CN116651203A - SCR denitration system control method suitable for frequent fluctuation of unit load - Google Patents
SCR denitration system control method suitable for frequent fluctuation of unit load Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013527 convolutional neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007637 random forest analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108700041286 delta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/042—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8696—Controlling the catalytic process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method of an SCR denitration system which adapts to frequent fluctuation of unit load, wherein ammonia injection quantity is adopted to adjust the concentration of NOx at an outlet of the SCR denitration system, and deviation of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the SCR denitration system and a set value of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet is calculated by PID to obtain an ammonia injection quantity instruction; the feed forward of the ammonia injection amount command consists of three parts: one is an instruction based on the denitration system inlet NOx concentration; secondly, obtaining deviation based on the predicted value and the actual value of the SCR reaction temperature; and thirdly, the flue gas baffle opening change of the coal-fired unit is based. Meanwhile, the change rate of the SCR reaction temperature acts on the ammonia injection instruction, and when the decrease rate of the SCR reaction temperature is large, the change rate of the ammonia injection amount is limited to be too large.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal-fired power generation, in particular to a control method of an SCR denitration system which adapts to frequent fluctuation of unit load.
Background
The coal-fired unit is ballast stone for safe and stable supply of energy sources in China, and in the future, the coal-fired unit will bear more peak regulation and frequency modulation tasks so as to consume more wind energy and solar energy. Therefore, the coal-fired unit is frequently in a larger load-changing interval and a faster load-changing rate process, which can affect the safe and stable operation of the denitration system of the coal-fired unit, and the NOx concentration and the ammonia escape rate of the outlet of the denitration system of the coal-fired unit are strictly regulated in China.
The current SCR denitration technology is the most widely applied denitration technology of a coal-fired power plant, and the principle of the technology is that ammonia gas and NOx in flue gas are mixed and subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of a catalyst to generate N 2 And H 2 O, the reaction temperature required is generally 320 to 400 ℃. Frequent load changes cause frequent changes in the SCR reaction temperature, which may cause problems of exceeding or transient exceeding of the SCR system outlet NOx concentration. The current SCR denitration control method cannot solve the problem well.
The invention comprises the following steps:
in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the control method of the SCR denitration system, which adapts to frequent fluctuation of unit load, and introduces the change of denitration reaction temperature into a denitration control strategy, so that the problems of exceeding of NOx concentration of a denitration outlet or exceeding of transient state caused by fluctuation of denitration temperature in the frequent load changing process are solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the control method of the SCR denitration system, which is suitable for frequent fluctuation of unit load, adopts ammonia injection quantity to adjust the concentration of NOx at an outlet of the SCR denitration system, and obtains an ammonia injection quantity instruction through PID calculation by the deviation of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the SCR denitration system and a set value of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet;
the feed forward of the ammonia injection amount command consists of three parts, one of which is a command obtained based on the SCR denitration system inlet NOx concentration:
wherein Fdd1 is feed-forward 1 of ammonia injection amount command, mol m -3 ；E NO For SCR selective reduction of activation energy, J.mol -1 ；E ox For adsorbing NH to catalyst 3 Activation energy of self redox reaction, J.mol -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the R is the ideal gas constant, unit J.mol -1 ·K -1 ；T 1 The temperature K is the SCR denitration reaction temperature; c (C) NO-in For SCR denitration system inlet NOx concentration, mol m -3 ；C NO-out For the NOx concentration of the outlet of the SCR denitration system, mol m -3 ；For SCR denitration system outlet NH 3 Concentration, mol m -3 ；/>For adsorbing NH to catalyst 3 The pro-finger factor of the redox reaction itself, unit m 3 ·mol -1 ·s -1 ；/>Pre-finger factor for SCR selective reduction reaction, unit m 3 ·mol -1 ·s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Gamma is a correction coefficient, which is a constant;
the second is obtained based on the deviation between the predicted value and the actual value of the SCR reaction temperature:
Fdd2＝k 1 ·(AIG(x 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 ，x 5 )-T)
wherein Fdd2 is feed-forward 2 of ammonia injection amount command, mol m -3 ；x 1 The load factor of the unit is set; x is x 2 The opening of the smoke baffle is the opening of the smoke baffle; x is x 3 Is the temperature of water supply, and the temperature is lower than the temperature; x is x 4 Is the inlet temperature of the low-temperature reheater, and is at the temperature of DEG C; x is x 5 Is the temperature of the middle point and the temperature is lower than the temperature of the middle point; AIG is an intelligent algorithm, and x is used according to historical operation data of the coal-fired unit 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 x 5 Predicting SCR denitration reaction temperature; t is the actual denitration reaction temperature of SCR, and the temperature is DEG C; k (k) 1 In order to adjust the coefficient of the power supply,adjusting according to actual running conditions;
thirdly, the flue gas baffle opening change based on the coal-fired unit is obtained:
Fdd3＝k 2 ·Δv
wherein Fdd3 is feedforward 3 of ammonia injection amount instruction, mol m -3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Deltav is the change rate of the opening of the flue gas baffle of the coal-fired unit; k (k) 2 For adjusting the coefficients, the adjustment is performed according to the actual running conditions.
