CN116663838A - Urban built-up area-based distributed hydrologic model, construction and water supply simulation method - Google Patents
Urban built-up area-based distributed hydrologic model, construction and water supply simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a distributed hydrologic model based on an urban built-up area, and relates to the technical field of application of the distributed hydrologic model. The model comprises a water source basic information reading module and a multi-water source quality-divided water supply module, wherein the multi-water source quality-divided water supply module comprises an urban built-up area identification unit, a water source water quality condition identification unit, a water taking limiting condition identification unit, a water source water taking calculation unit and a water source module calling unit. The application improves the traditional distributed hydrologic model, and adds the multi-water source quality-dividing water supply module in the traditional distributed hydrologic model, so that the improved distributed hydrologic model can simulate water supply of the urban built-up area according to the water supply sequence and water quality condition of the water supply source, the obtained water supply simulation result can reflect the actual water supply condition of the urban built-up area, and technical support is provided for exploring the urban water source water supply condition, adjusting the water supply strategy, improving the urban water supply guarantee rate and guaranteeing the urban water supply safety.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of application of distributed hydrologic models, in particular to a distributed hydrologic model based on an urban built-up area, a construction method and a water supply simulation method.
Background
The distributed hydrologic model is an important tool for exploring the complex mechanism of the water circulation process, and plays an irreplaceable role in the research in the fields of regional water resource comprehensive management, agricultural irrigation, urban water taking research and the like. The modeling thinking is to consider the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of meteorological conditions and underlying conditions in a research flow area, divide the research area into a plurality of hydrologic simulation units by adopting specific processing methods such as grids, contour lines, ridge lines and the like, respectively input different information such as meteorological, soil, vegetation, point source pollution, farmland management and the like, calculate runoff and pollution by adopting a group of parameters reflecting the characteristics of hydrologic and hydrologic respectively by each hydrologic simulation unit, and calculate the runoff process and the water quality process of the outlet of the flow area according to factors such as the length, gradient, roughness, temperature and the like of a river network.
However, the traditional hydrologic model is mainly developed by taking a confluence mechanism as a core, and has great defects in the design of life and industrial water taking. The main aspects are as follows:
(1) The urban life and industrial production water in China is mostly water supply modes of various water sources such as river channel water, reservoir water, reclaimed water, underground water and exogenous water, the traditional distributed model is generally rough in water resource development and utilization treatment, the water supply sequence of each water source is not considered, water taking of the water sources such as river channels and reservoirs is mostly taken as boundary conditions, and the water taking process of the urban built-up area is simulated by directly deducting the water amount from the water sources.
(2) Domestic production water in the urban built-up area has water demand and water quality requirement, and is especially suitable for surface water sources such as river channels, reservoirs and the like. The traditional distributed hydrologic model does not consider the influence of water quality change on human water taking when water taking simulation is performed, and the simulation result of surface water taking and underground water taking can not reflect the actual situation, so that the simulation result of the water supply structure of the urban built-up area is deviated.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a distributed hydrological model based on an urban built-up area, a construction and water supply simulation method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following solutions:
a distributed hydrological model based on urban built-up areas, comprising:
the water source basic information reading module is used for reading the water supply source, the water supply sequence of the water supply source, the water quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition of the current hydrologic simulation unit;
a multi-water source dual water supply module, the multi-water source dual water supply module comprising: the urban built-up area recognition unit, the water source water quality condition recognition unit, the water intake limiting condition recognition unit and the water source water intake calculation unit;
the urban built-up area identification unit is used for determining the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit;
the water source water quality condition identification unit is used for determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake according to the water supply sequence of the current water supply source when the water quality of the current water supply source can not meet the water quality requirement of water intake;
the water taking limiting condition identification unit is used for determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source meets the water taking limiting condition when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source can meet the water taking limiting condition according to the water supply sequence of the current water supply source when the water quality of the current water supply source can not meet the water taking limiting condition; the water taking limiting conditions comprise minimum ecological flow of a river channel and minimum water level of underground water exploitation;
the water source water taking calculation unit is used for calculating the water supply quantity of the current water supply source when the current water supply source meets the water taking quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition.
