CN116675895A - Production process of polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge - Google Patents
Production process of polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge Download PDFInfo
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- CN116675895A CN116675895A CN202310860244.6A CN202310860244A CN116675895A CN 116675895 A CN116675895 A CN 116675895A CN 202310860244 A CN202310860244 A CN 202310860244A CN 116675895 A CN116675895 A CN 116675895A
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide Substances OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- AOFIWCXMXPVSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CSC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(SC)=C1N AOFIWCXMXPVSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclohexyl(diisocyanato)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N=C=O)(N=C=O)C1CCCCC1 KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N methyl (2s)-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N=C=O)CCCCN=C=O AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 25
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 9
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauric acid monoglyceride Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001739 rebound effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of new material preparation, and discloses a production process of polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge, which comprises two steps of copolymerization and foaming; firstly, selecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 45-75 parts of polyether polyol, 50-80 parts of isocyanate, 35-60 parts of acrylamide, 5-10 parts of an initiator, 2-5 parts of a chain extender, 2-6 parts of a foaming agent and 4-8 parts of a complexing agent; stirring polyether polyol and isocyanate at constant temperature to obtain a graft copolymer; and (3) transferring the obtained graft copolymer to a prepared foaming mixing container in a heat preservation way, adding the prepared chain extender, the prepared compounding agent and the prepared foaming agent into the foaming mixing container, stirring for 10-20min to obtain a mixture, transferring the mixture to a vacuum box, standing and foaming at a negative pressure state at 30-50 ℃ to obtain the polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, finally cutting the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge into blocks, sampling, and detecting the water absorption and the oil absorption, and packaging to obtain the finished product.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of new material preparation, and particularly relates to a production process of polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge.
Background
Waste water containing oil substances discharged from industrial production process. The oily substances contained in the oily wastewater comprise natural petroleum, petroleum products, tar and fractions thereof, and edible animal and vegetable oils and fats. The pollution to the water body is mainly petroleum and tar. The sources of oily wastewater are very wide. Besides the oil exploitation and processing industry, there are also solid fuel thermal processing, wool washing waste water in textile industry, leather making waste water in light industry, emulsion in railway and transportation industry, slaughter and food processing and turning process in mechanical industry, etc., wherein the oil-containing waste water discharged by oil industry and solid fuel thermal processing industry is the main source. Furthermore, even in general domestic sewage, oil and grease account for 10% of the total organic matter, and the daily production of oil and grease per person can be estimated to be 0.015 kg.
For the treatment mode of the oily wastewater, methods such as floatation, filtration, flocculation and the like are generally adopted. The first two are relatively well treated, while the emulsified oil contains surfactants and organic matters which act similarly, the oil exists in micron-sized particles, and the separation difficulty is quite high. At present, the treatment methods of emulsified oil wastewater are numerous, and common methods include a salting-out method, a flocculation method, a flotation method, a coarse-grain method, a membrane separation method, an adsorption method, a biological method and the like. In the adsorption method, the oil in the sewage is adsorbed by using the filter material, and then the filter material is taken out to remove the oil and then the adsorption is reused. The existing adsorption material adopts polyurethane sponge, has low cost, strong corrosion resistance and good oil absorption characteristic, but the selectivity is poor, the repeated utilization rate is low, the oil absorption rate after secondary use is reduced by 70%, and the use cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a production process of polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge, wherein the ionic polyacrylamide with opposite charges is introduced to controllably prepare the polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge with different ionic types, so that the hydrophobic property and the physical and chemical stability of the sponge are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
in a first aspect, the application provides a production process of a polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge, which comprises two steps of copolymerization and foaming;
firstly, selecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 45-75 parts of polyether polyol, 50-80 parts of isocyanate, 35-60 parts of acrylamide, 5-10 parts of an initiator, 2-5 parts of a chain extender, 2-6 parts of a foaming agent and 4-8 parts of a complexing agent;
the copolymerization process comprises the following steps:
vacuum dehydrating polyether polyol and isocyanate, stirring and reacting in a stirring kettle with a temperature detection function at a constant temperature of 45-55 ℃ in a nitrogen-introduced environment for 4-8 hours, and cooling to below 20 ℃ to obtain polyurethane prepolymer; transferring the polyurethane prepolymer into another stirring kettle, adding acrylamide, stirring to form an emulsion, slowly adding an initiator into the emulsion, and stirring at a constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a graft copolymer;
the foaming process is as follows:
and (3) transferring the obtained graft copolymer to a prepared foaming mixing container in a heat preservation way, adding the prepared chain extender, the prepared compounding agent and the prepared foaming agent into the foaming mixing container, stirring for 10-20min to obtain a mixture, transferring the mixture to a vacuum box, standing and foaming at a negative pressure state at 30-50 ℃ to obtain the polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, finally cutting the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge into blocks, sampling, and detecting the water absorption and the oil absorption, and packaging to obtain the finished product.
