn 0.10-0.15%; 0.80 to 1.20 percent of magnesium Mg; 0.25 to 0.35 percent of chromium Cr; zinc Zn less than 0.25%; 0.02 to 0.1 percent of titanium Ti; the balance of aluminum Al.
Further, the aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following components: mn 0.12-0.15%; 0.30 to 0.35 percent of chromium Cr.
In the raw materials of the aluminum alloy, pure aluminum ingots with the purity of 99.996 percent are selected from Shanghai Xin Cheng Lv company;
the silicon element is bulk industrial pure silicon with the purity of 99.4 percent and is derived from Zhengzhou pure Jie industrial silicon Co., ltd;
the copper element is selected from bulk industrial pure copper with the purity of 99.92 percent and is derived from Fuxing copper industry Co.Ltd in iron-green;
the magnesium element is selected from bulk industrial pure magnesium with the purity of 99.96 percent and is derived from Luoyang Meiger magnesium industry Co., ltd;
the manganese and chromium elements are respectively formed by powdery aluminum-manganese alloy AlMn 75 Bulk aluminum titanium alloy AlTi 6 The preparation method is from Beijing Gaokang New Material science and technology Co., ltd;
AlTi 5 b is a wire rod which is from Liaoning Xinpenggao metal Co.
In the technical scheme, when smelting is carried out, the content of alloy element Mn is properly increased, the content of Fe is controlled and reduced, the generation of indissolvable aluminum-iron-silicon secondary phases in aluminum alloy can be reduced, and the damage of residual secondary phases relative to a precise oxide layer is reduced; meanwhile, the content of Cr element is properly increased, so that the strength of the manufactured aluminum alloy thick plate can be improved, and the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy thick plate is improved.
Titanium element can be matched with chromium, so that columnar crystal structures in a large cast rod are reduced, the forging performance is improved, and grains are refined. Manganese and chromium elements can form MnAl 6 、Al 7 Cr、(Fe,Mn)Al 6 The equal dispersion phase plays a role in pinning, prevents dislocation slip and grain boundary migration in the aluminum alloy, improves the recrystallization temperature, and can play a role in refining grains in the recrystallization process (hot rolling and solid solution), so that the strength of the manufactured aluminum alloy thick plate is improved. Meanwhile, chromium can inhibit precipitation of magnesium-silicon phase at grain boundary, and is helpful for improving strength of the prepared aluminum alloy thick plate. However, the manganese element in the aluminum alloy can generate serious intragranular segregation in the alpha phase, which affects the recrystallization process of the aluminum alloy and causes coarsening of crystal grains of the aluminum alloy, and the soaking process can eliminate the manganese segregation in the aluminum alloy to obtain a fine-grain material.
The content of silicon element in the system is larger than that of iron element, so that the formed aluminum-iron-silicon alloy phase is beta phase, and compared with alpha phase, the aluminum-iron-silicon alloy phase has better high-temperature stability, can improve the recrystallization temperature of aluminum alloy, inhibit the diffusion of atoms and the migration of grain boundaries, and prevent grains from growing and becoming coarse in the hot rolling and solid solution processes, thereby influencing the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy thick plate of the final product.
Furthermore, the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate is subjected to electrolytic polishing, surface oxidation and sol hole sealing treatment.
Further, the electrolytic polishing process specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate serving as an anode and 304 stainless steel or graphite serving as a cathode in electrolytic polishing solution at the temperature of 72-78 ℃ and performing electrolytic polishing for 25-35 min under the voltage condition of 10-15V; then electropolishing for 5-30 min under the voltage condition of 0.5-0.7V; washing with water and drying with nitrogen.
Further, the electrolytic polishing solution contains 12-18 wt% of sodium carbonate and 4.5-5.5 wt% of sodium phosphate, and the pH value is 12.5-13.5.