Optionally, the type of water supply source includes river channels, reservoirs, underground aquifers, pits, and off-river water sources.
Optionally, the urban built-up area identifying unit is further configured to end water supply simulation of the current hydrologic simulation unit when the land use type of the hydrologic simulation unit is not urban land, and select the next hydrologic simulation unit as the current hydrologic simulation unit.
Optionally, the water source water intake calculating unit is configured to determine an available water amount of the current water supply source and a water amount required by the current hydrological simulating unit, compare the available water amount with the water amount required, determine the water amount required as the water supply amount of the current water supply source when the available water amount is greater than the water amount required, and determine the available water amount as the water supply amount of the current water supply source when the available water amount is less than the water amount required.
Optionally, when the available water quantity is smaller than the water quantity, the water source water taking calculation unit is further used for determining that the next water supply source is the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources, taking the unsatisfied water quantity as the current water quantity, and jumping to the step of comparing the available water quantity with the water quantity.
Optionally, the water source water quality condition identification unit is used for determining the water quality of the current water supply source according to the daily pollution load of the current water supply source and the daily water quantity of the current water supply source;
optionally, the water source water quality condition identifying unit is used for determining the water quality of the current water supply source according to a water quality concentration calculation formula, and the water quality concentration calculation formula is as follows:
con＝Load×1000/Wt
where con represents the water quality concentration of the current water supply source, load represents the daily pollution Load of the current water supply source, and Wt represents the daily water quantity of the current water supply source.
The application also provides a method for constructing the distributed hydrological model based on the urban built-up area, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding a water source basic information reading code into a main program of a distributed hydrological model, wherein the water source basic information reading code is used for reading a water supply source of a hydrological simulation unit, a water supply sequence of the water supply source, a water taking quality requirement and a water taking limiting condition when the model is started;
step 2: in a sub-basin module of a distributed hydrological model, adding a multi-water source dual water supply code for:
determining the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit;
when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake, and when the water quality of the current water supply source cannot meet the water quality requirement of water intake, taking the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake;
when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source meets the water taking limiting condition, and when the water quality of the current water supply source cannot meet the water taking limiting condition, taking the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply source, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source can meet the water taking limiting condition; the water taking limiting conditions comprise minimum ecological flow of a river channel and minimum water level of underground water exploitation;
and calculating the water supply quantity of the current water supply source when the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition.
Optionally, the method for constructing the distributed hydrological model based on the urban built-up area further comprises the following steps: creating an engineering folder by using Visual Studio software, and importing modified hydrological model source codes.
The application also provides a water supply simulation method based on the distributed hydrological model of the urban built-up area, which comprises the following steps: the water supply source, the water supply sequence of the water supply source, the water taking quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition of the hydrologic simulation units are input into the distributed hydrologic model, and the water supply simulation is carried out on each hydrologic simulation unit.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the application, the application discloses the following technical effects:
the application discloses a distributed hydrological model based on a built-up area of a city, which comprises a water source basic information reading module and a multi-water source quality-divided water supply module, wherein the multi-water source quality-divided water supply module comprises a built-up area of the city identification unit, a water source quality condition identification unit, a water taking limiting condition identification unit and a water source water taking calculation unit. Aiming at the defects that the traditional distributed hydrologic model does not consider the water supply sequence of each water source and cannot consider the influence of water quality change of the water source on water taken by human beings when the water source is taken, the application improves the traditional distributed hydrologic model, and a multi-water source quality-divided water supply module is added in the traditional distributed hydrologic model, so that the improved distributed hydrologic model can simulate water supply of the urban built-up area according to the water supply sequence and the water quality condition of the water supply source, and the obtained water supply simulation result can reflect the actual water supply condition of the urban built-up area.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed hydrological model based on urban as-built areas according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of constructing a distributed hydrological model based on an urban built-up area according to the present application;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the multi-source dual water supply module of the present application, where ci (i=1, 2, …, k) represents the water quality concentration of the water supply source with priority i; cm represents the water quality concentration of the water supply source that allows water to be taken; wsci (i=1, 2, …, k) represents the water supply availability of the water supply source of priority i; q represents river ecology guarantee flow or groundwater limit water level; w represents river flow or ground water level; wsp represents the cumulative water intake from various sources on the hydrologic simulation unit; wdm represents the water demand of the hydrologic simulation unit);
