CN116659116A - Photo-thermal and absorption heat pump coupling operation system and method - Google Patents
Photo-thermal and absorption heat pump coupling operation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116659116A CN116659116A CN202310629183.2A CN202310629183A CN116659116A CN 116659116 A CN116659116 A CN 116659116A CN 202310629183 A CN202310629183 A CN 202310629183A CN 116659116 A CN116659116 A CN 116659116A
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 29
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
- F25B27/005—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/50—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters incorporating thermal de-aeration of feed-water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of absorption heat pumps, in particular to a system and a method for operating coupling of photo-thermal and absorption heat pumps, which can realize cogeneration without consuming any fossil energy by arranging a photo-thermal heat collecting device, a heat storage device and a steam generating device; the absorption heat pump is arranged in the ground source heat collecting device so as to absorb the ground source heat by utilizing the absorption heat pump, thereby realizing the flexible operation of the coal-fired power generation unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of absorption heat pumps, in particular to an operation system and an operation method for coupling photo-thermal and absorption heat pumps.
Background
Grid frequency is an important power quality index, and frequency fluctuation reflects dynamic unbalance between active power output of a grid-connected unit and active loads of a grid. The coal-fired generating set not only bears basic load, but also bears the frequency modulation task of the power grid.
Therefore, a technical scheme capable of solving the flexible operation and deep frequency modulation of the coal-fired power generation unit is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a system and a method for operating coupling of photo-thermal and absorption heat pump, which can utilize the absorption heat pump to absorb ground source heat and utilize solar energy to realize cogeneration, thereby realizing the flexible operation of a coal-fired power generation unit.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an operation system coupled between photo-thermal and absorption heat pump, including a photo-thermal heat collecting device, a heat storage device, a steam generating device, a turbine, a surface condenser, an evaporator, a hot end user, a ground source heat collecting device, a condensed water heat absorbing device, and a deaerator, where the ground source heat collecting device is provided with an absorption heat pump, and in which:
the solar heat collecting device is used for converting solar energy into heat energy, the heat storage device is used for storing the heat energy converted by the solar heat collecting device, and the steam generating device is used for generating superheated steam by utilizing the heat energy stored by the heat storage device so as to provide the superheated steam for the turbine to generate electricity;
the turbine is respectively connected with the surface condenser and the evaporator, exhaust steam of the turbine is respectively led into the surface condenser and the evaporator, the surface condenser is respectively connected with the ground source heat collecting device and the condensed water heat absorbing device, condensed water generated by the surface condenser is recycled by utilizing the heat absorption of the ground source heat collecting device and the condensed water heat absorbing device, the evaporator is respectively connected with the hot end user and the steam generating device, heat of exhaust steam in the evaporator is used for being provided for the hot end user, and condensed water generated by the evaporator flows into the steam generating device and is recycled by utilizing the heat absorption of the heat storage device;
the ground source heat collector is used for absorbing ground source heat by the absorption heat pump, the condensed water heat absorber is connected with the turbine, the condensed water heat absorber is used for absorbing heat by utilizing the steam extraction of the turbine, the deaerator is respectively connected with the ground source heat collector and the condensed water heat absorber, and hot water discharged by the ground source heat collector and the condensed water heat absorber is discharged into the deaerator for recycling.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for operating coupling between photo-thermal and absorption heat pump, where the flexible operating system of the above embodiment is adopted, and the method includes:
when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is larger than a preset ratio, controlling the condensate pump, the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve and the absorption heat pump to be in a variable-frequency running state;
when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is not larger than the preset ratio, the condensate pump is controlled to be in a power frequency running state, and the first pneumatic adjusting valve, the second pneumatic adjusting valve and the absorption heat pump are controlled to be in a variable frequency running state.