In the technical scheme, the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy thick plate is reduced by adopting an electrolytic polishing process through controlling the dissolution of metal. Before electrolytic polishing, the aluminum alloy is subjected to soaking, heat treatment, surface pre-stress treatment, aging and other process treatments, so that a good crystal structure can be promoted to be obtained, in one electrolysis, a higher voltage is adopted to dissolve an oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate, and meanwhile, the dissolution and removal of second follow-up aluminum oxide in an aluminum oxide film layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy are carried out, so that the aluminum alloy surface with lower roughness is obtained. In the secondary electrolysis, lower voltage is adopted to promote the dissolution of aluminum elements on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate, so that the surface smoothness of the aluminum alloy thick plate is further improved.
Further, the electrochemical polishing is preceded by mechanical polishing, and the specific process is as follows: grinding the materials for 15 to 60 seconds by using 240-2000 mesh sand paper; washing and drying.
Further, the surface oxidation process specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after electrolytic polishing in an oxidizing electrolyte at 23-27 ℃, and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment for 25-35 min under the conditions of positive voltage of 500V, negative voltage of 50V, duty ratio of 40-50% and frequency of 800-1000 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form the micro-arc oxidation film.
Further, the oxidizing electrolyte contains 8-10 g/L sodium silicate and 2-10 g/L sodium phosphate, and the pH is adjusted to 12.5-13.5 by sodium hydroxide.
In the technical scheme, the discharge in the micro-arc oxidation process causes aluminum elements on the surface of the aluminum alloy to be melted, reacts with the oxidation electrolyte and rapidly cools and solidifies, so that oxides are formed. The silicate radical ions in the sodium silicate participate in the formation of the oxide film layer to form silicon oxide, so that the prepared micro-arc oxide film mainly consists of alpha-phase aluminum oxide, gamma-phase aluminum oxide and mullite, has higher hardness and wear resistance, and has excellent impact resistance and spalling resistance.
Further, the surface is oxidized and then subjected to secondary electrolytic polishing, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after surface oxidation in 70-80 ℃ water for aging for 100-180 min, taking 304 stainless steel or graphite as an anode, taking 304 stainless steel or graphite as a cathode, placing in a secondary electrolytic polishing solution with the temperature of 72-78 ℃, and carrying out electrolytic polishing for 25-30 min under the voltage condition of 0.8-1.5V; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form an oxide film.
Further, the secondary electrolytic polishing solution contains 12-18 wt% of sodium carbonate and 4.5-5.5 wt% of sodium phosphate, and the pH value is 9.0-13.0.
In the technical scheme, before the secondary electrolytic polishing process, firstly, the micro-arc oxidation film prepared in the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after surface oxidation is hydrated, so that gamma-phase alumina on the surface of the micro-arc oxidation film is dissolved first, and then hydrated alumina is precipitated. And then carrying out secondary electrolytic polishing on the oxide film obtained after hydration to remove the hydration film, thereby removing gamma-phase alumina with relatively poorer performance in the outer layer of the micro-arc oxide film, exposing alpha-phase alumina in the inner layer, and further improving the hardness, wear resistance, impact spalling resistance, mechanical property and other performances of the prepared oxide film.
Further, the sol hole sealing specifically comprises:
and spin-coating sol on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after secondary electrolytic polishing, drying at room temperature for 24 hours, slowly heating to 100-120 ℃, preserving heat for 100-160 min, and cooling to room temperature.
Further, the spin coating speed is 800-1000 r/min, and the heating rate is 0.2-0.5 ℃/min.
