CN116671928A - Bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system - Google Patents
Bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/33—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG] specially adapted for cooperation with other devices
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system, which comprises the following modules: sensing array: acquiring electrocardiosignals and acceleration signals through an electrocardio array and an acceleration array; and the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for: the electrocardiosignals are used for being converted into electrocardiosignals; the multichannel multi-mode signal acquisition module comprises: the electrocardio digital signals and the acceleration signals of all channels are synchronously obtained through ADC driving and sensor driving, and a global clock is used for marking a time stamp for the signals of each channel for time synchronization of the electrocardio signals and the acceleration signals; the signal preprocessing module is used for: carrying out digital filtering on the electrocardio digital signal and the acceleration signal to filter noise, and decomposing the acceleration signal into a heart shock signal and a heart sound-like signal; and a display module: the upper computer acquires and displays an electrocardio digital signal, a heart shock signal and a heart sound-like signal from the signal preprocessing module. The system provided by the invention realizes the acquisition and presentation of the multi-channel and multi-mode synchronous signals of the heart electromechanical system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heart monitoring, in particular to a bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system.
Background
The cardiovascular disease has the characteristics of high prevalence rate, high disability rate, high death rate and the like, and seriously threatens the life and health of human beings. The heart activity comprises two parts, namely electric activity and mechanical activity, which are tightly coupled, and the effective monitoring of the heart activity has important significance for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Body surface electrocardiography is the most common and simplest method of clinically detecting cardiac electrical activity. Conventional electrocardiograph devices require multiple lead electrodes to be placed on the skin surface and the electrocardiograph signals transmitted through lead wires to an electrocardiograph for processing and display. However, the electrocardiosignals are very weak and have the amplitude ofThe device is easy to be submerged by noise such as power frequency interference on the surface of a human body, so that a right leg driving circuit is also needed to remove the interference. The principle of the right leg driving circuit is as follows: the voltages acquired by the electrode plates at a plurality of positions of the human body are averaged to obtain a noise signal, and then the noise signal is amplified in an opposite phase and is input back to the human body to counteract the noise. The traditional electrocardiogram has fewer leads, limited spatial distribution information of electric signals and 12 leads which are most commonly used in clinic, and chest leads only comprise 6 individual surface electrodes (V1-V6). The number of leads of the body surface potential mapping system or the electrocardiogram imaging system can reach hundreds, but only the electrocardiographic signals can be detected, and mechanical signals can not be obtained at the same time.
Clinically, the mechanical activity of the heart is detected in real time mainly through an ultrasonic cardiography technology, and a professional sonologist is required to operate the device, so that the mechanical activity of the heart outside the hospital cannot be continuously monitored. The heart shake map can reflect the mechanical activity of the heart by collecting the shake signals generated by the heart pulsation through the acceleration sensor. However, most applications of current seismograms are still under investigation, and the number of sensors is small (typically 1-2), and the spatial distribution information of the mechanical signals is small. At present, a study of the university of Denmark Orburg has made a 4x4 electrocardiograph array, but its electrocardiographic monitoring only contains 3 limb leads.
The phonocardiogram is recorded in the cardiac cycle, and the acoustic signals generated by mechanical vibrations caused by myocardial contraction, valve opening and closing, pressurization and depressurization of blood to the vessel wall, etc. are usually recorded by a stethoscope or microphone. However, it has been shown that, in the vibration signal acquired by the acceleration sensor, the high frequency component has the property of a heart sound signal, so that it can be seen that the heart sound map and the heart vibration map reflect different aspects of the mechanical activity of the heart, the heart vibration map reflects the low frequency mechanical activity of the heart, and the heart sound map reflects the high frequency mechanical activity of the heart, and the heart sound map are complementary. At present, no related research for detecting the heart sound-like signal spatial distribution by using an acceleration sensor array exists.
A multi-modal cardiac monitoring system employs 2 or more sensors (electrical, mechanical, optical, etc.) to monitor activity in different aspects of the heart simultaneously. However, the number of sensors of the system is small, the spatial information is small, and various sensors are usually placed at different positions, so that synchronous monitoring of heart signals at the same site is difficult.
In view of the above, there is no system capable of simultaneously achieving spatial distribution of cardiac electrical signals and spatial distribution of mechanical signals, and therefore, designing and manufacturing a system capable of performing space-time monitoring on cardiac electrical mechanical signals is a yet to be solved problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a bimodal cardiac electro-mechanical physiological source imaging system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system comprising the following modules:
sensing array: the method comprises the steps that an electrode and an acceleration sensor are respectively arranged on the skin of a human body in an electrocardio array and acceleration array mode, and electrocardio signals and acceleration signals at different positions of the human body are respectively obtained;
and the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for: the electrocardiosignals are used for converting the electrocardiosignals into electrocardiosignals;
the multichannel multi-mode signal acquisition module comprises: synchronously acquiring the electrocardio digital signals and the acceleration signals of each channel through ADC driving and sensor driving, and marking a time stamp for the signals of each channel by utilizing a global clock so as to ensure that the electrocardio digital signals and the acceleration signals are time-synchronous;
the upper computer: the device comprises a signal preprocessing module and a display module.