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of measured and simulated moon runoff processes at station Guo Tan in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the results of measured and simulated ammonia nitrogen concentrations at station Dong Po in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of daily simulation of water consumption and water supply in an urban built-up area without considering the quality-based water supply according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the results of daily simulation of the water consumption and the water supply amount of the urban built-up area in consideration of the case of the split water supply according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings and tables in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The application aims to provide a distributed hydrological model based on an urban built-up area, a construction and water supply simulation method.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a distributed hydrological model based on an urban built area, which comprises:
the water source basic information reading module 1 is used for reading the water supply source, the water supply sequence of the water supply source, the water quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition of the current hydrologic simulation unit;
a multi-water source dual water supply module 2, the multi-water source dual water supply module comprising: urban built-up area identification unit 201, water source water quality condition identification unit 202, water intake restriction condition identification unit 203, and water source water intake calculation unit 204;
the urban built-up area identifying unit 201 is configured to determine a land use type of the hydrologic simulating unit, and when the land use type of the hydrologic simulating unit is not the urban land, end water supply simulation of the current hydrologic simulating unit, and select the next hydrologic simulating unit as the current hydrologic simulating unit.
The water source water quality condition identifying unit 202 is configured to determine whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulating unit is urban land, and skip to determine whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement when the water quality of the current water supply source cannot meet the water quality requirement according to the water supply sequence of the water supply source by taking the next water supply source as the current water supply source;
the water intake limiting condition identifying unit 203 is configured to determine whether the water quantity of the current water supply source meets a water intake limiting condition when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulating unit is urban land, and skip to determine whether the water quantity of the current water supply source meets the water intake limiting condition according to the water supply sequence of the current water supply source when the water quality of the current water supply source cannot meet the water intake limiting condition; the water taking limiting conditions comprise minimum ecological flow of a river channel and minimum water level of underground water exploitation;
the water source water intake calculating unit 204 is configured to calculate a water supply amount of the current water supply source when the current water supply source meets the water intake quality requirement and the water intake limiting condition.
In some embodiments, the types of water supply sources may include:
river channels, reservoirs, underground aquifers, pits and river basin external water sources.
In some embodiments, the water source water intake computing unit 204 may specifically include:
and the water supply device is used for determining the available water quantity of the current water supply source and the water demand of the current hydrological simulation unit, comparing the available water quantity with the water demand, determining the water demand as the water supply quantity of the current water supply source when the available water quantity is larger than the water demand, and determining the available water quantity as the water supply quantity of the current water supply source when the available water quantity is smaller than the water demand.
In some embodiments, the water source intake computing unit 204 may further include:
and when the available water quantity is smaller than the water quantity, determining that the next water supply source is the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources, taking the unsatisfied water quantity as the current water quantity, and jumping to the step of comparing the available water quantity with the water quantity.
In some embodiments, the water source water quality condition identifying unit 202 may specifically include: for determining the quality of the current water supply source according to the daily pollution load of the current water supply source and the daily water quantity of the current water supply source.
In some embodiments, the water source water quality condition identification unit 202 may further include:
the water quality control method is used for determining the water quality of the current water supply source according to a water quality concentration calculation formula, and the water quality concentration calculation formula is as follows:
con＝Load×1000/Wt
where con represents the water quality concentration of the current water supply source, load represents the daily pollution Load of the current water supply source, and Wt represents the daily water quantity of the current water supply source.
As shown in fig. 2, the application further provides a method for constructing a distributed hydrological model based on an urban built-up area, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding a water source basic information reading code into a main program of a distributed hydrological model, wherein the water source basic information reading code is used for reading a water supply source of a hydrological simulation unit, a water supply sequence of the water supply source, a water taking quality requirement and a water taking limiting condition when the model is started;
step 2: in a sub-basin module of a distributed hydrological model, adding a multi-water source dual water supply code for:
determining the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit;
when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake, and when the water quality of the current water supply source cannot meet the water quality requirement of water intake, taking the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake;
when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source meets the water taking limiting condition, and when the water quality of the current water supply source cannot meet the water taking limiting condition, taking the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply source, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source can meet the water taking limiting condition; the water taking limiting conditions comprise minimum ecological flow of a river channel and minimum water level of underground water exploitation;
and calculating the water supply quantity of the current water supply source when the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition.