Further, the sol is one or two of silicon solvent and aluminum sol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation process of the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate, the aluminum alloy thick plate is obtained by sequentially carrying out deep well casting, soaking, forging, rolling and heat treatment on the alloy raw materials, the casting rod before forging is sufficiently homogenized, alloy components are uniformly diffused, rolling is carried out in all directions after forging, deformation is sufficiently carried out, mechanical properties and metallographic structures of all parts after heat treatment are uniform, and the mechanical properties of all parts of the prepared aluminum alloy thick plate reach or even exceed the requirements of the high-performance aluminum alloy of the independently forged parts, so that the preparation process can be used in the fields of semiconductors and aerospace, is suitable for manufacturing various high-performance large-sized aluminum alloy plate-shaped parts and batch parts, has a wide application range and wide application prospect. The comprehensive properties of the structure uniformity, the flatness, the smoothness and the like are superior to those of the whole forging piece, the surface precision is within 0.5 millimeter, the secondary impurity phase is less, and the purity of the aluminum alloy is high.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy thick plate obtained in example 1 of the present invention at 100X without corrosion:
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy thick plate obtained in example 1 of the present invention at 200X after corrosion;
FIG. 3 is a 100X metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy thick plate of comparative example 1 of the present invention, which is not corroded;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a 200X metallographic structure of a thick aluminum alloy plate according to comparative example 1 of the present invention after corrosion.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the raw materials of the aluminum alloy, pure aluminum ingots with the purity of 99.996 percent are selected from Shanghai Xin Cheng Lv company;
the silicon element is bulk industrial pure silicon with the purity of 99.4 percent and is derived from Zhengzhou pure Jie industrial silicon Co., ltd;
the copper element is selected from bulk industrial pure copper with the purity of 99.92 percent and is derived from Fuxing copper industry Co.Ltd in iron-green;
the magnesium element is selected from bulk industrial pure magnesium with the purity of 99.96 percent and is derived from Luoyang Meiger magnesium industry Co., ltd;
the manganese and chromium elements are respectively formed by powdery aluminum-manganese alloy AlMn 75 Bulk aluminum titanium alloy AlTi 6 The preparation method is from Beijing Gaokang New Material science and technology Co., ltd;
AlTi 5 b is a wire rod which is from Liaoning Xinpenghuake metal Co., ltd;
silicon solvent: JN-30 is from Dongying Yiming New Material Co., ltd.
Example 1: a preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following preparation processes:
(1) Manufacturing:
sequentially smelting, casting, soaking, turning a wagon, detecting a flaw, sawing, forging, trimming and polishing, hot rolling, heat treatment, finishing and surface prestress treatment, aging, straightening and shearing and secondary flaw detection are carried out on the aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy thick plate;
the smelting process conditions are as follows: smelting at 720 ℃ for 6 hours; refining temperature is 720 ℃, and refining time is 5 hours; adding alloy elements in the refining process to adjust chemical components, and simultaneously introducing chlorine and argon to remove hydrogen elements in the aluminum alloy melt, wherein the ventilation time is 30min; slag skimming before pouring, and adding grain refiner AlTi at the same time 5 B (wire rod), tubular filtering the aluminum alloy melt by using a ceramic filter plate with the diameter of 40ppi to prepare a large casting rod with the diameter of 800mm and the length of 7000 mm;
the soaking process conditions are as follows: heating to 510 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; continuously heating to 555 ℃, preserving heat for 16 hours, and then adopting strong wind water mist to rapidly cool; peeling to obtain a finished large casting rod with the diameter of 760 mm; sawing to obtain bar stock with the length of 2500 mm;
the forging process conditions are as follows: the initial forging temperature is 520 ℃ and the final forging temperature is 370 ℃; upsetting and drawing forging, wherein the forging ratio of upsetting and drawing forging is 3.62, the deformation amount is 72% each time, and trimming and polishing are carried out after forging to obtain an aluminum alloy square stock rod with the length of 3200 mm;
the hot rolling process conditions are as follows: the hot rolling temperature is 480 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 320 ℃; the total deformation of the hot rolling shaping stage is 25%, and an aluminum alloy thick plate is obtained; the heat treatment adopts solution heat treatment, and the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is kept at 515 ℃ for 10 hours; then quenching treatment is carried out, and the quenching water temperature is 35 ℃;
the aging process conditions are as follows: aging temperature is 175 ℃ and aging time is 8 hours;
straightening and shearing an aluminum alloy thick plate which is processed into 320 (+ -0.5) 1200 (+ -0.5) 4200 (+ -1) mm pieces;
the aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.54% of Si; 0.07% of Fe; 0.32% of copper Cu; 0.12% of Mn; 0.98% of magnesium Mg; 0.33% of chromium Cr; 0.21% of zinc Zn; titanium Ti 0.08%; the balance of aluminum Al;
(2) Post-treatment:
sequentially polishing the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate by using 240-mesh, 600-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh sand paper for 15s; washing and drying;
