CN116669549A - 具有改善的漂移、铺展、吸收和耐雨特性的农业化学品组合物 - Google Patents
具有改善的漂移、铺展、吸收和耐雨特性的农业化学品组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116669549A CN116669549A CN202180086776.8A CN202180086776A CN116669549A CN 116669549 A CN116669549 A CN 116669549A CN 202180086776 A CN202180086776 A CN 202180086776A CN 116669549 A CN116669549 A CN 116669549A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及农业化学品组合物:其用于叶面施用的用途;其在低喷雾量下的用途;其通过无人机系统(UAS)、无人导引车(UGV)和安装有配备传统喷嘴以及脉宽调制喷嘴的喷杆式喷雾器或转盘式液滴施用器的牵引车的用途;以及其用于防治农业害虫、杂草或病害的应用,特别是在蜡质叶上的应用,并且特别地,本发明涉及具有降低的漂移的农业化学品组合物,特别是在喷雾施用中。
Description
本发明涉及农业化学品组合物:其用于叶面施用的用途;其在低喷雾量下的用途;其通过无人机系统(UAS)、无人导引车(UGV)和安装有配备传统喷嘴以及脉宽调制喷嘴(pulse width modulation spray nozzle)的喷杆式喷雾器或转盘式液滴施用器(rotating disc droplet applicator)的牵引车的用途;以及其用于防治农业害虫、杂草或病害的应用,特别是在蜡质叶上的应用,并且特别地,本发明涉及具有降低的漂移的农业化学品组合物,特别是在喷雾施用中。
农药活性化合物(AI),例如除草剂、杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、植物生长调节剂等和其配制产品通常(通常在含水喷雾液中稀释后)被喷雾到植物和/或其生境。
虽然现代农业在以安全和可持续的方式生产充足的食物方面仍面临许多挑战,但也需要利用作物保护产品来提高安全性、质量和产量,同时使对环境和农业用地的影响最小化。许多作物保护产品——无论是化学的还是生物的——通常以相对较高的喷雾量进行施用,例如在选定情况下大于50L/ha,并且通常为>150-400L/ha。其结果是必须消耗大量能量来携带大量喷雾液,然后通过喷雾施用将其施用于作物。这可以通过大型牵引车进行,由于牵引车的重量以及喷雾液体的重量,所涉及的机械作业会产生二氧化碳(CO2),并且还会导致土壤的有害压实,影响植物的根系生长、健康和产量,以及随后在修复这些影响时耗费的能量。
此外,当施用这种喷雾制剂时,可以观察到包含活性物质的喷雾溶液或多或少地发生明显漂移,这取决于风况、喷嘴类型以及其他施用参数,例如喷嘴压力、喷杆高度和牵引车速度。
农药喷雾漂移是农业对自然生态系统和城市地区的环境影响的一个主要关切来源。此外,这种漂移是不希望的,因为就处理区域的预期施用率而言,这会损失一部分所施用的农业化学品。
更重要的是,漂移的物质可能会伤害邻近作物,尤其是对当地环境有影响(例如地表水、非目标的植物群和动物群)以及对旁观者和居民区的居住者也有影响。
需要一种这样的解决方案,其在喷雾时能够显著减少活性成分/制剂的漂移,同时优选减少大量的喷雾液并减轻施用该产品所需设备的重量。
使用各种方法来防止喷雾漂移到田边外。众所周知的是使用自然或人造防风墙。然而,据记载,即使使用这种屏障,漂移仍会导致活性物质在这些边界后沉积(例如,“Deposition of spray drift behind border structures”,M.De Schampheleire等人,Crop Protection 28(2009)1061-1075)。另一种常用的减轻漂移的措施是缓冲区,不种作物(off-crop)或种作物(in-crop)。不种作物缓冲区的缺点是一部分土地无法种植作物,这对农民来说是一种经济成本。种作物缓冲区的缺点是一部分作物没有得到充分的保护,导致较低的产量并可能导致抗性发展。显然,这是农民想要避免的。
除了物理上限制喷雾漂移外,也可以通过改变喷雾云的结构,从而减少容易漂移的液滴——即,这些易于漂移的液滴的直径通常小于100μm。这可以通过以下方式来完成:选择不同类型的喷嘴、改变产生喷雾云的压力或通过改变喷雾液体本身的性质。尤其是改变喷嘴和/或喷嘴压力是农民不愿意做的,因为这会花费时间并且会使他们的作物生产更加昂贵。此外,喷雾器上处理可变施用率所需的设备并不常见。由于这些原因,优化喷雾云的更可被接受的方法是通过调节喷雾液体的性质,从而使其产生较少的或更有限的漂移。
尽管有其他因素例如气象状况和喷杆高度可能导致漂移,但是喷雾液滴的尺寸分布已被发现是主要因素。Teske等人(Teske M.E.,Hewitt A.J.,Valcore,D.L.2004.TheRole ofSmall Droplets in Classifying Drop Size Distributions ILASS Americas17th Annual Conference:Arlington VA)已经报道了小于156微米(μm)的值是导致漂移的喷雾液滴分布的一部分。其他研究者认为直径小于150μm的液滴最易漂移(J.H.Combellack,N.M.Westen and R.G.Richardson,Crop Prot.,1996,15,147–152,O.Permin, and K.Persson,Crop Prot.,1992,11,541–546)。另一组(H.Zhu,R.W.Dexter,R.D.Fox,D.L.Reichard,R.D.Brazee and H.E.Ozkan,J.Agric.Engineering Res.,1997,67,35–45.)提出了小于200μm的值为可漂移部分。基于理论研究和计算机模拟,直径小于100μm的喷雾液滴已被认定为是最易漂移的(H.Holterman,Kinetics and evaporation of water drops in air,2003,IMAG Report2003-12;P.A.Hobson,P.C.H.Miller,P.J.Walklate,C.R.Tuck and N.M.Western,J.Agr.Eng.Res.,1993,54,293–305;P.C.H.Miller,The measurement of spray drift,Pesticide Outlook,2003,14,205–209)。因此,对可能导致漂移的液滴尺寸的一个较好的预估是小于约100μm的部分(可漂移部分)。液滴越小,则在空气中的停留时间越长,蒸发和/或漂移而不沉积在田边内的趋势就越高。将漂移效应最小化的方法是通过在农药制剂中加入合适的漂移控制剂,以增大液滴在喷雾云中的尺寸——即,将液滴谱移向更大的液滴。当在寻找解决漂移问题的方案时,必须考虑不降低所得应用的生物性能。使用增加喷雾液滴尺寸的制剂(罐装(in-can)和桶混物(tank-mix))可能会在某种程度上降低功效,这主要是因为减少了覆盖(例如“Biological efficacy of herbicides and fungicides appliedwith low-drift and twin-fluid nozzles”P.K.Jensen等人,Crop Protection 20(2001)57-64)。较大液滴在叶片表面上的滞留可能会缩短,因为它们会径流或反弹或破裂并重新分布。较少的粘附在叶片表面上的较大液滴可降低整体生物学功效。此外,对于那些喷雾云必须渗透到作物冠层的作物,非常大的液滴可以直接穿过冠层,或从叶片上反弹,或破裂并重新分布到土壤。以大液滴施用活性化合物的这些作用都可导致功效降低。
还必须考虑到,添加到制剂中以改善功效、储存性、耐雨性(rainfastness)和其他重要特性的许多化合物往往会对喷雾液的漂移特性产生负面影响,即,倾向于减小液滴尺寸或增强之后的蒸发。
此外,在农业上,包括无人机系统(UAS)、无人导引车(UGV)和安装有配备脉宽调制喷嘴的喷杆式喷雾器或转盘式液滴施用器的牵引车的低喷雾量施用技术为农民提供了以低喷雾量——通常低至10至20L/ha或更少——施用产品的解决方案。这些解决方案的优点包括例如,它们需要显著更少的水(这在供水有限的地区很重要);需要更少的能量来运输和施用喷雾液;由于更快地填充喷雾罐和更快地施用而更加快捷;由于减少待运输喷雾液的量和使用更小更轻的车辆而减少了CO2产生;减少土壤压实的破坏;以及使得能够使用更便宜的施用系统。
然而,Wang等人[Field evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)sprayer:effect of spray volume on deposition and the control of pests anddisease in wheat.Pest Management Science 2019doi/epdf/10.1002/ps.5321]已证明,随着喷雾量从450和225L/ha减少到28.1、16.8和9.0L/ha,在水敏纸上测量的覆盖率(面积%)、单位面积上喷雾沉积物的数量和喷雾沉积物的直径都减小了(参见Wang等人,2019中的表3)。同时,小麦蚜虫防治和白粉病防治的生物防治功效在低喷雾量下均下降,其中在9.0L/ha时观察到下降最大,其次是16.8L/ha(参见Wang等人,2019中的图6、7和8)。
因此,需要设计这样的制剂体系,其克服在低喷雾量下喷雾沉积物的覆盖率和直径的减小,即使单位面积喷雾沉积物的数量在减少:随着喷雾量的减少,对于相同的喷雾液滴谱尺寸,每单位面积喷雾沉积物的数量成比例地减少。这在低于25L/ha,更尤其是在低于17L/ha,并且甚至更尤其是在10L/ha及以下时尤其必要。
此外,由于喷雾溶液中用以增强铺展和植物吸收的助剂浓度的增加,喷雾溶液被洗脱(wash-off)的机会更高,这是因为助剂及其中的铺展剂的局部浓度较高。
此外,低喷雾量制剂和喷雾液中表面活性剂的浓度越高,通常会导致液滴尺寸越小,从而增加漂移。
因此,需要提供这样的制剂,其不仅在以“标准”量(50-500L/ha)喷雾时,而且根据本发明以超低喷雾量喷雾时,均表现出良好的作物覆盖率,从而提供良好的生物功效,同时具有良好的或可接受的吸收并且不表现出较高的洗脱。
该解决方案由根据权利要求1的制剂提供,具体地由这样的制剂提供,其含有特定的漂移减少剂并结合特定浓度的选定的铺展剂、吸收剂和耐雨剂(rainfastness agent)。这种制剂提供最低的或至少保持的漂移,同时在低喷雾量下提供喷雾沉积物的增加的覆盖率和增加的直径,同时保持或改善了吸收性、铺展性、生物功效和耐雨性。此外,喷雾沉积物的增加的覆盖率和增加的直径与在正常较高喷雾量下获得的覆盖率相当。
此外,本发明示例的制剂在难以润湿的叶片表面上(其中更加常规的喷雾量具有差的保留和覆盖率)特别有效。
对于低容量施用而言,与正常更高喷雾量下所需的水平相比,所有成分的总量较低产生的本发明的一个特别的优点是制剂的成本较低且易于生产。其他优点包括改善的制剂稳定性和简化的制造、较低的货物成本以及对环境的影响较小。
现有技术中已知的含有漂移减少剂的制剂(也适用于桶混)主要设计用于高得多的喷雾量,并且通常在喷雾液中含有较低浓度的铺展剂。然而,由于现有技术中使用的高喷雾量,使得所使用的铺展剂的总量并且因此在环境中的铺展剂的总量均高于本发明。
漂移减少剂的浓度是本发明的一个重要要素,这是因为特别是对于油基漂移抑制剂——也用作渗透促进剂——在低得多的浓度下已发生合适的效果,然后是活性物质渗透的任何效果。因此,通过少量的所述油且对环境较小的影响,可以显著减少漂移。“少量的所述漂移减少剂(也称为漂移抑制剂)是指低于25g/L。这意味着,使用5-10g/ha的量已经可以实现良好的漂移减少,而无需常规的100-500g/ha,这对于吸收效果而言是必须存在的。
另一方面,高油含量增加了产品的体积、制造复杂性,并能够降低产品的稳定性,因此,如果不需要其作为吸收促进剂或溶剂,则应避免它们。
实现了漂移减少剂的最低浓度,通常为0.5g/L。
就低容量施用中的铺展剂而言,在现有技术中使用的500L/ha的喷雾量中,将需要约250g/ha的铺展剂以实现合适的铺展。因此,面对减少喷雾量的任务,技术人员将在制剂中应用相同浓度的铺展剂。例如,对于10L/ha的喷雾量,需要约5g/ha(在喷雾液中为约0.05%)的表面活性剂。然而,在如此低的容量下,使用如此低的铺展剂浓度无法实现充分的铺展(参见实施例)。
此外,如上所述,根据本发明,必须存在吸收促进剂以使活性成分能够被植物吸收,从而增强生物功效,同时必须存在耐雨添加剂,从而防止以无法忍受量的被洗脱。
如在先申请中所表明的,我们发现随着喷雾量的减少而增加铺展剂的浓度可以补偿由于喷雾量的减少而造成的覆盖率损失(由于铺展不充分)。出人意料地发现,喷雾量每减少50%,表面活性剂的浓度应大致加倍。
因此,与本领域已知的制剂相比,尽管铺展剂的绝对浓度增加了,但可降低每公顷的相对总量,这在经济和生态两方面都是有利的,同时当考虑到低容量施用的其他益处时,例如由于较低的货物成本而产生的较低的制剂成本,具有较低工作成本的较小的车辆,较少的土壤压实等,本发明的制剂的覆盖率和功效得到改善、维持或至少保持在可接受的水平。
此外,我们出乎意料地发现,当与本领域已知的不含漂移抑制剂的制剂相比时,本发明的制剂表现出低漂移性、良好的铺展性以及相当的或增强的活性成分吸收。
还发现,尽管有高浓度的铺展剂、润湿剂和吸收促进剂,本发明制剂的耐雨性和漂移减少仍与基于现有技术的参考制剂相当或更好。
此外,发现当将植物油的甲酯用作b)时,观察到对制剂的发泡有积极影响(即泡沫减少),特别是与有机硅铺展剂有关。
如上所述,取决于叶片表面纹理,本发明的制剂特别适合于低容量施用。Bico等人[Wetting of textured surfaces,Colloids and Surfaces A,206(2002年)第41-46页]已经确定,与光滑表面相比,有纹理的表面可以增加接触角小于90°的制剂喷雾稀释液的润湿,并减少接触角大于90°的润湿。
叶片表面、特别是有纹理的叶片表面也是如此,当以本发明的方法喷雾时,由于本发明的具有高浓度铺展剂的制剂的低喷雾量,导致铺展剂的总量(每公顷)较低。可以证明,喷雾液对叶片表面的覆盖率非常高,甚至达到大于通常预期的水平。
有纹理的叶片表面包括表面上含有微米级蜡晶体的叶片,例如,如大蒜、洋葱、韭葱、大豆(≤GS 16(BBCH 16))、燕麦、小麦、大麦、水稻、甘蔗、菠萝、香蕉、亚麻籽、百合、兰花、玉米(≤GS 15(BBCH 15))、卷心菜、抱子甘蓝、西兰花、花椰菜、黑麦、油菜籽、郁金香和花生,以及具有表面纹理的叶片,例如莲属植物叶。
显然,在具有纹理叶片表面的杂草上的施用也是如此,例如决明(Cassiaobtusifolia)、藜(Chenopodium album)、偃麦草(Agropyron repens)、大穗看麦娘(Alopecurus myosuroides)、阿披拉草(Apera spica-venti)、野燕麦(Avena fatua)、车前臂形草(Brachiaria plantaginea)、黑麦状雀麦(Bromus secalinus)、绊根草(Cynodondactylon)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli)、洋野黍(Panicum dichotomiflorum)、早熟禾(Poa annua)、大狗尾草(Setaria faberi)和强生草(Sorghum halepense)等。
表面纹理可通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察来确定,并且叶片润湿性可通过测量水滴在叶片表面形成的接触角来确定。
总之,本发明的目的是提供这样一种制剂,其可以以高(200-500L/ha或甚至更高)至低容量(即<20L/ha)进行施用,同时仍提供良好的漂移减少、叶片覆盖率、吸收性和针对真菌病原体、杂草和害虫的生物功效,并提供良好的耐雨性,同时减少每公顷施用的额外添加剂的量,并提供一种以高至低容量(<20L/ha)使用所述制剂的方法,以及所述制剂用于如上文定义的低容量施用的用途。
虽然优选在有纹理的叶片上施用,但出人意料地发现,在无纹理的叶片上,与200L/ha的传统喷雾施用制剂相比,本发明的制剂也显示出良好的铺展和覆盖率以及其他特性。
在一方面,本发明涉及本发明的组合物用于叶面施用的用途。
如果没有另外说明,本申请中的%是指重量百分比(w/w%)。
应当理解的是,在各种组分组合的情况下,制剂中所有组分的百分比总是合计达100。
此外,如果没有另外说明,对于水提及的“补足至总量(to volume)”表示用水补足至1000mL(1L)的制剂总体积。为了清楚起见,应当理解的是,如果不清楚,则制剂的密度应理解为1g/cm3。
在本发明的上下文中,水基农业化学品组合物包含至少5%的水并且包括悬浮浓缩物、水悬浮液、悬乳剂或胶囊悬浮液,优选悬浮浓缩物和水悬浮液。
此外,应当理解的是,本说明书中给出的施用量或施用率的优选给定范围以及各个成分的优选给定范围可以自由组合,并且所有组合在本文中公开,然而,在更优选的实施方案中,所述成分优选以相同优选程度的范围存在,并且甚至更优选所述成分以最优选的范围存在。
应进一步理解的是,本发明的制剂不是指桶混物制剂,而是指即用型(罐装)制剂,其可以在不进一步添加助剂——如表面活性剂、润湿剂、吸收促进剂、漂移或耐雨性桶混物添加剂——的情况下使用。
图1示出了小麦叶片上的喷雾沉积物。(i)和(iii)的喷雾稀释液浓度为10L/ha,(ii)和(iv)的喷雾稀释液浓度为200L/ha。(i)和(ii)是参考配方,(iii)和(iv)是说明本发明的配方。图像取自实施例FN13。
一方面,本发明涉及一种制剂,其包含:
a)一种或多种活性成分,
b)一种或多种漂移减少剂
c)一种或多种铺展剂,
d)一种或多种吸收促进剂,
e)一种或多种耐雨添加剂,
f)其他助剂(formulant),
g)补足至总量(1L或1kg)的一种或多种载体,
其中在一个优选的实施方案中,b)为植物油或植物油酯或二酯,在另一个实施方案中,组分b)是聚合物漂移减少剂。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,c)以5至150g/L存在,其中b)以0.01至50g/L存在。
如果本发明中没有另外说明,则通常使用载体使制剂定容。优选地,本发明制剂中的载体的浓度为至少5%w/w,更优选至少10%w/w,例如至少20%w/w、至少40%w/w、至少50%w/w、至少60%w/w、至少70%w/w和至少80%w/w或分别至少50g/L,更优选至少100g/L,例如至少200g/L、至少400g/L、至少500g/L、至少600g/L、至少700g/L和至少800g/L。
优选地,所述制剂用于作物的喷雾施用。
在其他优选的实施方案中,所述制剂是含有颗粒形式的活性成分的可流动剂型,特别是SC、SE和OD制剂。最优选剂型是SC剂型。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,以及对于说明书的以下实施方案,载体为水。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的制剂包含:
a)一种或多种活性成分,
b)一种或多种漂移减少成分
c)一种或多种铺展剂,
d)一种或多种吸收促进剂,
e)一种或多种耐雨添加剂,
f)任选的其他助剂,
g)补足至总量的一种或多种载体,
所述制剂包含以下量的组分a)至g):
a)5至500g/L,
b)0.01至50g/L,在b)是植物油或酯的情况下,其为1至50g/L,在b)是漂移减少聚合物的情况下,其为0.05至3g/L,
c)5至150g/L,
d)10至180g/L,
e)5至150g/L,
g)补足至总量的载体。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的制剂包含:
a)一种或多种活性成分,
b)一种或多种漂移减少成分
c)一种或多种铺展剂,
d)一种或多种吸收促进剂,
e)一种或多种耐雨添加剂,
f1)至少一种合适的非离子表面活性剂和/或合适的离子表面活性剂,
f2)任选地,流变改性剂,
f3)任选地,合适的消泡物质,
f4)任选地,合适的防冻剂,
f5)任选地,合适的其他助剂,
g)补足至总量的载体,
其中c)以5至150g/L存在,并且其中甚至更优选将水作为载体,其中在一个优选实施方案中,b)是植物油或植物油酯或二酯,在另一个实施方案中,组分b)是聚合物漂移减少剂。
在另一个实施方案中,f2、f3、f4和f5中的至少一个是必须的,优选地,f1、f2、f3、f4和f5中的至少两个是必须的,在又一个实施方案中,f1、f2、f3、f4和f5是必须的。
在一个优选的实施方案中,优选地,组分a)以5至500g/L,优选10至320g/L,最优选20至230g/L的量存在。
在一个替代实施方案中,组分a)是杀真菌剂。
在一个替代实施方案中,组分a)是杀虫剂。
在一个替代实施方案中,组分a)是除草剂。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组分b)以0.01至50g/L,优选0.1至30g/L,最优选1至20g/L存在。
在b)选自植物油和酯的情况下,则b)优选以1至50g/L,优选5至30g/L,最优选8至25g/L存在。
在b)选自聚合物漂移减少剂的情况下,则b)优选以0.05至10g/L,优选0.1至8g/L,最优选0.2至6g/L存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组分c)以5至150g/L,优选10至120g/L,最优选20至80g/L存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组分d)以10至180g/L,优选20至150g/L,最优选30至140g/L存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组分e)以5至150g/L,优选10至100g/L,最优选20至80g/L存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,一种或多种组分f1)以4至250g/L,优选8至120g/L,最优选10至80g/L存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,一种或多种组分f2)以0至60g/L,优选1至20g/L,最优选2至10g/L存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,一种或多种组分f3)以0至30g/L,优选0.5至20g/L,最优选1至12g/L存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,一种或多种组分f4)以0至200g/L,优选5至150g/L,最优选10至120g/L存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,一种或多种组分f5)以0至200g/L,优选0.1至120g/L,最优选0.5至80g/L存在。
在一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含以下量的组分a)至f):
a)5至500g/L,优选10至320g/L,最优选20至230g/L,
b)0.01至50g/L,优选0.1至30g/L,最优选1至20g/L,在b)是植物油或酯的情况下,则其为1至50g/L,优选5至30g/L,最优选8至25g/L,在b)是漂移减少聚合物的情况下,则其为0.05至10g/L,优选0.1至8g/L,最优选0.2至6g/L,
c)5至150g/L,优选10至120g/L,最优选20至80g/L,
d)10至180g/L,优选20至150g/L,最优选30至140g/L,
e)5至150g/L,优选10至100g/L,最优选20至80g/L,
f)4至250g/L,优选8至120g/L,最优选10至80g/L,
g)补足至总量的载体。
在另一实施方案中,所述制剂包含以下量的组分a)至f):
a)5至500g/L,优选10至320g/L,最优选20至230g/L,
b)0.01至50g/L,优选0.1至30g/L,最优选1至20g/L,在b)是植物油或酯的情况下,则其为1至50g/L,优选5至30g/L,最优选8至25g/L,在b)是漂移减少聚合物的情况下,则其为0.05至10g/L,优选0.1至8g/L,最优选0.2至6g/L,
c)5至150g/L,优选10至120g/L,最优选20至80g/L,
d)10至180g/L,优选20至150g/L,最优选30至140g/L,
e)5至150g/L,优选10至100g/L,最优选20至80g/L,
f1)4至250g/L,优选8至120g/L,最优选10至80g/L,
f2)0至60g/L,优选1至20g/L,最优选2至10g/L,
f3)0至30g/L,优选0.5至20g/L,最优选1至12g/L,
f4)0至200g/L,优选5至150g/L,最优选10至120g/L,
f5)0至200g/L,优选0.1至120g/L,最优选0.5至80g/L,
g)补足至总量的载体。
在一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含:
a)25至35g/L的fluoxapiprolin和190至210g/L的氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)的混合物,
b)8至12g/L的植物油,优选向日葵油,或在一个替代实施方案中,0.3至0.5g/L的聚环氧乙烷,优选其平均分子量为400万g/mol,
c)15至25g/L的铺展剂,优选在丙二醇中的二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(65-70%),
d)90-110g/L的吸收促进剂,优选乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元,
e)40-60g/L的耐雨添加剂,优选地,优选聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合,
f)2-5g/L的流变改性剂(f2),其选自多糖,90 -110g/L的防冻剂(f4),优选丙三醇,3-5g/L的消泡剂(f3),防腐剂(f5),1.5 -2.3g/L的1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3(2H)-酮,以及25-35g/L的至少一种其他化合物f),
g)补足至总量(1L)的作为载体的水。
在一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含:
a)190至210g/L的氟吡菌胺,
b)12至18g/L的植物油酯,优选油菜籽油甲酯,
c)30至50g/L的至少一种铺展剂,优选10至30g/L的在丙二醇中的二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(65-70%)和20至40g/L的聚醚改性七甲基三硅氧烷,
d)50-70g/L的吸收促进剂,优选乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元,
e)40-60g/L的耐雨添加剂,优选地,优选聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合,
f)3-4g/L的流变改性剂(f2),其选自多糖,4-5.5g/L的另一流变改性剂,其选自粘土,50 -70g/L的防冻剂(f4),优选丙三醇,8-12g/L的消泡剂(f3),2-3g/L的至少一种防腐剂(f5),以及2 -3g/L的磷酸盐缓冲液,
g)补足至总量(1L)的作为载体的水。
在一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含:
a)110至130g/L的异噻菌胺(isotianil)和90至110g/L的肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)的混合物,
b)8至12g/L的植物油,优选向日葵油,
c)25至35g/L的至少一种铺展剂,优选10至20g/L的在丙二醇中的二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(65-70%)和10至20g/L的乙氧基化的二乙炔二醇,
d)20-40g/L的吸收促进剂,优选乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元,
e)35-45g/L的耐雨添加剂,优选地,优选聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合,
f)3-5g/L的流变改性剂(f2),其选自多糖,80 -100g/L的防冻剂(f4),优选丙三醇,3-5g/L的消泡剂(f3),1.5 -2.8g/L的至少一种防腐剂(f5),以及10-55g/L的至少一种其他化合物f),
g)补足至总量(1L)的作为载体的水。
在一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含:
a)240至260g/L的氟吡菌酰胺(Fluopyram),
b)8至12g/L的植物油,优选向日葵油,或在一个替代实施方案中,0.3至0.5g/L的聚环氧乙烷,优选其平均分子量为400万g/mol,
c)20至30g/L的铺展剂,优选在丙二醇中的二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(65-70%),
d)120-140g/L的吸收促进剂,优选乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元,
e)30-50g/L的耐雨添加剂,优选地,优选聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合,
f)1.5-3.5g/L的流变改性剂(f2),其选自多糖,80 -100g/L的防冻剂(f4),优选丙三醇,2.5-4g/L的消泡剂(f3),2 -3g/L的至少一种防腐剂(f5),以及25-35g/L的至少一种其他化合物f),
g)补足至总量(1L)的作为载体的水。
应当理解的是,在使用固体载体的情况下,上述参考量是指1kg而不是1L,即g/kg。
如上所述,总是添加组分g)以补足至总量,即补足至1L或1kg。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,制剂仅由指定量和范围的上述成分a)至g)组成。
在一个优选的实施方案中,除草剂与安全剂组合使用,所述安全剂优选选自双苯恶唑酸(isoxadifen-ethyl)和吡唑解草酯(mefenpyr-diethyl)。
本发明还适用于施用上述制剂的方法,其中所述制剂以1至30L/ha,优选1至20L/ha,更优选2至15L/ha,最优选5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用。
更优选地,本发明适用于施用上述制剂的方法,其中所述制剂以1至30L/ha,优选1至20L/ha,更优选2至15L/ha,最优选5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用,c)以5至250g/L,优选8至120g/L,最优选10至80g/L的量存在,其中在进一步优选的实施方案中,a)以5至500g/L,优选10至320g/L,最优选20至230g/L的量存在,甚至进一步优选b)以0.01至50g/L,优选0.1至30g/L,最优选1至20g/L的量存在,在b)为植物油或酯的情况下,则其以1至50g/L,优选5至30g/L、最优选8至25g/L的量存在,在b)为漂移减少聚合物的情况下,则其以0.05至10g/L,优选0.1至8g/L,最优选0.2至6g/L的量存在,甚至进一步优选c)以5至150g/L,优选10至120g/L,最优选20至80g/L的量存在,而且更优选d)以10至180g/L,优选20至150g/L,最优选30至140g/L的量存在。
另一方面,本发明适用于施用上述参考制剂的方法,
其中所述制剂以1至30L/ha,优选1至20L/ha,更优选2至15L/ha,最优选5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用,以及
其中优选地,施用于作物的a)的施用量为2至150g/ha,优选5至120g/ha,更优选20至100g/ha。
此外,在b)为植物油或植物油的酯的情况下,则漂移减少剂b)优选以0.1g/ha至50g/ha,更优选1g/ha至40g/ha,最优选5g/ha至30g/ha施用。
此外,在b)为聚合物的情况下,则漂移减少剂b)优选以0.01g/ha至25g/ha,更优选0.05g/ha至10g/ha,最优选0.1g/ha至6g/ha施用。
与上述作为漂移减少剂的油相比,相应的聚合物必须以更高的浓度存在于本发明的制剂中,以防聚合物之后以更大的喷雾量喷雾,这是因为稀释对这些聚合物的影响更大。
此外,铺展剂c)优选以5g/ha至150g/ha,更优选7.5g/ha至100g/ha,最优选10g/ha至60g/ha施用。
在一个实施方案中,用上述方法施用于作物的a)的施用量为2至10g/ha。
在另一个实施方案中,用上述方法施用于作物的a)的施用量为40至110g/ha。