In some embodiments, the method for constructing a distributed hydrological model based on the urban built-up area may further include:
creating an engineering folder by using Visual Studio software, and importing modified hydrological model source codes.
In some embodiments, step 1 may specifically be as follows:
the method comprises the steps of adding basic water supply source information reading codes aiming at urban built-up areas into a SWAT model main module, reading water supply source identification code information, water supply sequence information, water taking quality requirement information and water taking control condition information when the model is started, and identifying the water supply source types, the number of water supply sources, the water supply sequence, the water supply quality requirement and the like set by different HRUs in the running process of the model.
In some embodiments, step 2 may specifically be as follows:
in the sub-basin module of the SWAT model, code of the multi-water source dual water supply module is invoked for daily simulation of the dual water supply. The multi-water source quality-divided water supply module is used for urban built-up area identification, water supply source information identification, water source module calling, water source water quality condition identification, water taking limiting condition identification and water source water taking calculation. The multi-water source dual water supply module is embedded into the sub-basin module of the SWAT model by adding calling codes, the connection and the calling of the multi-water source dual water supply module are realized through common parameters, and the codes of the rchase module, the res module and the water module are shielded and called, so that the multi-water source dual water supply module is moved into the multi-water source dual water supply module for calling. When the SWAT model operates, unit-by-unit circulation calculation is carried out in the sub-basin module, and the module identifies the water supply source information such as the number of the water supply sources, the identification code, the water supply priority order and the like of the HRU aiming at the HRU with the urban land attribute, sequentially calls the corresponding water source module, analyzes the water quantity condition and the water quality condition of the water supply sources, deducts the corresponding water and adds the corresponding water to the HRU until the water demand in the HRU is met or the last water source is supplied. As shown in fig. 3, the module program operation flow is as follows:
(1) Urban built-up area identification
Firstly, identifying the land utilization type of the HRU, and if the land utilization type is urban land, entering a water supply source information identification flow by a program; if it is of another land use type, the program ends and the next HRU cycle is entered.
(2) Water supply source information identification
Program identifies the number of water sources, identification code and water supply priority of each HRU, and calls each water source module in turn. The water supply source types include river channels, reservoirs, underground aquifers, pits and river basin external water sources. The number of water source settings for each type is not limited.
(3) Water source module call
The program reads the water source identification codes of the corresponding water sources in order of water supply priority from 1 to k (k=a+b+c+d+e). The water supply source with the water supply priority of 1 is firstly sought to be called for the water source module. And calling the rchase module when the water source identification code is 1, calling the res module when the water source identification code is 2, and calling the watase module when the water source identification code is 3, 4 and 5.
(4) Water source quality condition identification
After the water source module is called, the program calculates the water quality concentration of the water supply source according to the simulated full-river basin pollution load quantity and the water resource quantity result, and identifies whether the water quality of the water supply source meets the water taking requirement of the HRU according to the input water quality requirement file of the water supply source. If the requirement is met, the program enters a water taking limiting condition identification flow; otherwise, the program takes the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources; if there is no water supply, the process ends and the next HRU is entered.
(5) Water intake restriction condition identification
Program sets ecological guarantee flow Q of river section lim And ground water minimum level GW lim Two constraints. For a water source with water supply priority of j (j=1, 2, …, k; k=a+b+c+d+e), when the water source is a river channel, if the flow Q of the river channel is greater than Qlim, entering a water source water intake calculation link; if Q is less than or equal to Q lim The program takes the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources; if the water source is an underground aquifer, if the underground water level GW>GW limj Entering a water source water taking calculation link; if GW is less than or equal to GW limj And the program takes the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources until all water sources are selected.
(6) Water source water intake calculation
For a water supply source with a water supply priority of j (j=1, 2, …, k; k=a+b+c+d+e), if the available water quantity Wscj of the water supply source is greater than the water demand Wdm of HRU, then the water intake wspj=wdm of the water supply source and the water demand of HRU is reduced to 0, the program exits the multi-water-source split-level water supply cycle and enters the next HRU; otherwise, the water intake Wspj=Wscj of the water source, the water demand of the HRU is reduced to Wdm-Wscj, the program takes the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources, and water supply calculation is continued until the water demand of the HRU is met or the water supply of the last water supply source is finished. The process ends eventually, entering the next HRU.