Preferably, the change rate of the SCR reaction temperature acts on the ammonia injection command, and when the change rate v of the SCR denitration reaction temperature is 1 When less than N, the change rate v of the ammonia injection quantity instruction is set 2 < M: wherein N is-0.1 to-0.2; m is 0.05 to 0.1.
Preferably, in the expression of Fdd1, the SCR denitration reaction temperature T 1 The fixed value is taken, and the range of the value is 603.15-633.15K.
Preferably, in the expression of Fdd1, C NO-out Taking a fixed value with the range of 0.0014 to 0.0018molm -3 。
Preferably, in the expression of Fdd1,taking a fixed value in the range of 0.0001 to 0.0002molm -3 。
Preferably, in the expression of Fdd1, γ has a value in the range of 1.4 to 1.8.
Preferably, in the expression of Fdd2, in the process of predicting the SCR denitration reaction temperature by adopting the intelligent algorithm AIG, the hysteresis time Δt of each parameter on the SCR denitration reaction temperature change is considered, and the specific calculation is as follows:
wherein deltat is the delay time of each parameter on the temperature change of SCR denitration reaction, and s; k (k) 3 ，k 4 ，k 5 And obtaining the coefficient according to the historical operation data of the coal-fired power plant.
Preferably, in the expression of Fdd2, in the process of predicting the SCR denitration reaction temperature by adopting the intelligent algorithm AIG, the intelligent algorithm AIG adopts a BP neural network algorithm, an LSTM neural network algorithm, a convolutional neural network algorithm or a random forest algorithm.
Preferably, in the expression of Fdd2, k is when the load of the coal-fired unit is changed to the target command during the load change of the coal-fired unit 1 =0; i.e. feed forward 2 of the ammonia injection amount command exits the control logic.
Compared with the prior art, the method introduces the SCR denitration reaction temperature into the denitration control method, solves the problem of high difficulty in controlling the NOx concentration at the outlet of the denitration system caused by fluctuation of the SCR denitration reaction temperature in the frequent load changing process, and can effectively solve the problem of transient exceeding of the NOx outlet difficulty of the unit denitration system in the load changing process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a control method diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in SCR system outlet NOx concentration with the denitration control method of the present invention when 75% THA is reduced to 50% THA load, and compared to a conventional SCR denitration control method.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a control method of an SCR denitration system, which is suitable for frequent fluctuation of unit load.