Further, each of the electrocardiographic signals or acceleration signals is transmitted through a corresponding channel.
Further, the signal preprocessing module is used for filtering the electrocardio digital signal and the acceleration signal, filtering noise, and decomposing the acceleration signal into a heart shock signal and a heart sound-like signal; the display module is used for interpolating and aligning the data of each channel and displaying the electrocardio digital signals, the heart shake signals and the heart sound-like signals in a contour line mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention discloses a bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system which can synchronously monitor cardiac electromechanical activities of a user in a space-time manner, has more abundant spatial information and multimodal information, is convenient to use, does not need professional operation, and has the potential of long-range monitoring.
2. The invention can present the time-space coupling of the heart electromechanical activity and assist the scientific researchers to study the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the heart, thereby further studying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
3. The invention has stronger robustness and anti-interference capability, and can detect the difference through the sensing array due to the difference of time or phase of the effective signal reaching each sensing point, so that the sensing array can still detect the effective signal and work normally even if the original signal is seriously affected by noise.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a center electrical array and an acceleration array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the data packet configuration in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of preprocessing an acceleration signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of interpolation and alignment processes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram 1 of the imaging effect of the center electrical signal and the heart shake signal according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram 2 showing the imaging effect of the center electric signal and the heart shake signal according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the imaging effect of the center electric signal and the heart-like signal according to the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
the device comprises a 1-electrode, a 2-acceleration sensor, a 3-lead wire, a 4-lead wire, a 5-analog-to-digital conversion module, a 6-multichannel multi-mode signal acquisition module, a 7-upper computer, an 8-subject, a 9-electrocardiograph original waveform, a 10-electrocardiograph original waveform, an 11-electrocardiograph array contour map, a 12-electrocardiograph array contour map, a 13-heart sound-like original waveform and a 14-heart sound-like array contour map.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system, which realizes acquisition and presentation of cardiac electromechanical multichannel and multimode synchronous signals.
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system, which comprises the following modules:
sensing array: the method comprises the steps of respectively arranging electrodes and acceleration sensors on the skin of a human body in an electrocardiograph array and acceleration array mode, respectively obtaining electrocardiograph signals and acceleration signals at different positions of the human body, wherein each electrocardiograph signal or acceleration signal is transmitted through a corresponding channel, and specifically comprises the following steps:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrocardiograph array and an acceleration array according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is an electrode for detecting electrocardiograph signals, and the electrode may be a wet electrode (a conventional electrode sheet, using conductive gel as a conductive medium), a dry electrode (such as a fabric electrode), or a capacitive electrode; 2 is an acceleration sensor for collecting acceleration signals, wherein the acceleration sensor can be replaced by an inertial sensing unit (such as MPU 6050), a pressure sensor (such as piezoresistive fabric) and other mechanical sensors; in fig. 2, 8 is a subject, and an electrocardiograph array and an acceleration array are placed on the skin of the subject to collect electrocardiograph signals and acceleration signals at different positions of the human body.
The number of the electrodes and the acceleration sensors in the invention is not limited to the number shown in fig. 1, the number of the acceleration sensors is not necessarily the same as the number of the electrodes, the positions of the acceleration sensors are not necessarily the same as the positions of the electrode plates, and the distribution positions of the electrocardio arrays and the acceleration arrays can be arranged according to actual needs; according to the invention, the space synchronization problem can be solved by fixing different types of sensors (such as an electrode and an acceleration sensor) together;
as shown in FIG. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, 16+16 channels, that is, 16 electrocardiograph channels and 16 acceleration signal channels are adopted, 3 in the figure is a lead wire for transmitting electrocardiograph signals, and the lead wire can adopt a medical lead wire, a common lead wire or a conductive yarn, wherein the connection mode between the common lead wire and the conductive yarn and the electrode includes: welding, knotting, sewing, embroidering, pasting (conductive adhesive tape or conductive glue) and fastening; and 4, a wire is used for transmitting acceleration signals, and the wire can be a common wire or conductive yarn.
And the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for: the method is used for converting the electrocardiosignal into an electrocardiosignal digital signal and specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, 5 is an analog-to-digital conversion module (i.e. ADC Analog to Digital Converter), which can use ADS1298 of texas instruments to convert the collected electrocardiograph signals into digital signals that can be read by a multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module, and the module can also be built by itself using an amplifier or other elements. Since the acceleration sensor is already acquiring a digital signal, no conversion is needed.