在上述施用的一个实施方案中,活性成分(ai)a)优选以2至150g/ha,优选5至120g/ha,更优选20至100g/ha施用,同时相应地,铺展剂优选以10g/ha至100g/ha,更优选20g/ha至80g/ha,最优选40g/ha至60g/ha施用。
特别地,本发明的制剂可以1至20L/ha、优选2至15L/ha、更优选5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用于具有纹理的叶片表面的植物或作物,优选施用于小麦、大麦、稻、油菜籽、大豆(幼苗)和卷心菜。
此外,本发明涉及一种使用1至20L/ha,优选2至15L/ha,更优选5至15L/ha的喷雾量处理具有纹理的叶片表面的作物的方法,所述作物优选为小麦、大麦、稻、油菜籽、大豆(幼苗)和卷心菜。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将上述施用应用于具有纹理的叶片表面的作物,优选应用于小麦、大麦、稻、油菜籽、大豆(幼苗)和卷心菜。
在一个实施方案中,活性成分是杀真菌剂或两种杀真菌剂的混合物或三种杀真菌剂的混合物。
在另一个实施方案中,活性成分是杀虫剂或两种杀虫剂的混合物或三种杀虫剂的混合物。
在又一个实施方案中,活性成分是除草剂或两种除草剂的混合物或三种除草剂的混合物,其中优选在混合物中的混配物是安全剂。
在一个实施方案中,如本文所述的农业化学品组合物的喷雾液中添加剂b)至e)的浓度为:
添加剂b)的浓度为0.005至1g/L,最优选0.04至0.6g/L,其中b)为聚合物,
添加剂b)的浓度为0.01至5g/L,最优选0.02至2.5g/L,其中b)为油添加剂c)的浓度为0.25至5g/L,最优选1至3g/L,
添加剂d)的浓度为1至20g/L,最优选2至8g/L,
添加剂e)的浓度为0.5至10g/L,最优选2至6g/L。
在一个实施方案中,如本文所述的农业化学品组合物的喷雾液中每公顷中添加剂b)至e)的剂量为:
添加剂b)的剂量为0.05至10g/ha,最优选0.4至6g/ha,其中b)为聚合物,
添加剂b)的剂量为0.1至50g/ha,最优选0.2至30g/ha,其中b)为油,
添加剂c)的剂量为1.25至50g/ha,最优选10至30g/ha,
添加剂d)的剂量为10至200g/ha,最优选40至80g/ha,
添加剂e)的剂量为5至100g/ha,最优选20至60g/ha。
在一个实施方案中,制剂中的浓度、喷雾液中的浓度和每公顷中添加剂b)至e)的剂量以下列方式组合:
添加剂b)在制剂中为0.4至6g/L,在喷雾液中为0.02至0.6g/L,剂量为0.2至6g/ha,其中b)为聚合物,
添加剂b)在制剂中为0.1至50g/L,在喷雾液中为0.01至5g/L,剂量为0.2至30g/ha,其中b)为油,
添加剂c)在制剂中为10至40g/L,在喷雾液中为0.5至4g/L,剂量为8至30g/ha,
添加剂d)在制剂中为40至160g/L,在喷雾液中为2至8g/L,剂量为40至80g/ha,
添加剂e)在制剂中为20至80g/L,在喷雾液中为1至6g/L,剂量为20至60g/ha。
针对施用剂量,本发明的制剂中铺展剂(c)的相应剂量为:
2L/ha的液体制剂,递送:
-50g/ha的铺展剂含有25g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-30g/ha的铺展剂含有15g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-12g/ha的铺展剂含有6g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-10g/ha的铺展剂含有5g/L的表面活性剂(c)。
1L/ha的液体制剂,递送:
-50g/ha的铺展剂含有50g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-30g/ha的铺展剂含有30g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-12g/ha的铺展剂含有12g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-10g/ha的铺展剂含有10g/L的表面活性剂(c)。
0.5L/ha的液体制剂,递送:
-50g/ha的铺展剂含有100g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-30g/ha的铺展剂含有60g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-12g/ha的铺展剂含有24g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-10g/ha的铺展剂含有20g/L的表面活性剂(c)。
0.2L/ha液体制剂,递送:
-50g/ha的铺展剂含有250g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-30g/ha的铺展剂含有150g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-12g/ha的铺展剂含有60g/L的表面活性剂(c),
-10g/ha的铺展剂含有50g/L的表面活性剂(c)。
2kg/ha的固体制剂,递送:
-50g/ha的铺展剂含有25g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-30g/ha的铺展剂含有15g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-12g/ha的铺展剂含有6g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-10g/ha的铺展剂含有5g/kg的表面活性剂(c)。
1kg/ha的固体制剂,递送:
-50g/ha的铺展剂含有50g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-30g/ha的铺展剂含有30g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-12g/ha的铺展剂含有12g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-10g/ha的铺展剂含有10g/kg的表面活性剂(c)。
0.5kg/ha的固体制剂,递送:
-50g/ha的铺展剂含有100g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-30g/ha的铺展剂含有60g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-12g/ha的铺展剂含有24g/kg的表面活性剂(c),
-10g/ha的铺展剂含有20g/kg的表面活性剂(c)。
可以相同的方式计算以每公顷其他剂量比施用的制剂中铺展剂(c)的浓度。
在本发明的上下文中,合适的制剂类型定义为悬浮浓缩物、水性悬浮液、悬乳剂或胶囊悬浮液、乳液浓缩物、水分散性颗粒、油分散体、乳油、可分散浓缩物、可湿性颗粒,优选悬浮浓缩物、水性悬浮液、悬乳剂和油分散体,其中在非水性制剂或固体制剂的情况下,通过加水获得可喷雾制剂。
活性成分(a):
此处通过通用名称标识的活性化合物是已知的,并且记载于例如农药手册(“ThePesticide Manual(农药手册)”第16版,英国作物保护委员会(British Crop ProtectionCouncil)2012年)中,或者可以在互联网上找到(例如http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)。所述分类基于提交本专利申请时的现行IRAC作用方式分类方案。
本发明的杀真菌剂(a)的实例为:
1)麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂,例如(1.001)环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)、(1.002)苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、(1.003)氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、(1.004)环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、(1.005)苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、(1.006)丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、(1.007)胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、(1.008)氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、(1.009)粉唑醇(flutriafol)、(1.010)抑霉唑(imazalil)、(1.011)抑霉唑硫酸盐(imazalil sulfate)、(1.012)种菌唑(ipconazole)、(1.013)叶菌唑(metconazole)、(1.014)腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、(1.015)多效唑(paclobutrazol)、(1.016)咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、(1.017)丙环唑(propiconazole)、(1.018)丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、(1.019)啶菌恶唑(pyrisoxazole)、(1.020)螺环菌胺(spiroxamine)、(1.021)戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、(1.022)四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、(1.023)三唑醇(triadimenol)、(1.024)克啉菌(tridemorph)、(1.025)灭菌唑(triticonazole)、(1.026)(1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇、(1.027)(1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇、(1.028)(2R)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.029)(2R)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.030)(2R)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.031)(2S)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.032)(2S)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.033)(2S)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.034)(R)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.035)(S)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.036)[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.037)1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.038)1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.039)1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.040)1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.041)1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.042)2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.043)2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.044)2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.045)2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.046)2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.047)2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.048)2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.049)2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.050)2-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.051)2-[2-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.052)2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.053)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.054)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)戊-2-醇、(1.055)氯氟醚菌唑(Mefentrifluconazole)、(1.056)2-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.057)2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.058)2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.059)5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇、(1.060)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.061)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.062)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.063)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基(sulfanyl)}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.064)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.065)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.066)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(五氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.067)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-四氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.068)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.069)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-四氟丙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.070)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(五氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.071)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.072)N'-(4-{[3-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]硫基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.073)N'-(4-{3-[(二氟甲基)硫基]苯氧基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.074)N'-[5-溴-6-(2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基氧基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.075)N'-{4-[(4,5-二氯-1,3-噻唑-2-基)氧基]-2,5-二甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.076)N'-{5-溴-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.077)N'-{5-溴-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.078)N'-{5-溴-6-[(顺式-4-异丙基环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.079)N'-{5-溴-6-[(反式-4-异丙基环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.080)N'-{5-溴-6-[1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.081)Ipfentrifluconazole、(1.082)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.083)2-[6-(4-溴苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.084)2-[6-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.085)3-[2-(1-氯环丙基)-3-(3-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-羟基-丙基]咪唑-4-甲腈、(1.086)4-[[6-[rac-(2R)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,1-二氟-2-羟基-3-(5-硫基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙基]-3-吡啶基]氧基]苄腈、(1.087)N-异丙基-N'-[5-甲氧基-2-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟-1-羟基-1-苯乙基)苯基]-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.088)N'-{5-溴-2-甲基-6-[(1-丙氧基丙-2-基)氧基]吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.089)己唑醇(hexaconazole)、(1.090)戊菌唑(penconazole)、(1.091)腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)。
2)呼吸链复合物I或II的抑制剂,例如(2.001)苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、(2.002)联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、(2.003)啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、(2.004)萎锈灵(carboxin)、(2.005)氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、(2.006)氟酰胺(flutolanil)、(2.007)氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)、(2.008)呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)、(2.009)异丙噻菌胺(Isofetamid)、(2.010)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构对映异构体1R,4S,9S)、(2.011)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构对映异构体1S,4R,9R)、(2.012)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR)、(2.013)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS和反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR的混合物)、(2.014)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构对映异构体1R,4S,9R)、(2.015)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构对映异构体1S,4R,9S)、(2.016)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS)、(2.017)氟唑菌苯胺(penflufen)、(2.018)吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、(2.019)氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen)、(2.020)Pyraziflumid、(2.021)氟唑环菌胺(sedaxane)、(2.022)1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.023)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.024)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.025)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[2'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.026)2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)苯甲酰胺、(2.027)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.028)inpyrfluxam、(2.029)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.030)fluindapyr、(2.031)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.032)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3S)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.033)5,8-二氟-N-[2-(2-氟-4-{[4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]氧基}苯基)乙基]喹唑啉-4-胺、(2.034)N-(2-环戊基-5-氟苄基-)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.035)N-(2-叔丁基-5-甲基苄基-)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.036)N-(2-叔丁基苄基-)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.037)N-(5-氯-2-乙基苄基-)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.038)isoflucypram、(2.039)N-[(1R,4S)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-桥亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.040)N-[(1S,4R)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-桥亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.041)N-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.042)N-[2-氯-6-(三氟甲基)苄基-]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.043)N-[3-氯-2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苄基-]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.044)N-[5-氯-2-(三氟甲基)苄基-]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.045)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-N-[5-甲基-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.046)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-氟-6-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.047)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基-5-甲基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.048)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-硫代甲酰胺、(2.049)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.050)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(5-氟-2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.051)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-4,5-二甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.052)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-氟苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.053)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.054)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-氟苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.055)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-甲基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.056)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.057)pyrapropoyne、(2.058)N-[rac-(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)环丁基]-2-(三氟甲基)-烟酰胺、(2.059)N-[(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)环丁基]-2-(三氟甲基)烟酰胺。
3)呼吸链复合物III的抑制剂,例如(3.001)唑嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)、(3.002)安美速(amisulbrom)、(3.003)嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、(3.004)甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)、(3.005)丁香菌酯(coumoxystrobin)、(3.006)氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、(3.007)醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、(3.008)烯肟菌酯(enoxastrobin)、(3.009)噁唑菌酮(famoxadone)、(3.010)咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、(3.011)氟菌螨酯(flufenoxystrobin)、(3.012)氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、(3.013)醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、(3.014)苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、(3.015)肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、(3.016)啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、(3.017)唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、(3.018)唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)、(3.019)唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、(3.020)肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、(3.021)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-氟-2-苯基乙烯基]氧基}苯基)亚乙基]氨基}氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.022)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-烯酰胺、(3.023)(2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.024)(2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.025)fenpicoxamid、(3.026)mandestrobin、(3.027)N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基)-3-甲酰胺基-2-羟基苯甲酰胺、(3.028)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-烯酰胺、(3.029){5-[3-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-2-甲基苄基}氨基甲酸甲酯、(3.030)metyltetraprole、(3.031)florylpicoxamid。
