CN116653314A - Three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116653314A
CN116653314A CN202310634573.9A CN202310634573A CN116653314A CN 116653314 A CN116653314 A CN 116653314A CN 202310634573 A CN202310634573 A CN 202310634573A CN 116653314 A CN116653314 A CN 116653314A
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China
Prior art keywords
cross
foam
composite material
shaped
sandwich composite
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CN202310634573.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘新
尹文轩
武湛君
陈铎
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Priority to CN202310634573.9A priority Critical patent/CN116653314A/en
Publication of CN116653314A publication Critical patent/CN116653314A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/24Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material, which comprises the following steps: s1, forming cross grooves on two corresponding sides of square foam to obtain a foam sandwich structure; s2, sequentially winding fibers along the cross-shaped groove Y, Z and the X-axis annular direction of the vertical line of the center of the plane where the cross-shaped groove is positioned; s3, filling a cross foam filling layer in the cross groove; s4, sticking prepreg on the prism of the H-shaped surface of the foam sandwich structure; s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 until the cross-shaped grooves are filled into planes, and heating, pressurizing, curing and forming to obtain the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material. The sandwich composite new structure material plate prepared by the invention can fully exert the strength of carbon fibers, the weight of the sandwich composite new structure material plate is 1.71 times of that of the foam material under the same volume, and the longitudinal modulus and the transverse modulus of the sandwich composite new structure material plate are 37.64 times of that of the foam material; and a 54.4% weight loss compared to CFRP, the transverse modulus is 2.74 times that of CFRP.

Description

Three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material forming, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material prepared by winding circumferential fibers and a forming method thereof.
Background
The three-dimensional knitting can be enhanced in three directions, but the knitting process is complex and the cost is high; although three-side laying of the fiber cloth can also play a three-way reinforcing effect, the fibers are not continuous, the strength is influenced, and meanwhile, the fiber cloth also needs to be subjected to 2D weaving, so that the cost is increased.
The winding process is divided into three major categories of circumferential winding, longitudinal winding and spiral winding, wherein the spiral winding line type and an operation system are complex, specific program operation is needed to be completed, the cost of a winding machine capable of realizing spiral winding is greatly increased, the longitudinal winding is only suitable for forming products with specific shapes (such as spheres), the application range is narrow, and the cost of the winding machine is high.
The existing three-dimensional reinforced composite material mostly adopts three-dimensional woven fibers as a reinforcing phase, the three-dimensional weaving needs to be provided with a three-dimensional weaving machine which is high in price and complex in operation, meanwhile, the three-dimensional weaving process can cause great abrasion to the fibers, the strength loss is more than 30%, and the higher strength cannot be exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a molding method of a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material, which adopts a simple annular fiber winding process to realize three-direction reinforcement, reduces the processing difficulty and cost of the traditional three-dimensional reinforced fabric, and simultaneously obtains ideal mechanical properties.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, forming cross grooves on a first surface and a second surface of square foam, wherein the second surface is positioned on the back of the first surface, and a foam sandwich structure is obtained;
s2, respectively taking the central lines of two grooves perpendicular to the cross-shaped groove as a Y axis and a Z axis, and taking the Y axis as a winding axis; winding fibers in the cross-shaped grooves of the foam sandwich structure in a circumferential direction, changing a Z axis into a winding axis, and winding the fibers in the cross-shaped grooves of the foam sandwich structure in a circumferential direction; taking a vertical line of the center of a platform where the bottom of the cross-shaped groove is positioned as an X axis, taking the X axis as a winding axis, and winding fibers around the side edges of the platform;
s3, filling a cross foam filling layer in the cross groove;
s4, pasting prepreg along the length direction of an H-shaped surface prism formed by the groove walls of the cross-shaped grooves of the foam sandwich structure;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 until the cross-shaped grooves are filled into planes, and heating, pressurizing, curing and forming to obtain the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material.
Preferably, the fibers in step S2 are resin-impregnated fibers.
Preferably, in step S3, a square groove with the same width as the cross is formed at the intersection of the center of one cross surface of the cross foam filling layer, and the depth is 1 layer of fiber thickness; and during filling, one surface of the cross foam filling layer, which is provided with the square groove, faces inwards.
Preferably, the prepreg in step S4 is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based prepreg with a single layer in the middle and double layers at the left and right ends.