In the above embodiment, in order to enable the SWAT model to implement multi-water source dual water supply functions, some adaptation of the SWAT source code is also required, specifically as follows:
the SWAT source code is modified to read the water source type, the water source number, the water supply priority and the water supply quality requirement information and call the multi-water source quality-divided water supply module. The modules involved include: an rchase module, a res module, and a watase module. The main functions of each module are as follows:
the rchase module: and the river channel water module is used for taking water from a specified river channel and consuming water for sexual life and industry.
The res module: and the reservoir module is used for taking water from a designated reservoir and consuming water for sexual life and industry.
A watase module: and the underground water and external water regulating water use module is used for taking water from the shallow underground aquifer, the deep underground aquifer and the exogenous water source in the appointed sub-river basin and is used for daily and industrial consumption water.
The contents of the SWAT source code modifications include:
(1) Water source module code modification
(1) Replacing the original parameters wushal, wudeep, wupnd of the original parameters wurch in the rchase module and the original parameters wuresn, watuse in the res module with the parameters Wdm; adding a calculation program as shown in the formula (1) to realize the connection of the multi-water source and quality-divided water supply module and the rchase module, the res module and the watase module;
Wdm＝Wdm–Wsp (1)
wherein Wdm represents the daily water demand of HRU, wsp represents the daily water supply of the water supply source.
(2) Adding a calculation program as shown in a formula (2) into the rchase module, the res module and the watase module, and calculating the water quality concentration of the water body in real time;
con＝Load×1000/Wt (2)
where con represents the water quality concentration of the water source, load represents the daily pollution Load of the water supply source, and Wt represents the daily water supply amount of the water supply source.
(3) Adding a water taking restriction related code into the rchase module to ensure that water is not taken when the river channel flow is lower than the minimum ecological guarantee flow; the related expression is
ifQ≤Q lim then WSP rch ＝0 (3)
Wherein Q represents the river flow, Q lim Representing the minimum ecological guarantee flow of the river channel and WSP rch Representing the water intake of the river channel.
(4) Adding a groundwater level limiting and restraining related code into the water module, so that water is not taken when the groundwater level is lower than the lowest limiting water level of groundwater; the related expression is
ifGW≤GW lim then WSP gw ＝0 (4)
Wherein GW represents groundwater level, GW lim Representing groundwater limiting water level, WSP gw Indicating the water intake of groundwater.
The application also provides a water supply simulation method based on the distributed hydrological model of the urban built-up area, which comprises the following steps:
the water supply source (water source identification code information file), the water supply sequence (water supply priority order information file), the water intake quality requirement (water intake quality requirement information file) and the water intake limiting condition (water intake control information file) of the hydrologic simulation units are input into the distributed hydrologic model, and water supply simulation is carried out on each hydrologic simulation unit.
Before the data is input into the model, the dividing work of the HRU is needed, specifically, grid DEM data is imported into the ArcGIS, the threshold of the critical water collecting area of the natural sub-drainage basin is set and generated, the natural sub-drainage basin is divided, the river network water system is extracted, and the HRU is further divided.
Besides inputting the data into the model, the meteorological data files (mainly comprising precipitation, air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and the like) and reservoir data files (mainly comprising reservoir capacity, delivery flow and the like) of the main sites are also required to be imported to complete the construction of the distributed hydrological model. The hydrologic model mainly relies on meteorological data as boundary conditions to simulate the surface runoff-river runoff process.
Specifically:
(1) Water source identification code information file
The water source identification code information file includes a water source identification code for each HRU. The water supply source types comprise 5 water source types of river channel water, reservoir water, underground water, pit water and external flow field water regulation, and the number of water supply sources of each water source type is not limited. The water source identification code information reading file format is shown in table 1.
(2) Water supply priority information file
The water supply priority information file contains a water supply priority for each water supply source for the hydrologic model to read the water supply source water supply priority information, specify a water supply source water supply priority for each HRU, and each water source will supply water sequentially in this order. The water supply priority information reading file format is shown in table 2.