4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂,例如(4.001)多菌灵(carbendazim)、(4.002)乙霉威(diethofencarb)、(4.003)噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、(4.004)氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、(4.005)戊菌隆(pencycuron)、(4.006)噻苯咪唑(thiabendazole)、(4.007)甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、(4.008)苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、(4.009)pyridachlometyl、(4.010)3-氯-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基哒嗪、(4.011)3-氯-5-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-4-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)哒嗪、(4.012)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.013)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.014)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.015)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.016)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.017)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.018)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.019)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.020)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.021)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.022)4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3,6-二甲基哒嗪、(4.023)N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.024)N-(2-溴苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.025)N-(4-氯-2,6-二氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.026)fluopimomide。
5)能够具有多位点作用的化合物,例如(5.001)波尔多液(bordeaux mixture)、(5.002)敌菌丹(captafol)、(5.003)克菌丹(captan)、(5.004)百菌清(chlorothalonil)、(5.005)氢氧化铜、(5.006)环烷酸铜(copper naphthenate)、(5.007)氧化铜、(5.008)氧氯化铜(copper oxychloride)、(5.009)硫酸铜(2+)(copper(2+)sulfate)、(5.010)二噻农(dithianon)、(5.011)多果定(dodine)、(5.012)灭菌丹(folpet)、(5.013)代森锰锌(mancozeb)、(5.014)代森锰(maneb)、(5.015)代森联(metiram)、(5.016)代森联锌(metiram zinc)、(5.017)喹啉铜(oxine-copper)、(5.018)丙森锌(propineb)、(5.019)硫和硫制剂(包括多硫化钙)、(5.020)福美双(thiram)、(5.021)代森锌(zineb)、(5.022)福美锌(ziram)、(5.023)6-乙基-5,7-二氧代-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3',4':5,6][1,4]二噻英并[2,3-c][1,2]噻唑-3-甲腈。
6)能够引起宿主防御的化合物,例如(6.001)苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、(6.002)异噻菌胺(isotianil)、(6.003)烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、(6.004)噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)。
7)氨基酸和/或蛋白质生物合成抑制剂,例如(7.001)嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、(7.002)春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、(7.003)春雷霉素盐酸盐水合物(kasugamycinhydrochloride hydrate)、(7.004)土霉素(oxytetracycline)、(7.005)嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、(7.006)3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉。
8)ATP生成抑制剂,例如(8.001)硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)。
9)细胞壁合成抑制剂,例如(9.001)苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、(9.002)烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、(9.003)氟吗啉(flumorph)、(9.004)缬霉威(iprovalicarb)、(9.005)双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、(9.006)丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph)、(9.007)缬菌胺(valifenalate)、(9.008)(2E)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、(9.009)(2Z)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮。
10)脂质和膜合成抑制剂,例如(10.001)霜霉威(propamocarb)、(10.002)霜霉威盐酸盐(propamocarb hydrochloride)、(10.003)甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)。
11)黑色素生物合成抑制剂,例如(11.001)三环唑(tricyclazole)、(11.002)tolprocarb。
12)核酸合成抑制剂,例如(12.001)苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、(12.002)高效苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)(kiralaxyl)、(12.003)甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、(12.004)高效甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(mefenoxam)。
13)信号转导抑制剂,例如(13.001)咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、(13.002)异菌脲(iprodione)、(13.003)腐霉利(procymidone)、(13.004)丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、(13.005)喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、(13.006)乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)。
14)能够作为解偶联剂的化合物,例如(14.001)氟啶胺(fluazinam)、(14.002)消螨多(meptyldinocap)。
15)其他杀真菌剂,其选自(15.001)脱落酸(abscisic acid)、(15.002)苯噻硫氰(benthiazole)、(15.003)bethoxazin、(15.004)卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、(15.005)香芹酮(carvone)、(15.006)灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、(15.007)硫杂灵(cufraneb)、(15.008)环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、(15.009)霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、(15.010)环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulfamide)、(15.011)flutianil、(15.012)三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、(15.013)乙膦酸钙(fosetyl-calcium)、(15.014)乙膦酸钠(fosetyl-sodium)、(15.015)异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、(15.016)苯菌酮(metrafenone)、(15.017)灭粉霉素(mildiomycin)、(15.018)游霉素(natamycin)、(15.019)二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、(15.020)酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、(15.021)oxamocarb、(15.022)氟噻唑吡乙酮(oxathiapiprolin)、(15.023)oxyfenthiin、(15.024)五氯苯酚(pentachlorophenol)及盐、(15.025)亚磷酸及其盐、(15.026)霜霉威-乙膦酸盐(propamocarb-fosetylate)、(15.027)pyriofenone(chlazafenone)、(15.028)异丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)、(15.029)叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、(15.030)甲磺菌胺(tolnifanide)、(15.031)1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.032)1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.033)2-(6-苄基吡啶-2-基)喹唑啉、(15.034)dipymetitrone、(15.035)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.036)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氯-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.037)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氟-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.038)2-[6-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基吡啶-2-基]喹唑啉、(15.039)2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.040)2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.041)Ipflufenoquin、(15.042)2-{2-氟-6-[(8-氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧基]苯基}丙-2-醇、(15.043)fluoxapiprolin、(15.044)2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.045)2-苯基苯酚及盐、(15.046)3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.047)quinofumelin、(15.048)4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇(互变异构形式:4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2(1H)-酮)、(15.049)4-氧代-4-[(2-苯基乙基)氨基]丁酸、(15.050)5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、(15.051)5-氯-N'-苯基-N'-(丙-2-炔-1-基)噻吩-2-磺酰肼、(15.052)5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.053)5-氟-2-[(4-甲基苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.054)9-氟-2,2-二甲基-5-(喹啉-3-基)-2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并氧氮杂环庚烷、(15.055){6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸丁-3-炔-1-基酯、(15.056)(2Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯、(15.057)吩嗪-1-甲酸、(15.058)3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯、(15.059)喹啉-8-醇、(15.060)喹啉-8-醇硫酸酯(2:1)、(15.061){6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯、(15.062)5-氟-4-亚氨基-3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮、(15.063)aminopyrifen、(15.064)(N'-[2-氯-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺)、(15.065)(N'-(2-氯-5-甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺)、(15.066)(2-{2-[(7,8-二氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧基]-6-氟苯基}丙-2-醇)、(15.067)(5-溴-1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)、(15.068)(3-(4,4-二氟-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氢噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶-7-基)喹啉)、(15.069)(1-(4,5-二甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)、(15.070)8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹诺酮、(15.071)8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹诺酮、(15.072)3-(4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)-8-氟喹啉、(15.073)(N-甲基-N-苯基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺)、(15.074)({4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基}氨基甲酸甲酯)、(15.075)(N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}环丙烷甲酰胺)、(15.076)N-甲基-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.077)N-[(E)-甲氧基亚氨基甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.078)N-[(Z)-甲氧基亚氨基甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.079)N-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.080)N-(2-氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.081)2,2-二氟-N-甲基-2-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]乙酰胺、(15.082)N-烯丙基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]乙酰胺、(15.083)N-[(E)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-碳亚氨基]-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.084)N-[(Z)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-碳亚氨基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.085)N-烯丙基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]-甲基]丙酰胺、(15.086)4,4-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯烷-2-酮、(15.087)N-甲基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]硫代苯甲酰胺、(15.088)5-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯烷-2-酮、(15.089)N-((2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]-3,3,3-三氟-丙酰胺、(15.090)1-甲氧基-1-甲基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.091)1,1-二乙基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.092)N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基)甲基)丙酰胺、(15.093)N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.094)1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.095)N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基)环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.096)N,2-二甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.097)N-乙基-2-甲基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.098)1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.099)1,3-二甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.100)3-乙基-1-甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.101)1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.102)4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.103)5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.104)3,3-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.105)1-[[3-氟-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]氮杂环庚(azepan)-2-酮、(15.106)4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.107)5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.108)1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸乙酯、(15.109)N,N-二甲基-1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-胺、(15.110)N-{2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}丁酰胺、(15.111)N-(1-甲基环丙基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.112)N-(2,4-二氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.113)1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.114)1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.115)1-(5-(氟甲基)-6-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.116)1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲氧基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.117)二甲基-氨基甲酸4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基酯、(15.118)N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基}丙酰胺、(15.119)3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧七环(benzodioxepin)-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.120)9-氟-3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧七环-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.121)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧七环-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.122)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-9-氟-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧七环-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.123)1-(6,7-二甲基吡唑[1,5-a]吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.124)8-氟-N-(4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基)喹啉-3-甲酰胺、(15.125)8-氟-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基]喹啉-3-甲酰胺、(15.126)N-(2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基)-8-氟喹啉-3-甲酰胺和(15.127)N-[(2S)-2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基]-8-氟喹啉-3-甲酰胺。
本发明的杀虫剂(a)的实例为:
(1)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂,例如氨基甲酸酯类:棉铃威(Alanycarb)、涕灭威(Aldicarb)、恶虫威(Bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(Benfuracarb)、丁酮威(Butocarboxim)、丁酮砜威(Butoxycarboxim)、西维因(Carbaryl)、克百威(Carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(Carbosulfan)、乙硫苯威(Ethiofencarb)、仲丁威(Fenobucarb)、伐虫脒(Formetanate)、呋线威(Furathiocarb)、异丙威(Isoprocarb)、灭梭威(Methiocarb)、灭多威(Methomyl)、速灭威(Metolcarb)、杀线威(Oxamyl)、抗蚜威(Pirimicarb)、残杀威(Propoxur)、硫双威(Thiodicarb)、久效威(Thiofanox)、唑蚜威(Triazamate)、混灭威(Trimethacarb)、灭除威(XMC)和灭杀威(Xylylcarb),或者有机磷酸酯,例如乙酰甲胺磷(Acephat)、甲基吡恶磷(Azamethiphos)、益棉磷(Azinphos-ethyl)、保棉磷(Azinphos-methyl)、硫线磷(Cadusafos)、氯氧磷(Chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(Chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(Chlormephos)、甲基毒死蜱(Chloropyrifos-methyl)、蝇毒磷(Coumaphos)、杀螟腈(Cyanophos)、硫赶式甲基内吸磷(Demeton-S-methyl)、二嗪磷(Diazinon)、敌敌畏(Dichlorvos/DDVP)、百治磷(Dicrotophos)、乐果(Dimethoat)、甲基毒虫畏(Dimethylvinphos)、乙拌磷(Disulfoton)、苯硫磷(EPN)、乙硫磷(Ethion)、丙线磷(Ethoprophos)、伐灭磷(Famphur)、苯线磷(Fenamiphos)、杀螟硫磷(Fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(Fenthion)、噻唑膦(Fosthiazate)、庚烯磷(Heptenophos)、Imicyafos、异柳磷(Isofenphos)、O-(甲氧基氨基硫代磷酰基)水杨酸异丙酯、异恶唑磷(Isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(Malathion)、灭蚜蜱(Mecarbam)、甲胺磷(Methamidophos)、杀扑磷(Methidathion)、速灭磷(Mevinphos)、久效磷(Monocrotophos)、二溴磷(Naled)、氧乐果(Omethoate)、砜吸磷(Oxydemeton-methyl)、对硫磷甲酯(Parathion-methyl)、稻丰散(Phenthoat)、甲拌磷(Phorat)、伏杀硫磷(Phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(Phosmet)、磷胺(Phosphamidon)、辛硫磷(Phoxim)、甲基嘧啶磷(Pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(Profenofos)、胺丙畏(Propetamphos)、丙硫磷(Prothiofos)、吡唑硫磷(Pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(Pyridaphenthion)、喹硫磷(Quinalphos)、治螟磷(Sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(Tebupirimfos)、双硫磷(Temephos)、特丁磷(Terbufos)、杀虫畏(Tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(Thiometon)、三唑磷(Triazophos)、敌百虫(Trichlorfon)和蚜灭磷(Vamidothion)。
(2)GABA门控氯化物通道拮抗剂,优选环二烯-有机氯类,其选自氯丹(Chlordane)和硫丹(Endosulfan),或者苯基吡唑类(Fiprole),其选自乙虫腈(Ethiprole)和氟虫腈(Fipronil)。