With reference to the first aspect, the present application provides a first embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the isocyanate is one of toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and lysine diisocyanate.
With reference to the first aspect, the present application provides a second embodiment of the first aspect, the polyether polyol being a propylene oxide polyether polyol or a tetrahydrofuran polyether polyol.
With reference to the first aspect, the present application provides a third embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the initiator is one of sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and persulfate.
With reference to the first aspect, the present application provides a fourth embodiment of the first aspect, the chain extender comprising an amine-type chain extender and an alcohol-type chain extender.
With reference to the first aspect, the present application provides a fifth embodiment of the first aspect, the compounding agent including a flame retardant and a plasticizer.
With reference to the first aspect, the present application provides a sixth embodiment of the first aspect, in the copolymerization process, after obtaining the polyurethane prepolymer, adding N-methylpyrrolidone into the polyurethane prepolymer at a mass ratio of 0.1-0.2% to stir the polyurethane prepolymer to adjust the viscosity to 14-16cp, and then transferring the polyurethane prepolymer with the adjusted viscosity into another stirring kettle for copolymerization.
With reference to the sixth implementation manner of the first aspect, the present application provides a seventh implementation manner of the first aspect, which specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, selecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise 58 parts of propylene oxide polyether polyol, 65 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 40 parts of acrylamide, 5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 2 parts of dimethyl thiotoluene diamine, 5 parts of foaming agent and 5 parts of flame retardant in parts by weight;
vacuum dehydrating propylene oxide polyether polyol and toluene diisocyanate, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at a constant temperature of 50 ℃ in a nitrogen-introduced environment in a stirring kettle with a temperature detection function, cooling to below 20 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer, and adding N-methylpyrrolidone into the polyurethane prepolymer in a mass ratio of 0.1% to stir and adjust the viscosity to 16cp;
transferring the polyurethane prepolymer with the adjusted viscosity into another stirring kettle, adding acrylamide, stirring to form an emulsified state, slowly adding hydrogen peroxide into the emulsified state, and stirring at the constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a graft copolymer;
the foaming process is as follows:
and (3) carrying out heat preservation and transfer on the obtained graft copolymer to a prepared foaming mixing container, adding the prepared dimethyl thiotoluene diamine, the flame retardant and the foaming agent into the foaming mixing container, stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture, transferring the mixture to a vacuum box, standing and foaming at a negative pressure state at 30 ℃ to obtain a polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, and finally cutting and sampling the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge to detect water absorption and oil absorption and package the finished product.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
according to the application, the polyurethane raw material of modified graft polymerization formed by polyacrylamide copolymerization is introduced for foaming, so that the problem of poor structural stability of polyurethane sponge is solved, and the oil absorption and the hydrophobicity of the polyurethane sponge are further improved; meanwhile, aiming at the ionic material with opposite charges, the obtained foaming material can meet the optimization requirement by optimizing the process steps and the selected auxiliary agents.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the entire production process of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application is further illustrated by the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. The materials of the embodiments of the application, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Example 1:
the embodiment discloses a production process of a polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge, which is used for producing the composite polyurethane sponge for absorbing grease in treating high-oil-content wastewater as shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 45-75 parts of polyether polyol, 50-80 parts of isocyanate, 35-60 parts of acrylamide, 5-10 parts of an initiator, 2-5 parts of a chain extender, 2-6 parts of a foaming agent and 4-8 parts of a compounding agent.