(3) Water quality requirement information file
The water intake quality requirement information file contains the water quality concentration requirement of each HRU on the water supply source, and the water quality concentration of the water supply source cannot be higher than the water quality concentration requirement, otherwise, water cannot be taken from the water supply source. The format of the water quality requirement information reading file is shown in table 3.
(4) Water intake control information file
The water intake control information file contains the minimum ecological flow of the river and the minimum limit water level data of underground water exploitation, and if the water quantity of the water supply source is lower than the minimum ecological flow of the river or the minimum limit water level of underground water exploitation, water cannot be taken. The format of the water intake control information reading file is shown in table 4.
The technical effects of the scheme are described by specific cases:
and selecting Tang-Bai river basin as an implementation case.
Basin profiling
Tang Baihe it is a branch with the largest area of the river basin, originates from the inside of Song county and Fang county in Henan province, and enters Han river near Xiangyang city, where there are mainly Tang He, white river, turbulent river, and other branches, the water flow is concentrated toward the basin in a fan shape, and the area of the river basin is about 2.46 km2. The river basin is a south-north transition zone, the rainfall variation rate is high, the rainfall is concentrated in summer, the annual distribution is very uneven, the full-scale is very different, and the river basin is a low-value area of the Han river runoff. The population is large in the area of the current, the population density is large, the water consumption of the current is up to 358.3 people/km 2, and the average water consumption of the current is less than 30 percent of the average water consumption of the current in the whole country, and the current belongs to water-deficient areas. The self-cleaning capability of the water body is reduced by living and production water taking in the river basin, and the water pollution situation of the Tang-white river basin is further aggravated by the discharge of industrial wastewater and urban domestic sewage. Wherein, the pollution of the white river, tang He and the turbulent river is serious, the most serious river section is the section downstream of the urban area of the south yang city of the white river, the section downstream of the urban area of the county of the turbulent river and the section downstream of the urban area of Tang He county of Tang He, and the water quality of the river in part of months is below V-class water.
Parameter calibration and model verification
And selecting three performance indexes of deviation percentage PBIAS, correlation coefficient R2 and Nash efficiency coefficient Ens to perform simulation adaptability evaluation. It is generally considered that the simulation results can be considered satisfactory when the PBIAS value is within ±25%, R2>0.60, ens > 0.50. PBIAS is used as a performance index for evaluating the simulation effect of the water consumption and the water source utilization of the industry, and R2 and Ens are used as performance indexes for evaluating the simulation effect of the river runoff.
The comparison result of the simulated runoff process and the actual runoff process of the model is shown in table 5 and fig. 4 through the adjustment of the main hydrologic parameters such as the runoff curve number CN2, the evaporation compensation coefficient ESCO and the like. In the calibration period (1995-2005), the correlation coefficient between the Guo Tan station month runoff simulation value and the actual measurement value is 0.738, and the Nash efficiency coefficient is 0.713; in the verification period (2006-2016), the correlation coefficient between the Guo Tan month runoff simulation value and the measured value is 0.641, and the Nash efficiency coefficient is 0.607. It can be seen that the runoff simulation value of the Tang-white river basin has good fitting degree with the flow process line of the actual measurement value, and the simulation precision of the model reaches the required value. And on the basis of reasonable hydrologic process simulation, performing simulation verification of total phosphorus. The adjusted parameters are the conversion rate of organic nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen BC3, the conversion rate of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen BC1, and the like. The limited water quality monitoring data of water quality measuring stations 2010-2016 in Tang-Bai river basin are verified, and the result is shown in figure 5. It can be seen that the water quality simulation value and the measured value of the Tang-Bai river basin have good fitting degree, and basically can reflect the change process of the water quality concentration of the river basin.