The control target is the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the SCR denitration system: the deviation (delta 1) of the outlet NOx concentration of the SCR denitration system and the outlet NOx concentration set value is calculated by PID to obtain an ammonia injection amount instruction, and the feedforward of the ammonia injection amount instruction consists of three parts, wherein one part is an instruction obtained based on the inlet NOx concentration of the SCR denitration system:
wherein Fdd1 is feed-forward 1 of ammonia injection amount command, mol m -3 ；E NO For SCR selective reduction of activation energy, J.mol -1 ；E ox Is a catalystAdsorbed NH 3 Activation energy of self redox reaction, J.mol -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the R is the ideal gas constant, unit J.mol -1 ·K -1 ；T 1 The temperature K is the SCR denitration reaction temperature; c (C) NO-in For SCR denitration system inlet NOx concentration, mol m -3 ；C NO-out For the NOx concentration of the outlet of the SCR denitration system, mol m -3 ；For SCR denitration system outlet NH 3 Concentration, mol m -3 ；/>For adsorbing NH to catalyst 3 The pro-finger factor of the redox reaction itself, unit m 3 ·mol -1 ·s -1 ；/>Pre-finger factor for SCR selective reduction reaction, unit m 3 ·mol -1 ·s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Gamma is a correction coefficient, which is a constant;
in the above, T 1 The value range is 603.15-633.15K; c (C) NO-out The value range is 0.0014 to 0.0018mol m -3 ；The value range is 0.0001-0.0002 mol m -3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The value range of gamma is 1.4-1.8;
and secondly, obtaining based on deviation (delta 2) of the predicted value and the actual value of the SCR reaction temperature:
Fdd2＝k 1 ·(AIG(x 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 ，x 5 )-T)
wherein Fdd2 is feed-forward 2 of ammonia injection amount command, mol m -3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the x1 is the unit load rate; x is x 2 The opening of the smoke baffle is the opening of the smoke baffle; x is x 3 Is the temperature of water supply, and the temperature is lower than the temperature; x is x 4 Is the inlet temperature of the low-temperature reheater, and is at the temperature of DEG C; x is x 5 Is the temperature of the middle point and the temperature is lower than the temperature of the middle point; the intelligent algorithm AIG comprises a BP neural networkDeep learning algorithms such as LSTM neural network, convolutional neural network and random forest algorithm are used for operating data according to the history of the coal-fired unit, and x is used for operating the coal-fired unit according to the history 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 x 5 Predicting SCR denitration reaction temperature; t is the actual denitration reaction temperature of SCR, and the temperature is DEG C; k (k) 1 For adjusting the coefficient, the adjustment can be performed according to the actual running condition;
in the above formula, in the process of predicting the SCR reaction temperature by adopting the intelligent algorithm AIG, the delay time delta t of each parameter on the change of the SCR denitration reaction temperature is considered, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein deltat is the delay time of each parameter on the temperature change of SCR denitration reaction, and s; k (k) 3 ，k 4 ，k 5 For calculating the coefficients, the coefficients can be obtained according to historical operation data of the coal-fired power plant.
In the above formula, k is when the unit load changes to the target instruction in the load changing process of the coal-fired unit 1 =0; i.e. feed forward 2 of the ammonia injection amount command exits the control logic.
Thirdly, the flue gas baffle opening change based on the coal-fired unit is obtained:
Fdd3＝k 2 ·Δv
wherein Fdd3 is feedforward 3 of ammonia injection amount instruction, mol m -3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Deltav is the change rate of the opening of the flue gas baffle of the coal-fired unit; k (k) 2 For adjusting the coefficient, the adjustment can be performed according to the actual running condition;
the change rate of the SCR reaction temperature acts on the ammonia injection instruction, and when the change rate v of the SCR reaction temperature 1 When less than N, the change rate v of the ammonia injection quantity instruction is set 2 < M: wherein N is generally-0.1 to-0.2; m is generally 0.05 to 0.1;
the SCR denitration control strategy which adopts the ammonia injection quantity to adjust the NOx concentration at the outlet of the SCR denitration system and the feedforward instruction is only obtained by the NOx concentration at the inlet of the denitration system is called an original control strategy. The denitration control strategy of the present invention is called an optimization control strategy. Under both control strategies, the change in SCR system outlet NOx concentration during the coal-fired unit's decrease from 75% THA to 50% THA is shown in FIG. 2. It can be found that the problem of transient exceeding of the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the SCR system is better solved after the optimal control strategy is adopted.
