CN116663127B - Method for selecting sectional support height in soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type - Google Patents
Method for selecting sectional support height in soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering foundation pit support, in particular to a method for selecting sectional support heights in a soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type, wherein the depth of a foundation pit is determined according to engineering practice, and n different soil nailing wall sectional support heights are selected; respectively calculating to obtain a corresponding soil nailing wall integral stable safety coefficient and a pile anchor integral stable safety coefficient; the method comprises the steps of calculating to obtain n comprehensive safety coefficients, construction periods and construction costs which correspond to the soil nailing wall segmented support heights respectively, carrying out dimensionless treatment on the comprehensive safety coefficients, the construction periods and the construction costs respectively, and calculating to obtain corresponding comprehensive coefficients for the n different soil nailing wall segmented support heights respectively, wherein the soil nailing wall segmented support height corresponding to the maximum comprehensive coefficient is the optimal soil nailing wall segmented support height; the technical scheme can comprehensively exert the advantages of construction period, cost and safety of the soil nailing wall and the pile anchors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering foundation pit support, in particular to a method for selecting a sectional support height in a soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type.
Background
In the field of foundation pit support at present, two types of support which are relatively commonly used are: (1) soil nailing wall; (2) The guard piles are supported by anchor cables (rods), namely pile anchor supports.
Soil nailing wall is a soil in situ reinforcement technology. The support technology is that soil nails or anchor cables (rods) made of reinforced steel bars are inserted into a rock-soil body, a rod body and surrounding soil bodies are firmly bonded through grouting to form a composite body, and then a reinforced steel mesh and a sprayed concrete surface layer are paved on the surface of a side slope. The soil nail wall partially reinforces the rock and soil mass, and simultaneously, the self-stabilization capability of earthwork is utilized very well, and the supporting structure similar to the gravity retaining wall is formed, so that the economical efficiency is higher, and the construction progress is faster.
Pile anchors are an important supporting measure for deep foundation pits, and the foundation pit slope downslide is blocked by utilizing the anchoring force of anchor cables (rods) and the sliding resistance of anti-sliding piles. The pile anchor system mainly comprises guard piles, anchor cables (rods), a surrounding purlin and a crown beam 4, which are mutually connected, mutually influenced and interacted to form an organic whole. The pile anchor system is prestressed through anchor cables (rods) and controls the deformation of the foundation pit within an allowable range. Pile anchor supporting is widely applied in deep foundation pits with complex surrounding environments, but the overall cost is high, and the construction progress is slow.
In order to reduce the supporting cost of the foundation pit while guaranteeing the stability and deformation control of the rock-soil body, a plurality of foundation pits currently adopt a soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite supporting type, namely the soil nailing wall is adopted at the upper part, and the pile anchor composite supporting type is adopted at the lower part. Therefore, the advantages of high pile anchor rigidity and good deformation control can be exerted, the self-stabilization capability of soil bodies can be fully utilized, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction progress is accelerated. However, in a deep foundation pit, if the height of the upper soil nailing wall is too large, the earth excavation amount is increased, the deformation of a rock-soil body cannot be effectively controlled, and the safety of the foundation pit is reduced; if the height of the soil nailing wall at the upper part is too low, the construction cost of the support is increased, and the construction period of the support is increased, so that the reasonable selection of the heights of the supports in the soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type is an important problem to be solved in the foundation pit engineering support design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a method for selecting the sectional support height in a soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for selecting sectional support height in soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type comprises the following steps:
step one: according to engineering actual determination of foundation pit depth H, selecting n non-pitSame soil nailing wall sectional support heightN is a positive integer; the pile anchor section supporting height is +.>；
Step two: i different working conditions exist in the sectional support height of each soil nailing wall, and i is more than or equal to 0; aiming at each soil nailing wall sectional support height, the soil nailing wall stability safety coefficients of i different working conditions are calculated respectively，
Aiming at the m-th soil nailing wall sectional support height, m is E [1, n ]]Ordering the soil nailing wall stabilizing safety coefficients of corresponding i different working conditions according to the values, and marking the soil nailing wall stabilizing safety coefficient with the smallest value as the soil nailing wall integral stabilizing safety coefficient of the m-th soil nailing wall sectional support height，