as an anode, 304 stainless steel is used as a cathode, and is placed in an electrolytic polishing solution (containing 12wt% of sodium carbonate, 4.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 12.5) with the temperature of 72 ℃ and is subjected to electrolytic polishing for 25min under the voltage condition of 10V; then, under the voltage condition of 0.5V, carrying out electrolytic polishing for 5min; washing with water and drying with nitrogen;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after electrolytic polishing in 23 ℃ oxidizing electrolyte (containing 8g/L sodium silicate and 2g/L sodium phosphate, and adjusting pH to 12.5 by sodium hydroxide), and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment for 25min under the conditions of positive voltage 500V, negative voltage 50V, duty ratio 40% and frequency 800 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form a micro-arc oxidation film;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after surface oxidation in 70 ℃ water for aging for 100min, taking graphite as an anode and a cathode, placing in a secondary electrolytic polishing solution (containing 12wt% of sodium carbonate, 4.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 9.0) with the temperature of 72 ℃ and performing electrolytic polishing for 25min under the voltage condition of 0.8V; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form an oxide film;
and spin-coating silica sol on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after secondary electrolytic polishing, spin-coating at a speed of 800r/min, drying at room temperature for 24h, heating to 100 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 100min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate.
Example 2: a preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following preparation processes:
(1) Manufacturing:
sequentially smelting, casting, soaking, turning a wagon, detecting a flaw, sawing, forging, trimming and polishing, hot rolling, heat treatment, finishing and surface prestress treatment, aging, straightening and shearing and secondary flaw detection are carried out on the aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy thick plate;
the smelting process conditions are as follows: smelting at 740 ℃ for 7 hours; refining temperature is 735 ℃ and refining time is 5.5 hours; adding alloy elements in the refining process to adjust chemical components, and simultaneously introducing chlorine and argon to remove hydrogen elements in the aluminum alloy melt, wherein the ventilation time is 45min; slag skimming before pouring, and adding grain refiner AlTi at the same time 5 B (wire rod), tubular filtering the aluminum alloy melt by using a ceramic filter plate with the diameter of 40ppi to prepare a large casting rod with the diameter of 800mm and the length of 7000 mm;
the soaking process conditions are as follows: heating to 515 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; continuously heating to 560 ℃, preserving heat for 18 hours, and then adopting strong wind water mist to rapidly cool; peeling to obtain a finished large casting rod with the diameter of 760 mm; sawing to obtain bar stock with the length of 2500 mm;
the forging process conditions are as follows: the initial forging temperature is 500 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 390 ℃; upsetting and drawing forging, wherein the forging ratio of upsetting and drawing forging is 2.52, the deformation amount is 60% each time, and trimming and polishing are carried out after forging to obtain an aluminum alloy square stock rod with the length of 3200 mm;
the hot rolling process conditions are as follows: hot rolling temperature is 495 ℃ and final rolling temperature is 335 ℃; the total deformation of the hot rolling shaping stage is 43%, and an aluminum alloy thick plate is obtained after hot rolling;
the heat treatment adopts solution heat treatment, and the process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 518 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 13h; then quenching treatment is carried out, and the quenching water temperature is 20 ℃;
the aging process conditions are as follows: aging temperature is 178 ℃ and aging time is 8 hours;
straightening and shearing an aluminum alloy thick plate which is processed into 320 (+ -0.5) 1200 (+ -0.5) 4200 (+ -1) mm pieces;
the aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.54% of Si; 0.07% of Fe; 0.32% of copper Cu; 0.12% of Mn; 0.98% of magnesium Mg; 0.33% of chromium Cr; 0.21% of zinc Zn; titanium Ti 0.08%; the balance of aluminum Al;
(2) Post-treatment:
sequentially polishing the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate by using 240-mesh, 600-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh sand paper for 15s; washing and drying;
as an anode, 304 stainless steel is used as a cathode, and is placed in an electrolytic polishing solution (containing 15wt% of sodium carbonate, 5.0wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 13.0) with the temperature of 75 ℃ and is subjected to electrolytic polishing for 30min under the voltage condition of 12V; then electropolishing for 18min under the voltage condition of 0.6V; washing with water and drying with nitrogen;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after electrolytic polishing in an oxidizing electrolyte (containing 9g/L sodium silicate and 6g/L sodium phosphate and adjusting the pH value to 13.0 by sodium hydroxide), and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment for 30min under the conditions of positive voltage of 500V, negative voltage of 50V, duty ratio of 45% and frequency of 900 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form a micro-arc oxidation film;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after surface oxidation in 75 ℃ water for aging for 120min, taking graphite as an anode, placing in 75 ℃ secondary electrolytic polishing solution (containing 15wt% sodium carbonate and 5wt% sodium phosphate and having pH of 11.0) and performing electrolytic polishing for 27min under the voltage condition of 1.1V; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form an oxide film;
and spin-coating silica sol on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after secondary electrolytic polishing, spin-coating at the speed of 900r/min, drying at room temperature for 24h, heating to 110 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 130min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate.