(3)钠通道调节剂/电压依赖性的钠通道阻断剂,例如拟除虫菊酯类(Pyrethroids),例如氟丙菊酯(Acrinathrin)、烯丙菊酯(Allethrin)、右旋顺式反式烯丙菊酯、右旋反式烯丙菊酯、联苯菊酯(Bifenthrin)、生物烯丙菊酯(Bioallethrin)、生物烯丙菊酯S-环戊烯基异构体、生物苄呋菊酯(Bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(Cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(Cyfluthrin)、β-氟氯氰菊酯(beta-Cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(Cyhalothrin)、λ-氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-Cyhalothrin)、γ-氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-Cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(Cypermethrin)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-Cypermethrin)、β-氯氰菊酯(beta-Cypermethrin)、θ-氯氰菊酯(theta-Cypermethrin)、ζ-氯氰菊酯(zeta-Cypermethrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(Cyphenothrin)[(1R)-反式-异构体]、溴氰菊酯(Deltamethrin)、右旋烯炔菊酯(Empenthrin)[(EZ)-(1R)-异构体]、高氰戊菊酯(Esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(Etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(Fenpropathrin)、氰戊菊酯(Fenvalerate)、氟氰戊菊酯(Flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(Flumethrin)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-Fluvalinate)、苄螨醚(Halfenprox)、炔咪菊酯(Imiprothrin)、噻恩菊酯(Kadethrin)、Momfluorothrin、氯菊酯(Permethrin)、苯醚菊酯(Phenothrin)[(1R)-反式-异构体]、炔丙菊酯(Prallethrin)、除虫菊素(除虫菊)(Pyrethrins(Pyrethrum))、苄呋菊酯(Resmethrin)、氟硅菊酯(Silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(Tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(Tetramethrin)、胺菊酯(Tetramethrin)[(1R)异构体)]、四溴菊酯(Tralomethrin)和四氟苯菊酯(Transfluthrin)或者滴滴涕(DDT)或甲氧氯。
(4)烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)竞争性激活剂,优选新烟碱类(Neonicotinoides),其选自啶虫脒(Acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(Clothianidin)、呋虫胺(Dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(Imidacloprid)、烯啶虫胺(Nitenpyram)、噻虫啉(Thiacloprid)和噻虫嗪(Thiamethoxam),或烟碱,或者选自氟啶虫胺腈(Sulfoxaflor)的亚砜亚胺(Sulfoximine)类,或者选自氟吡呋喃酮(Flupyradifurone)的丁烯酸内酯(Butenolide)类,或者选自三氟苯嘧啶(Triflumezopyrim)的介离子类(Mesoionics)。
(5)烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)变构激活剂,优选多杀霉素类(Spinosynes),其选自乙基多杀菌素(Spinetoram)和多杀菌素(Spinosad)。
(6)谷氨酸依赖性氯化物通道(GluCl)变构调节剂,优选阿维菌素/米尔贝霉素(Avermectins/Milbemycins)类,其选自阿维菌素(Abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(Emamectin benzoate)、雷皮菌素(Lepimectin)和弥拜菌素(Milbemectin)。
(7)保幼激素模拟物类,优选保幼激素类似物,其选自烯虫乙酯(Hydropren)、烯虫炔酯(Kinopren)和烯虫酯(Methopren),或苯氧威(Fenoxycarb)或吡丙醚(Pyriproxyfen)。
(8)各种非特异性(多位点)抑制剂,优选烷基卤化物,其选自甲基溴和其他烷基卤化物,或氯化苦(Chloropicrin)或硫酰氟(Sulfurylfluorid)或硼砂(Borax)或吐酒石(Tartar emetic),或选自Diazomet和威百亩(Metam)的异氰酸甲酯产生剂。
(9)弦音器官TRPV通道调节剂,其选自吡蚜酮(Pymetrozin)和氟虫吡喹(Pyrifluquinazon)。
(10)螨生长抑制剂,其选自四螨嗪(Clofentezin)、噻螨酮(Hexythiazox)、氟螨嗪(Diflovidazin)和乙螨唑(Etoxazol)。
(11)昆虫肠道膜微生物干扰剂,其选自苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(Bacillusthuringiensis subspecies israelensis)、球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、苏云金芽孢杆菌鲇泽亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库斯塔克亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki)、苏云金芽孢杆菌拟步行甲亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis)和B.t.植物蛋白,所述B.t.植物蛋白选自Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Fa、Cry1A.105、Cry2Ab、Vip3A、mCry3A、Cry3Ab、Cry3Bb和Cry34Ab1/35Ab1。
(12)线粒体ATP合酶抑制剂,优选选自丁醚脲(Diafenthiuron)的ATP干扰剂,或选自三唑锡(Azocyclotin)的有机锡化合物,三环锡(Cyhexatin)和苯丁锡(Fenbutatin-oxid),或克螨特(Propargit)或四氯杀螨砜(Tetradifon)。
(13)通过中断质子梯度作用的氧化磷酸化的解偶联剂,选自溴虫腈(Chlorfenapyr)、二硝甲酚(DNOC)和氟虫胺(Sulfluramid)。
(14)烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体通道阻断剂,选自杀虫磺(Bensultap)、杀螟丹盐酸盐(Cartap-hydrochlorid)、杀虫环(Thiocylam)和杀虫双(Thiosultap-Sodium)。
(15)0型几丁质生物合成抑制剂,其选自双三氟虫脲(Bistrifluron)、氟啶脲(Chlorfluazuron)、除虫脲(Diflubenzuron)、氟环脲(Flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(Flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(Hexaflumuron)、虱螨脲(Lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(Novaluron)、多氟脲(Noviflumuron)、氟苯脲(Teflubenzuron)和杀铃脲(Triflumuron)。
(16)1型几丁质生物合成抑制剂,其选自噻嗪酮(Buprofezin)。
(17)蜕皮干扰剂(特别是双翅目(dipteras),即双翅类昆虫),其选自灭蝇胺(Cyromazin)。
(18)蜕皮激素受体激动剂,选自环虫酰肼(Chromafenozid)、氯虫酰肼(Halofenozid)、甲氧虫酰肼(Methoxyfenozid)和虫酰肼(Tebufenozid)。
(19)章鱼胺受体激动剂,选自双甲脒(Amitraz)。
(20)线粒体复合物III电子传递抑制剂,选自氟蚁腙(Hydramethylnon)、灭螨醌(Acequinocyl)和嘧螨酯(Fluacrypyrim)。
(21)线粒体复合物I电子传递抑制剂,优选所谓的METI杀螨剂,其选自喹螨醚(Fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(Fenpyroximat)、嘧螨醚(Pyrimidifen)、哒螨灵(Pyridaben)、吡螨胺(Tebufenpyrad)和唑虫酰胺(Tolfenpyrad);或鱼藤酮(Rotenon(Derris))。
(22)电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂,其选自茚虫威(Indoxacarb)和氰氟虫腙(Metaflumizone)。
(23)乙酰基辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,优选特窗酸(Tetronic acid)和特特拉姆酸(Tetramic acid)衍生物,其选自螺螨酯(Spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(Spiromesifen)、螺虫乙酯(Spirotetramat)和Spidoxamate(IUPAC名称为:11-(4-氯-2,6-二甲苯基)-12-羟基-1,4-二氧杂-9-氮杂二螺[4.2.4.2]十四碳烷-11-烯-10-酮)。
(24)线粒体复合物IV电子传递抑制剂,优选膦类,其选自磷化铝、磷化钙、膦和磷化锌;或氰化物,其选自氰化钙、氰化钾和氰化钠。
(25)线粒体复合物II电子传递抑制剂,优选β-酮腈衍生物,其选自腈吡螨酯(Cyenopyrafen)和丁氟螨酯(Cyflumetofen),或选自Pyflubumid的甲酰苯胺类。
(28)兰尼碱受体调节剂,优选二酰胺类,其选自氯虫苯甲酰胺(Chlorantraniliprol)、溴氰虫酰胺(Cyantraniliprol)和氟虫双酰胺(Flubendiamid)。
(29)弦音器官调节剂(具有不明确的靶结构),选自氟啶虫酰胺(Flonicamid)。
(30)其他活性成分,其选自Acynonapyr、Afidopyropen、阿福拉纳(Afoxolaner)、印楝素(Azadirachtin)、Benclothiaz、苯螨特(Benzoximat)、Benzpyrimoxan、联苯肼酯(Bifenazat)、溴虫氟苯双酰胺(Broflanilid)、溴螨酯(Bromopropylat)、灭螨猛(Chinomethionat)、右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯(Chloroprallethrin)、冰晶石(Cryolit)、环溴虫酰胺(Cyclaniliprol)、环氧虫啶(Cycloxaprid)、氯氟氰虫酰胺(Cyhalodiamid)、Dicloromezotiaz、三氯杀螨醇(Dicofol)、Dimpropyridaz、ε-甲氧苄氟菊酯(epsilon-Metofluthrin)、ε-Momfluthrin、Flometoquin、三氟咪啶酰胺(Fluazaindolizin)、氟噻虫砜(Fluensulfon)、嘧虫胺(Flufenerim)、氟菌螨酯(Flufenoxystrobin)、丁虫腈(Flufiprol)、Fluhexafon、氟吡菌酰胺(Fluopyram)、Flupyrimin、氟雷拉纳(Fluralaner)、Fluxametamid、呋喃虫酰肼(Fufenozid)、戊吡虫胍(Guadipyr)、七氟甲醚菊酯(Heptafluthrin)、氯噻啉(Imidaclothiz)、异菌脲(Iprodione)、Isocycloseram、κ-联苯菊酯、κ-七氟菊酯、洛替拉纳(Lotilaner)、氯氟醚菊酯(Meperfluthrin)、Oxazosulfyl、哌虫啶(Paichongding)、啶虫丙醚(Pyridalyl)、氟虫吡喹(Pyrifluquinazon)、嘧螨胺(Pyriminostrobin)、螺螨双酯(Spirobudiclofen)、Spiropidion、四氟醚菊酯(Tetramethylfluthrin)、四唑虫酰胺(Tetraniliprol)、四氯虫酰胺(Tetrachlorantraniliprole)、Tigolaner、Tioxazafen、硫氟肟醚(Thiofluoximat)和碘甲烷;产自坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)(I-1582,BioNeem,Votivo)的产物以及以下化合物:1-{2-氟-4-甲基-5-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)亚磺酰基]苯基}-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-胺(由WO2006/043635已知)(CAS 885026-50-6)、{1'-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]-5-氟代螺[吲哚-3,4'-哌啶]-1(2H)-基}(2-氯吡啶-4-基)甲酮(由WO2003/106457已知)(CAS 637360-23-7)、2-氯-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]哌啶-4-基}-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]异烟酰胺(由WO2006/003494已知)(CAS 872999-66-1)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-4-羟基-8-甲氧基-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-2-酮(由WO 2010052161已知)(CAS 1225292-17-0)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-氧代-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基碳酸乙酯(由EP2647626已知)(CAS 1440516-42-6)、4-(丁-2-炔-1-基氧基)-6-(3,5-二甲基哌啶-1-基)-5-氟嘧啶(由WO2004/099160已知)(CAS 792914-58-0)、PF1364(由JP2010/018586已知)(CAS登记号1204776-60-2)、(3E)-3-[1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-吡啶亚基]-1,1,1-三氟丙烷-2-酮(由WO2013/144213已知)(CAS 1461743-15-6)、N-[3-(苄基氨基甲酰基)-4-氯苯基]-1-甲基-3-(五氟乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(由WO2010/051926已知)(CAS 1226889-14-0)、5-溴-4-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-(甲基氨基甲酰基)苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺(由CN103232431已知)(CAS1449220-44-3)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(顺式-1-氧代-3-硫杂环丁烷基)-苯甲酰胺、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(反式-1-氧代-3-硫杂环丁烷基)-苯甲酰胺和4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(顺式-1-氧代-3-硫杂环丁烷基)苯甲酰胺(由WO 2013/050317A1已知)(CAS 1332628-83-7)、N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚磺酰基]-丙酰胺、(+)-N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚磺酰基]-丙酰胺和(-)-N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚磺酰基]-丙酰胺(由WO 2013/162715 A2、WO 2013/162716 A2、US 2014/0213448A1已知)(CAS 1477923-37-7)、5-[[(2E)-3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基]氨基]-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-[(三氟甲基)亚磺酰基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈(由CN 101337937 A已知)(CAS 1105672-77-2)、3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲基氨基)硫代甲基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺,(Liudaibenjiaxuanan,由CN 103109816 A已知)(CAS 1232543-85-9);N-[4-氯-2-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]-6-甲基苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(氟甲氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(由WO 2012/034403 A1已知)(CAS 1268277-22-0)、N-[2-(5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(由WO 2011/085575A1已知)(CAS 1233882-22-8)、4-[3-[2,6-二氯-4-[(3,3-二氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氧基]苯氧基]丙氧基]-2-甲氧基-6-(三氟甲基)-嘧啶(由CN 101337940 A已知)(CAS 1108184-52-6);(2E)-2-[2-(4-氰基苯基)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚乙基]-N-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-肼甲酰胺和2(Z)-2-[2-(4-氰基苯基)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚乙基]-N-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-肼甲酰胺(由CN 101715774 A已知)(CAS 1232543-85-9);环丙烷甲酸3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基-4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯基酯(由CN 103524422 A已知)(CAS1542271-46-4);(4aS)-7-氯-2,5-二氢-2-[[(甲氧基羰基)[4-[(三氟甲基)硫基]苯基]氨基]羰基]-茚并[1,2-e][1,3,4]噁二嗪-4a(3H)-甲酸甲酯(由CN 102391261A已知)(CAS1370358-69-2);6-脱氧-3-O-乙基-2,4-二-O-甲基-1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]苯基]氨基甲酸酯]-α-L-吡喃甘露糖(由US 2014/0275503A1已知)(CAS 1181213-14-8);8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基-哒嗪-3-基)-3-氮杂-双环[3.2.1]辛烷(CAS 1253850-56-4)、(8-反式)-8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基-哒嗪-3-基)-3-氮杂-双环[3.2.1]辛烷(CAS933798-27-7)、(8-顺式)-8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基-哒嗪-3-基)-3-氮杂-双环[3.2.1]辛烷(由WO 2007040280A1、WO 2007040282 A1已知)(CAS934001-66-8)、N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)硫基]-丙酰胺(由WO 2015/058021A1、WO 2015/058028 A1已知)(CAS 1477919-27-9)和N-[4-(氨基硫代甲基)-2-甲基-6-[(甲基氨基)羰基]苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(由CN 103265527 A已知)(CAS 1452877-50-7)、5-(1,3-二噁烷-2-基)-4-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲氧基]-嘧啶(由WO 2013/115391A1已知)(CAS 1449021-97-9)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-1-甲基-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮(由WO 2014/187846 A1已知)(CAS 1638765-58-8)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-1-甲基-2-氧代-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基碳酸乙酯(由WO 2010/066780 A1、WO 2011151146A1已知)(CAS 1229023-00-0)、4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-二氯-4-氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-N-[(4R)-2-乙基-3-氧代-4-异噁唑烷基]-2-甲基-苯甲酰胺(由WO 2011/067272、WO2013/050302已知)(CAS 1309959-62-3)。
本发明的除草剂a)的实例为:
乙草胺(acetochlor)、三氟羧草醚(acifluorfen)、三氟羧草醚钠(acifluorfen-sodium)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、甲草胺(alachlor)、二丙烯草胺(allidochlor)、禾草灭(alloxydim)、禾草灭钠(alloxydim-sodium)、莠灭净(ametryn)、氨唑草酮(amicarbazone)、先甲草胺(amidochlor)、酰嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、4-氨基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(7-氟-1H-吲哚-6-基)吡啶-2-甲酸、氯丙嘧啶酸(aminocyclopyrachlor)、氯丙嘧啶酸钾(aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium)、氯丙嘧啶酸甲酯(aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl)、氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、杀草强(amitrole)、氨基磺酸铵(ammoniumsulfamate)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、磺草灵(asulam)、莠去津(atrazine)、唑啶草酮(azafenidin)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、草除灵(benazolin)、草除灵乙酯(benazolin-ethyl)、乙丁氟灵(benfluralin)、呋草黄(benfuresate)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron-methyl)、地散磷(bensulide)、灭草松(bentazone)、双环磺草酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、氟吡草酮(bicyclopyron)、甲羧除草醚(bifenox)、双丙氨膦(bilanafos)、双丙氨膦钠(bilanafos-sodium)、双草醚(bispyribac)、双草醚钠(bispyribac-sodium)、bixlozone、除草定(bromacil)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、溴酚肟(bromofenoxim)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、丁酰溴苯腈(bromoxynil-butyrate)、溴苯腈钾(bromoxynil-potassium)、庚酰溴苯腈(bromoxynil-heptanoate)和辛酰溴苯腈(bromoxynil-octanoate)、羟草酮(busoxinone)、丁草胺(butachlor)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、抑草磷(butamifos)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、仲丁灵(butralin)、丁苯草酮(butroxydim)、丁草敌(butylate)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、双酰草胺(carbetamide)、唑酮草酯(carfentrazone)、唑酮草酯(carfentrazone-ethyl)、草灭畏(chloramben)、氯溴隆(chlorbromuron)、1-{2-氯-3-[(3-环丙基-5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)羰基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基}哌啶-2-酮、4-{2-氯-3-[(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)甲基]-4-(甲基磺酰基)苯甲酰基}-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸酯、伐草克(chlorfenac)、伐草克钠(chlorfenac-sodium)、燕麦酯(chlorfenprop)、氯芴素(chlorflurenol)、氯芴素(chlorflurenol-methyl)、氯草敏(chloridazon)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron-ethyl)、2-[2-氯-4-(甲基磺酰基)-3-(吗啉-4-基甲基)苯甲酰基]-3-羟基环己-2-烯-1-酮、4-{2-氯-4-(甲基磺酰基)-3-[(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)甲基]苯甲酰基}-1-乙基-1H-吡唑-5-基-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸酯、氯酞酰亚胺(chlorophthalim)、绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、敌草索(chlorthal-dimethyl)、3-[5-氯-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-4-羟基-1-甲基咪唑烷-2-酮、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon-ethyl)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、醚磺隆(cinosulfuron)、氯酰草膦(clacyfos)、烯草酮(clethodim)、炔草酸(clodinafop)、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、异噁草松(clomazone)、氯甲酰草胺(clomeprop)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam-methyl)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、氨基氰(cyanamide)、氰草津(cyanazine)、环草敌(cycloate)、cyclopyranil、cyclopyrimorate、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、环草津(cyprazine)、2,4-D、2,4-D-丁氧基乙酯(2,4-D-butotyl)、2,4-D-丁酯(2,4-D-butyl)、2,4-D-二甲基铵(2,4-D-dimethylammonium)、2,4-D-二乙醇胺(2,4-D-diolamin)、2,4-D-乙酯(2,4-D-ethyl)、2,4-D-2-乙基己酯(2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl)、2,4-D-异丁酯、2,4-D-异辛酯、2,4-D-异丙基铵、2,4-D-钾、2,4-D-三异丙醇铵和2,4-D-三乙醇胺、2,4-DB、2,4-DB-丁酯、2,4-DB-二甲基铵、2,4-DB-异辛酯、2,4-DB-钾和2,4-DB-钠、杀草隆(daimuron(dymron))、茅草枯(dalapon)、棉隆(dazomet)、正癸醇、甜菜安(desmedipham)、detosyl-pyrazolate(DTP)、麦草畏、敌草腈(dichlobenil)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、精2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop-P)、禾草灵(diclofop)、禾草灵(diclofop-methyl)、精禾草灵(diclofop-P-methyl)、双氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)、二氟吡隆(diflufenzopyr)、二氟吡隆钠(diflufenzopyr-sodium)、噁唑隆(dimefuron)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、异戊乙净(dimethametryn)、二甲吩草胺(dimethenamid)、精二甲吩草胺(dimethenamid-P)、3-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-6-[(2-羟基-6-氧代环己-1-烯-1-基)羰基]-1-甲基喹唑啉-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮、1,3-二甲基-4-[2-(甲基磺酰基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基]-1H-吡唑-5-基-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸酯、dimetrasulfuron、氨氟灵(dinitramine)、特乐酚(dinoterb)、双苯酰草胺(diphenamid)、敌草快(diquat)、二溴敌草快(diquat-dibromid)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、敌草隆(diuron)、DMPA、DNOC、茵多酸(endothal)、EPTC、戊草丹(esprocarb)、乙丁烯氟灵(ethalfluralin)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙嗪草酮(ethiozin)、乙氧呋草黄(ethofumesate)、氟乳醚(ethoxyfen)、氟乳醚(ethoxyfen-ethyl)、乙氧嘧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、[(3-{2-氯-4-氟-5-[3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-4-(三氟甲基)-3,6-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基]苯氧基}吡啶-2-基)氧基]乙酸乙酯、F-9960、F-5231(即N-[2-氯-4-氟-5-[4-(3-氟丙基)-5-氧代-4,5-二氢-1H-四唑-1-基]苯基]乙磺酰胺)、F-7967(即3-[7-氯-5-氟-2-(三氟甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑-4-基]-1-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、精噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P)、噁唑禾草灵乙酯(fenoxaprop-ethyl)、精噁唑禾草灵乙酯(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)、fenoxasulfone、fenquinotrione、四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)、麦草伏(flamprop)、高效麦草氟异丙酯(flamprop-M-isopropyl)、高效麦草氟甲酯(flamprop-M-methyl)、啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P)、吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-butyl)、精吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-P-butyl)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone-sodium)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氯乙氟灵(fluchloralin)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr)、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr-ethyl)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac-pentyl)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、氟草隆(fluometuron)、抑草丁(flurenol)、芴醇丁酯(flurenol-butyl)、芴醇二甲铵(flurenol-dimethylammonium)和芴醇甲酯(flurenol-methyl)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、四氟丙酸(flupropanate)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、氟啶嘧磺隆钠(flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(fluro-chloridone)、氯氟吡氧乙酸(fluroxypyr)、氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯(fluroxypyr-meptyl)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、嗪草酸(fluthiacet)、嗪草酸甲酯(fluthiacet-methyl)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、氟磺胺草醚钠(fomesafen-sodium)、甲酰氨磺隆(foramsulfuron)、杀木膦(fosamine)、草铵膦、草铵膦铵、精草铵膦钠(glufosinate-P-sodium)、草甘膦、草甘膦铵、草甘膦异丙基铵、草甘膦二铵、草甘膦二甲基铵、草甘膦钾、草甘膦钠和草甘膦三甲基硫盐(glyphosate-trimesium)、H-9201(即O-(2,4-二甲基-6-硝基苯基)-O-乙基异丙基硫代磷酰胺酯)、氟氯吡啶酯(halauxifen)、氟氯吡啶酯(halauxifen-methyl)、氟硝磺酰胺(halosafen)、氯吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron)、氯吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron-methyl)、氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop)、精氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop-P)、氟吡禾灵乙氧基乙酯、精氟吡禾灵乙氧基乙酯、氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-methyl)、精氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-P-methyl)、环嗪酮(hexazinone)、HW-02(即(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸1-(二甲氧基磷酰基)乙酯)、4-羟基-1-甲氧基-5-甲基-3-[4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]咪唑烷-2-酮、4-羟基-1-甲基-3-[4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]咪唑烷-2-酮、(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)(3,3,4-三甲基-1,1-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1-苯并噻吩-5-基)甲酮、6-[(2-羟基-6-氧代环己-1-烯-1-基)羰基]-1,5-二甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)喹唑啉-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮、咪草酯(imazamethabenz)、咪草酯(imazamethabenz-methyl)、甲氧咪草烟(imazamox)、甲氧咪草烟铵、甲咪唑烟酸(imazapic)、甲咪唑烟酸铵、咪唑烟酸(imazapyr)、咪唑烟酸异丙基铵、咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin)、咪唑喹啉酸铵、咪唑乙烟酸(imazethapyr)、咪唑乙烟酸铵(imazethapyr-ammonium)、唑吡嘧磺隆(imazosulfuron)、茚草酮(indanofan)、三嗪茚草胺(indaziflam)、碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron)、碘甲磺隆钠(iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、辛酰碘苯腈(ioxynil-octanoate)、碘苯腈钾和碘苯腈钠、三唑酰草胺(ipfencarbazone)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、异噁隆(isouron)、异噁酰草胺(isoxaben)、异噁唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、特胺灵(karbutilate)、KUH-043(即3-({[5-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]甲基}磺酰基)-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑)、keto-spiradox、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、环草定(lenacil)、利谷隆(linuron)、MCPA、MCPA-丁氧基乙酯、MCPA-二甲基铵、MCPA-2-乙基己酯、MCPA-异丙基铵、MCPA-钾和MCPA-钠、MCPB、MCPB-甲酯、MCPB-乙酯和MCPB-钠、2-甲-4-氯丙酸(mecoprop)、2-甲-4-氯丙酸钠和2-甲-4-氯丙酸丁氧基乙酯、精2-甲-4-氯丙酸(mecoprop-P)、精2-甲-4-氯丙酸丁氧基乙酯、精2-甲-4-氯丙酸二甲基铵、精2-甲-4-氯丙酸-2-乙基己酯和精2-甲-4-氯丙酸钾、苯噻酰草胺(mefenacet)、氟磺酰草胺(mefluidide)、甲基二磺隆(mesosulfuron)、甲基二磺隆(mesosulfuron-methyl)、甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、威百亩(metam)、噁唑酰草胺(metamifop)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、吡唑草胺(metazachlor)、嗪吡嘧磺隆(metazosulfuron)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、甲硫嘧磺隆(methiopyrsulfuron)、methiozolin、2-({2-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基]-6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基}羰基)环己烷-1,3-二酮、异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、1-甲基-4-[(3,3,4-三甲基-1,1-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1-苯并噻吩-5-基)羰基]-1H-吡唑-5-基丙烷-1-磺酸酯、溴谷隆(metobromuron)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、精异丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、嗪草酮(metribuzin)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron-methyl)、禾草敌(molinat)、绿谷隆(monolinuron)、单嘧磺隆(monosulfuron)、单嘧磺酯(monosulfuron-ester)、MT-5950(即N-[3-氯-4-(1-甲基乙基)-苯基]-2-甲基戊酰胺)、NGGC-011、敌草胺(napropamide)、NC-310(即苄氧基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基](2,4-二氯苯基)-甲酮)、草不隆(neburon)、烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、壬酸(nonanoic acid(pelargonic acid))、氟草敏(norflurazon)、油酸(脂肪酸)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、嘧苯胺磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、氨磺乐灵(oryzalin)、丙炔噁草酮(oxadiargyl)、噁草酮(oxadiazon)、环氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、噁嗪草酮(oxaziclomefon)、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、百草枯(paraquat)、二氯百草枯(paraquatdichloride)、克草猛(pebulate)、二甲戊灵(pendimethalin)、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、五氯苯酚(pentachlorphenol)、环戊噁草酮(pentoxazone)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、矿物油(petroleum oils)、甜菜宁(phenmedipham)、氨氯吡啶酸(picloram)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、哌草磷(piperophos)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron)、甲基氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron-methyl)、氨氟乐灵(prodiamine)、环苯草酮(profoxydim)、扑灭通(prometon)、扑草净(prometryn)、毒草胺(propachlor)、敌稗(propanil)、噁草酸(propaquizafop)、扑灭津(propazine)、苯胺灵(propham)、异丙草胺(propisochlor)、丙苯磺隆(propoxy-carbazone)、丙苯磺隆钠(propoxycarbazone-sodium)、丙嗪嘧磺隆(propyrisulfuron)、炔苯酰草胺(propyzamide)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、双唑草腈(pyraclonil)、吡草醚(pyraflufen)、吡草醚(pyraflufen-ethyl)、磺酰草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、吡唑特(pyrazolynate(pyrazolate))、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron)、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron-ethyl)、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、pyribambenz、异丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-isopropyl)、丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-propyl)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、达草止(pyridafol)、哒草特(pyridate)、环酯草醚(pyriftalid)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac-methyl)、pyrimi-sulfan、嘧草硫醚(pyrithiobac)、嘧草硫醚(pyrithiobac-sodium)、砜吡草唑(pyroxasulfone)、甲氧磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、灭藻醌(quino-clamine)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、喹禾灵乙酯(quizalofop-ethyl)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P)、精喹禾灵乙酯(quizalofop-P-ethyl)、精喹禾糠酯(quizalofop-P-tefuryl)、QYM-201、QYR-301、砜嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、苯嘧磺草胺(saflufenacil)、烯禾啶(sethoxydim)、环草隆(siduron)、西玛津(simazine)、西草净(simetryn)、SL-261、磺草酮(sulcotrion)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron-methyl)、磺酰磺隆(sulfosulfuron)、SYN-523、SYP-249(即1-乙氧基-3-甲基-1-氧代丁-3-烯-2-基5-[2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-硝基苯甲酸酯)、SYP-300(即1-[7-氟-3-氧代-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-6-基]-3-丙基-2-硫代咪唑烷(thioxoimidazolidine)-4,5-二酮)、2,3,6-TBA、TCA、TCA-钠、丁噻隆(tebuthiuron)、呋喃磺草酮(tefuryltrione)、环磺酮(tembotrione)、吡喃草酮(tepraloxydim)、特草定(terbacil)、特草灵(terbucarb)、特丁通(terbumeton)、特丁津(terbuthylazin)、去草净(terbutryn)、tetflupyrolimet、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)、噻唑烟酸(thiazopyr)、噻酮磺隆(thiencarbazone)、噻酮磺隆(thiencarbazone-methyl)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron-methyl)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、tiafenacil、tolpyralate、苯吡唑草酮(topramezone)、三甲苯草酮(tralkoxydim)、氟酮磺草胺(triafamone)、野麦畏(tri-allate)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、三嗪氟草胺(triaziflam)、苯磺隆(tribenuron)、苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl)、三氯吡氧乙酸(triclopyr)、草达津(trietazine)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron-methyl)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、硫酸脲、灭草敌(vernolate)、ZJ-0862(即3,4-二氯-N-{2-[(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氧基]苄基}苯胺)。
优选地,至少一种活性成分选自杀真菌剂,所述杀真菌剂选自如上文所述的类别(1)呼吸链复合物的抑制剂,特别是唑类,(2)呼吸链复合物I或II的抑制剂,(3)呼吸链复合物的抑制剂,(4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂,(6)能够引起宿主防御的化合物,(10)脂质和膜合成抑制剂,以及(15)。
进一步优选地,作为杀真菌剂的至少一种活性成分a)选自肟菌酯、联苯吡菌胺、丙硫菌唑、Inpyrfluxam、Isoflucypram、氟吡菌胺、氟吡菌酰胺、Fluoxapiprolin、异噻菌胺。
优选地,至少一种杀虫剂选自如上文所述类别的杀虫剂(2)GABA门控氯化物通道拮抗剂,(3)钠通道调节剂/电压依赖性的钠通道阻滞剂,(4)烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)竞争性调节剂,(23)乙酰基辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,(28)兰尼碱受体调节剂,(30)其他活性成分。
还进一步优选地,作为杀虫剂的至少一种活性成分a)选自螺虫乙酯(Spirotetramat)、四唑虫酰胺(Tetraniliprole)、乙虫腈、吡虫啉(Imidacloprid)、溴氰菊酯、氟吡呋喃酮、Spidoxamat。
最后进一步优选地,作为除草剂的至少一种活性成分a)选自氟酮磺草胺(Triafamone)、环磺酮(Tembotrione)、噻酮磺隆(Thiencarbazone-methyl),优选与安全剂双苯恶唑酸(Isoxadifen-ethyl)和Cyprosulfamat组合。
甚至更优选地,至少一种活性成分选自肟菌酯、联苯吡菌胺、丙硫菌唑、Inpyrfluxam、Isoflucypram、氟吡菌胺、氟吡菌酰胺、Fluoxapiprolin、异噻菌胺、螺虫乙酯、四唑虫酰胺、乙虫腈、吡虫啉、溴氰菊酯、氟吡呋喃酮、Spidoxamat、氟酮磺草胺、环磺酮、噻酮磺隆、双苯恶唑酸和Cyprosulfamat。
如上所述的所有指定的活性成分均可以以游离化合物的形式存在,或者——若它们的官能团能够以盐的形式存在——以它们的农业化学活性盐的形式存在。
此外,在适用的情况下,应包括内消旋形式以及立体异构体或对映异构体,因为这些修饰以及多晶型修饰是技术人员所熟知的。
如果没有另外说明,在本发明中,固体农业化学活性化合物a)应理解为意指所有通常用于植物处理的物质,其熔点高于20℃。
漂移减少剂b)
合适的漂移减少剂是聚环氧乙烷,其中聚合物的平均分子量优选为50万至1200万g/mol,更优选为75万至1000万g/mol,最优选为100万至800万g/mol;羟丙基瓜尔胶,以及植物油、植物油酯和植物油二酯(包括与丙三醇和丙二醇的酯)。
特别优选的为甲酯、乙酯、异丙酯、异丁酯、丁酯、己酯和乙基己酯。
更优选的植物油和植物油酯选自油酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯、油菜籽油甲酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、棕榈酸乙基己酯、油酸乙基己酯、肉豆蔻酸/月桂酸乙基己酯的混合物、月桂酸乙基己酯、辛酸/癸酸乙基己酯的混合物、己二酸二异丙酯、椰子油丙二醇二酯、葵花油、油菜籽油、玉米油、大豆油、米糠油、橄榄油、花生油、混合的辛酸和癸酸甘油三酯(mixed caprylic and capric triglycerides),以及混合的癸酰基和辛酰基甘油酯(mixed decanoyl and octanoyl glycerides)。
矿物油也适合作为漂移减少剂。
铺展剂(c):
合适的铺展剂选自磺基琥珀酸金属盐与包含1-10个碳原子的支链醇或直链醇的单酯和二酯,特别是碱金属盐,更特别是钠盐,最特别是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠;以及有机硅乙氧基化物,例如具有以下CAS号的有机改性聚硅氧烷/三硅氧烷烷氧基化物:27306-78-1、67674-67-3、134180-76-0,例如L77、408、806、S240、S278。
其他合适的铺展剂是具有1至6个EO的乙氧基化二乙炔二醇,例如420和440,以及乙氧基化丙氧基化的3,5,5-三甲基-1-己醇,(CAS-No 204336-40-3),例如Vibrant。
优选的是聚醚改性七甲基三硅氧烷,更优选选自包含硅氧烷基团的组:聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)、α-甲基-ω-[3-[1,3,3,3-四甲基-1-[(三甲基硅基)氧基]二硅氧烷基]丙氧基](CAS号27306-78-1)、聚(氧基-1,2-乙二基)、α-[3-[1,3,3,3-四甲基-1-[(三甲基硅基)氧基]二硅氧烷基]丙基]-ω-羟基(CAS号67674-67-3),以及甲基环氧乙烷与环氧乙烷单3-1,3,3,3-四甲基-1-(三甲基硅基)氧基二硅氧烷基丙基醚的聚合物(Cas号134180-76-0)。
优选地,铺展剂选自二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠、聚醚改性七甲基三硅氧烷和乙氧基化的二乙炔二醇。
吸收促进剂(d)
吸收促进剂也可以选自以下化合物:
其他合适的吸收促进剂为醇的乙氧基化物,优选地选自乙氧基化的醇类、丙氧基-乙氧基化的醇类、乙氧基化的羧酸类、丙氧基-乙氧基化的羧酸类,或乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯、二酯或三酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均5-40个EO单元。所述乙氧基化或丙氧基-乙氧基化的醇类或羧酸类任选地通过向剩余的醇的官能团加入甲基基团而进一步改性(参见“甲基封端的”)。根据d)的术语“醇类”是指可具有6-22个碳原子且任选地带有额外的取代基(例如OH基团)的饱和或不饱和的支链或直链的醇。根据d)的术语“羧酸类”是指可具有6-22个碳原子且任选地带有额外的取代基(例如OH基团)的饱和或不饱和的支链或直链的羧酸。
例如,合适的d)组分为:
-乙氧基化的直链和/或支链脂肪醇(例如Clariant的X-型),其具有2-20个EO单元;
-甲基封端的乙氧基化的直链和/或支链脂肪醇(例如Clariant的XM型),其包含2-20个EO单元;
-乙氧基化的椰子醇(例如Clariant的C型),其包含2-20个EO单元;
-乙氧基化的C12/15醇(例如Croda的A型),其包含2-20个EO单元;
-支链或直链的丙氧基-乙氧基化的醇,例如Solvay的B/848、Croda的G5000、Levaco的HOT 5902;
-甲基封端的丙氧基-乙氧基化的脂肪酸,例如Lion的OC0503M;
-烷基醚柠檬酸盐表面活性剂(例如Adsee CE系列,Akzo Nobel);
-烷基多糖(例如BASF的PG8107、PG8105;Croda的438、AL-2559、AL-2575);
-乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元(例如Croda的产品系列);
-蓖麻油乙氧基化物,其包含平均5-40个EO单元(例如Nouryon的系列、Clariant的EL系列);
-乙氧基化的油酸(例如A和AP),其包含2-20个EO单元;
-乙氧基化的脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-50个EO单元(例如Tween系列)。
耐雨添加剂(e):
合适的耐雨添加剂是基于丙烯酸的乳液聚合物或聚合物分散体和基于苯乙烯的乳液聚合物或聚合物分散体,d)为聚合物水分散体,其Tg为-100℃至30℃,优选-60℃至20℃,更优选-50℃至10℃,最优选-45℃至5℃,例如Acronal V215、Acronal 3612、LicomerADH 205和Atplus FA。特别优选的是Licomer ADH205和Atplus FA。
优选地,所述聚合物选自丙烯酸聚合物、苯乙烯聚合物、乙烯基聚合物及其衍生物、聚烯烃、聚氨酯和天然聚合物及其衍生物。
更优选地,该聚合物选自丙烯酸聚合物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、部分水解的聚乙酸乙烯酯、甲基乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物、羧基改性的聚乙烯醇、乙酰乙酰基改性的聚乙烯醇、双丙酮改性的聚乙烯醇和有机硅改性的聚乙烯醇、异丙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、聚氨酯、纤维素、明胶、酪蛋白(caesin)、氧化淀粉、淀粉-乙酸乙烯酯接枝共聚物、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和乙酰纤维素。
最优选地,所述聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合。所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合。
在一个优选的实施方案中,如上所述,聚合物的分子量不超过40000,优选不超过10000。
在一个优选的实施方案中,聚合物D是如WO 2017/202684中所记载的乳液聚合物。
就许多聚合物而言,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)是已知的,如果没有另行定义,则在本发明中根据ASTM E1356-08(2014)“差示扫描量热法确定玻璃化转变温度的标准试验方法(Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures byDifferential Scanning Calorimetry)”进行测定,其中样品在DSC之前在110℃干燥1小时,以消除水和/或溶剂的影响,DSC样品大小为10-15mg,在N2下以20℃/min从-100℃测量至100℃,其中Tg定义为转变区的中点。
其他助剂(f):
f1合适的非离子表面活性剂或分散助剂f1)是通常可用于农业化学试剂的所有此类物质。优选地,聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物,优选具有大于6,000g/mol的分子量或大于45%的聚环氧乙烷含量,更优选具有大于6,000g/mol的分子量和大于45%的聚环氧乙烷含量,聚氧亚烷基胺衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的共聚物,以及(甲基)丙烯酸和(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物。在上文提到的实例中,可以任选地将所选种类磷酸化、磺化或硫酸化并用碱中和。
可能的阴离子表面活性剂f1)是通常可用于农业化学试剂的所有此类物质。优选烷基磺酸或烷基磷酸以及烷基芳基磺酸或烷基芳基磷酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐。另一组优选的阴离子表面活性剂或分散助剂是聚苯乙烯磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐、聚乙烯磺酸的盐、烷基萘磺酸的盐、萘-磺酸-甲醛缩合产物的盐,萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸和甲醛的缩合产物的盐,以及木质素磺酸的盐。
f2流变改性剂是一种添加剂,当以减少储存期间分散的活性成分重力分离的浓度添加到配方中时,导致在低剪切速率下的粘度显著增加。出于本发明的目的,低剪切速率被定义为0.1s-1及以下,并且显著增加为大于x2。粘度可通过旋转剪切流变仪测量。
合适的流变改性剂E2)例如是:
-多糖,其包括黄原胶和羟乙基纤维素。实例为G和23、CX911和250系列。
-粘土,其包括蒙脱石、膨润土、海泡石、绿坡缕石、合成锂皂石、锂皂石。实例为R、B、34、38、CT、HC、EW、M100、M200、M300、S、M、W、50、RD。
-热解法二氧化硅和沉淀二氧化硅,实例为200、22。
优选的是黄原胶、蒙脱石粘土、膨润土和热解法二氧化硅。
f3合适的消泡物质f3)是通常可为此目的用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。优选硅油、硅油制剂。实例为来自Bluestar Silicones的426和432、来自Wacker的SRE和SC132、来自Silchem的来自Basildon Chemical CompanyLtd的Foam-Clear来自Momentive[二甲基硅氧烷和有机硅,CAS号63148-62-9]的1572和30。优选的是1572。
f4合适的防冻剂是通常可为此目的用于农业化学试剂的所有物质。合适的实例为丙二醇、乙二醇、脲和丙三醇。