The embodiment of the invention provides a system and a method for operating coupling of photo-thermal and absorption heat pumps, which can realize cogeneration without consuming any fossil energy by arranging a photo-thermal heat collecting device, a heat storage device and a steam generating device; the absorption heat pump is arranged in the ground source heat collecting device so as to absorb the ground source heat by utilizing the absorption heat pump, thereby realizing the flexible operation of the coal-fired power generation unit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible operation system of a coal-fired power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10-a photo-thermal heat collection device; 20-a heat storage device; 30-a steam generating device; 40-an evaporator; 50-hot end user;
1-turbine; 6-deaerator; 7-a liquid level sensor;
31-a surface condenser; 32-a condensate pump; 33-a first pneumatic control valve; 34-a low pressure heater; 35-a first switching valve; 36-a flow sensor; 37-pressure sensor;
41-a second pneumatic control valve; 42-geothermal heat exchanger; 43-a second switching valve; 44-a temperature sensor; 51-burying a pipe; 52-absorption heat pump.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an operation system of coupling photo-thermal and absorption heat pump, the system includes a photo-thermal heat collecting device 10, a heat storage device 20, a steam generating device 30, a turbine 1, a surface condenser 31, an evaporator 40, a hot end user 50, a ground source heat collecting device, a condensed water heat absorbing device and a deaerator 6, the ground source heat collecting device is provided with an absorption heat pump 52, wherein:
the solar heat collecting device 10, the heat storage device 20, the steam generating device 30 and the turbine 1 are connected in sequence, the solar heat collecting device 10 is used for converting solar energy into heat energy, the heat storage device 20 is used for storing the heat energy converted by the solar heat collecting device 10, and the steam generating device 30 is used for generating superheated steam by utilizing the heat energy stored by the heat storage device 20 so as to provide the superheated steam for the turbine 1 to generate electricity;
the turbine 1 is respectively connected with the surface condenser 31 and the evaporator 40, exhaust steam of the turbine 1 is respectively led into the surface condenser 31 and the evaporator 40, the surface condenser 31 is respectively connected with the ground source heat collecting device and the condensed water heat absorbing device, condensed water generated by the surface condenser 31 is repeatedly utilized by utilizing the heat absorption of the ground source heat collecting device and the condensed water heat absorbing device, the evaporator 40 is respectively connected with the hot end user 50 and the steam generating device 30, heat of the exhaust steam in the evaporator 40 is used for being provided for the hot end user 50, and the condensed water generated by the evaporator 40 flows into the steam generating device 30 and is repeatedly utilized by utilizing the heat absorption of the heat storage device 20;
the ground source heat collector is used for absorbing ground source heat by utilizing the absorption heat pump 52, the condensed water heat absorber is connected with the turbine 1, the condensed water heat absorber is used for absorbing heat by utilizing the steam extraction of the turbine 1, the deaerator 6 is respectively connected with the ground source heat collector and the condensed water heat absorber, and hot water discharged by the ground source heat collector and the condensed water heat absorber is discharged into the deaerator 6 for recycling.
In the present embodiment, by providing the photo-thermal heat collecting device 10, the heat storage device 20, and the steam generating device 30, cogeneration can be realized without consuming any fossil energy; by arranging the absorption heat pump 52 in the ground source heat collecting device, the ground source heat is absorbed by the absorption heat pump 52, so that the flexible operation of the coal-fired power generation unit is realized.
In some embodiments, the photo-thermal heat collection device 10 may include a heliostat field and a heat absorber disposed within the heliostat field, as is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described herein.
In some embodiments, the heat storage device 20 may include a heat storage medium, a high temperature molten salt tank, a low temperature molten salt tank, a high temperature molten salt pump and a low temperature molten salt pump, where the low temperature heat storage medium is conveyed to the heat absorber through the low temperature molten salt pump, the heat storage medium absorbs heat in the heat absorber to become high temperature molten salt and then enters the high temperature molten salt tank to store, so as to complete the heat absorption process of the molten salt, the high temperature heat storage medium is conveyed from the high temperature molten salt tank to the steam generating system by the high temperature molten salt pump to exchange heat, after exchanging heat with steam and water, the temperature of the heat storage medium is reduced to become low temperature heat storage medium and enters the low temperature molten salt tank to store, so as to complete the heat release process of the molten salt, and further complete the heat release process of the molten salt system, which is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated herein.
In some embodiments, the heat storage medium is a binary molten salt, in particular 40% kno 3 +60％NaNO 3 。
In some embodiments, the steam generating device 30 includes a preheater, a third evaporator, a reheater, a superheater, and a drum, and the high temperature heat storage medium exchanges heat with feedwater to produce superheated steam and reheat steam that meet the operating requirements of the turbine 1, as is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail herein.