Example 3: a preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following preparation processes:
(1) Manufacturing:
sequentially smelting, casting, soaking, turning a wagon, detecting a flaw, sawing, forging, trimming and polishing, hot rolling, heat treatment, finishing and surface prestress treatment, aging, straightening and shearing and secondary flaw detection are carried out on the aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy thick plate;
the smelting process conditions are as follows: smelting temperature is 760 ℃ and smelting time is 8 hours; refining temperature is 750 ℃, and refining time is 6 hours; adding alloy elements in the refining process to adjust chemical components, and simultaneously introducing chlorine and argon to remove hydrogen elements in the aluminum alloy melt, wherein the ventilation time is 60min; slag skimming before pouring, and adding grain refiner AlTi at the same time 5 B (wire rod), tubular filtering the aluminum alloy melt by using a ceramic filter plate with the diameter of 40ppi to prepare a large casting rod with the diameter of 800mm and the length of 7000 mm;
the soaking process conditions are as follows: heating to 520 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; continuously heating to 565 ℃, preserving heat for 20 hours, and then adopting strong wind water mist to rapidly cool; peeling to obtain a finished large casting rod with the diameter of 760 mm; sawing to obtain bar stock with the length of 2500 mm;
the forging process conditions are as follows: the initial forging temperature is 480 ℃ and the final forging temperature is 410 ℃; upsetting and drawing forging, wherein the forging ratio of upsetting to drawing is 1.46, the deformation amount of each time is 46%, and trimming and polishing are carried out after forging to obtain an aluminum alloy square stock rod with the length of 3200 mm;
the hot rolling process conditions are as follows: hot rolling temperature 510 ℃ and finish rolling temperature 350 ℃; the total deformation of the hot rolling shaping stage is 60%, and an aluminum alloy thick plate is obtained after the hot rolling is finished;
the heat treatment adopts solution heat treatment, and the process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 520 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 16h; then quenching treatment is carried out, and the quenching water temperature is 5 ℃;
the aging process conditions are as follows: aging temperature is 180 ℃ and aging time is 8 hours;
straightening and shearing an aluminum alloy thick plate which is processed into 320 (+ -0.5) 1200 (+ -0.5) 4200 (+ -1) mm pieces;
the aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.54% of Si; 0.07% of Fe; 0.32% of copper Cu; 0.12% of Mn; 0.98% of magnesium Mg; 0.33% of chromium Cr; 0.21% of zinc Zn; titanium Ti 0.08%; the balance of aluminum Al;
(2) Post-treatment:
sequentially polishing the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate by using 240-mesh, 600-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh sand paper for 15s; washing and drying;
as an anode, 304 stainless steel is taken as a cathode, placed in an electrolytic polishing solution (containing 18wt% of sodium carbonate, 5.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 13.5) with the temperature of 78 ℃ and subjected to electrolytic polishing for 35min under the voltage condition of 15V; then, under the voltage condition of 0.7V, carrying out electrolytic polishing for 30min; washing with water and drying with nitrogen;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after electrolytic polishing in 27 ℃ oxidizing electrolyte (containing 10g/L sodium silicate and 10g/L sodium phosphate, and adjusting the pH value to 13.5 by sodium hydroxide), and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment for 35min under the conditions of positive voltage of 500V, negative voltage of 50V, duty ratio of 50% and frequency of 1000 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form a micro-arc oxidation film;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after surface oxidation in water at 80 ℃ for aging for 180min, taking graphite as an anode and a cathode, placing in secondary electrolytic polishing solution (containing 18wt% of sodium carbonate, 5.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 13.0) at 78 ℃ and performing electrolytic polishing for 30min under the voltage condition of 1.5V; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form an oxide film;
and spin-coating silica sol on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after secondary electrolytic polishing, spin-coating at a spin-coating speed of 1000r/min, drying at room temperature for 24h, heating to 120 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 160min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate.