Then copolymerizing, dehydrating polyether polyol and isocyanate in vacuum, stirring and reacting in a stirring kettle with a temperature detection function at a constant temperature of 45-55 ℃ in a nitrogen-introducing environment for 4-8 hours, and cooling to below 20 ℃ to obtain polyurethane prepolymer; and transferring the polyurethane prepolymer into another stirring kettle, adding acrylamide, stirring to form an emulsified state, slowly adding an initiator into the emulsified state, and stirring at the constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain the graft copolymer.
And then foaming, transferring the obtained graft copolymer to a prepared foaming mixing container in a heat preservation way, adding the prepared chain extender, the prepared compounding agent and the prepared foaming agent into the foaming mixing container, stirring for 10-20min to obtain a mixture, transferring the mixture to a vacuum box, and standing and foaming at the negative pressure state of 30-50 ℃ to obtain the polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge.
Taking out the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, cutting into blocks according to the requirement, sampling, checking and testing the cut materials, and judging whether the product is qualified or not according to the characteristics of water absorption and oil absorption.
Wherein the isocyanate is one of toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and lysine diisocyanate.
The polyether polyol is propylene oxide polyether polyol or tetrahydrofuran polyether polyol.
The initiator is one of sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and persulfate.
Chain extenders include amine chain extenders and alcohol chain extenders.
The complexing agent comprises a flame retardant and a plasticizer.
As one embodiment, the production process is preferably carried out, and raw materials are selected firstly, and the raw materials comprise 58 parts of propylene oxide polyether polyol, 65 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 40 parts of acrylamide, 5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 2 parts of dimethyl thiotoluene diamine, 5 parts of foaming agent and 5 parts of flame retardant in parts by weight; vacuum dehydrating propylene oxide polyether polyol and toluene diisocyanate, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at a constant temperature of 50 ℃ in a nitrogen-introduced environment in a stirring kettle with a temperature detection function, cooling to below 20 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer, and adding N-methylpyrrolidone into the polyurethane prepolymer in a mass ratio of 0.1% to stir and adjust the viscosity to 16cp; transferring the polyurethane prepolymer with the adjusted viscosity into another stirring kettle, adding acrylamide, stirring to form an emulsified state, slowly adding hydrogen peroxide into the emulsified state, and stirring at the constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a graft copolymer;
and in the foaming process, the obtained graft copolymer is subjected to heat preservation and transfer into a prepared foaming mixing container, the prepared dimethyl thiotoluene diamine, a flame retardant and a foaming agent are added into the foaming mixing container and stirred for 15min to obtain a mixture, the mixture is transferred into a vacuum box and subjected to standing foaming at 30 ℃ under a negative pressure state of 0.02Mpa to obtain polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, finally the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge is subjected to dicing and sampling, water absorption and oil absorption detection are carried out, and the obtained detection sample is taken as a sample group I.
As one embodiment, the production process is preferably carried out by selecting raw materials, and the raw materials comprise 65 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran polyether polyol, 60 parts by weight of dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 50 parts by weight of acrylamide, 8 parts by weight of sulfate, 4 parts by weight of 1, 4-butanediol, 4 parts by weight of foaming agent and 7 parts by weight of flame retardant.
Vacuum dehydrating tetrahydrofuran polyether polyol and dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, stirring in a stirring kettle with a temperature detection function at a constant temperature of 50 ℃ in a nitrogen-introduced environment for reaction for 4 hours, cooling to below 20 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer, and adding N-methylpyrrolidone into the polyurethane prepolymer in a mass ratio of 0.1%, stirring and adjusting the viscosity to 15cp;
transferring the polyurethane prepolymer with the adjusted viscosity into another stirring kettle, adding acrylamide, stirring to form an emulsified state, slowly adding sulfate into the emulsified state, and stirring at a constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a graft copolymer;
the foaming process is as follows:
and (3) transferring the obtained graft copolymer to a prepared foaming mixing container in a heat preservation way, adding the prepared 1, 4-butanediol, the flame retardant and the foaming agent into the foaming mixing container, stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture, transferring the mixture to a vacuum box, standing and foaming at a negative pressure state at 30 ℃ to obtain polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, finally cutting the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge into blocks, sampling, detecting water absorption and oil absorption, and packaging to obtain a detection sample serving as a sample group II.
As one embodiment, the production process is preferably carried out by selecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 70 parts of propylene oxide polyether polyol, 80 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 40 parts of acrylamide, 7 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 3 parts of 1, 4-butanediol, 4 parts of foaming agent and 4 parts of flame retardant.