As described in the background art, when the active output of the grid-connected unit is greater than the active load of the grid, the frequency of the grid will increase, and conversely, the frequency of the grid will decrease. The power grid frequency deviates from the rated value or is high or low, the rotating speed of the motor deviates from the designed value, so that the quality of industrial products is reduced, the accuracy of electronic instruments and control equipment is reduced due to fluctuation of the power supply frequency, and the safety problems such as blade vibration and the like can be possibly caused by the frequency-deviation operation of power equipment such as turbines and the like. Meanwhile, auxiliary equipment such as a water feeding pump, a coal mill, a fan and the like of a power plant can reduce the output when the frequency of a power grid is reduced, so that the generated output of a unit is reduced, the frequency of the power grid is further reduced, the power grid is continuously reduced, and accidents such as power grid breakdown, large-area power failure and the like are caused when the power grid is serious. Therefore, maintaining grid frequency stability is an important task for grid source side load frequency control of power systems.
The coal-fired generating set control object has the characteristics of large inertia and large delay, so that the rate of change of the set in response to an external instruction becomes slow, and the control difficulty is greatly increased. As the requirements of the power grid on the variable load capacity of the coal-fired power generator set are more severe, the traditional coordination control system has difficulty in meeting the requirements. The condensation water throttling can rapidly and effectively lift the load by utilizing the energy storage of the unit, so that the variable load rate of the unit can be improved, the energy storage inside the unit can be reasonably distributed, but the problems that the water level of the surface condenser and the deaerator is greatly influenced, the throttling time is limited and the like exist in the adjusting process.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention provides an operation system for coupling photo-thermal and absorption heat pump, and the condensed water heat absorbing device includes a condensed water pump 32, a first pneumatic adjusting valve 33, a plurality of low pressure heaters 34 and a first switch valve 35 which are sequentially connected, the condensed water pump 32 is connected with a surface condenser 31, the plurality of low pressure heaters 34 are all connected with a turbine 1 through a steam extraction pipeline, and the first switch valve 35 is connected with a deaerator 6;
the ground source heat collection device comprises a second pneumatic control valve 41, a geothermal heat exchanger 42 and a second switch valve 43 which are sequentially connected, and the second switch valve 43 is connected with the deaerator 6;
the geothermal heat exchanger 42 is connected with a buried pipe 51 and an absorption heat pump 52;
when the coal-fired power generation unit is subjected to frequency modulation, the liquid level stability of the surface condenser 31 and the deaerator 6 is ensured by controlling the condensate pump 32, the first pneumatic adjusting valve 33, the second pneumatic adjusting valve 41 and the absorption heat pump 52.
In this embodiment, the absorption heat pump 52 is utilized to reasonably utilize geothermal energy, so that the energy efficiency of the coal-fired generator set can be improved, and the liquid level stability of the surface condenser 31 and the deaerator 6 can be ensured, so that the duration time of throttling and frequency modulation of the condensed water is improved. Specifically, the condensation water flowing out of the condensation water pump 32 is regulated by the first pneumatic regulating valve 33, enters the deaerator 6 through the plurality of low-pressure heaters 34, is regulated by the second pneumatic regulating valve 41, enters the deaerator 6 after passing through the geothermal heat exchanger 42, and absorbs heat of turbine low-pressure steam extraction and hot water in the absorption heat pump respectively, so that the temperature of the condensation water entering the deaerator 6 is ensured, and the liquid level stability of the surface condenser 31 and the deaerator 6 is ensured. The absorption heat pump is applied to the coal-fired power generation unit, and simultaneously, the geothermal energy and the low-pressure heater are configured to participate in frequency modulation, so that the frequency modulation capability of the unit is improved.
After the scheme of the embodiment of the invention is applied, the main regulating valve of the turbine 1 can not be in a micro-throttling state, so that the running economy of the unit can be effectively improved.