Multi-water source quality-divided water supply simulation effect evaluation
The improved SWAT model has the multi-water source dual water supply simulation function, and is used for intuitively displaying the characteristics of the SWAT model in the aspect of water supply simulation, the simulation is carried out by respectively adopting two conditions of not considering dual water supply and considering dual water supply, and the water consumption results of the water sources and the water consumption results of the urban built-up area are compared and analyzed. Typical water deficient cities such as Nanyang city, zaoyang city, tang He county and the like exist in Tang-Bai river basin, water supply sources comprise reservoirs, river channels, underground aquifers and externally-regulated water (from Danjiangkou reservoirs), and water supply sequences are different. Taking the example of the year 2016 with the withered year, the simulation results of two cases of not considering the split water supply and considering the split water supply are shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7, respectively.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the total amount of water for urban built-up areas, irrespective of the split water supply, is 7.83 Mm 3 Wherein the highest groundwater supply (5.53 hundred million m) 3 ) Accounting for 70.68 percent of the total water; the water supply of the river channel is 1.54 hundred million m 3 19.73% of the total water; reservoir water supply of 0.720 hundred million m 3 Only 9.20% of the total water is occupied; minimum water supply (305.24 ten thousand m) 3 ) Accounting for 0.39 percent of the total water. In practice, the surface runoff of the Tang and Bai river basin is smaller, the water intake of the river channel is smaller, and the urban surface water source is mainly reservoir water supply. Therefore, the simulation result without considering the situation of the quality-divided water supply has a certain gap from the actual situation. FIG. 7 shows a total amount of water for urban built-up areas of 7.71 hundred million m taking into account the situation of split water supply 3 WhereinThe highest groundwater supply (5.96 hundred million m) 3 ) 77.32% of the total water; secondly, supplying water to the reservoir (1.06 hundred million m) 3 ) 13.76% of the total water; river water supply of 0.61 hundred million m 3 Only 7.95% of the total water is occupied; minimum water supply (740.63 ten thousand m) 3 ) Accounting for 0.96 percent of the total water. It can be seen that the simulation results taking into account the split water supply better reflect the actual water usage of the urban built-up area than the simulation results taking into account the split water supply. The improved SWAT model can flexibly select the water source according to the water quantity and water quality conditions of the water source, accords with the actual water supply condition of China, and is more suitable for urban areas.
TABLE 1
Wherein a code of 0 indicates no water supply.
TABLE 2
Wherein a code of 0 indicates no water supply.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Wherein if no water is supplied, the upper concentration limit is set to a non-positive number.
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Sequence number | Parameter name | Data type | Description of the application | Content |
| 1 | Q(1) | Real form | Minimum ecological flow of river channel No. 1 | Water intake restriction |
| 2 | Q(2) | Real form | Minimum ecological flow of No. 2 river | Water intake restriction |
| : | : | : | : | : |
| sub | Q(sub) | Real form | Minimum ecological flow of sub river channel | Water intake restriction |
| 1 | G(1) | Real form | Groundwater limiting water level of aquifer No. 1 | Water intake restriction |
| 2 | G(2) | Real form | Groundwater limiting water level of No. 2 aquifer | Water intake restriction |
| : | : | : | : | : |
| sub | G(sub) | Real form | Groundwater limiting water level of the No. sub aquifer | Water intake restriction |
TABLE 5
In summary, the application has the following advantages:
aiming at the defects that the traditional distributed hydrologic model does not consider the mode of multi-water source combined water supply such as river channels, reservoirs, underground water, exogenous water and the like, and the influence of water quality change of the water source on water taken by human beings and the like when the water source is taken, the application improves the traditional distributed hydrologic model, and adds a multi-water source quality-divided water supply module into the traditional distributed hydrologic model, so that the improved distributed hydrologic model can simulate water supply of a built-in area of a city according to the water supply sequence and the water quality condition of a water supply source, the obtained water supply simulation result can reflect the actual water supply condition of the built-in area of the city more, and provides technical support for exploring the water supply condition of the city water source, adjusting the water supply strategy, improving the city water supply guarantee rate and guaranteeing the city water supply safety.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present application have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present application and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present application to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the application.