The soil nailing wall with n different soil nailing wall sectional support heights respectively corresponding to the soil nailing wall integral stability safety coefficientThe method comprises the following steps:
step three: aiming at the n different soil nailing wall sectional support heights selected in the step one, respectively calculating to obtain the integral stable safety coefficient of the pile anchor，
Step four: by calculationCalculating the comprehensive safety coefficients corresponding to the n different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights respectively:
sequencing the n comprehensive safety coefficients according to the numerical value, and recording the comprehensive safety coefficient with the largest numerical value as the largest safety coefficientThe comprehensive safety coefficient with the smallest value is recorded as the minimum safety coefficient +.>By the formula->And carrying out dimensionless treatment on the n comprehensive safety coefficients respectively to obtain:
step five: aiming at the n different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights selected in the step one, respectively calculating the corresponding construction periodAnd construction cost->
Sequencing the n construction periods according to the numerical value, and recording the construction period with the largest numerical value as the largest construction periodThe construction period with the smallest value is marked as the minimum construction period +.>By calculationCarrying out dimensionless treatment on n construction periods respectively to obtain:
sequencing the n construction costs according to the numerical values, and recording the construction cost with the largest numerical value as the largest construction costThe construction cost with the smallest value is recorded as the minimum construction cost +.>By calculationAnd carrying out dimensionless treatment on the n construction costs respectively to obtain:
step six: according to engineering practice, the ratio of the comprehensive safety coefficient, the construction period and the construction cost is assigned A, B, C, and A+B+C=1, through calculation
Respectively calculating corresponding comprehensive coefficients aiming at n different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights，
Sequencing the n comprehensive coefficients according to the magnitude of the numerical value, and recording the comprehensive coefficient with the largest numerical value as the largest comprehensive coefficientMaximum integration factor->The corresponding soil nailing wall sectional support height is the optimal soil nailing wall sectional support height.
Further, in the second step, the soil nailing wall is wholly stable in safety coefficientAnd pile anchor overall stability safety factor->The calculation mode is that the calculation is carried out through the design software of the supporting structure of the pit, and before the software runs and calculates, basic information, soil layer information, supporting information and surface layer parameters are required to be input into the software.
Further, the basic information in the second step comprises a safety grade, a slope angle parameter, a support pile parameter, a crown Liang Canshu and an overload parameter; the soil layer information comprises soil layer parameters and underground water level parameters; the anchorage information comprises soil nail parameters and anchor cable parameters.
Further, in the fourth step, the construction periodAnd construction cost->Is calculated as
wherein ,is the total length of the k-th layer soil nail, and the unit is m; />The total length of the anchor cable of the e layer is m; />The total engineering quantity of the support pile is m; />Is the total excavation amount of earthwork, and the unit is +.>；/>Is the total engineering quantity of the crown beam, and the unit is m; />The curing age of the soil nails is d; />The curing age of the anchor cable is d; />The maintenance age of the support pile is d; />The curing age of the crown beam is d; />The soil nail construction efficiency is that the unit is m/d; />The anchor cable construction efficiency is that the unit is m/d; />The construction efficiency of the support pile is expressed in m/d; />The crown beam construction efficiency is that the unit is m/d;is the earth construction efficiency, the unit is +.>，/>The construction cost of the soil nails is shown in units of yuan/m; />The anchor cable construction cost is given in units of yuan/m; />The construction cost of the support pile is expressed in yuan/m; />The construction cost of the crown beam is shown in the unit of yuan/m; />Is the construction cost of earthwork, the unit is Yuan ∈Ten>；k∈[1,s]S is the total layer number of the soil nails, and k and s are positive integers; e [1, r ]]R is the total layer number of the anchor cable, and e and r are positive integers.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the technical scheme, the factors of the safety coefficient, the construction period and the construction cost are comprehensively considered, the actual situation of foundation pit supporting engineering is met, and the obtained optimal sectional height can comprehensively exert the advantages of the construction period, the cost and the safety of the soil nailing wall and the pile anchors.
(2) The technical scheme provides effective theoretical support for parameter selection of a composite support type of soil nailing wall and pile anchors for the foundation pit, and makes up for the defect of relevant regulations in the current technical specifications.
(3) According to the technical scheme, in the design of the foundation pit soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support, different types of support types are subjected to unified treatment according to the same type of indexes, so that the defect that in the prior art, the different support types cannot be quantitatively analyzed and evaluated due to huge differences in the aspects of safety, support construction period, support cost, earthwork excavation and the like is effectively overcome.