f5合适的其他助剂f5)选自杀生物剂、着色剂、pH调节剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、惰性填充材料、湿润剂、晶体生长抑制剂、微量营养素,例如为:
可能的防腐剂是通常可为此目的用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。防腐剂的合适实例是含有5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮[CAS号26172-55-4]、2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮[CAS号2682-20-4]或1.2-苯并异噻唑-3(2H)-酮[CAS号2634-33-5]的制剂。可提及的实例是D7(Lanxess)、CG/ICP(Dow)、SPX(Thor GmbH)和GXL(Arch Chemicals)。
可能的着色剂是通常可为此目的用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。例如可提及二氧化钛、炭黑、氧化锌、蓝色颜料、亮蓝FCF、红色颜料和永久红FGR。
可能的pH调节剂和缓冲剂是通常可为此目的用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。例如可提及柠檬酸、硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、磷酸氢钠(Na2HPO4)、磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4)、磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)、磷酸氢钾(K2HPO4)。
合适的稳定剂和抗氧化剂是通常可为此目的用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。优选丁基羟基甲苯[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲苯,CAS号128-37-0]。
载体(g)是通常可为此目的用于农业化学制剂中的那些。
载体是固体或液体、天然的或合成的、有机或无机物质,其通常是惰性的并且可用作溶剂。载体通常改善化合物对例如植物、植物部位或种子的施用。合适的固体载体的实例:
包括但不限于铵盐,特别是硫酸铵、磷酸铵和硝酸铵,天然岩粉,例如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、绿坡缕石、蒙脱石和硅藻土、硅胶和合成岩粉,例如细碎的二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐。通常可用于制备颗粒剂的固体载体的实例包括但不限于粉碎并分级的天然岩石,例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白云石,无机粉和有机粉的合成颗粒以及有机材料(例如纸张、锯屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎)的颗粒。
优选的固体载体选自粘土、滑石和二氧化硅。
合适的液体载体的实例包括但不限于水、有机溶剂及其组合。合适的溶剂的实例包括极性和非极性有机化学液体,例如来自以下种类:
-醇和多元醇(其也可任选地被取代、醚化和/或酯化,例如乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、苯甲醇、环己醇或乙二醇、2-乙基己醇),
-醚类,例如二辛基醚、四氢呋喃、异山梨醇二甲基醚、丙酮缩甘油(solketal)、环戊基甲基醚、Dow提供的Dowanol产品系列的溶剂,例如Dowanol DPM,苯甲醚、苯乙醚、不同分子量等级的二甲基聚乙二醇、不同分子量等级的二甲基聚丙二醇、二苄基醚
-酮类(例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环戊酮、环己酮、环庚酮、苯乙酮、苯丙酮),
-乳酸酯类,例如乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丙酯、乳酸丁酯、乳酸2-乙基己酯,
-(聚)醚类,例如不同分子量等级的聚乙二醇、不同分子量等级的聚丙二醇,
-未取代和取代的胺类,
-酰胺类(例如二甲基甲酰胺,或N,N-二甲基乳酰胺,或N-甲酰基吗啉,或脂肪酸酰胺类,如N,N-二甲基癸酰胺或N,N-二甲基十二-9-烯酰胺)及其酯类,
-内酰胺类(例如2-吡咯烷酮,或N-烷基吡咯烷酮,例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮,或N-丁基吡咯烷酮,或N-辛基吡咯烷酮,或N-十二烷基吡咯烷酮或N-甲基己内酰胺,N-烷基己内酰胺),
-内酯类(例如γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯、δ-戊内酯或α-甲基γ-丁内酯),
-砜类和亚砜类(例如二甲基亚砜),
-腈类,例如直链或环状烷基腈,特别是乙腈、环己烷腈、辛腈、十二腈,
-直链和环状碳酸酯类,例如碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸二辛酯或碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、碳酸丙三醇酯,
最优选的载体是水。
这些喷雾液通过常规方法施用,即例如通过喷雾、倾倒或注射,特别是通过喷雾,最特别是通过UAV喷雾。
本发明制剂的施用率可在相对宽的范围内变化。所述施用率由具体的活性农业化学品及其在制剂中的量决定。
借助本发明的制剂可以以特别有利的方式向植物和/或其生境递送活性农用化学品。
本发明还涉及本发明的农业化学品组合物用于将含有的农业化学活性化合物施用于植物和/或其生境的用途。
使用本发明的制剂可处理所有植物和植物部位。此处的植物是指所有植物和植物种群,例如想要的和不想要的野生植物或作物植物(包括天然存在的作物植物)。作物植物可为可通过常规育种和优化方法或通过生物技术和基因技术方法或这些方法的组合而获得的植物,包括转基因植物并且包括可以受到或不能受到品种产权保护的植物栽培品种。植物部位意指植物地上和地下的所有部位和器官,例如芽、叶、花和根,示例性列表包括叶、针叶、茎、干、花、子实体、果实和种子,以及根、块茎和根茎。植物部位还包括采收材料以及无性和有性繁殖材料。
本文中可以强调的是,本发明的制剂关于其在下述谷类植物中的用途方面的特别有利的效果,例如小麦、燕麦、大麦、斯佩耳特小麦、黑小麦和黑麦,以及玉米、蜀黍和粟、稻、甘蔗、大豆、向日葵、马铃薯、棉花、油菜、加拿大油菜(canola)、烟草、甜菜、饲用甜菜、芦笋、啤酒花和水果植物(包括梨果,例如苹果和梨,核果例如桃子、油桃、樱桃、李子和杏,柑橘类水果例如橙子、葡萄柚、酸橙、柠檬、金橘、橘子和无核小蜜橘,坚果例如开心果,杏仁、核桃和山核桃,热带水果例如芒果、木瓜、菠萝、枣和香蕉,以及葡萄)和蔬菜(包括叶类蔬菜,例如用于沙拉用途的菊苣、野苣、佛罗伦萨茴香(Florence fennel)、生菜、莴苣、瑞士甜菜、菠菜和菊苣,卷心菜例如花椰菜、西兰花、大白菜、甘蓝(L.)(convar.acephalavar.sabellica L.)(羽衣甘蓝(curly kale,feathered cabbage))、球茎甘蓝、抱子甘蓝、红甘蓝、白甘蓝和皱叶甘蓝,水果蔬菜例如茄子、黄瓜、辣椒、南瓜(table pumpkins)、西红柿、西葫芦和甜玉米,根茎类蔬菜例如块根芹、野芜菁、胡萝卜,包括黄色栽培品种、长羽裂萝卜(Raphanus sativus var.niger)和四季萝卜(Raphanus sativus var.radicula)、甜菜根、鸦葱(scorzonera)和芹菜,豆类例如豌豆和黄豆,以及来自葱科的蔬菜例如韭菜和洋葱。
根据本发明,用本发明的制剂对植物和植物部位的处理通过常规处理方法直接进行,或使制剂作用于它们的环境、生境或储存区域而进行,所述常规处理方法例如通过浸泡、喷雾、蒸发、雾化、散播或涂抹,并且在繁殖材料的情况下,特别是在种子的情况下,还通过一层或多层包衣进行。
所包含的活性农业化学品比以相应的常规制剂形式施用时产生更好的生物活性。
如果本申请中未另行定义,则分子量是指重均分子量Mw,其通过GPC在25℃下在二氯甲烷中以聚苯乙烯为标准品进行测定。
叶片表面
在表M1a和M1b中,示出了有纹理和无纹理的叶片表面上的水的接触角。
表M1a具有有纹理叶片的植物
表M1b具有无纹理叶片的植物
无纹理的作物和植物的实例包括西红柿、辣椒、马铃薯、胡萝卜、芹菜、甜菜、甜菜根、菠菜、生菜、黄豆、豌豆、三叶草、苹果、梨、桃、杏、李子、芒果、鳄梨、橄榄、柑橘、橙子、柠檬、酸橙、葡萄、无花果、黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、草莓、覆盆子、蓝莓、向日葵、南瓜、大豆(≥GS 16(BBCH 16))、玉米(≥GS 15(BBCH 15)、棉花。
有纹理的作物和植物的实例包括大蒜、洋葱、韭菜、大豆(≤GS 16(BBCH 16))、燕麦、小麦、大麦、稻、甘蔗、菠萝、香蕉、亚麻籽、百合、兰花、玉米(≤GS 15(BBCH 15))、卷心菜、抱子甘蓝、西兰花、花椰菜、黑麦、油菜籽、郁金香和花生。
无纹理的杂草的实例包括苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)、荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris)、曼陀罗(Datura stramonium)、猪殃殃(Galium aparine)、圆叶牵牛(Ipomoeapurpurea)、酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)、欧洲狗舌草(Senecio vulgaris)、刺金午时花(Sida spinosa)、新疆野生油菜(Sinapisarvensis)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum)、鹅肠草(Stellaria media)、东方苍耳子(Xanthiumorientale)、香附子(Cyperus rotundus)和反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)。
有纹理的杂草的实例包括决明(Cassia obtusifolia)、藜(Chenopodium album)、偃麦草(Agropyron repens)、大穗看麦娘(Alopecurus myosuroides)、阿披拉草(Aperaspica-venti)、野燕麦(Avena fatua)、车前臂形草(Brachiaria plantaginea)、黑麦状雀麦(Bromus secalinus)、绊根草(Cynodon dactylon)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli)、洋野黍(Panicum dichotomiflorum)、早熟禾(Poa annua)、大狗尾草(Setaria faberi)和强生草(Sorghum halepense)。通过以下实施例说明本发明。
实施例
方法1:可流动SC和SE制剂(油)制备可流动悬浮浓缩液和悬乳剂制剂的方法是本领域已知的,并且可通过本领域技术人员熟悉的已知方法进行制备。伴随低剪切搅拌,制备2%的黄原胶(f)在水中的凝胶和杀生物剂(f)。如果配方中存在,则50%的油(b)的水包油乳液在高剪切搅拌下(Ultra-)通过将油(50%)加入水(49%)和Synperonic PE/F127(1%)溶液(或等量的表面活性剂)中进行制备。将活性成分(a)、非离子和阴离子分散剂(f)、消泡剂(f)和其他助剂(f)与水混合形成浆液,先用高剪切转子-定子混合器(Ultra-)混合将粒度D(v,0.9)降低至大约50微米,然后通过一台或多台珠磨机(250 Mini Motormill)获得通常为1至15微米的粒度D(v,0.9)。然后加入上文制备的50%乳液的添加剂(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)和上文制备的黄原胶凝胶,并在低剪切搅拌下混合直至均匀。最后,如果需要,用酸或碱(f)调节pH。
含有少量乳化油的可流动制剂可被描述为悬浮浓缩液和悬乳剂制剂类型(www.croplife.org,Technical Monograph No:2,农药制剂类型及国际编码体系目录(Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and internationalcoding system),版本:2017年3月)。方法2:可流动SC制剂(聚合物)制备可流动悬浮浓缩液制剂的方法是本领域已知的,并且可通过本领域技术人员熟悉的已知方法进行制备。伴随低剪切搅拌,制备2%的黄原胶(f)在水中的凝胶和杀生物剂(f)。如果配方中存在,则制备1-4%的聚合物(b)。将活性成分(a)、非离子和阴离子分散剂(f)、消泡剂(f)和其他助剂(f)与水混合形成浆液,先用高剪切转子-定子混合器(Ultra-)混合将粒度D(v,0.9)降低至大约50微米,然后通过一台或多台珠磨机(250 Mini Motormill)获得通常为1至15微米的粒度D(v,0.9)。然后加入上文制备的聚合物溶液的添加剂(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)和上文制备的黄原胶凝胶,并在低剪切搅拌下混合直至均匀。最后,如果需要,用酸或碱(f)调节pH。
根据配方中所需的粘度浓度极限和含量制备聚合物(b)溶液。通常值为:PolyoxWSR301(1-2%)、Polyox WSR N60K(1-3%)、Polyox WSR N12K(2-4%)、AgRho DS2000(1-2%)。
方法3:EC制剂
制备EC制剂的方法是本领域已知的,并且可通过本领域技术人员熟悉的已知方法进行制备。通常,EC制剂是在配备有搅拌装置的容器中通过将活性成分(a)与其余的制剂组分混合而获得的。在某些情况下,通过稍微升高温度(不超过60℃)来促进溶解或混合。继续搅拌直至获得均匀的混合物。
方法4:OD制剂
将制剂组分称重,用高剪切设备(例如Ultraturrax或胶体磨机)使其均质化,随后在珠磨机(例如Dispermat SL50,80%填充,1.0-1.25mm玻璃珠,4000rpm,循环研磨)研磨直到获得<10μ的粒度。或者,将制剂组分在瓶中混合,然后加入约25体积%的1.0-1.25mm玻璃珠。然后将瓶子封闭,夹在搅拌器装置(例如Retsch MM301)中并在30Hz下处理几分钟,直到获得小于10μ的粒度。
方法5:WG制剂
制备水分散性颗粒制剂的方法是本领域已知的,并且可通过本领域技术人员熟悉的已知方法进行制备。
例如,为生产流化床颗粒,必须先制备水基的工业浓缩物。伴随低剪切搅拌,将所有成分(a、b和c)例如活性成分、表面活性剂、分散剂、粘合剂、消泡剂、抗漂移剂和填料在水中混合,最后在高剪切转子-定子混合器中进行预研磨,以将粒度D(v,0.9)减小至约50微米,然后通过一台或多台珠磨机(KDL、Bachofen、Dynomill、Drais、Lehmann)获得通常为1至15微米的粒度D(v,0.9)。然后在流化床造粒工艺中对这种水基工业浓缩物进行喷雾干燥以形成可湿性颗粒(WG)。
粒度根据CIPAC(CIPAC=Collaborative International PesticidesAnalytical Council(国际农药分析合作委员会);www.cipac.org)的方法MT 187进行确定。粒度分布通过激光衍射来确定。在环境温度下将代表性量的样品分散在脱气水中(样品自饱和),用超声波处理(通常为60秒),然后在Malvern Mastersizer系列(MalvernPanalytical)的设备中测量。使用多元素检测器在不同角度下测量散射光并记录相关的数值。借助于弗劳恩霍夫(Fraunhofer)模型,从散射数据中计算出来某些尺寸等级的比例,并由此计算出体积加权的粒度分布。通常给出d50或d90值=活性成分粒度(所有颗粒体积的50或90%)。平均粒度表示d50值。
同样,任何其他喷雾过程(例如传统的喷雾干燥)可用作造粒方法。
另一种生产水分散性颗粒的技术是例如低压挤出。将制剂的成分干混并随后研磨,例如使用空气喷射研磨来减小粒度。随后搅拌该干粉,同时向混合物中加入水(约10-30重量%,取决于制剂的组成)。在进一步的步骤中,将混合物推过模具尺寸通常介于0.8和1.2mm的挤出机(如圆顶挤出机、双圆顶挤出机、篮式挤出机、筛磨机或类似装置)以形成挤出物。在最后一步中,将挤出物例如在流化床干燥器中后干燥以降低粉末的含水量,通常降至1-3重量%残留水的水平。
方法6:漂移风室
使用约2.8米宽、2.8米长、1米高的定制漂移室来测量制剂的漂移,所述漂移室含有喷雾喷嘴、水平流动风和漂移收集器屏板。喷雾喷嘴位于室底座上方0.5m的高度处,与收集器屏板相距1.4m,高度约为0.6m且穿过喷雾室的端壁。对检测器屏板收集的喷雾液进行称重,并根据喷雾液的流速和检测器屏板捕获的部分计算喷雾的漂移量。流动风的速度为3m/s。将制剂在水中稀释至所需浓度,并通过TP8002EVS喷嘴以2巴的压力进行喷雾,一旦达到稳定状态就记录漂移量。该技术提供了不同配方之间漂移的比较测量。
方法7:漂移液滴尺寸P15
将制剂在水中稀释至所需浓度,并通过TP8002EVS喷嘴以3巴的压力进行喷雾,用Oxford Lasers VisiSize P15测量液滴尺寸谱,所述Oxford Lasers VisiSizeP15捕捉喷雾液滴的图像并测量其尺寸。喷雾喷嘴位于图像捕获点上方20cm处,所述图像捕获点在VisiSize P15的图像捕获窗口上缓慢地重复移动,直至捕捉到5000至10000个液滴图像。液滴尺寸谱由仪器软件计算为小于100微米的体积%和/或小于150微米的体积%,这通常被认为是喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。可漂移液滴的相对量计算为:本发明配方的小于100微米的体积%/参考配方的小于100微米的体积%x100(%),和/或本发明配方的小于150微米的体积%/参考配方的小于150微米的体积%x 100(%)。因此,60%的数值表明,相较于参考配方的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分为100%,本发明配方的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分仅为60%。
方法8:漂移液滴尺寸激光
将制剂在水中稀释至所需浓度,并通过TeeJet 11002VS喷嘴以3巴的压力进行喷雾,并用Malvern SprayTec激光衍射仪在喷嘴下方距离350mm处对喷雾风机进行单长轴扫描来测量液滴尺寸谱。
方法9:漂移滤纸沉积物
用少量荧光示踪剂(Tinopal SC)将制剂在水中稀释至所需浓度,并通过TeeJet11002E喷嘴以2巴的压力喷雾到滤纸上,并使用ImageJ测量液滴尺寸谱。
使用数码相机拍摄滤纸,以紫外线[365nm]作为照明源。在滤纸的照片中,被荧光标记的液滴沉积物的强度比滤纸和其他背景高得多。
在ImageJ软件(www.fiji.com)中处理图像。首先,RGB图像被分为红色、绿色和蓝色通道,根据原始图像的强度,只有绿色或蓝色通道用于进一步分析。接下来,“减除背景(Subtract background)”算法被应用于单通道图像,以去除背景噪音,这进而改善了液滴沉积物和背景之间的对比。然后,自动生成强度阈值,并由软件应用,产生二进制图像,其中液滴沉积物保留最大值强度,而背景(如滤纸本身)的强度为零。最后,将“转折点(watershed)”算法应用于二进制图像,以分割图像中相连的液滴。所有保留的和分割的对象都会被检测到,并用其位置和尺寸进行标记。每个对象的大小代表每个沉积物的面积,单位为μm2。
喷雾试验中所用喷嘴使用水的VMD为210μm。体积中值直径(VMD)由液滴体积V的累积分布函数(cumulative distribution functions,CDF)确定,尺寸小于VMD的液滴占总喷雾体积的50%。由于从滤纸获得的沉积物面积与实际液滴尺寸/体积之间没有直接相关性,因此水的VMD已被用作重新调整制剂喷雾的CDF的参考。
根据ImageJ分析,记录滤纸上每个液滴沉积物的面积(A)。每个沉积物的直径dA=(4A/π)1/2,估算的液滴体积V估算=π·dA 3/6。使用估算的液滴体积V估算绘制基础制剂的CDF,所述估算的液滴体积V估算根据滤纸上的沉积物面积计算,基础制剂的VMD也由CDF曲线获得。假设基础制剂具有与水相似的液滴尺寸分布,通过将基础制剂的VMD与水的VMD相匹配,得到尺寸系数f=VMD基础/VMD水。由滤纸获得液滴沉积物面积A,实际的液滴直径d=f·(4A/π)1/2,液滴体积V=π·d3/6。
用对数尺度(logarithmic scale)的bins绘制不同制剂的液滴体积V的累积分布。根据每个累积分布曲线,计算直径小于150μm的液滴的百分比。这种小液滴的体积百分比对应于漂移趋势的程度。使用基础制剂的百分比(p基础)作为参考,计算含有助剂的制剂(p)和基础制剂之间的百分比的相对差异。相对差异r=p/p基础·100%。如果相对差异(r)低于100%,则与基础制剂相比,该制剂具有较低的漂移趋势,反之亦然。
方法10:杀虫剂温室试验
在温室条件下,将选定的作物在含有“泥炭土T”的塑料盆中种植。在适当的作物阶段,准备用于处理的植物,例如通过在大约处理前2天用目标害虫侵染(见下表)。
通过用自来水稀释制剂并在需要时在桶混物中加入适量的添加剂直接由不同剂量的活性成分来制备喷雾溶液。
使用履带式喷雾器(track sprayer)以300L/ha或10L/ha的施用量在叶片的上侧进行施用。使用的喷嘴为:TeeJet TP8003E(用于300L/ha)和带有脉冲宽度模块(PWM)的Lechler 652.246(用于10L/ha)。对于施用的各单一剂量,通常同时处理2至5个重复组。
处理后,如果需要,将植物人工侵染,并在试验期间保存在温室或气候室中。在评估不同时间点的死亡率(一般以%给出)和/或植物保护(例如根据与相应对照相比的摄食损伤计算)之后,对处理的功效进行评级。仅报告平均值。
表M3:试验中使用的害虫和作物。
在温室条件下,将选定的作物在含有“泥炭土T”的塑料盆中种植。在适当的作物阶段,准备用于处理的植物,例如通过在大约处理前2天用目标害虫侵染(表M3)。
通过用自来水稀释制剂并在需要时在桶混物中加入适量的添加剂直接由不同剂量的活性成分来制备喷雾溶液。
使用履带式喷雾器以300L/ha或10L/ha的施用量在叶片的上侧进行施用。使用的喷嘴为:TeeJet TP8003E(用于300L/ha)和带有脉冲宽度模块(PWM)的Lechler 652.246(用于10L/ha)。对于施用的各单一剂量,通常同时处理2至5个重复组。
处理后,如果需要,将植物人工侵染,并在试验期间保存在温室或气候室中。在评估不同时间点的死亡率(一般以%给出)和/或植物保护(例如根据与相应对照相比的摄食损伤计算)之后,对处理的功效进行评级。仅报告平均值。
方法11:除草剂温室试验说明
将作物与单子叶和双子叶有害植物的种子放在塑料盆中的沙壤土中,用土壤覆盖并在温室中于最佳生长条件下培养。播种后两到三周,在一到两叶阶段处理试验植物。制备不同浓度的测试除草剂制剂,并使用不同的水施用率喷雾到植物的绿色部位的表面上:200L/ha作为标准的常规施用率,和10L/ha作为超低容量(ULV)施用率。用于所有施用的喷嘴类型是TeeJet DG 95015EVS。通过使用连接到喷嘴和履带式喷雾器设备的脉宽调制(PWM)系统来实现ULV施用率。施用后,将试验植物在温室中于最佳生长条件下放置3至4周。然后,对除草剂制剂的活性目测评分(例如:100%活性=整个植物材料死亡,0%活性=植物与未处理的对照植物相似)。
表M4:试验中使用的植物物种
方法12:杀真菌剂温室试验说明
将种子放在塑料盆中的“泥炭土T”中,用土壤覆盖并在温室中于最佳生长条件下培养。播种后两到三周,在一到二叶阶段处理试验植物。制备不同浓度的测试杀真菌剂制剂,并使用不同的水施用率喷雾到植物的表面上:200L/ha作为标准常规施用率,10L/ha作为超低容量(ULV)施用率。用于所有施用的喷嘴类型是TeeJet TP 8002E,以2巴和高于植物水平500-600mm的高度使用。将谷类植物以45°角放置,因为这最好地反映了谷物田间的喷雾条件。通过使用连接到喷嘴和履带式喷雾器装置的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)系统以30Hz、开口8%-100%(10L/ha-200L/ha喷雾容量)来实现ULV施用率。
在保护性处理中,在喷雾施用后1天用相应的病害接种试验植物,并在温室中于最佳生长条件下放置1至2周。然后,目测评估杀真菌剂制剂的活性。
在治疗性条件下,首先用病害接种植物,并在1-3天后用杀真菌剂制剂处理。在施用制剂(dat)3-6天后进行病害的目测评估。
实施接种是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
表M5:试验中使用的病害和作物。
方法13:表皮渗透试验
表皮渗透试验是对最初由和Baur(J.,Baur,P.(1996年),Effects of temperature,surfactants and other adjuvants on rates of uptakeof organic compounds.In:The plant cuticle-an integrated functional approach,第134-155页.Kerstiens,G.(编辑),BIOS Scientific publisher,Oxford)记载的SOFU(叶吸收模拟)测试方法的进一步发展和改进版本;它非常适用于制剂、助剂和溶剂对农用化学品渗透的影响进行系统和机械研究。
正如和Riederer(J.,Riederer,M.(1986年),Plantcuticles sorb lipophilic compounds during enzymatic isolation.Plant CellEnviron.9,第459-466页)所记载的那样,从果园中生长的树木的叶子中分离出苹果叶表皮。仅获得缺乏气孔的上叶片表面的无气孔的表皮膜。在叶片上冲压出直径为18mm的圆片并用果胶酶和纤维素酶的酶溶液渗透。将表皮膜与消化的叶细胞液分离,用水轻轻洗涤来清洁并干燥。储存约4周后,表皮的渗透性达到恒定水平,表皮膜可用于渗透试验。
将表皮膜应用于扩散容器。正确的方向很重要:表皮的内表面应面向扩散容器的内侧。在喷雾室中对表皮的外表面进行喷雾。将扩散容器翻转并小心地充满受体溶液。使用缓冲至pH 5.5的水性混合物作为受体介质以模拟作为表皮内表面的天然解吸介质的质外体。
将装有受体和搅拌器的扩散容器转移到温控不锈钢块上,这不仅确保了明确限定的温度,而且还确保了带有喷雾沉积物的表皮表面的恒定湿度。实验开始时的温度为25℃、30℃或35℃,在恒定的60%相对湿度下施用后24小时保持恒定或变为35℃。
自动进样器定期取出受体的等分试样,并通过HPLC(DAD或MS)确定活性成分的含量。最后处理所有数据点以获得渗透动力学。由于表皮渗透屏障的变化很大,因此对每个渗透动力学进行五到十次重复。
方法14:冲洗表皮
用中等粘度硅油薄层将来自苹果表皮的圆片固定在玻璃显微镜载玻片上,外表面朝上。用微量移液器向其施加0.9μl在含有5% CIPAC C水的去离子水中以喷雾稀释度稀释的不同制剂的液滴,并且放置干燥1小时。在装有交叉偏振滤光片的光学透射显微镜中检查各沉积物并记录图像。将具有制剂的干燥液滴的含有表皮的载玻片保持在温和流动的去离子水(流速大约300ml/分钟,在水龙头出口下方10cm的高度)中15秒。使载玻片干燥,在显微镜下重新检查沉积物,并与原始图像进行比较。目视评估洗掉的活性成分的量,并以10%的步长记录。测量三个重复组并记录平均值。
方法15:冲洗叶片
将苹果或玉米叶切片附在玻璃显微镜载玻片上。在喷雾稀释时,用微量移液器向其施加0.9至1.4μl在含有5% CIPAC C水和少量荧光示踪剂(Tinopal OB,作为微米级水性悬浮液)的去离子水中以喷雾稀释度稀释的不同制剂的液滴,并且放置干燥1小时。在UV照射(365nm)下,用数码相机对叶片沉积物进行成像。然后将叶切片保持在温和流动的去离子水(流速大约300ml/分钟,在水龙头出口下方10cm的高度)下保持15秒。使叶切片干燥,对沉积物重新成像并与原始图像进行比较。目视评估洗掉的活性成分的量介于5(大部分保留)和1(大部分除去)之间。测量三个或更多个重复组并记录平均值。
方法16:覆盖率(喷雾)
如表M1a和M1b所示,使用处于发育阶段的温室植物进行这些实验。在喷雾实验之前不久切下单个叶片,放入培养皿中,并在两个尖端以0°(水平)或60°(以使可喷雾50%的叶片面积)处用胶带固定。小心携带叶片以避免损坏蜡表面。将这些水平取向的叶片a)放入喷雾室中,其中通过液压喷嘴施用喷雾液体。
将少量UV染料添加到喷雾液中以在紫外线下观察喷雾沉积物。已选择染料的浓度,使得它不会影响喷雾液体的表面特性并且不会有助于其自身的铺展。Tinopal OB作为胶体悬浮液用于所有可流动和固体制剂,例如WG、SC、OD和SE。将Tinopal CBS-X或Blankophor SOL用于其中活性成分溶解的制剂,例如EC、EW和SL。Tinopal CBS-X溶解在水相中,而Blankophor SOL溶解在油相中。
喷雾液蒸发后,将叶片放入Camag,Reprostar 3UV室,在可见光和366nm的紫外线下拍摄喷雾沉积物的照片。将佳能EOS 700D数码相机与UV室连接并且用于获取叶片的图像。在可见光下拍摄的照片用于从背景中减去叶片形状。使用ImageJ软件用于计算a)所施用喷雾对被喷雾叶片的覆盖百分比或b)移液液滴以mm2计的铺展面积。
方法17:覆盖(移液器)
如表M1a和M1b所示,使用处于发育阶段的温室植物进行这些实验。将1.4μl含有少量荧光示踪剂(Tinopal OB,作为微米级水性悬浮液)的喷雾液的液滴移液到顶部,不接触叶片表面,干燥。在UV照射(365nm)下,用数码相机对叶片沉积物进行成像,使用ImageJ软件(www.fiji.com)测量沉积物的面积。
方法18:持久性起泡
根据CIPAC方法MT 47.1测定持久性起泡,条件是使用每个实施例中所示的配方剂量率和喷雾量,在1分钟和3分钟后记录起泡(www.cipac.org)。
材料
表MAT1:优选的减少漂移的材料的示例性商品名称和CAS号——聚合物(b)
表MAT2:优选的减少漂移的材料的示例性商品名称和CAS号——油(b)
表MAT3:优选高铺展化合物(c)的示例性商品名和CAS号
表MAT4:优选的促进吸收的化合物(d)的示例性商品名称和CAS号
表MAT5:优选的减少洗脱的材料(e)的示例性商品名
表MAT6:优选的化合物(f)的示例性商品名和CAS号
杀真菌剂实施例
实施例FN1:肟菌酯20SC
表FN1.1:配方FN1.1、FN1.2、FN1.3和FN1.4。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
温室
表FN1.2:对PHAKPA/大豆的生物功效。
方法12:大豆,保护1天,评估7dat
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN1.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量均表现出比参考配方FN1.1更高的功效。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN1.3:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN1.1——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方FN1.1——200L/ha | +++++ |
本发明配方FN1.2——10L/ha | +++++ |
本发明配方FN1.2——200L/ha | +++++ |
非本发明配方FN1.3—10L/ha | ++++ |
非本发明配方FN1.3——200L/ha | +++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN1.1,示例本发明的配方FN1.2在10L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量,以及相较于含有漂移减少剂(b)、铺展添加剂(c)和吸收促进添加剂(d)但不含耐雨添加剂(e)的配方FN1.3,示例本发明的配方FN1.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例FN2:Fluoxapiprolin和氟吡菌胺230SC
表FN2.1:配方FN2.1、FN2.2、FN2.3和FN2.4。
所用的制备方法同方法1和2。
漂移
根据方法6测定漂移。
表FN2.2:fluoxapiprolin和氟吡菌胺SC配方的漂移数据。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含铺展剂(c)、吸收剂(d)和耐雨剂(e)的参考配方FN2.1,示例本发明的配方FN2.2在10、20、40和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的漂移,相较于含有铺展剂(c)、吸收剂(d)和耐雨剂(e)的参考配方FN2.4,示例本发明的配方FN2.2表现出更加减少的漂移。