In one embodiment of the invention, a flow sensor 36 and a pressure sensor 37 are arranged on a pipeline between the condensate pump 32 and the first pneumatic control valve 33, a temperature sensor 44 is arranged on a pipeline between the geothermal heat exchanger 42 and the second switch valve 43, and a liquid level sensor 7 is arranged on the deaerator 6;
when the condensate pump 32 is in a variable frequency state, the condensate pump 32 is regulated based on the water level set value of the deaerator 6, the measured value of the liquid level sensor 7, the unit feedwater flow measured value and the measured value of the flow sensor 36;
the first pneumatic control valve 33 is controlled based on the unit frequency difference measurement, the unit power setpoint and the unit actual power measurement;
the second pneumatic adjusting valve 41 is adjusted based on the water level set value of the deaerator 6, the measured value of the liquid level sensor 7, the unit feedwater flow measured value, the measured value of the flow sensor 36 when the measured value of the pressure sensor 37 is smaller than the pressure set value, or when the measured value of the pressure sensor 37 is not smaller than the pressure set value and the condensate pump 32 is in the power frequency state;
when the measured value of the pressure sensor 37 is not less than the pressure set value and the condensate pump 32 is in the variable frequency state, the second pneumatic adjustment valve 41 is adjusted based on the valve opening of the first pneumatic adjustment valve 33;
the absorption heat pump 52 is adjusted based on the temperature set point of the condensate water and the measured value of the temperature sensor 44.
In this embodiment, through setting up above-mentioned frequency conversion regulation mode, can guarantee that coal-fired generating set adopts condensate throttling to carry out the liquid level stability of surface condenser 31 and deaerator 6 when the primary frequency modulation mode, effectively utilize geothermal energy, promote condensate throttling frequency modulation's duration, promote unit operation economic nature simultaneously.
Specifically, when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is greater than a preset ratio, the condensate pump 32, the first pneumatic control valve 33, the second pneumatic control valve 41 and the absorption heat pump 52 are controlled to be in a variable frequency running state;
when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is not greater than the preset ratio, the condensate pump 32 is controlled to be in a power frequency operation state, and the first pneumatic control valve 33, the second pneumatic control valve 41 and the absorption heat pump 52 are controlled to be in a variable frequency operation state.
The variable frequency operation state is the respective adjustment states of the condensate pump 32, the first pneumatic adjustment valve 33, the second pneumatic adjustment valve 41, and the absorption heat pump 52.
In some embodiments, the preset ratio may be any value from 50% to 60%, which is not particularly limited herein.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the condensate pump 32 is specifically adjusted when the condensate pump 32 is in a variable frequency state by:
judging whether the measured value of the pressure sensor 37 is smaller than the pressure set value, and if so, maintaining the current operating frequency of the condensate pump 32;
if not, the following operations are performed:
summing a water level set value of the deaerator 6 and a first input signal input by an operator into the first PID controller to obtain a water level theoretical value of the deaerator 6;
based on the theoretical water level value of the deaerator 6 and the measured value of the liquid level sensor 7, an outer loop regulating instruction output by the first PID controller is obtained;
subtracting the unit water supply flow measurement value and the filtered measurement value thereof to obtain a differential value of the unit water supply flow change;
summing the measured value after the unit water supply flow measurement is filtered, the differential value of the unit water supply flow change and the outer loop regulating command to obtain an inner loop set value;
the inner loop set point and the measured value of the flow sensor 36 are input to the second PID controller, and a regulation command for the condensate pump 32 is output to regulate the condensate pump 32 using the regulation command.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pressure set point is determined by the following formula:
p＝a 1 ·Q+b 1
wherein p represents a pressure set value and MPa; q is the power value of the unit and MW; a, a 1 And b 1 The method comprises the steps of sequentially presetting a first calculation coefficient and a second calculation coefficient.
In this embodiment, the control function of the condensate pump 32 is divided into two aspects, on one hand, ensuring that the water level of the deaerator 6 is within a reasonable range, and on the other hand, ensuring the unit condensate pressure, thereby ensuring that a part of the system using condensate as a source of the desuperheating water can operate normally.
For example, when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is greater than 60%, the condensate pump 32 adopts variable frequency adjustment, and specifically adjusts the water level of the deaerator 6 through the above-mentioned variable frequency adjustment scheme; when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is not more than 60%, the condensate pump 32 operates at power frequency to ensure the required flow of the unit condensate throttling and heat absorption bypass 4, and the condensate pump 32 does not participate in regulation at this time.
It will be appreciated that the first input signal input by the operator into the first PID controller is effective to facilitate the operator to make a small adjustment to the water level value of the deaerator 6. When the condensate pump 32 is in the power frequency operation mode, the output value of the condensate pump 32 takes a fixed value of 100.