Preferably, in step S4, the single layer is located on the platform when the prepreg is laid, and the double layers are respectively and symmetrically attached to the prisms corresponding to two sides of the platform.
Preferably, the curing and molding conditions in the step S5 are 25-200 ℃ and the pressure is 0.1-0.3MPa.
The invention provides a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material, which comprises a foam sandwich structure, wherein a first surface and a second surface of the foam sandwich structure are provided with cross grooves, and the second surface is positioned on the back of the first surface; alternately paving the cross-shaped grooves until the grooves are filled up by winding fibers and filling cross-shaped foam filling layers, and attaching prepreg along the length direction of an H-shaped surface prism formed by the walls of the cross-shaped grooves of the foam sandwich structure; and then the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material is obtained through curing and forming.
Preferably, the fiber is a fiber impregnated with resin, the prepreg is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based prepreg with a single middle layer and double left and right ends; the single layer is attached to the platform, and the double layers are respectively and symmetrically attached to prisms corresponding to two sides of the platform.
Preferably, fibers are wound around the periphery of the side edge of the platform where the groove bottom of the cross-shaped groove is located.
Preferably, a square groove with the same width as the cross shape is arranged at the intersection of the center of one cross-shaped surface of the cross-shaped foam filling layer, and the depth is 1 layer of fiber thickness; and during filling, one surface of the cross foam filling layer, which is provided with the square groove, faces inwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the continuous fiber and three-way reinforced sandwich composite new structure material plate prepared by the invention can fully exert the strength of carbon fibers, has simple molding process and low cost, has the weight 1.71 times of that of the foam material under the same volume, and has the longitudinal modulus and the transverse modulus 37.64 times of that of the foam material; and a 54.4% weight loss compared to CFRP, the transverse modulus is 2.74 times that of CFRP.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a foam sandwich of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the front structure of the foam sandwich of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a foam padding layer of the novel structural material of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the prepreg plane of the novel structural material of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a right side view of the foam sandwich of the novel structural material of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an elevation view of a foam sandwich of the novel structural material of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a foam sandwich of the novel structural material of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a prepreg and foam sandwich composite of the novel structural material of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a six-way interface of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of transverse and longitudinal modulus vs. foam, CFRP for a material prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a finished product of the novel structural material prepared by the invention obtained by curing and molding.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with specific examples and the accompanying drawings, but is not limited in any way.
The instruments, reagents, materials, etc. used in the examples described below are conventional instruments, reagents, materials, etc. known in the art, and are commercially available. The experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the examples described below are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like that are known in the prior art unless otherwise specified.
As shown in figures 1-2, the foam sandwich of the novel structural material is a foam filling layer, as shown in figure 3, the two sides of the foam sandwich are provided with cross-shaped grooves, the foam filling layer is a cross-shaped foam plate, the single-layer thickness t and the cross-section side length l of the foam filling layer are Y ,l Z
As shown in figure 4, the lengths of the single layer of the prepreg in the Y direction and the Z direction are Y and Z respectively, the prepreg is laid on two corner edges of the H-shaped surface of the foam sandwich, the length l+2 (N-1) (t+d) of the middle single layer part of the prepreg, and the total length L- (l+2 (N-1) (t+d) of the double layer part of the prepreg. The prepreg is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based prepreg, or a prepreg of other fibers and resins.
As shown in fig. 5-7, the long side length of the H-shaped surface of the foam sandwich is L, the short side length is z and y respectively, and the three-side dimensions of the product after winding/sandwich are L, M, K respectively.