(4) According to the technical scheme, index calculation values in the aspects of safety coefficient, construction period, construction cost and the like are subjected to dimensionless treatment in the interval of 0-1, a specific treatment principle and a specific treatment method are provided, and the defect that different index parameters are difficult to compare and evaluate due to inconsistent units in the current specifications can be effectively overcome.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of soil nailing wall segment supporting height and pile anchor segment supporting height in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a left half view of an input pile anchor segment support parameter interface in software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a right half view (one) of the pile anchor segment support parameter interface entered in software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a right half view (II) of the pile anchor segment support parameter interface entered in software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a right half view (III) of the pile anchor segment support parameter interface entered in software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a left half view of an interface for inputting soil nailing wall segment support parameters in software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a right half view (one) of an interface for inputting soil nailing wall segment support parameters in software according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a right half view (II) of the soil nailing wall segment support parameter interface input in software according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a right half view (III) of an interface for inputting soil nailing wall segment support parameters in software according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 11 is a right half view (IV) of an interface for inputting soil nailing wall segment support parameters in software according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 12 is a design construction diagram of the soil nailing wall segment supporting height of 0m in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 13 is a design construction diagram of the soil nailing wall segment supporting height of 3m in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 14 is a design construction diagram of the soil nailing wall segment supporting height of 5m according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a design construction diagram of the soil nailing wall segment supporting height of 7m according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a design construction drawing of the soil nailing wall segment supporting height of 10m in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a design construction diagram of the soil nailing wall segment supporting height of 12m in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 18 is a design construction diagram of the soil nailing wall segment supporting height of 15m according to the embodiment of the present invention.
BG-1: elevation of the ground; BG-2: elevation of pile tops; BG-3: pit bottom elevation; BG-4: elevation of the pile bottom;
ZH-1: soil nailing wall support; ZH-2: supporting the pile anchors; ZH-3: supporting piles;
TD: soil nails; MS: an anchor cable;
TD1, TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6 are the numbers of the soil nails, for example: "TD1" means layer 1 soil nails;
MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4, MS5 are the numbering of the anchor lines, for example: "MS1" means layer 1 cable;
"MS1:22m@1.6m "": "represents the specific technical parameters of the anchor cable, 22m represents the length of the anchor cable, and @1.6m represents the horizontal spacing of the anchor cable;
"TD1: 3m@1.6m": "indicates the specific technical parameters of the soil nail, wherein" 3m "indicates the length of the soil nail, and" @1.6m "indicates the horizontal spacing of the soil nail.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
1. Engineering overview
The plane size of a foundation pit engineering is 9.6x9.6m, the excavation depth is 15.0m, the working face width is 1.0m, and the security level of the supporting structure is one level. The land is designed to be flat, and the land shape is of the mountain front alluvial plain. Groundwater belongs to fourth system pore diving, and is mainly applied to each layer of sandy soil and pebbles below the layer (5), and the average burial depth of the stable water level is 7.0m.
According to the drilling disclosure, in combination with geotechnical test results, the site strata in the depth range of investigation mainly comprise: mixed filling soil (Q) 4 ml ) Silt (Q) 4 al+pl ) Powdery clay (Q) 4 al+pl ) Fine sand (Q) 4 al+pl ) Clay (Q) 4 al+pl ) And the like, and parameters of each soil layer are shown in the table.
The design adopts the soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type, the pile diameter is 800mm, the distance is 1.6m, the size of the crown beam is 1000X 800mm, and the soil nailing wall is formed by the steps of: and 0.4 slope setting.
2. Comprehensive safety coefficient calculation
In order to comprehensively compare the influences of different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights on safety, construction period and construction cost, the soil nailing wall segment supporting heights are respectively selected to be 0m, 3m, 5m, 7m, 10m, 12m and 15m, and a calculation model is built. For controlling the deformation of the foundation pit, when the depth of the soil nailing wall is 10m, 12m and 15m, a composite soil nailing wall supporting type containing anchor ropes is adopted, and for obvious comparison effect, the embedding depth of the supporting piles and the spacing between the soil nails and the anchor ropes are kept consistent under the condition of different sectional heights.
Input in the pit support structure design software PB 7.0: basic information (safety level, slope angle, supporting piles, crown beams, overload parameters), soil layer information (soil layer parameters, groundwater level), supporting anchor information (soil nails and anchor cable parameters), and other information (surface layer parameters), as shown in fig. 3-11.