Therefore, the control scheme of the condensate pump 32 can ensure that the water level of the deaerator 6 is stable, thereby ensuring safe and stable operation of the unit condensate water in a throttling and frequency-modulating mode, effectively utilizing the economy of variable frequency operation of the condensate pump, and ensuring that the primary frequency-modulating function of the unit meets the requirements of power grid companies.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first pneumatic control valve 33 is specifically adjusted by:
obtaining a unit power regulating value based on the unit frequency difference measuring value;
summing the unit power regulating value and the unit power set value to obtain a unit power theoretical value;
inputting the set power theoretical value and the set actual power measured value into a PID controller to obtain a first output value;
obtaining a second output value based on the unit frequency difference measurement value and the unit actual power measurement value;
the first output value and the second output value are summed to obtain an adjustment command for the first air-operated adjustment valve 33, so that the adjustment command is used to adjust the first air-operated adjustment valve 33.
In this embodiment, the primary control function of the first pneumatic control valve 33 is to adjust the condensate flow entering the plurality of low-pressure heaters, thereby realizing the change of the steam extraction quantity of the low-pressure cylinder, changing the functional force of the low-pressure cylinder, and realizing the primary frequency modulation function of the unit. Whether the condensate pump 32 is in a power frequency state or a variable frequency regulation state, in the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the main function of the first pneumatic regulating valve 33 is to realize the primary frequency regulation function of the unit through condensate water throttling.
In one embodiment of the present invention, obtaining a unit power adjustment value based on a unit frequency difference measurement value includes:
and obtaining a unit power adjustment value based on the following formula:
wherein delta N is a unit power regulating value and MW; n (N) e Rated load for the unit, MW; delta is the unit speed variation rate,%; n is n e R/min is the rated rotation speed of the unit; Δh z The frequency difference is a measured value of the unit frequency difference, namely Hz;
based on the unit frequency difference measurement value and the unit actual transmission power measurement value, obtaining a second output value comprises the following steps:
the second output value is obtained based on the following formula:
in the formula, v 1 A second output value,%; k is a preset feedforward coefficient; n is a measured value of actual power of the unit, MW; n (N) e Rated load for the unit, MW; a, a 2 And b 2 The third calculation coefficient and the fourth calculation coefficient are preset in sequence; Δh z Is the frequency difference measurement value of the unit, and is Hz.
In this embodiment, after the frequency difference signal of the coal-fired power generation unit is calculated by a function f1 (x) (i.e. a function of a unit power adjustment value), the frequency difference signal is summed with a unit power set value to be used as an input value of a set value input end SP of a PID controller, and the calculation of the function f1 (x) is mainly performed by combining information such as unit rotation speed inequality rate, frequency difference and the like to calculate a power value to be adjusted for primary frequency modulation; after the actual power measurement value (the signal comes from the power generator measurement and control screen) is processed by the filter block leader, the actual power measurement value and the unit frequency difference signal are used as the input value of the function f2 (x) (namely, the function of the second output value), and after the output value calculated by the function f2 (x) is summed with the output value of the PID controller, the sum is used as the control command output value of the execution mechanism of the main condensed water air-conditioning valve 9. The function f2 (x) has the main function of obtaining the reference value feedforward of the regulating instruction of the first pneumatic regulating valve 33 through calculation by the unit actual power measurement value and the unit frequency difference signal so as to ensure the response speed and the control precision of the throttling and frequency modulation of the condensed water of the unit.
In one embodiment of the present invention, when the measured value of the pressure sensor 37 is smaller than the pressure set value, or when the measured value of the pressure sensor 37 is not smaller than the pressure set value and the condensate pump 32 is in the power frequency state, the second pneumatic adjustment valve 41 is specifically adjusted by:
summing a water level set value of the deaerator 6 and a first input signal input by an operator into the first PID controller to obtain a water level theoretical value of the deaerator 6;
based on the theoretical water level value of the deaerator 6 and the measured value of the liquid level sensor 7, an outer loop regulating instruction output by the first PID controller is obtained;
subtracting the unit water supply flow measurement value and the filtered measurement value thereof to obtain a differential value of the unit water supply flow change;
summing the measured value after the unit water supply flow measurement is filtered, the differential value of the unit water supply flow change and the outer loop regulating command to obtain an inner loop set value;
the inner circuit set value and the measured value of the flow sensor 36 are input to the second PID controller, and a regulation command for the second pneumatic regulator valve 41 is output to regulate the second pneumatic regulator valve 41 by the regulation command.