Vacuum dehydrating propylene oxide polyether polyol and toluene diisocyanate, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at a constant temperature of 50 ℃ in a nitrogen-introduced environment in a stirring kettle with a temperature detection function, cooling to below 20 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer, and adding N-methylpyrrolidone into the polyurethane prepolymer in a mass ratio of 0.1% to stir and adjust the viscosity to 16cp;
transferring the polyurethane prepolymer with the adjusted viscosity into another stirring kettle, adding acrylamide, stirring to form an emulsified state, slowly adding hydrogen peroxide into the emulsified state, and stirring at the constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a graft copolymer;
the foaming process is as follows:
and (3) transferring the obtained graft copolymer to a prepared foaming mixing container in a heat preservation way, adding the prepared 1, 4-butanediol, the flame retardant and the foaming agent into the foaming mixing container, stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture, transferring the mixture to a vacuum box, standing and foaming at a negative pressure state at 30 ℃ to obtain polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, finally cutting the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge into blocks, sampling, detecting water absorption and oil absorption, and packaging to obtain a detection sample serving as a sample group III.
The N-methyl pyrrolidone is added to adjust the viscosity to 16cp by stirring, so that the polyurethane prepolymer formed by different formulas can ensure a relatively stable dispersion state when being copolymerized with the acrylamide, and the microphase state of the polyurethane prepolymer, namely a separation state, is not formed when the polyurethane prepolymer is copolymerized with the acrylamide due to the different viscosity after different proportions and materials are adjusted, so that the polymer with stable chemical bond connection bi-components is not formed. The foam is crisp during foaming, the sponge structure generated after foaming is unstable, the tensile strength is poor, the rebound property is low, and the closed pore rate is high.
In order to verify the performances of the process and the product, 10 samples are selected from the three groups of samples respectively, and then a block structure with the same volume formed by the conventional polyurethane sponge and the sample groups is selected on the market to be tested as a comparison group, and the influence of different component viscosities on the foaming product is checked;
and then, by adjusting and omitting related manufacturing processes, the foaming sponge product obtained by adjusting the viscosity by adopting N-methyl pyrrolidone is omitted as a comparison group, and the following experiment is carried out.
Experiment one: the water absorption test, preparing a soaking water tank, fixing a sample in a fixed structure, placing the sample in the soaking water tank and soaking for 6 hours,weight W before soaking it 1 And weight after soaking W 2 Recording and calculating the mass change rate, and obtaining the average mass change rate as a water absorption test result after calculating each sample of each sample group, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
experiment II: the oil absorption test is the same as the first step of the experiment, but the medium in the soaking water tank is replaced by emulsified grease, the emulsified grease is lauric acid monoglyceride, and the quality change rate is used as the oil absorption test result.
Then repeating the two experiments for the same sample for a plurality of times to obtain experimental results of one time, five times and ten times, wherein the last experimental result is used as the following result when recording:
according to the experimental results, although the sample group is changed with different materials, the characteristics of the sample group are basically reserved, and the obtained product has higher stability and consistency by adopting the same production process, compared with a comparison group, the introduced polyacrylamide can be seen to effectively improve the hydrophobicity and oil absorption of the sponge, has higher chemical resistance and tensile property, can still keep certain hydrophobicity and oil absorption after being repeatedly used for many times, can provide better adsorption effect in treating oily sewage, and can be repeatedly used to reduce the use cost.
For the comparison group, the hydrophobic property and the oil absorption property of the composite material are reserved, but the composite material is poor in structural stability after repeated use, so that the composite material is poor in rebound effect after stretching and compaction, and can be dissolved and become sticky after multiple uses.