Claims (10)
1. A distributed hydrological model based on urban built-up areas, comprising:
the water source basic information reading module is used for reading the water supply source, the water supply sequence of the water supply source, the water quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition of the current hydrologic simulation unit;
a multi-water source dual water supply module, the multi-water source dual water supply module comprising: the urban built-up area recognition unit, the water source water quality condition recognition unit, the water intake limiting condition recognition unit and the water source water intake calculation unit;
the urban built-up area identification unit is used for determining the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit;
the water source water quality condition identification unit is used for determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake according to the water supply sequence of the current water supply source when the water quality of the current water supply source can not meet the water quality requirement of water intake;
the water taking limiting condition identification unit is used for determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source meets the water taking limiting condition when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source can meet the water taking limiting condition according to the water supply sequence of the current water supply source when the water quality of the current water supply source can not meet the water taking limiting condition; the water taking limiting conditions comprise minimum ecological flow of a river channel and minimum water level of underground water exploitation;
the water source water taking calculation unit is used for calculating the water supply quantity of the current water supply source when the current water supply source meets the water taking quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition.
2. The urban-based built-on-area distributed hydrological model according to claim 1, characterized in that the types of water supply sources include riverways, reservoirs, underground aquifers, ponds and off-river water sources.
3. The urban built-on-area based distributed hydrological model according to claim 1, characterized in that the urban built-on-area identification unit is further adapted to end the water supply simulation of the current hydrological simulation unit and to select the next hydrological simulation unit as the current hydrological simulation unit when the land use type of the hydrological simulation unit is not urban land.
4. The urban built-on-area-based distributed hydrological model according to claim 1, wherein the water source intake calculation unit is configured to determine an available water amount of the current water supply source and a water demand of the current hydrological simulation unit, and compare the available water amount with the water demand, determine the water demand as the water supply amount of the current water supply source when the available water amount is greater than the water demand, and determine the available water amount as the water supply amount of the current water supply source when the available water amount is less than the water demand.
5. The urban built-on-area-based distributed hydrological model according to claim 1, wherein the water source water intake calculation unit is further configured to determine that a next water supply source is a current water supply source according to the water supply sequencing of the water supply sources when the available water amount is smaller than the water demand, and jump to a step of comparing the available water amount with the water demand by taking the water demand which is not satisfied as the current water demand.
6. The urban built-on-area-based distributed hydrological model according to claim 1, wherein the water source quality condition recognition unit is for determining the quality of the current water supply source according to the daily pollution load of the current water supply source and the daily water quantity of the current water supply source.
7. The urban built-up area-based distributed hydrological model according to claim 6, wherein the water source water quality condition recognition unit is configured to determine the water quality of the current water supply source according to a water quality concentration calculation formula as follows:
con＝Load×1000/Wt
where con represents the water quality concentration of the current water supply source, load represents the daily pollution Load of the current water supply source, and Wt represents the daily water quantity of the current water supply source.
8. A method for constructing a distributed hydrological model based on an urban built-up area, comprising the steps of:
step 1: adding a water source basic information reading code into a main program of a distributed hydrological model, wherein the water source basic information reading code is used for reading a water supply source of a hydrological simulation unit, a water supply sequence of the water supply source, a water taking quality requirement and a water taking limiting condition when the model is started;
step 2: in a sub-basin module of a distributed hydrological model, adding a multi-water source dual water supply code for:
determining the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit;
when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake, and when the water quality of the current water supply source cannot meet the water quality requirement of water intake, taking the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply sources, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quality of the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement of water intake;
when the land utilization type of the hydrologic simulation unit is urban land, determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source meets the water taking limiting condition, and when the water quality of the current water supply source cannot meet the water taking limiting condition, taking the next water supply source as the current water supply source according to the water supply sequence of the water supply source, and jumping to the step of determining whether the water quantity of the current water supply source can meet the water taking limiting condition; the water taking limiting conditions comprise minimum ecological flow of a river channel and minimum water level of underground water exploitation;
and calculating the water supply quantity of the current water supply source when the current water supply source meets the water quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition.
9. The method for constructing a urban built-up area-based distributed hydrological model according to claim 8, characterized in that:
creating an engineering folder by using Visual Studio software, and importing modified hydrological model source codes.
10. A water supply simulation method based on a distributed hydrological model of an urban built-up area is characterized in that,
the water supply source, the water supply sequence of the water supply source, the water taking quality requirement and the water taking limiting condition of the hydrologic simulation units are input into the distributed hydrologic model of claim 1, and the water supply simulation is carried out on each hydrologic simulation unit.
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