The multichannel multi-mode signal acquisition module comprises: the method comprises the steps of synchronously acquiring electrocardio digital signals and acceleration signals of all channels through ADC driving and sensor driving, marking a time stamp for the signals of each channel by utilizing a global clock, so that the time of the electrocardio signals and the acceleration signals are synchronous, and specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, 6 is a multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module, in which an ADC driver and a sensor driver respectively acquire an electrocardiographic digital signal and an acceleration signal of each channel, and since there are a total of 16+16 channels of signal data in the embodiment of the present invention, after one channel is read, the communication module may still transmit signal data of other channels, so that a buffer queue is used to temporarily store data to be transmitted;
the multichannel multi-mode signal acquisition module further comprises a communication module, and is used for sending the electrocardio digital signals and the acceleration signals to the upper computer for display;
in addition, the multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module further comprises a global clock. The global clock is independent of the driving module and the communication module and serves as a time reference of all channel data. The concrete working mode is as follows: the method comprises the steps that the global clock outputs time to each driving module, the driving modules start to read data after receiving a data ready signal of a sensor or an ADC, the output time of the global clock is latched into an internal register of the driving modules to serve as a time stamp of the data when the data is read, and the data read completion signal is output to a buffer queue, and the buffer queue reads and stores the data and the time stamp; the communication module scans the buffer queue and reads the data and the time stamp of each driving module; in order to enable the upper computer to correctly position the initial position of one frame of data, the communication module also inserts a packet header to the forefront end of the data; in order for the upper computer to correctly distinguish the channels to which the current data belongs, the communication module also inserts a 'tag word' to code all the channels. The packet structure is shown in fig. 3.
The multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module can adopt a singlechip, a DSP (digital signal processor) or an FPGA (field programmable gate array) as a controller. The singlechip is used as a controller, so that the development and maintenance are simple, the parallelization reading and the data processing are difficult to realize, the speed is low, and the data rate is difficult to improve. The FPGA is used, development and maintenance difficulty is high, parallel reading, processing and data transmission can be realized, the speed is high, and the data rate of the analog-to-digital conversion module can be utilized to the maximum extent. In the embodiment of the invention, the FPGA is used as a controller of the multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module to acquire data. The circuit with corresponding functions can be generated in the circuit through programming, and the circuit can start to run simultaneously after being powered on, so that the circuit has natural parallelism and is suitable for multichannel signal acquisition application. The problems of multiple channels and multiple modes can be solved by only writing corresponding drivers for different types of sensors and copying the drivers according to the number of the sensors.
Preferably, a filter circuit can be added before the analog-to-digital conversion module to perform analog filtering on the original electrocardiosignal, so that partial noise is removed, and the signal quality is improved;
preferably, a digital signal processing program can be added into the multichannel multi-mode signal acquisition module to carry out digital filtering on electrocardiosignals, so that noise in the signals is removed, and the signal quality is improved;
preferably, a program for adjusting the sampling frequency can be added into the multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module, so that a user can adjust the data rate according to actual needs;
preferably, a plurality of communication modules such as serial ports (CH 340, PL 2303), bluetooth (FSC-BT 836), USB2.0 (CY 7C 68013), USB3.0 (CYUSB 3014), gigabit ethernet (RTL 8211) and the like can be added to the multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module, and in practical application, the most convenient communication mode can be selected according to practical requirements;
preferably, a storage module such as an SD card, a hard disk and the like can be added into the multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module;
preferably, a battery module can be added into the multi-channel multi-mode signal acquisition module;
preferably, an electromagnetic shielding housing may be added to the multi-channel multi-modal signal acquisition module.
In one embodiment, the host computer: the method comprises the following steps of: the device comprises an electrocardio digital signal, an acceleration signal, a display module and a control module, wherein the electrocardio digital signal and the acceleration signal are used for filtering, filtering noise, decomposing the acceleration signal into a heart shock signal and a heart sound-like signal, and the display module is used for: interpolation and alignment are carried out on the data of each channel, and the electrocardiograph digital signals, the heart shake signals and the heart sound-like signals are displayed in a contour line mode, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in fig. 2, 7 is an upper computer, after receiving a frame of data packet, the upper computer first locates the start position of a frame of data by searching the packet header, scans and reads the tag word, the time stamp and the data backward, decodes the tag word, identifies the channel to which the data belongs, and stores the data and the time stamp into a corresponding array. After all data reception is completed, the data is saved in the host computer.