In one embodiment of the present invention, when the measured value of the pressure sensor 37 is not smaller than the pressure set value and the condensate pump 32 is in the variable frequency state, the second pneumatic adjustment valve 41 is specifically adjusted by:
the adjustment instruction of the second pneumatic adjustment valve 41 is obtained by the following formula to adjust the second pneumatic adjustment valve 41 with the adjustment instruction:
in the formula, v 2 As the adjustment instruction of the second pneumatic adjustment valve 41,%; q is the measurement of the flow sensor 36, t/h; v 1i The valve opening of the first pneumatic control valve 33,%; c v1 And c v2 The flow coefficients preset for the first pneumatic control valve 33 and the second pneumatic control valve 41 are sequentially set;
wherein the pressure set point is determined by the following formula:
p＝a 1 ·Q+b 1
wherein p represents a pressure set value and MPa; q is the power value of the unit and MW; a, a 1 And b 1 The method comprises the steps of sequentially presetting a first calculation coefficient and a second calculation coefficient.
In this embodiment, the control function of the second pneumatic control valve 41 mainly ensures that the water level of the deaerator 6 is within a reasonable range, so as to ensure the reliability of the primary frequency modulation mode of the unit and the safety and stability of the unit in the condensate water throttling mode, and the control scheme thereof can be divided into the control scheme of the condensate pump 32 in the power frequency state and the variable frequency state. Through implementation of the control scheme, the water level of the deaerator 6 can be ensured to be stable when the condensate pump 32 is in a variable frequency or power frequency state, so that safe and stable operation of the unit condensate water in a throttling and frequency modulation mode is ensured, the duration of throttling and frequency modulation of the unit condensate water is prolonged, and the primary frequency modulation function of the unit is ensured to meet the requirements of power grid companies.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the absorption heat pump 52 is specifically tuned by:
summing the temperature set value of the condensed water and a second input signal input by an operator to a third PID controller to obtain a temperature theoretical value of the condensed water;
the theoretical value of the temperature of the condensed water and the measured value of the temperature sensor 44 are input to the third PID controller, and a regulation command for the absorption heat pump 52 is output to regulate the absorption heat pump 52 by the regulation command.
In this embodiment, the control function of the absorption heat pump 52 is mainly to ensure that the temperature of the condensate water entering the deaerator 6 is within a reasonable range, and the heat energy of the geothermal source is stable, so that the energy release is simple and fast, and the heat energy of the geothermal source is reasonably and efficiently input into the unit condensate water system in a unit condensate water throttling and frequency modulation mode to ensure the quality of the condensate water entering the deaerator 6, thereby indirectly improving the safety and stability of the throttling regulation of the condensate water of the unit, and improving the regulation and economic performance of the unit. The second input signal is mainly used for facilitating the operator to slightly adjust the temperature value of the condensed water at the inlet of the deaerator 6.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides an operation method of coupling photo-thermal and absorption heat pump, and the flexible operation system mentioned in any one of the above embodiments is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is larger than a preset ratio, the condensate pump 32, the first pneumatic control valve 33, the second pneumatic control valve 41 and the absorption heat pump 52 are controlled to be in a variable-frequency running state;
when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is not greater than the preset ratio, the condensate pump 32 is controlled to be in a power frequency operation state, and the first pneumatic control valve 33, the second pneumatic control valve 41 and the absorption heat pump 52 are controlled to be in a variable frequency operation state.
It should be noted that, the frequency modulation method of the coal-fired power generation unit provided by the embodiment and the flexible operation system of the coal-fired power generation unit provided by the above embodiment are based on the same inventive concept, so that the two have the same beneficial effects, and no detailed description is given here.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited thereto; although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an operation system of photo-thermal and absorption heat pump coupling, its characterized in that includes photo-thermal heat collection device, heat storage device, steam generation device, turbine, surface condenser, evaporimeter, hot end user, ground source heat collection device, condensate water heat absorption device and deaerator, ground source heat collection device is provided with absorption heat pump, wherein:
the solar heat collecting device is used for converting solar energy into heat energy, the heat storage device is used for storing the heat energy converted by the solar heat collecting device, and the steam generating device is used for generating superheated steam by utilizing the heat energy stored by the heat storage device so as to provide the superheated steam for the turbine to generate electricity;
the turbine is respectively connected with the surface condenser and the evaporator, exhaust steam of the turbine is respectively led into the surface condenser and the evaporator, the surface condenser is respectively connected with the ground source heat collecting device and the condensed water heat absorbing device, condensed water generated by the surface condenser is recycled by utilizing the heat absorption of the ground source heat collecting device and the condensed water heat absorbing device, the evaporator is respectively connected with the hot end user and the steam generating device, heat of exhaust steam in the evaporator is used for being provided for the hot end user, and condensed water generated by the evaporator flows into the steam generating device and is recycled by utilizing the heat absorption of the heat storage device;
the ground source heat collector is used for absorbing ground source heat by the absorption heat pump, the condensed water heat absorber is connected with the turbine, the condensed water heat absorber is used for absorbing heat by utilizing the steam extraction of the turbine, the deaerator is respectively connected with the ground source heat collector and the condensed water heat absorber, and hot water discharged by the ground source heat collector and the condensed water heat absorber is discharged into the deaerator for recycling.