Respectively calculating the integral stable safety coefficient of the ith different working conditions under different soil nailing wall sectional support heights through softwareSorting the i soil nailing wall stability safety coefficients according to the numerical values, and marking the soil nailing wall stability safety coefficient with the smallest numerical value as the soil nailing wall integral stability safety coefficient of the m soil nailing wall sectional support height +.>The soil nailing wall with n different soil nailing wall sectional support heights corresponding to the soil nailing wall integral stability safety coefficient +.>The method comprises the following steps:
。
respectively calculating pile-anchor integral stability safety coefficients with different soil nailing wall sectional support heights through software。
By calculationAnd calculating to obtain the comprehensive safety coefficients corresponding to the 7 different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights respectively.
Sequencing the 7 comprehensive safety coefficients according to the numerical values, and recording the comprehensive safety coefficient with the largest numerical value as the maximum safety coefficient=1.78, the smallest value of the integrated security coefficient is denoted as the smallest security coefficient +.>=1.16 by the formula +.>And carrying out dimensionless treatment on the 7 comprehensive safety coefficients respectively.
The relevant process data are shown in the following table:
3. construction period calculation
In order to ensure the contrast effect, the horizontal, vertical spacing and length of the soil nails or the anchor rods should be consistent under the condition of different sectional heights, but the horizontal, vertical spacing and length settings of the soil nails or the anchor rods are optimized in the text, so that the soil nails or the anchor rods more accord with engineering practice. As shown in fig. 10-16.
Setting the construction efficiency of each drilling machine anchor cable100m/d, soil nail construction efficiency->200m/d, earth excavation efficiency +.>1000m 3 And/d, construction efficiency of the support pile>100m/d, crown beam construction efficiency->30m/d, support pile curing age +.>And the crown Liang Yanghu age->28 days, and the curing age of soil nails is +.>7d, anchor cable maintenance age +.>And 14d, the embedding depth of the support piles is 10m, the soil layering excavation depth is 3m, and the influence of cross construction is not considered. In order to ensure the stability of the foundation pit, the setting quantity of soil nails and anchor cables meets the minimum safety requirements of the strength and deformation of the foundation pit supporting structure.
According to calculation type
Calculating construction period。
Sequencing the 7 construction periods according to the numerical value, and recording the construction period with the largest numerical value as the largest construction period163.28 the construction period with the smallest value is denoted as the minimum construction period +.>= 110.51 by the formula ∈ 110.51>And carrying out dimensionless treatment on the 7 construction periods respectively.
The relevant data are as follows:
4. construction cost calculation
Setting the price of soil nails to be 100 yuan/m, the price of anchor cables to be 200 yuan/m, the price of supporting piles to be 1000 yuan/m, the price of crown beams to be 1200 yuan/m and the earthwork digging and transporting price to be 60 yuan/m 3 。
According to calculation type
Calculating construction costs。
Sequencing the 7 construction costs according to the numerical values, and recording the construction cost with the largest numerical value as the maximum construction costConstruction with minimum value = 1194624The cost is recorded as the minimum construction cost number->= 646297.6 by the formula ∈ 646297.6>And carrying out dimensionless treatment on the 7 construction costs respectively.