The application is not limited to the alternative embodiments described above, but any person may derive other various forms of products in the light of the present application. The above detailed description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application, which is defined in the claims and the description may be used to interpret the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A production process of a polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises two steps of copolymerization and foaming;
firstly, selecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 45-75 parts of polyether polyol, 50-80 parts of isocyanate, 35-60 parts of acrylamide, 5-10 parts of an initiator, 2-5 parts of a chain extender, 2-6 parts of a foaming agent and 4-8 parts of a complexing agent;
the copolymerization process comprises the following steps:
vacuum dehydrating polyether polyol and isocyanate, stirring and reacting in a stirring kettle with a temperature detection function at a constant temperature of 45-55 ℃ in a nitrogen-introduced environment for 4-8 hours, and cooling to below 20 ℃ to obtain polyurethane prepolymer; transferring the polyurethane prepolymer into another stirring kettle, adding acrylamide, stirring to form an emulsion, slowly adding an initiator into the emulsion, and stirring at a constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a graft copolymer;
the foaming process is as follows:
and (3) transferring the obtained graft copolymer to a prepared foaming mixing container in a heat preservation way, adding the prepared chain extender, the prepared compounding agent and the prepared foaming agent into the foaming mixing container, stirring for 10-20min to obtain a mixture, transferring the mixture to a vacuum box, standing and foaming at a negative pressure state at 30-50 ℃ to obtain the polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, finally cutting the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge into blocks, sampling, and detecting the water absorption and the oil absorption, and packaging to obtain the finished product.
2. The production process of the polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the isocyanate is one of toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and lysine diisocyanate.
3. The production process of the polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the polyether polyol is propylene oxide polyether polyol or tetrahydrofuran polyether polyol.
4. The production process of the polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the initiator is one of sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and persulfate.
5. The production process of the polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the chain extender comprises an amine chain extender and an alcohol chain extender.
6. The production process of the polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the complexing agent comprises a flame retardant and a plasticizer.
7. The production process of the polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the copolymerization process, after the polyurethane prepolymer is obtained, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone into the polyurethane prepolymer in a mass ratio of 0.1-0.2%, stirring the mixture to adjust the viscosity to 14-16cp, and then transferring the polyurethane prepolymer with the adjusted viscosity into another stirring kettle for copolymerization.
8. The production process of the polyacrylamide composite polyurethane sponge according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, selecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise 58 parts of propylene oxide polyether polyol, 65 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 40 parts of acrylamide, 5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 2 parts of dimethyl thiotoluene diamine, 5 parts of foaming agent and 5 parts of flame retardant in parts by weight;
vacuum dehydrating propylene oxide polyether polyol and toluene diisocyanate, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at a constant temperature of 50 ℃ in a nitrogen-introduced environment in a stirring kettle with a temperature detection function, cooling to below 20 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer, and adding N-methylpyrrolidone into the polyurethane prepolymer in a mass ratio of 0.1% to stir and adjust the viscosity to 16cp;
transferring the polyurethane prepolymer with the adjusted viscosity into another stirring kettle, adding acrylamide, stirring to form an emulsified state, slowly adding hydrogen peroxide into the emulsified state, and stirring at the constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a graft copolymer;
the foaming process is as follows:
and (3) carrying out heat preservation and transfer on the obtained graft copolymer to a prepared foaming mixing container, adding the prepared dimethyl thiotoluene diamine, the flame retardant and the foaming agent into the foaming mixing container, stirring for 15min to obtain a mixture, transferring the mixture to a vacuum box, standing and foaming at a negative pressure state at 30 ℃ to obtain a polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge, and finally cutting and sampling the obtained polyacrylamide-polyurethane sponge to detect water absorption and oil absorption and package the finished product.
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| CN105315427A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-10 | 江苏瑞丰科技实业有限公司 | Polyurethane high-power oil absorption material and preparation method therefor |
| CN113105601A (en) * | 2021-04-10 | 2021-07-13 | 西南石油大学 | Emulsion separation material of ionic polyacrylamide composite polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof |
| CN113388132A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-14 | 合肥科天水性科技有限责任公司 | Magnetic polyurethane hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116023616A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-04-28 | 上海优玥新材料科技有限公司 | Polyurethane foam containing interpenetrating network structure and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105315427A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-10 | 江苏瑞丰科技实业有限公司 | Polyurethane high-power oil absorption material and preparation method therefor |
| CN113105601A (en) * | 2021-04-10 | 2021-07-13 | 西南石油大学 | Emulsion separation material of ionic polyacrylamide composite polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof |
| CN113388132A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-14 | 合肥科天水性科技有限责任公司 | Magnetic polyurethane hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116023616A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-04-28 | 上海优玥新材料科技有限公司 | Polyurethane foam containing interpenetrating network structure and preparation method and application thereof |
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