Comparative example 1: the aluminum alloy thick plate adopts market purchase conventional heat treatment thick plate, specifically 6061-T5;
the aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.74% of Si; 0.7% of Fe; 0.34% of copper Cu; mn 0.15%; 0.11% of magnesium Mg; 0.23% of chromium Cr; 0.25% of zinc Zn; the balance of aluminum Al.
Comparative example 2: a preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following preparation processes:
(1) The manufacturing process and the process parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
(2) Post-treatment:
sequentially polishing the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate by using 240-mesh, 600-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh sand paper for 15s; washing and drying; as an anode, 304 stainless steel is used as a cathode, and is placed in an electrolytic polishing solution (containing 12wt% of sodium carbonate, 4.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 12.5) at the temperature of 72 ℃ to be subjected to electrolytic polishing under the voltage condition of 10V for 25min, water washing and nitrogen blow-drying;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after electrolytic polishing in 23 ℃ oxidizing electrolyte (containing 8g/L sodium silicate and 2g/L sodium phosphate, and adjusting pH to 12.5 by sodium hydroxide), and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment for 25min under the conditions of positive voltage 500V, negative voltage 50V, duty ratio 40% and frequency 800 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form a micro-arc oxidation film;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after surface oxidation in 70 ℃ water for aging for 100min, taking graphite as an anode and a cathode, placing in a secondary electrolytic polishing solution (containing 12wt% of sodium carbonate, 4.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 9.0) with the temperature of 72 ℃ and performing electrolytic polishing for 25min under the voltage condition of 0.8V; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form an oxide film;
and spin-coating silica sol on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after secondary electrolytic polishing, spin-coating at a speed of 800r/min, drying at room temperature for 24h, heating to 100 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 100min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate.
Comparative example 3: a preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following preparation processes:
(1) The manufacturing process and the process parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
(2) Post-treatment:
sequentially polishing the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate by using 240-mesh, 600-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh sand paper for 15s; washing and drying; as an anode, 304 stainless steel is used as a cathode, and is placed in an electrolytic polishing solution (containing 12wt% of sodium carbonate, 4.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 12.5) at the temperature of 72 ℃ to be subjected to electrolytic polishing under the voltage condition of 10V for 25min, water washing and nitrogen blow-drying;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after electrolytic polishing in 23 ℃ oxidizing electrolyte (containing 8g/L sodium silicate and 2g/L sodium phosphate, and adjusting pH to 12.5 by sodium hydroxide), and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment for 25min under the conditions of positive voltage 500V, negative voltage 50V, duty ratio 40% and frequency 800 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form a micro-arc oxidation film;
taking the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after surface oxidation as an anode and graphite as a cathode, placing the aluminum alloy thick plate in a secondary electrolytic polishing solution (containing 12wt% of sodium carbonate, 4.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 9.0) at the temperature of 72 ℃ and carrying out electrolytic polishing for 25min under the voltage condition of 0.8V; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form an oxide film;
and spin-coating silica sol on the surface of the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after secondary electrolytic polishing, spin-coating at a speed of 800r/min, drying at room temperature for 24h, heating to 100 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 100min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate.