The relevant data are as follows:
5. comprehensive coefficient calculation
In view of the complex surrounding environment of the foundation pit, the ratio of the comprehensive safety coefficient of the foundation pit is assigned to A=40%, the construction period and the construction cost respectively occupy the ratio of B=30% and C=30%, and the method is based on the calculation formula
Calculating the comprehensive coefficient。
The relevant data are as follows:
can be obtained from the tableMaximum value of>=0.105, the corresponding soil nailing wall segment support height is 7m, i.e. the optimum value of the foundation pit engineering soil nailing wall segment support height is 7m, which is about 46 of the depth of the foundation pit.7%。
Not explained in detail herein, all are well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A method for selecting sectional support height in soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: according to the actual determination of the depth H of the foundation pit of engineering, selecting n different soil nailing wall sectional support heightsN is a positive integer; the pile anchor section supporting height is +.>；
Step two: i different working conditions exist in the sectional support height of each soil nailing wall, and i is more than or equal to 0; aiming at each soil nailing wall sectional support height, the soil nailing wall stability safety coefficients of i different working conditions are calculated respectively，
Aiming at the m-th soil nailing wall sectional support height, m is E [1, n ]]Ordering the soil nailing wall stabilizing safety coefficients of corresponding i different working conditions according to the values, and marking the soil nailing wall stabilizing safety coefficient with the smallest value as the soil nailing wall integral stabilizing safety coefficient of the m-th soil nailing wall sectional support height，
Then the soil nailing wall segments with n different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights are respectively corresponding to the soil nailing wallBody stability safety factorThe method comprises the following steps:
step three: aiming at the n different soil nailing wall sectional support heights selected in the step one, respectively calculating to obtain the integral stable safety coefficient of the pile anchor，
Step four: by calculationCalculating the comprehensive safety coefficients corresponding to the n different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights respectively: />
Sequencing the n comprehensive safety coefficients according to the numerical value, and recording the comprehensive safety coefficient with the largest numerical value as the largest safety coefficientThe comprehensive safety coefficient with the smallest value is recorded as the minimum safety coefficient +.>By calculationAnd carrying out dimensionless treatment on the n comprehensive safety coefficients respectively to obtain:
step five: aiming at the n different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights selected in the step one, respectively calculating the corresponding construction periodAnd construction cost->
Sequencing the n construction periods according to the numerical value, and recording the construction period with the largest numerical value as the largest construction periodThe construction period with the smallest value is marked as the minimum construction period +.>By calculationCarrying out dimensionless treatment on n construction periods respectively to obtain:
sequencing the n construction costs according to the numerical values, and recording the construction cost with the largest numerical value as the largest construction costNumber of pairsThe construction cost with the smallest value is marked as the minimum construction cost->By calculationAnd carrying out dimensionless treatment on the n construction costs respectively to obtain:
step six: according to engineering practice, the ratio of the comprehensive safety coefficient, the construction period and the construction cost is assigned A, B, C, and A+B+C=1, through calculation
Respectively calculating corresponding comprehensive coefficients aiming at n different soil nailing wall segment supporting heights，
Sequencing the n comprehensive coefficients according to the magnitude of the numerical value, and recording the comprehensive coefficient with the largest numerical value as the largest comprehensive coefficientMaximum integration factor->The corresponding soil nailing wall sectional support height is the optimal soil nailing wall sectional support height.
2. Soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support according to claim 1The method for selecting the sectional support height in the support type is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the second step, the soil nailing wall is wholly stable in safety coefficientAnd pile anchor overall stability safety factor->The calculation mode is that the calculation is carried out through the design software of the supporting structure of the pit, and before the software runs and calculates, basic information, soil layer information, supporting information and surface layer parameters are required to be input into the software.
3. The method for selecting the sectional support height in the soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the basic information in the second step comprises safety grade, slope angle parameters, support pile parameters, crown Liang Canshu and overload parameters; the soil layer information comprises soil layer parameters and underground water level parameters; the anchorage information comprises soil nail parameters and anchor cable parameters.
4. The method for selecting the sectional support height in the soil nailing wall and pile anchor composite support type according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the construction periodAnd construction cost->Is calculated as
wherein ,is the total length of the k-th layer soil nail, and the unit is m; />The total length of the anchor cable of the e layer is m; />The total engineering quantity of the support pile is m; />Is the total excavation amount of earthwork, and the unit is +.>；/>Is the total engineering quantity of the crown beam, and the unit is m;the curing age of the soil nails is d; />The curing age of the anchor cable is d; />The maintenance age of the support pile is d; />The curing age of the crown beam is d; />The soil nail construction efficiency is that the unit is m/d; />The anchor cable construction efficiency is that the unit is m/d; />The construction efficiency of the support pile is expressed in m/d; />The crown beam construction efficiency is that the unit is m/d;is the earth construction efficiency, the unit is +.>，/>The construction cost of the soil nails is shown in units of yuan/m; />The anchor cable construction cost is given in units of yuan/m; />The construction cost of the support pile is expressed in yuan/m; />The construction cost of the crown beam is shown in the unit of yuan/m; />Is the construction cost of earthwork, the unit is Yuan ∈Ten>；k∈[1,s]S is the total layer number of the soil nails, and k and s are positive integers; e [1, r ]]R is the total layer number of the anchor cable, and e and r are positive integers.
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| KR20100110070A (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-12 | 주식회사 대작이앤씨 | Assembling structure removing a soil nail from grouting body by the wedge and method assembling and removing the soil nail from a socket |
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