表FN2.3:fluoxapiprolin和氟吡菌胺SC配方的漂移数据。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于含有铺展剂(c)、吸收剂(d)和耐雨剂(e)的参考配方FN2.4,示例本发明的配方FN2.3在40L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的漂移。
根据方法7测定漂移。
表FN2.6:fluoxapiprolin和氟吡菌胺SC配方的漂移数据。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于含有铺展剂(c)、吸收剂(d)和耐雨剂(e)的参考配方FN2.4,示例本发明的配方FN2.2和FN2.3在10、20、40和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的漂移。
表皮渗透
根据表皮渗透测试方法13测定苹果叶表皮的渗透性。
表FN2.4:fluoxapiprolin和氟吡菌胺SC制剂的表皮渗透性。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN2.2和2.3在10L/ha和200L/ha时都具有比参考配方FN2.1更高的表皮渗透性。此外,配方FN2.2和2.3在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高或相当的表皮渗透性。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN2.5:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN2.1——20L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方FN2.2——20L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方FN2.3——20L/ha | ++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN2.1,示例本发明的配方FN2.2和FN2.3在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例FN3:氟吡菌酰胺200SC
表FN3.1:配方FN3.1、FN3.2、FN3.3和FN3.4。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN3.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
结果表明,相对于不含铺展剂(c)的参考配方FN3.1,示例本发明的配方FN3.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上的铺展增加大于无纹理的苹果叶片。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN3.3:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN3.1——20L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方FN3.2——20L/ha | ++++ |
非本发明配方FN3.4——20L/ha | + |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于含有漂移减少剂(b)、铺展添加剂(c)和吸收促进添加剂(d)但不含耐雨添加剂(e)的参考配方FN3.1和FN3.4,示例本发明的配方FN3.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例FN4:Fluoxapiprolin SC
表FN4.1:配方FN4.1、FN4.2、FN4.3、FN4.4、FN4.5、FN4.6和FN4.7。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
漂移
根据方法7测定漂移。
表FN4.2:fluoxapiprolin SC配方的漂移数据。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含减少漂移的油(b)的参考配方FN4.1,含有减少漂移的油(b)的示例本发明的配方FN4.3、FN4.4和FN4.5在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更少量的小于100微米和小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。此外,相较于含有显著更高含量的减少漂移的油(b)的配方FN4.6和FN4.7,配方FN4.4和FN4.5中少量的减少漂移的油实现了相同水平的小于100微米和小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分的减少量。
实施例FN5:氟吡菌胺200SC
表FN5.1:配方FN5.1、FN5.2、FN5.3和FN5.4。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN5.3:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN5.1,示例本发明的配方FN5.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。非本发明配方FN5.4表现出与本发明配方FN5.2相似的沉积物面积,但具有显著更高的洗脱(见表FN5.4),这表明了包括耐雨剂(e)的配方的益处。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN5.4:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN5.1——20L/ha | ++ |
本发明配方FN5.2——20L/ha | ++++ |
非本发明配方FN5.4——20L/ha | + |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN5.1和FN5.4,示例本发明的配方FN5.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
泡沫
根据方法18测定泡沫。
表FN5.5:氟吡菌胺SC配方的泡沫喷雾稀释液数据。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含漂移减少剂油菜籽油甲酯(b)的参考配方FN5.3,示例本发明的配方FN5.2在20和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出较少的泡沫。此外,在低喷雾量时泡沫量的减少更大,其中高铺展剂(c)和吸收促进剂(d)的浓度增加通常会导致泡沫增加。
漂移
根据方法6测定漂移。
表FN5.6:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于含有铺展剂(c)、吸收剂(d)和耐雨剂(e)的参考配方FN5.3,示例本发明的配方FN5.2在10、20、40和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的漂移。
实施例FN6:氟吡菌胺200SC
表FN6.1:配方FN6.1、FN6.2和FN6.3
所用的制备方法同方法1。
漂移
根据方法8测定漂移。
表FN6.2:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于具有减少漂移的油(b)的参考配方FN6.1,示例本发明的配方FN6.2和FN6.3在50和200L/ha喷雾量下都表现出更低的可漂移液滴级分(在该测试中低于100微米)。特别出乎意料地是,仅相当于5和10g/ha的如此低的油量就能减少喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
实施例FN7:氟吡菌胺150SC
表FN7.1:配方FN7.1、FN7.2和FN7.3。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
表皮渗透
根据表皮渗透测试方法13测定苹果叶表皮的渗透性。
表FN7.2:氟吡菌胺SC制剂的表皮渗透性。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN7.2在10和200L/ha下都具有比参考配方FN7.1更高的表皮渗透性。此外,配方FN7.2在10L/ha时具有比在200L/ha时更高的渗透性。此外,含有少量油基漂移减少剂(OP)的配方FN7.3具有与不含任何油基漂移减少剂的参考配方FN7.1相当的表皮渗透性,这表明少量油不增强表皮渗透性,且少量油不以影响活性成分生物传递(biodelivery)的水平存在。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN7.3:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN7.1——10L/ha | +++ |
非本发明配方FN7.1——200L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方FN7.2——10L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方FN7.2——200L/ha | +++++ |
非本发明配方FN7.4——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方FN7.4——200L/ha | +++++ |
非本发明配方FN7.5——10L/ha | + |
非本发明配方FN7.5——200L/ha | ++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于没有添加的参考配方FN7.1、含有铺展剂(c)的FN7.2和含有吸收促进剂(d)的FN7.3,示例本发明的配方FN7.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出相同或更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例FN8:氟吡菌酰胺250SC
表FN8.1:配方FN8.1、FN8.2、FN8.3和FN8.4。
所用的制备方法同方法1和2。
漂移
根据方法6测定漂移。
表FN8.2:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于含有铺展剂(c)、吸收剂(d)和耐雨剂(e)的参考配方FN8.4,示例本发明的配方FN8.2在20、40和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的漂移。
根据方法7测定漂移。
表FN8.3:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于含有铺展剂(c)、吸收剂(d)和耐雨剂(e)的参考配方FN8.4,示例本发明的配方FN8.3在10、20、40和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的漂移。在喷雾量较低时漂移减少效果最大。
表皮渗透
根据表皮渗透测试方法13测定苹果叶表皮的渗透性。
表FN8.4:氟吡菌酰胺SC制剂的表皮渗透性。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN8.2和8.3在10L/ha和200L/ha时都具有比参考配方FN8.1更高的表皮渗透性。此外,配方FN8.2和8.3在10L/ha下具有与200L/ha相当的渗透性。
实施例FN9:异噻菌胺和肟菌酯220SC
表FN9.1:配方FN9.1、FN9.2、FN9.3和FN9.4。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN9.3:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.75L/ha施用。
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN9.1,示例本发明的配方FN9.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。此外,含有高铺展剂(c)和吸收促进剂(d)但不含耐雨剂(e)的配方FN9.4表现出更大的沉积物尺寸,但洗脱也更高(表FN9.4)。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN9.4:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN9.1——20L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方FN9.2——20L/ha | ++++ |
非本发明配方FN9.4——20L/ha | ++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN9.1和FN9.4,示例本发明的配方FN9.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例FN10:Inpyrfluxam SC
表FN10.1:配方FN10.1、FN10.2、FN10.3、FN10.4、FN10.5和FN10.6。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN10.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN10.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方FN10.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
表皮渗透
根据表皮渗透测试方法13测定苹果叶表皮的渗透性。
表FN10.3:inpyrfluxam SC制剂的表皮渗透。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN10.2在10和200L/ha下都比参考配方FN10.1具有更高的表皮渗透。此外,配方FN10.2在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的渗透。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN10.4:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN10.1——10L/ha | +++ |
非本发明配方FN10.1——200L/ha | +++++ |
本发明配方FN10.2——10L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方FN10.2——200L/ha | +++++ |
非本发明配方FN10.3——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方FN10.3——200L/ha | ++++ |
非本发明配方FN10.4——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方FN10.4——200L/ha | +++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于没有添加的参考配方FN10.1、含有铺展剂(c)的FN10.3和含有吸收促进剂(d)的FN10.4,示例本发明的配方FN10.2在10L/ha喷雾量下表现出相同的更高的施用制剂保留量。
温室
表FN10.5:对PHAKPA/大豆的生物功效。
方法12:大豆,保护1天,评估7dat
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN10.6在10和200L/ha喷雾量下均表现出比参考配方FN10.5更高的功效。此外,配方FN10.6在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的功效。
实施例FN11:丙硫菌唑SC
表FN11.1:配方FN11.1和FN11.2。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN11.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN11.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方FN11.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
温室
表FN11.3:对PHAKPA/大豆的生物功效。
方法12:大豆,保护1天,评估7dat
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN11.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下均表现出比参考配方FN10.1更高的功效。此外,配方FN11.2在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的功效。
实施例FN12:联苯吡菌胺SC
表FN12.1:配方FN12.1、FN12.2和FN12.3。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN12.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN12.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方FN12.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
温室
表FN12.3:对PHAKPA/大豆的生物功效。
方法12:大豆,保护1天,评估7dat
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN12.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下均表现出比参考配方FN12.1更高的功效。此外,配方FN12.2在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的功效。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN12.4:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN12.1——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方FN12.1——200L/ha | +++++ |
本发明配方FN12.2——10L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方FN12.2——200L/ha | +++++ |
非本发明配方FN12.3——10L/ha | +++ |
非本发明配方FN12.3——200L/ha | +++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于含有漂移减少剂(b)、铺展添加剂(c)和吸收促进添加剂(d)但不含耐雨添加剂(e)的参考配方FN12.1和FN12.3,示例本发明的配方FN12.2在10L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
漂移
根据方法7测定漂移。
表FN10.2:联苯吡菌胺SC配方的漂移数据。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含减少漂移的油(b)的参考配方FN12.4,示例本发明的配方FN12.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更少量的小于100微米和小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
实施例FN13:Isoflucypram 20SC
表FN13.1:配方FN13.1、FN13.2和FN13.3。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN13.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN13.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方FN31.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
温室
表FN13.3:对PUCCRT/小麦的生物学功效。
方法12:小麦,治疗2天,评估7dat。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN13.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下均表现出比参考配方FN13.1更高的功效。此外,配方FN13.2在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的功效。
在小麦植株上的铺展
用TP8002E喷嘴以2巴的压力喷雾高度在15-25cm的小麦植株。使用PWM装置来实现10L/ha的喷雾量。将少量荧光标记物添加到喷雾液中,在UV照射(365nm)下目视测定覆盖率%。
表FN13.4:喷雾在小麦植株上的覆盖率%。
制剂以1.0L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN13.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下均表现出相较于参考配方FN13.1更大的叶片覆盖率。
被喷雾小麦植株上的叶片沉积物的图像如图1所示,出乎意料的是,示例本发明的配方FN13.2在10L/ha的喷雾量下表现出非常高的覆盖率,而参考配方FN13.1表现出以10L/ha的低喷雾量施用喷雾所预期的不好的覆盖率。同样出乎意料的是,即使以活性成分和铺展剂(c)剂量更低的0.5L/ha和0.25L/ha施用时,在10L/ha下的覆盖率差异也与FN13.2的功效显著提高相对应。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱。
表FN13.5:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方FN13.1——10L/ha | +++ |
非本发明配方FN13.1——200L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方FN13.2——10L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方FN13.2——200L/ha | +++++ |
非本发明配方FN13.3——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方FN13.3——200L/ha | +++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN13.1,示例本发明的配方FN13.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量,以及相较于含有漂移减少剂(b)、铺展添加剂(c)和吸收促进添加剂(d)但不含耐雨添加剂(e)的参考配方FN13.3,示例本发明的配方FN13.2在10L/ha下表现出更高的量。
实施例FN14:Fluoxapiprolin SC
表FN14.1:配方FN14.1、FN14.2和FN14.3。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
漂移
根据方法9测定漂移。
表FN14.2:Fluoxapiprolin SC配方的漂移数据。
制剂以0.35L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN14.1和FN14.3,示例本发明的配方FN14.2在10L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的可漂移液滴级分。
在西红柿植株上的铺展
用TP8002E喷嘴以2巴的压力喷雾4叶生长阶段(BBCH 14)的西红柿植株。使用PWM装置来实现15L/ha的喷雾量。将少量荧光标记物添加到喷雾液中,在UV照射(365nm)下目视测定覆盖率%。
表FN14.3:喷雾在西红柿植株上的覆盖率%。
制剂以1.0L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN14.2在15和200L/ha喷雾量下均表现出相较于参考配方FN14.1更大的叶片覆盖率。
温室
表FN14.4:PHYTIN/西红柿的生物学功效。
方法12:西红柿,治疗1天,评估4dat
结果表明,将喷雾量从200L/ha减少到15L/ha,参考配方FN14.1的功效表现出大幅下降。示例本发明的配方FN14.2在喷雾量从200L/ha减少到15L/ha时仍保持明显更好的功效。此外,相较于参考配方FN14.1,配方FN14.2在15和200L/ha的喷雾量下都表现出更高的功效。
实施例FN15:氟吡菌胺SC
表FN15.1:配方FN15.1、FN15.2和FN15.3。
所用的制备方法同方法2。
在西红柿植株上的铺展
用TP8002E喷嘴以2巴的压力喷雾4叶生长阶段(BBCH 14)的西红柿植株。使用PWM装置来实现15L/ha的喷雾量。将少量荧光标记物添加到喷雾液中,在UV照射(365nm)下目视测定覆盖率%。
表FN15.3:喷雾在西红柿植株上的覆盖率%。
制剂以1.0L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN15.2在15和200L/ha喷雾量均表现出相较于参考配方FN15.1更大的叶片覆盖率。
温室
表FN15.4:在PHYTIN/西红柿上的生物学功效(参考01FLC PHYTIN)
方法12:西红柿,治疗1天,评估4dat
结果表明,相较于参考配方FN15.1,示例本发明的配方FN15.2在200L/ha和15L/ha下都展现出更好的功效。此外,相较于200L/ha,配方FN15.2在所观察到的更低覆盖率(表FN15.3)的15L/ha下的功效出乎意料地高。
物理性质(physical aspect)
目视评估关于粘度的物理性质。
表FN15.5:配方的物理性质。
结果表明,配方FN15.4过于粘稠,无法供客户使用,并说明SC配方中可加入聚合物的量存在浓度上限。对于漂移减少聚合物AgRho DR2000来说,这大约是10g/L。
实施例FN16:联苯吡菌胺SC
表FN16.1:配方FN16.1、FN16.2、FN16.3、FN16.4和FN16.5。
所用的制备方法同方法2。
物理性质
目视评估关于粘度的物理性质。
表FN16.4:配方的物理性质。
结果表明,聚合物WSR301可以0.3至1.2g/L的浓度加入SC配方中。
喷雾液滴尺寸
根据方法9测定喷雾液滴尺寸。
表FN16.4:喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
喷雾量为15L/ha的以0.5L/ha施用的制剂。
结果表明,聚合物WSR301可以在0.6至1.2g/L的浓度范围内(就喷雾量为15L/ha的以0.5L/ha施用的配方而言)降低小于100微米和小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
实施例FN17:戊唑醇SC
表FN17.1:配方FN17.1、FN17.2、FN17.3、FN17.4和FN17.5。
所用的制备方法同方法2。
表FN17.2:配方FN17.6、FN17.7、FN17.8和FN17.9。
所用的制备方法同方法2。
表FN17.3:配方FN17.10、FN17.11、FN17.12和FN17.13。
所用的制备方法同方法2。
物理性质
目视评估关于粘度的物理性质。
表FN17.4:配方的物理性质。
结果表明,聚合物WSR N12K可以0.6至2.4g/L的浓度加入SC配方中。
喷雾液滴尺寸
根据方法9测定喷雾液滴尺寸。
表FN17.5:喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
喷雾量为15L/ha的以0.5L/ha施用的制剂。
结果表明,聚合物WSR N12K可以在0.6至2.4g/L的浓度范围内(就喷雾量为15L/ha的以0.5L/ha施用的配方而言)降低小于100微米和小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。此外,这些结果表明,用铺展剂(c)和吸收促进剂(d)也观察到可漂移级分的减少。
实施例FN18:Inpyrfluxam SC
表FN18.1:配方FN18.1、FN18.2和FN18.3
所用的制备方法同方法1。
漂移
根据方法7测定漂移。
表FN18.2:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含减少漂移的油(b)的参考配方FN18.3,示例本发明的配方FN18.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的可漂移液滴级分。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN18.3:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN18.2在20L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方FN18.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
实施例FN19:Fluoxapiprolin SC
表FN19.1:配方FN19.1、FN19.2和FN19.3
所用的制备方法同方法2。
漂移
根据方法7测定漂移。
表FN19.2:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含漂移减少聚合物(b)的参考配方FN19.3,示例本发明的配方FN19.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低的可漂移液滴级分。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表FN19.3:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的大豆叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方FN19.2在20L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方FN19.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
杀虫剂实施例
实施例IN1:螺虫乙酯150SC
表IN1.1:配方IN11和IN12。1
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表IN1.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以8/15/100L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN12在8和15L/ha的喷雾量下比在100L/ha下且与参考配方IN11相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
表皮渗透
根据表皮渗透测试方法13测定苹果叶表皮的渗透性。
表IN1.3:螺虫乙酯SC配方的表皮渗透性。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN12在10和200L/ha下均具有比参考配方IN11更高的表皮渗透性。此外,配方IN12在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的渗透性。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱,但洗脱速率为600mL/min
表IN1.4:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方IN11——10L/ha | +++ |