Comparative example 4: a preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following preparation processes:
(1) The manufacturing process and the process parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
(2) Post-treatment:
sequentially polishing the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate by using 240-mesh, 600-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh sand paper for 15s; washing and drying; as an anode, 304 stainless steel is used as a cathode, and is placed in an electrolytic polishing solution (containing 12wt% of sodium carbonate, 4.5wt% of sodium phosphate and pH of 12.5) at the temperature of 72 ℃ to be subjected to electrolytic polishing under the voltage condition of 10V for 25min, water washing and nitrogen blow-drying;
placing the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained after electrolytic polishing in 23 ℃ oxidizing electrolyte (containing 8g/L sodium silicate and 2g/L sodium phosphate, and adjusting pH to 12.5 by sodium hydroxide), and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment for 25min under the conditions of positive voltage 500V, negative voltage 50V, duty ratio 40% and frequency 800 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form a micro-arc oxidation film;
spin-coating silica sol, spin-coating at a speed of 800r/min, drying at room temperature for 24h, heating to 100 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 100min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate.
Comparative example 5: a preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following preparation processes:
(1) The manufacturing process and the process parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
(2) Post-treatment:
placing the obtained aluminum alloy thick plate in 23 ℃ oxidizing electrolyte (containing 8g/L sodium silicate and 2g/L sodium phosphate, regulating the pH value to 12.5 by using sodium hydroxide), and carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment for 25min under the conditions of positive voltage 500V, negative voltage 50V, duty ratio 40% and frequency 800 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form a micro-arc oxidation film;
spin-coating silica sol, spin-coating at a speed of 800r/min, drying at room temperature for 24h, heating to 100 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 100min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate.
Experiment: taking the thick aluminum alloy plates and the thick surface aluminum alloy plates obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5, preparing samples, respectively detecting the performances of the samples and recording the detection results:
mechanical property experiment: using GB/T228.1-2010 as a reference standard, and adopting an electronic universal testing machine to detect the tensile strength, the yield performance and the elongation of the aluminum alloy thick plate sample in the longitudinal, transverse and high-directional directions:
and (3) hardness detection: the Brinell hardness of the surface and 1/4 thickness of the aluminum alloy thick plate sample is tested by taking GB/T231-2018 as a reference standard.
From the data in the above table, the following conclusions can be clearly drawn:
the aluminum alloy thick plates obtained in examples 1-3 were compared with the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained in comparative example 1, and the detection results revealed that the aluminum alloy thick plates obtained in examples 1-3 had higher tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and Brinell hardness data, which fully demonstrate that the invention achieved improvements in mechanical properties, hardness, etc. of the produced aluminum alloy thick plates.
And according to the accompanying drawings 1-2 of the specification, the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained in the embodiment 1 has insufficient dissolution of alloy compounds, insufficient homogenization of alloy elements in a structure, dense and uniformly distributed precipitation strengthening phases in crystals after heat treatment.
And according to the attached drawings in the specification, as shown in fig. 3-4, the aluminum alloy thick plate obtained in the comparative example 1 has the advantages that the alloy compound is fully dissolved, the alloy element is fully homogenized in a tissue, the precipitation strengthening phase in crystals is sparse after heat treatment, and the segregation inside and outside the grain boundary is serious.
And (3) hardness detection: and carrying out a Vickers hardness test on the surface of the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate sample by adopting a microhardness tester.
Abrasion resistance experiment: the reciprocating friction and wear testing machine is used for carrying out wear resistance test on a surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate sample, wherein a grinding ball is SiN with the diameter of 4mm, the friction load is 5N, and the friction speed is 10mm/sec;
impact resistance experiment: a steel ball with a mass of 1kg was impacted on a surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plate sample in a free falling manner at a height of 30 cm.