2. The flexible operation system according to claim 1, wherein the condensed water heat absorbing device comprises a condensed water pump, a first pneumatic adjusting valve, a plurality of low-pressure heaters and a first switching valve which are sequentially connected, the condensed water pump is connected with the surface condenser, the plurality of low-pressure heaters are connected with the turbine through a steam extraction pipeline, and the first switching valve is connected with the deaerator;
the ground source heat collection device comprises a second pneumatic control valve, a ground heat exchanger and a second switch valve which are sequentially connected, and the second switch valve is connected with the deaerator;
the geothermal heat exchanger is connected with the buried pipe and the absorption heat pump;
when the coal-fired generator set is subjected to frequency modulation, the liquid level stability of the surface condenser and the deaerator is ensured by controlling the condensate pump, the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve and the absorption heat pump.
3. The flexible operation system according to claim 2, wherein a flow sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on a pipeline between the condensate pump and the first pneumatic adjusting valve, a temperature sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the geothermal heat exchanger and the second switching valve, and a liquid level sensor is arranged on the deaerator;
when the condensate pump is in a variable frequency state, the condensate pump is regulated based on a water level set value of the deaerator, a measured value of the liquid level sensor, a unit feedwater flow measured value and a measured value of the flow sensor;
the first pneumatic regulating valve is regulated based on a unit frequency difference measured value, a unit power set value and a unit actual power measured value;
when the measured value of the pressure sensor is smaller than a pressure set value or when the measured value of the pressure sensor is not smaller than the pressure set value and the condensate pump is in a power frequency state, the second pneumatic adjusting valve is adjusted based on the water level set value of the deaerator, the measured value of the liquid level sensor, the unit water supply flow measurement value and the measured value of the flow sensor;
when the measured value of the pressure sensor is not smaller than a pressure set value and the condensate pump is in a variable frequency state, the second pneumatic adjusting valve is adjusted based on the valve opening of the first pneumatic adjusting valve;
the absorption heat pump is regulated based on a temperature set point of the condensate water and a measured value of the temperature sensor.
4. A flexible operation system according to claim 3, characterized in that the condensate pump is regulated in particular when the condensate pump is in a variable frequency state by:
judging whether the measured value of the pressure sensor is smaller than a pressure set value, if so, the condensate pump keeps running at the current running frequency;
if not, the following operations are performed:
summing a water level set value of the deaerator and a first input signal input by an operator to a first PID controller to obtain a water level theoretical value of the deaerator;
based on the water level theoretical value of the deaerator and the measured value of the liquid level sensor, obtaining an outer loop regulating instruction output by the first PID controller;
subtracting the measured value of the unit water supply flow and the measured value after filtering to obtain a differential value of the unit water supply flow change;
summing the measured value after the unit water supply flow measurement is filtered, the differential value of the unit water supply flow change and the outer loop regulating instruction to obtain an inner loop set value;
inputting the inner loop set value and the measured value of the flow sensor into a second PID controller, and outputting an adjusting instruction for the condensate pump so as to adjust the condensate pump by using the adjusting instruction;
the pressure set point is determined by the following formula:
p＝a 1 ·Q+b 1
wherein p represents the pressure set value and MPa; q is the power value of the unit and MW; a, a 1 And b 1 The method comprises the steps of sequentially presetting a first calculation coefficient and a second calculation coefficient.