Secondly, the upper computer needs to preprocess the received data by using a signal preprocessing module. As shown in figure 4, the preprocessing process of the acceleration signal is that firstly, the high-pass filtering 1 is used for filtering the interference caused by respiration and body movement on the acceleration signal, and then the high-pass filtering 2 and the low-pass filtering are used for respectively obtaining the heart sound like signal and the heart shock signal after the interference is removed. In this embodiment, the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filter 1 is 2 Hz, and the cut-off frequencies of the high-pass filter 2 and the low-pass filter are 18 Hz. The selection of the filtering parameters may be changed according to the application scenario, and is not limited to the present embodiment. The preprocessing of the electrocardiosignal only needs to be purposefully filtered according to the frequency range of noise.
When the preprocessed data is displayed through the display module, the upper computer reads the preprocessed data locally and interpolates and aligns the preprocessed data, as shown in fig. 5, when interpolation and alignment are performed, one channel is selected as a reference channel, and the data of all other channels are aligned with the data of the reference channel. Firstly, reestablishing a new array for the data of each channel, wherein the length of the new array is determined according to the interpolation rate, taking fig. 5 as an example, the interpolation rate is 10, and therefore, the length of the new array is 10 times that of the original data; and meanwhile, the time difference of two adjacent frames of data after interpolation is ensured not to exceed the minimum resolution of the time stamp. After the new array is built, the data of all channels are stored into a new array, and the position of each frame of data in the new array is calculated according to the time stamp. Interpolation (linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc.) is then used to fill in the blank locations in the new array. And finally, selecting the data which should be reserved in each channel according to the time stamp of the reference array, wherein the data is the data aligned with the reference array.
The invention adopts the contour diagram form to display the spatial distribution of the heart electromechanical data, and simultaneously, the contour diagram is enabled to dynamically change along with time (namely in the form of video), so that the problem of the display of the spatial distribution of the heart electromechanical signal along with time can be displayed. Fig. 6, 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of imaging effects of a bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source, wherein 9 is an electrocardiographic original waveform, 10 is an electrocardiographic original waveform, 11 is an electrocardiographic array contour map converted by an upper computer, 12 is an electrocardiographic array contour map converted by an upper computer, 13 is a heart-like original waveform, and 14 is a heart-like acoustic array contour map converted by an upper computer.
The above examples are provided for the purpose of describing the present invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various equivalents and modifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system comprising the following modules:
sensing array: the method comprises the steps that an electrode and an acceleration sensor are respectively arranged on the skin of a human body in an electrocardio array and acceleration array mode, and electrocardio signals and acceleration signals at different positions of the human body are respectively obtained;
and the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for: the electrocardiosignals are used for converting the electrocardiosignals into electrocardiosignals;
the multichannel multi-mode signal acquisition module comprises: synchronously acquiring the electrocardio digital signals and the acceleration signals of each channel through ADC driving and sensor driving, and marking a time stamp for the signals of each channel by utilizing a global clock so as to ensure that the electrocardio digital signals and the acceleration signals are time-synchronous;
the upper computer: the device comprises a signal preprocessing module and a display module.
2. A bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system according to claim 1, wherein each of said cardiac electrical signals or acceleration signals is transmitted through a corresponding channel.
3. The bimodal cardiac electromechanical physiological source imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the signal preprocessing module is configured to filter the electrocardiographic digital signal and the acceleration signal, filter noise, and decompose the acceleration signal into a heart shock signal and a heart sound-like signal; the display module is used for interpolating and aligning the data of each channel and displaying the electrocardio digital signals, the heart shake signals and the heart sound-like signals in a contour line mode.
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| US20050102001A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-12 | Maile Keith R. | Dual-use sensor for rate responsive pacing and heart sound monitoring |
| CN109310371A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2019-02-05 | 阿克瑞克公司 | Quantitative seismocardiography |
| CN211674226U (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-10-16 | 北京信息科技大学 | Multichannel bioelectricity signal acquisition system |
| CN114159091A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-11 | 大连理工大学 | Heart sound propagation relation detection system based on wearable sensor array |
| CN114762611A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-19 | 成都汇声科技有限公司 | Processing method of multiple dynamic parameters of body and application of processing method in ejection fraction |
| CN115736938A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-07 | 东南大学 | Multi-mode physiological signal acquisition device |
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2023
- 2023-07-27 CN CN202310928300.5A patent/CN116671928A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050102001A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-12 | Maile Keith R. | Dual-use sensor for rate responsive pacing and heart sound monitoring |
| CN109310371A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2019-02-05 | 阿克瑞克公司 | Quantitative seismocardiography |
| CN211674226U (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-10-16 | 北京信息科技大学 | Multichannel bioelectricity signal acquisition system |
| CN114762611A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-19 | 成都汇声科技有限公司 | Processing method of multiple dynamic parameters of body and application of processing method in ejection fraction |
| CN114159091A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-11 | 大连理工大学 | Heart sound propagation relation detection system based on wearable sensor array |
| CN115736938A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-07 | 东南大学 | Multi-mode physiological signal acquisition device |
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