非本发明配方IN11——200L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方IN12——10L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方IN12——200L/ha | +++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方IN11,示例本发明的配方IN12在10L/ha和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例IN2:四唑虫酰胺80SC
表IN 2.1:配方IN21、IN22和IN822
所用的制备方法同方法1(IN21、IN22)和方法2(IN82)。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表IN2.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以8/15/100L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN82对于水稻而言在8和15L/ha的喷雾量下比在100L/ha下且与参考配方IN21相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱,但洗脱速率为600mL/min
表IN2.3:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方IN21——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方IN21——200L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方IN22——10L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方IN22——200L/ha | +++++ |
本发明配方IN82——10L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方IN82——200L/ha | +++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方IN21,示例本发明的配方IN22和IN82在10L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例IN3:吡虫啉+噻虫啉300SC
表IN 3.1:配方IN31和IN323
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表IN3.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以8/15/100L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN32在8和15L/ha的喷雾量下比在100L/ha下且与参考配方IN31相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
表皮渗透
根据表皮渗透测试方法13测定苹果叶表皮的渗透性。
表IN3.3:吡虫啉+噻虫啉SC制剂的吡虫啉的表皮渗透性。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN32在10和200L/ha下均具有比参考配方IN31更高的表皮渗透性。此外,配方IN32在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的渗透性。
表IN3.4:吡虫啉+噻虫啉SC制剂的噻虫啉的表皮渗透性。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN32在10和200L/ha下均具有比参考配方IN31更高的表皮渗透性。此外,配方IN32在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的渗透性。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱,但洗脱速率为600mL/min
表IN3.5:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方IN31——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方IN31——200L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方IN32——10L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方IN32——200L/ha | ++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)。
结果表明,相较于参考配方IN31,示例本发明的配方IN32在10L/ha和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例IN4:溴氰菊酯25SC
表IN 4.1:配方IN41和IN424
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表IN4.1:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以8/15/100L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN42在8和15L/ha喷雾量下比在100L/ha下且与参考配方IN41相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
实施例IN5:乙虫腈200SC
表IN5.1:配方IN51和IN52
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表IN5.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以8/15/100L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN52在8和15L/ha的喷雾量下比在100L/ha下且与参考配方IN51相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱,但洗脱速率为600mL/min
表IN5.3:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方IN51——10L/ha | +++ |
非本发明配方IN51——200L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方IN52——10L/ha | ++ |
本发明配方IN52——200L/ha | +++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)。
实施例IN6:氟吡呋喃酮150SC
表IN6.1:配方IN61和IN62
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表IN6.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以8/15/100L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN62对于水稻而言在8和15L/ha的喷雾量下比在100L/ha下且与参考配方IN61相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱,但洗脱速率为600mL/min
表IN6.3:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方IN61——10L/ha | ++ |
非本发明配方IN61——200L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方IN62——10L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方IN62——200L/ha | +++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)。
结果表明,相较于参考配方IN61,示例本发明的配方IN62在10L/ha和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例IN7:Spidoxamat 48SC
表IN7.1:配方IN71和IN72
所用的制备方法同方法1。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表IN7.2:在无纹理的苹果叶片以及有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以8/15/100 L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方IN72在8和15 L/ha喷雾量下比在100L/ha下且与参考配方IN71相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
叶片洗脱
根据方法15测定洗脱,但洗脱速率为600 mL/min
表IN7.3:叶片洗脱数据。
配方 | 玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 |
非本发明配方IN71——10 L/ha | + |
非本发明配方IN71——200 L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方IN72——10 L/ha | +++++ |
本发明配方IN72——200 L/ha | +++++ |
制剂以0.5 L/ha测试(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)。
结果表明,相较于参考配方IN71,示例本发明的配方IN72在10 L/ha和200 L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
除草剂实施例
实施例HB1:氟酮磺草胺100SC
表HB1.1:配方HB1.1、HB1.2和HB1.3。
所用的制备方法同方法2。
漂移
根据方法7测定漂移。
表HB1.2.:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含漂移减少添加剂(b)的参考配方HB1.3,示例本发明的配方HB1.2在10L/ha喷雾量下表现出更少量的小于100微米和小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
表HB1.3.:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含漂移减少添加剂(b)的参考配方HB1.3,示例本发明的配方HB1.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更少量的小于100微米和小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表HB1.4:在无纹理的苘麻属(abutilon)、反枝苋(amaranthus retroflexus)和苹果叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方HB1.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方HB1.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
表HB1.5:在有纹理的马唐(digitaria sanguinalis)、藜(Chenopodium album)、大豆和水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方HB1.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方HB1.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
表皮渗透
根据表皮渗透测试方法13测定苹果叶表皮的渗透性。
表HB1.6:氟酮磺草胺SC配方的表皮渗透性。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方HB1.2在10和200L/ha下均具有比参考配方HB1.1更高的表皮渗透性。此外,配方HB1.2在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的渗透性。
叶片洗脱
表HB.1.7叶片洗脱数据。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方HB1.1,示例本发明的配方HB1.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例HB2:环磺酮+双苯恶唑酸(Isoxadifen)315SC
表HB2.1:配方HB2.1、HB2.2和HB2.3。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
漂移
根据方法7测定漂移。
表HB2.2.:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含减少漂移的油(b)的参考配方HB2.3,示例本发明的配方HB2.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低量的小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表HB2.3:在无纹理的苹果叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方HB2.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方HB2.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
表HB2.4:在有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方HB2.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方HB2.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
表皮渗透
根据表皮渗透测试方法13测定苹果叶表皮的渗透性。
表HB2.5:环磺酮SC配方的表皮渗透性。
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方HB2.2在10和200L/ha下均具有比参考配方HB2.1更高的表皮渗透性。此外,配方HB2.1在10L/ha下比在200L/ha下具有更高的渗透性。
叶片洗脱
表HB2.6叶片洗脱数据。
玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 | |
非本发明配方HB2.1——10L/ha | +++ |
本发明配方HB2.2——10L/ha | ++++ |
非本发明配方HB2.1——200L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方HB2.2——200L/ha | +++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方HB2.1,示例本发明的配方HB2.2在10和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
实施例HB3:噻酮磺隆(thiencarbazone)+环丙磺酰胺200SC
表HB3.1:配方HB3.1、HB3.2和HB3.3。
所用的制备方法同方法1。
漂移
根据方法7测定漂移。
表HB3.2.:漂移数据
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。
结果表明,相较于不含减少漂移的油(b)的参考配方HB3.3,示例本发明的配方HB3.2在20L/ha喷雾量下表现出更低量的小于150微米的喷雾液滴的可漂移级分。
在叶片上进行移液器铺展试验
根据方法17测定叶片沉积物的尺寸。
表HB3.3:在无纹理的苹果叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方HB3.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方HB3.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
表HB3.4:在有纹理的水稻叶片上喷雾稀释液的液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,示例本发明的配方HB3.2在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha下且与参考配方HB3.1相比表现出更大的沉积物尺寸。
叶片洗脱
根据方法13测定洗脱。
表HB.3.5叶片洗脱数据。
玉米叶片上1小时后保留的沉积物量 | |
非本发明配方HB3.1——10L/ha | ++ |
本发明配方HB3.2——10L/ha | ++++ |
非本发明配方HB3.1——200L/ha | ++++ |
本发明配方HB3.2——200L/ha | +++++ |
制剂以0.5L/ha测试。(+=全部洗脱,+++++=全部保留)
结果表明,相较于参考配方HB3.1,示例本发明的配方HB3.2在10L/ha喷雾量和200L/ha喷雾量下表现出更高的施用制剂保留量。
Claims (28)
1.农业化学品制剂,其包含
a)一种或多种活性成分,
b)一种或多种漂移减少成分,
c)一种或多种铺展剂,
d)一种或多种吸收促进剂,
e)一种或多种耐雨添加剂,
f)任选的其他助剂,
g)补足至总量的一种或多种载体,
所述制剂包含以下量的组分a)至g)
a)5至500g/L,
b)0.01至50g/L,在b)是植物油或酯的情况下,则其为1至50g/L,在b)是漂移减少聚合物的情况下,则其为0.05至3g/L,
c)5至150g/L,
d)10至180g/L,
e)5至150g/L,
g)补足至总量的载体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农业化学品制剂,其中所述组分f)是必须的,其以如下量存在:
f1)8至120g/L,
f2)1至20g/L,
f3)0.5至20g/L,
f4)5至150g/L,
f5)0.1至120g/L。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的农业化学品制剂,其中b)选自聚环氧乙烷,其平均分子量优选为50万至1200万g/mol,更优选为75万至1000万g/mol,最优选为100万至800万g/mol,以及植物油、植物油酯和植物油二酯,所述植物油酯和植物油二酯包括与丙三醇和丙二醇的酯。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的农业化学品制剂,其中b)选自聚合物,所述聚合物选自羟丙基瓜尔胶和聚环氧乙烷,所述聚环氧乙烷的平均分子量优选为50万至1200万g/mol,更优选为75万至1000万g/mol,最优选为100万至800万g/mol,所述b)以0.05至10g/L存在,优选以0.1至8g/L存在,最优选以0.2至6g/L存在,更优选以聚环氧乙烷的形式存在。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中b)选自植物油、植物油酯和植物油二酯,所述植物油酯和植物油二酯包括与丙三醇和丙二醇的酯,所述b)以1至50g/L存在,优选以5至30g/L存在,最优选以8至25g/L存在。
6.根据权利要求1至5中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中c)选自聚醚改性七甲基三硅氧烷、二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯、醇的乙氧基化物和具有1至6个EO的乙氧基化二乙炔二醇,优选选自聚醚改性七甲基三硅氧烷、二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯和具有1至6个EO的乙氧基化二乙炔二醇。
7.根据权利要求1至6中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中d)选自乙氧基化的醇类、丙氧基-乙氧基化的醇类、乙氧基化的羧酸类、丙氧基-乙氧基化的羧酸类,或乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯、二酯或三酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均5-40个EO单元。
8.根据权利要求1至7中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中e)是Tg在-100℃至30℃范围内的乳液聚合物或聚合物分散体,其中所述聚合物是丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合。
9.根据权利要求1至8中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中a)以10至320g/L的量存在,最优选以20至230g/L的量存在。
10.根据权利要求1至9中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中c)以10至120g/L的量存在,最优选以20至80g/L的量存在。
11.根据权利要求1至10中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中d)以20至150g/L的量存在,最优选以30至140g/L的量存在。
12.根据权利要求1至11中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中e)以10至100g/L的量存在,最优选以20至80g/L的量存在。
13.根据权利要求1至12中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中根据权利要求5存在的b)以0.1g/ha至50g/ha,更优选1g/ha至40g/ha,最优选5g/ha至30g/ha施用。
14.根据权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中根据权利要求4存在的b)以0.01g/ha至25g/ha,更优选0.05g/ha至10g/ha,最优选0.1g/ha至6g/ha施用。
15.根据权利要求1至14中的一项或多项所述的农业化学品制剂,其中所述活性成分选自肟菌酯、联苯吡菌胺、丙硫菌唑、Inpyrfluxam、Isoflucypram、氟吡菌胺、氟吡菌酰胺、Fluoxapiprolin、异噻菌胺、螺虫乙酯、四唑虫酰胺、乙虫腈、吡虫啉、溴氰菊酯、氟吡呋喃酮、Spidoxamat、氟酮磺草胺、环磺酮、噻酮磺隆、双苯恶唑酸和Cyprosulfamat。
16.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的农业化学品制剂,其包含以下量的所述组分a)至g):
a)10至320g/L,最优选20至230g/L,
b)0.1至30g/L,最优选1至20g/L,在b)为植物油或酯的情况下,则其为5至30g/L,最优选8至25g/L,在b)为漂移减少聚合物的情况下,则其为0.1至2g/L,最优选0.2至1.5g/L,
c)10至120g/L,最优选20至80g/L,
d)20至150g/L,最优选30至140g/L,
e)10至100g/L,最优选20至80g/L,
f1)8至120g/L,最优选10至80g/L,
f2)1至20g/L,最优选2至10g/L,
f3)0.5至20g/L,最优选1至12g/L,
f4)5至150g/L,最优选10至120g/L,
f5)0.1至120g/L,最优选0.5至80g/L,
g)补足至总量的载体。
17.根据权利要求1至16中一项或多项所述的农业化学品组合物,其中所述制剂以1至30L/ha,优选1至20L/ha,更优选2至15L/ha,最优选5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用。
18.根据权利要求1至17中一项或多项所述的农业化学品组合物,其中所述制剂为罐装制剂。
19.根据权利要求1至18中一项或多项所述的农业化学品组合物,其中喷雾液中添加剂b)至e)的浓度为:
添加剂b)的浓度为0.005至1g/L,最优选0.04至0.6g/L,其中所述b)为聚合物,
添加剂b)的浓度为0.01至5g/L,最优选0.02至2.5g/L,其中所述b)为油,
添加剂c)的浓度为0.25至5g/L,最优选1至3g/L,
添加剂d)的浓度为1至20g/L,最优选2至8g/L,
添加剂e)的浓度为0.5至10g/L,最优选2至6g/L。
20.根据权利要求1至18中一项或多项所述的农业化学品组合物,其中每公顷中添加剂b)至e)的剂量为:
添加剂b)的剂量为0.05至10g/ha,最优选0.4至6g/ha,其中所述b)为聚合物,
添加剂b)的剂量为0.1至50g/ha,最优选0.2至30g/ha,其中所述b)为油,
添加剂c)的剂量为1.25至50g/ha,最优选10至30g/ha,
添加剂d)的剂量为10至200g/ha,最优选40至80g/ha,
添加剂e)的剂量为5至100g/ha,最优选20至60g/ha。
21.根据权利要求1至18中一项或多项所述的农业化学品组合物,其中所述制剂中的浓度、所述喷雾液中的浓度和每公顷中添加剂b)至e)的剂量以下列方式组合:
添加剂b)在所述制剂中为0.4至6g/L,在所述喷雾液中为0.02至0.6g/L,剂量为0.2至6g/ha,其中所述b)为聚合物,
添加剂b)在所述制剂中为0.1至50g/L,在所述喷雾液中为0.01至5g/L,剂量为0.2至30g/ha,其中所述b)为油,
添加剂c)在所述制剂中为10至40g/L,在所述喷雾液中为0.5至4g/L,剂量为8至30g/ha,
添加剂d)在所述制剂中为40至160g/L,在所述喷雾液中为2至8g/L,剂量为40至80g/ha,
添加剂e)在所述制剂中为20至80g/L,在所述喷雾液中为1至6g/L,剂量为20至60g/ha。
22.将根据权利要求1至18中一项或多项所述的农业化学品组合物施用至作物上的方法,其中所述制剂以1至30L/ha,优选1至20L/ha,更优选2至15L/ha,最优选5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用。
23.根据权利要求1至18中一项或多项所述的农业化学品组合物在施用所述农业化学品以防治有害生物中的用途,其中所述组合物通过UAV、UGV、PWM施用。
24.根据权利要求1至22中一项或多项所述的农业化学品组合物施用至作物上的方法,其中所述农业化学品组合物被施用至具有有纹理的叶片表面的植物上。
25.农业化学品制剂,其包含
a)25至35g/L的fluoxapiprolin和190至210g/L的氟吡菌胺的混合物,
b)8至12g/L的植物油,优选向日葵油,或在一个替代实施方案中,0.3至0.5g/L的聚环氧乙烷,优选其平均分子量为400万g/mol,
c)15至25g/L的铺展剂,优选在丙二醇中的二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(65-70%),
d)90-110g/L的吸收促进剂,优选乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元,
e)40-60g/L的耐雨添加剂,优选地,优选聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合,
f)2-5g/L的流变改性剂(f2),其选自多糖;90-110g/L的防冻剂(f4),优选丙三醇;3-5g/L的消泡剂(f3),防腐剂(f5),1.5-2.3g/L的1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3(2H)-酮,以及25-35g/L的至少一种其他化合物f),
g)补足至总量(1L)的作为载体的水。
26.农业化学品制剂,其包含
a)190至210g/L的氟吡菌胺,
b)12至18g/L的植物油酯,优选油菜籽油甲酯,
c)30至50g/L的至少一种铺展剂,优选10至30g/L的在丙二醇中的二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(65-70%)和20至40g/L的聚醚改性七甲基三硅氧烷,
d)50-70g/L的吸收促进剂,优选乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元,
e)40-60g/L的耐雨添加剂,优选地,优选聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合,
f)3-4g/L的流变改性剂(f2),其选自多糖;4-5.5g/L的另一流变改性剂,其选自粘土;50-70g/L的防冻剂(f4),优选丙三醇;8-12g/L的消泡剂(f3),2-3g/L的至少一种防腐剂(f5),以及2-3g/L的磷酸盐缓冲液,
g)补足至总量(1L)的作为载体的水。
27.农业化学品制剂,其包含
a)110至130g/L的异噻菌胺和90至110g/L的肟菌酯的混合物,
b)8至12g/L的植物油,优选向日葵油,
c)25至35g/L的至少一种铺展剂,优选10至20g/L的在丙二醇中的二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(65-70%)和10至20g/L的乙氧基化的二乙炔二醇,
d)20-40g/L的吸收促进剂,优选乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元,
e)35-45g/L的耐雨添加剂,优选地,优选聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合,
f)3-5g/L的流变改性剂(f2),其选自多糖;80-100g/L的防冻剂(f4),优选丙三醇;3-5g/L的消泡剂(f3),1.5-2.8g/L的至少一种防腐剂(f5),以及10-55g/L的至少一种其他化合物f),
g)补足至总量(1L)的作为载体的水。
28.农业化学品制剂,其包含
a)240至260g/L的氟吡菌酰胺,
b)8至12g/L的植物油,优选向日葵油,或在一个替代实施方案中,0.3至0.5g/L的聚环氧乙烷,优选其平均分子量为400万g/mol,
c)20至30g/L的铺展剂,优选在丙二醇中的二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(65-70%),
d)120-140g/L的吸收促进剂,优选乙氧基化的丙三醇单酯或二酯,其包含具有8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸和平均10-40个EO单元,
e)30-50g/L的耐雨添加剂,优选地,优选聚合物选自丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯的共聚物,其中所述丙烯酸酯选自丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合,所述苯乙烯选自苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯或其组合,
f)1.5-3.5g/L的流变改性剂(f2),其选自多糖;80-100g/L的防冻剂(f4),优选丙三醇;2.5-4g/L的消泡剂(f3),2-3g/L的至少一种防腐剂(f5),以及25-35g/L的至少一种其他化合物f),
g)补足至总量(1L)的作为载体的水。
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PCT/EP2021/080846 WO2022096692A1 (en) | 2020-11-08 | 2021-11-05 | Agrochemical composition with improved drift, spreading, uptake and rainfastness properties |
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- 2021-11-05 CN CN202180086776.8A patent/CN116669549A/zh active Pending
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