From the data in the above table, the following conclusions can be clearly drawn:
the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plates obtained in examples 1 to 3 were compared with the surface aluminum oxide alloy thick plates obtained in comparative examples 2 to 5, and as a result of the detection,
the electropolishing process in comparative example 2 is different compared to example 1; the electropolishing process in comparative example 3 was different and was not hot water aged; the electropolishing process in comparative example 4 was different and was not subjected to hot water aging and secondary electropolishing; in comparative example 5, only micro-arc oxidation and sol sealing were performed. The surface film layer (oxide film) of the thick plate of the surface aluminum oxide alloy in example 1 has higher hardness, lower weight loss rate and impact depth data, and the arrangement of the preparation process of the oxide film and the prepared components can promote the improvement of the hardness, the wear resistance and the impact resistance.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation process of a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
and (3) sequentially carrying out smelting, casting, soaking, turning, flaw detection, sawing, forging, trimming and polishing, hot rolling, heat treatment, finishing and surface prestress treatment, aging, straightening and shearing and secondary flaw detection on the aluminum alloy raw material to obtain the aluminum alloy thick plate.
2. The process for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy thick plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.50-0.80%; fe less than 0.15%; 0.15 to 0.40 percent of Cu;
mn is 0.10-0.15%; 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Mg; 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Cr; zn is less than 0.25%; 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Ti; the balance being Al.
3. The process for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the soaking process, the process conditions are as follows: heating to 510-520 ℃, and preserving heat for 2h; continuously heating to 555-565 ℃ and preserving heat for 16-20 h.
4. The process for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the forging process, the process conditions are as follows: the initial forging temperature is 480-520 ℃, the final forging temperature is 370-410 ℃, the upsetting and drawing forging ratio is 1.46-3.62, and the deformation amount is 46-72% each time.
5. The process for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the hot rolling process, the process conditions are as follows: the hot rolling temperature is 480-510 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 320-350 ℃; the total deformation of the hot rolling shaping stage is 25-60%.
6. The process for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the heat treatment process, solution heat treatment is adopted, and the process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 515-520 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 10-16 h; then quenching treatment is carried out, and the quenching water temperature is 5-35 ℃.
7. The process for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the aging process, the process conditions are as follows: aging temperature is 175-180 ℃ and aging time is 8h.
8. The process for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the high-performance aluminum alloy thick plate is also subjected to post-treatment, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
taking an aluminum alloy thick plate as an anode, 304 stainless steel or graphite as a cathode, placing the aluminum alloy thick plate into electrolytic polishing solution at the temperature of 72-78 ℃, and performing electrolytic polishing for 25-35 min under the voltage condition of 10-15V; then electropolishing for 5-30 min under the voltage condition of 0.5-0.7V;
placing the mixture into 23-27 ℃ oxidizing electrolyte, and performing micro-arc oxidation treatment for 25-35 min under the conditions of positive voltage of 500V, negative voltage of 50V, duty ratio of 40-50% and frequency of 800-1000 Hz; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form a micro-arc oxidation film;
aging in water at 70-80 ℃ for 100-180 min, taking 304 stainless steel or graphite as an anode and taking the 304 stainless steel or graphite as a cathode, placing in electrolytic polishing solution at 72-78 ℃ and performing electrolytic polishing for 25-30 min under the voltage condition of 0.8-1.5V; washing with water, and drying with nitrogen to form an oxide film;
spin-coating the sol, drying at room temperature for 24 hours, slowly heating to 100-120 ℃, preserving heat for 100-160 min, and cooling to room temperature.
9. The process for preparing a high performance aluminum alloy thick plate as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the electrolytic polishing solution contains 12 to 18 weight percent of sodium carbonate, 4.5 to 5.5 weight percent of sodium phosphate and the pH value is 12.5 to 13.5;
the oxidizing electrolyte contains 8-10 g/L sodium silicate and 2-10 g/L sodium phosphate, and the pH value is adjusted to 12.5-13.5 by sodium hydroxide;
the secondary electrolytic polishing solution contains 12-18 wt% of sodium carbonate and 4.5-5.5 wt% of sodium phosphate, and the pH value is 9.0-13.0.
10. A high performance aluminum alloy slab made according to the manufacturing process of claims 1-9.
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| CN117210773A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-12-12 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy backboard |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117210773A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-12-12 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy backboard |
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