According to the size requirement of the required novel structure, N layers of windings are designed, when the winding is performed around an X axis, the winding width of each layer is Cx=l+2 (N-1) (t+d), and when the winding is performed around a Y axis, the winding width of each layer is C Y =l Y When winding around the Z axis, each layer has a winding width of C Z =l Z The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the N prepregs were prepared, with a width of Q Y+Z =y+z, middle monolayer, two-sided bilayer, each prepreg middle monolayer part length Q X1 =l+2 (N-1) (t+d), the double-layer portion on both sides is Q X2 =l- (l+2 (N-1) (t+d)), and when preparing a prepreg, one piece is cut firstLength of Q X1 +2Q X2 Width of Q Y+Z Is cut into two pieces of single-layer prepreg with length of Q X2 Width of Q Y+Z Is laid on both ends of the first piece of prepreg; preparing N cross foam filling layers with the thickness t, wherein the concave depth in the middle rectangular area is d, and the width in the Y direction and the length on one side are respectively l Y And y+2Nd, the width in Z direction and the length on one side are respectively l Z And z+2nd, the dimensional relationships of the wound layer, prepreg layer, foam layer are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 dimensional relationships of wound layers, prepreg layers, foam layers
The specific method comprises the following steps:
0. as shown in fig. 9, the foam sandwich structure is taken as a mould, and a six-way interface is embedded in the center of the mould and is used for screwing six winding shafts in three directions;
1. firstly, taking a Y axis as a winding axis, and winding 1 layer of l in a cross groove of a foam sandwich structure in a circumferential direction Y Width of resin impregnated fiber;
2. the Z axis is changed to be a winding axis, and 1 layer of L is wound in a cross groove of the foam sandwich structure in a circumferential direction Z Width of resin impregnated fiber;
3. changing X to a winding shaft, and winding 1 layer of resin-impregnated fiber with width of 1 layer at the middle position in the X direction (shown as a dotted line area in fig. 8);
4. at this time, the six-sided center of the foam sandwich structure is wound with 2 layers of orthogonal fibers with the thickness of 2d, and other winding positions are wound with 1 layer of fibers with the thickness of d;
5. the cross grooves of the foam sandwich structure are respectively provided with a layer of cross foam filling layer, as shown in figure 9, the middle of the foam filling layer is provided with a concave surface close to the winding layer;
6. the four sections of the cross foam filling layer are higher than the cross groove 2d of the foam sandwich structure, and are in a plane state with the central winding surface of the foam sandwich structure;
7. the prepreg with a middle single layer and two layers at two sides is stuck on four edges of the H-shaped surface of the foam sandwich structure (as in the stripe part of figure 8); the single-layer surface is integrally paved on a middle platform of the foam sandwich structure, and the double-layer surfaces are respectively stuck on the piled prisms.
8. Repeating the steps 1-7 for N times;
9. the cross-shaped groove of the foam sandwich structure consists of 2N layers of winding layers and N layers of cross-shaped foam filling layers;
10. the H-shaped surface direction of the foam sandwich structure consists of 2N winding layers and N prepreg layers;
11. the six surfaces are all planes, and a plurality of layers of composite materials can be continuously wound on the outer surface in a circumferential direction according to the requirement;
12. after winding, six shafts are removed, the fiber near the winding shaft is integrated under the action of winding tension, and the three-dimensional sandwich material is heated, pressurized, solidified and formed, so that the block structural material is formed.
Wherein, the heating and pressurizing are carried out in an autoclave, and the pressure is 0.1-0.3MPa according to the curing temperature (room temperature 25-200 ℃) of the resin and the temperature resistance condition of the foam.
Example 1
l=10mm,L y =10mm,L z =10mm,y=10mm,z=10mm,t=2mm,d=1mm,l z =10mm,l y =10mm, n=2, foam density 0.4g/cm 3 Composite density 1.5g/cm 3
Calculated from the dimensional relationships of table 1:
L=l+N(t+d)=16mm
M=l z +2z=30mm
K=l y +2y=30mm
V total (S) =L×M×K=14.4cm 3
Composite layer volume (including windingLayer and prepreg layer): v (V) 1 =NMKd=1.8cm 3 ,V 2 =NLKd=0.96cm 3 ,V 3 =LMNd=0.96cm 3
V Composite material =V 1+ V 2 +V 3 =3.72cm 3
Foam volume (including foam sandwich and foam fill) V Foam =V Total (S) -V Composite material =10.68cm 3
Therefore, the CFRP with the same volume weighs 21.6g, the foam material weighs 5.76g, the novel structural material weighs 9.85g, and through experimental tests, the CFRP has a longitudinal modulus of 100GPa, a transverse modulus of 9.6GPa, the foam material has a longitudinal modulus of 0.7GPa, a transverse modulus of 0.7GPa, and the novel structural material has a longitudinal modulus of 26.35GPa and a transverse modulus of 26.35GPa. It can be seen that the same volume of the novel structural material of the present invention weighs 1.71 times the foam material, while the longitudinal modulus and transverse modulus are both 37.64 times the foam material; the new structural material is reduced by 54.4% compared with CFRP, and the transverse modulus is 2.74 times of CFRP.