5. A flexible operating system according to claim 3, characterized in that the first pneumatic control valve is specifically adjusted by:
obtaining a unit power regulating value based on the unit frequency difference measuring value;
summing the unit power regulating value and the unit power set value to obtain a unit power theoretical value;
inputting the set power theoretical value and the set actual power measured value into a PID controller to obtain a first output value;
obtaining a second output value based on the unit frequency difference measurement value and the unit actual transmission power measurement value;
and summing the first output value and the second output value to obtain an adjusting instruction of the first pneumatic adjusting valve, so that the adjusting instruction is utilized to adjust the first pneumatic adjusting valve.
6. The flexible operation system according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining a unit power adjustment value based on the unit frequency difference measurement value comprises:
and obtaining a unit power adjustment value based on the following formula:
wherein delta N is the unit power regulating value, MW; n (N) e Rated load for the unit, MW; delta is the unit speed variation rate,%; n is n e R/min is the rated rotation speed of the unit; Δh z The frequency difference is a measured value of the unit frequency difference, namely Hz;
the obtaining a second output value based on the unit frequency difference measurement value and the unit actual transmission power measurement value includes:
the second output value is obtained based on the following formula:
in the formula, v 1 For the second output value,%; k is a preset feedforward coefficient; n is the actual power measurement value of the unit, MW; n (N) e Rated load for the unit, MW; a, a 2 And b 2 The third calculation coefficient and the fourth calculation coefficient are preset in sequence; Δh z Is the frequency difference measurement value of the unit, and is Hz.
7. A flexible operation system according to claim 3, wherein the second pneumatic control valve is specifically adjusted when the measured value of the pressure sensor is smaller than a pressure set point or when the measured value of the pressure sensor is not smaller than a pressure set point and the condensate pump is in a power frequency state by:
summing a water level set value of the deaerator and a first input signal input by an operator to a first PID controller to obtain a water level theoretical value of the deaerator;
based on the water level theoretical value of the deaerator and the measured value of the liquid level sensor, obtaining an outer loop regulating instruction output by the first PID controller;
subtracting the measured value of the unit water supply flow and the measured value after filtering to obtain a differential value of the unit water supply flow change;
summing the measured value after the unit water supply flow measurement is filtered, the differential value of the unit water supply flow change and the outer loop regulating instruction to obtain an inner loop set value;
and inputting the inner loop set value and the measured value of the flow sensor into a second PID controller, and outputting a regulating command for the second pneumatic regulating valve so as to regulate the second pneumatic regulating valve by using the regulating command.
8. A flexible operation system according to claim 3, characterized in that the second pneumatic adjusting valve is adjusted in particular by the following way when the measured value of the pressure sensor is not smaller than the pressure set point and the condensate pump is in a variable frequency state:
the adjusting command of the second pneumatic adjusting valve is obtained through the following formula, so that the second pneumatic adjusting valve is adjusted by using the adjusting command:
in the formula, v 2 For the adjustment command of the second pneumatic adjustment valve,%; q is the measured value of the flow sensor, and t/h; v 1i The valve opening of the first pneumatic regulating valve is%; c v1 And c v2 The flow coefficients preset for the first pneumatic regulating valve and the second pneumatic regulating valve are sequentially set;
wherein the pressure set point is determined by the following formula:
p＝a 1 ·Q+b 1
wherein p is a tableThe pressure set point, MPa; q is the power value of the unit and MW; a, a 1 And b 1 The method comprises the steps of sequentially presetting a first calculation coefficient and a second calculation coefficient.
9. The flexible operation system according to any of claims 3-8, wherein the absorption heat pump is specifically regulated by:
summing the temperature set value of the condensed water and a second input signal input by an operator to a third PID controller to obtain a temperature theoretical value of the condensed water;
and inputting the theoretical temperature value of the condensed water and the measured value of the temperature sensor into the third PID controller, and outputting an adjusting instruction for the absorption heat pump so as to adjust the absorption heat pump by using the adjusting instruction.
10. A method of operating a photo-thermal and absorption heat pump coupling, characterized in that a flexible operating system according to any of claims 3-9 is used, the method comprising:
when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is larger than a preset ratio, controlling the condensate pump, the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve and the absorption heat pump to be in a variable-frequency running state;
when the ratio of the current unit load to the rated unit load of the coal-fired power generation unit is not larger than the preset ratio, the condensate pump is controlled to be in a power frequency running state, and the first pneumatic adjusting valve, the second pneumatic adjusting valve and the absorption heat pump are controlled to be in a variable frequency running state.
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