As shown in figure 10, the statistical graph of the transverse modulus and the longitudinal modulus of the invention can show that although the CFRP has higher longitudinal modulus, the CFRP has lower transverse modulus and is a typical anisotropic material, and the novel structure has consistent transverse modulus and longitudinal modulus, lighter weight and higher modulus and is a novel structure form with application prospect.
Many possible variations and modifications of the disclosed technology can be made by anyone skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technology, or the technology can be modified to be equivalent. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, forming cross grooves on a first surface and a second surface of square foam, wherein the second surface is positioned on the back of the first surface, and a foam sandwich structure is obtained;
s2, respectively taking the central lines of two grooves perpendicular to the cross-shaped groove as a Y axis and a Z axis, and taking the Y axis as a winding axis; winding fibers in the cross-shaped grooves of the foam sandwich structure in a circumferential direction, changing a Z axis into a winding axis, and winding the fibers in the cross-shaped grooves of the foam sandwich structure in a circumferential direction; taking a vertical line of the center of a platform where the bottom of the cross-shaped groove is positioned as an X axis, taking the X axis as a winding axis, and winding fibers around the side edges of the platform;
s3, filling a cross foam filling layer in the cross groove;
s4, pasting prepreg along the length direction of an H-shaped surface prism formed by the groove walls of the cross-shaped grooves of the foam sandwich structure;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 until the cross-shaped grooves are filled into planes, and heating, pressurizing, curing and forming to obtain the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material.
2. The method of producing a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers in step S2 are resin impregnated fibers.
3. The method for preparing the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, a square groove with the same width as the cross shape is arranged at the intersection of the center of one cross-shaped surface of the cross-shaped foam filling layer, and the depth is 1 layer of fiber thickness; and during filling, one surface of the cross foam filling layer, which is provided with the square groove, faces inwards.
4. The method for preparing a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material according to claim 1, wherein the prepreg in the step S4 is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based prepreg having a single layer in the middle and two layers at both right and left ends.
5. The method for preparing a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material according to claim 4, wherein in the step S4, the single layer is located on the platform when the prepreg is laid and pasted, and the double layers are respectively and symmetrically pasted on the prisms corresponding to the two sides of the platform.
6. The method for preparing a three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material according to claim 1, wherein the curing and molding conditions in the step S5 are 25-200 ℃ and the pressure is 0.1-0.3MPa.
7. A three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized by comprising a foam sandwich structure, wherein a first surface and a second surface of the foam sandwich structure are provided with cross grooves, and the second surface is positioned on the back surface of the first surface; alternately paving the cross-shaped grooves until the grooves are filled up by winding fibers and filling cross-shaped foam filling layers, and attaching prepreg along the length direction of an H-shaped surface prism formed by the walls of the cross-shaped grooves of the foam sandwich structure; and then the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material is obtained through curing and forming.
8. The method for preparing the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material according to claim 7, wherein the fibers are fibers impregnated with resin, the prepreg is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based prepreg with a single layer in the middle and double layers at the left and right ends; the single layer is attached to the platform, and the double layers are respectively and symmetrically attached to prisms corresponding to two sides of the platform.
9. The method for preparing the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material according to claim 7, wherein fibers are wound around the periphery of the side edge of the platform where the groove bottom of the cross-shaped groove is located.
10. The method for preparing the three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material according to claim 7, wherein a square groove with the same width as the cross shape is arranged at the intersection of the center of one cross-shaped surface of the cross-shaped foam filling layer, and the depth is 1 layer of fiber thickness; and during filling, one surface of the cross foam filling layer, which is provided with the square groove, faces inwards.
CN202310634573.9A 2023-05-31 2023-05-31 Three-dimensional reinforced sandwich composite material and preparation method thereof Pending CN116653314A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117141012A (en) * 2023-10-31 2023-12-01 廊坊市飞泽复合材料科技有限公司 Foam material reinforcing method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117141012A (en) * 2023-10-31 2023-12-01 廊坊市飞泽复合材料科技有限公司 Foam material reinforcing method
CN117141012B (en) * 2023-10-31 2024-05-24 廊坊市飞泽复合材料科技有限公司 Foam material reinforcing method

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