Claims (9)
1. A control method of an SCR denitration system suitable for frequent fluctuation of unit load is characterized by comprising the following steps: regulating the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the SCR denitration system by adopting the ammonia injection amount, and obtaining an ammonia injection amount instruction by PID calculation on the deviation of the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the SCR denitration system and the set value of the concentration of NOx at the outlet;
the feed forward of the ammonia injection amount command consists of three parts, one of which is a command obtained based on the SCR denitration system inlet NOx concentration:
wherein Fdd1 is feed-forward 1 of ammonia injection amount command, mol m -3 ；E NO For SCR selective reduction of activation energy, J.mol -1 ；E ox For adsorbing NH to catalyst 3 Activation energy of self redox reaction, J.mol -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the R is the ideal gas constant, unit J.mol -1 ·K -1 ；T 1 The temperature K is the SCR denitration reaction temperature; c (C) NO-in For SCR denitration system inlet NOx concentration, mol m -3 ；C NO-out For the NOx concentration of the outlet of the SCR denitration system, mol m -3 ；For SCR denitration system outlet NH 3 Concentration, mol m -3 ；/>For adsorbing NH to catalyst 3 The pro-finger factor of the redox reaction itself, unit m 3 ·mol -1 ·s -1 ；/>Pre-finger factor for SCR selective reduction reaction, unit m 3 ·mol -1 ·s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Gamma is a correction coefficient, which is a constant;
the second is obtained based on the deviation between the predicted value and the actual value of the SCR reaction temperature:
Fdd2＝k 1 ·(AIG(x 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 ，x 5 )-T)
wherein Fdd2 is feed-forward 2 of ammonia injection amount command, mol m -3 ；x 1 The load factor of the unit is set; x is x 2 The opening of the smoke baffle is the opening of the smoke baffle; x is x 3 Is the temperature of water supply, and the temperature is lower than the temperature; x is x 4 Is the inlet temperature of the low-temperature reheater, and is at the temperature of DEG C; x is x 5 Is the temperature of the middle point and the temperature is lower than the temperature of the middle point; AIG is an intelligent algorithm, and x is used according to historical operation data of the coal-fired unit 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 x 5 Predicting SCR denitration reaction temperature; t is the actual denitration reaction temperature of SCR, and the temperature is DEG C; k (k) 1 For adjusting the coefficients, adjusting according to actual running conditions;
thirdly, the flue gas baffle opening change based on the coal-fired unit is obtained:
Fdd3＝k 2 ·Δv
wherein Fdd3 is feedforward 3 of ammonia injection amount instruction, mol m -3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Deltav is the change rate of the opening of the flue gas baffle of the coal-fired unit; k (k) 2 For adjusting the coefficients, the adjustment is performed according to the actual running conditions.
2. The control method of an SCR denitration system adapted to frequent fluctuation of unit load according to claim 1, wherein the rate of change of the SCR reaction temperature is applied to the ammonia injection command, and when the rate of change of the SCR denitration reaction temperature v 1 When the ammonia injection quantity is less than IV, setting the change rate v of the ammonia injection quantity instruction 2 < M: wherein N is-0.1 to-0.2; m is 0.05 to 0.1.
3. The control method of the SCR denitration system for adapting to frequent fluctuation of unit load according to claim 1, wherein in the expression of Fdd1, the SCR denitration reaction temperature T1 takes a fixed value, and the value range is 603.15-633.15K.
4. The control method for an SCR denitration system adapted to frequent fluctuation of unit load according to claim 1, wherein C is expressed as Fdd1 NO-out Taking a fixed value with the range of 0.0014 to 0.0018mol m -3 。
5. The control method for the SCR denitration system, which is suitable for frequent fluctuation of unit load, according to claim 1, wherein in the expression of Fdd1,taking a fixed value, wherein the range of the value is 0.0001 to 0.0002mol m -3 。
6. The control method of the SCR denitration system for adapting to frequent fluctuation of unit load according to claim 1, wherein in the expression of Fdd1, the value range of gamma is 1.4-1.8.
7. The control method of the SCR denitration system adapted to frequent fluctuation of unit load according to claim 1, wherein in the expression of Fdd2, in the process of predicting the SCR denitration reaction temperature by using intelligent algorithm AIG, considering the hysteresis time Δt of each parameter to the SCR denitration reaction temperature change, the specific calculation is as follows:
wherein deltat is the delay time of each parameter on the temperature change of SCR denitration reaction, and s; k (k) 3 ，k 4 ，k 5 And obtaining the coefficient according to the historical operation data of the coal-fired power plant.
8. The control method of the SCR denitration system adapting to frequent fluctuation of unit load according to claim 1, wherein in the expression of Fdd2, an intelligent algorithm AIG is adopted to predict the SCR denitration reaction temperature, and the intelligent algorithm AIG is adopted to be a BP neural network algorithm, an LSTM neural network algorithm, a convolutional neural network algorithm or a random forest algorithm.
9. The control method for an SCR denitration system adapted to frequent fluctuation of unit load according to claim 1, wherein k is defined as k when the load of the coal-fired unit changes to a target command during the load change of the coal-fired unit in the expression of Fdd2 1 =0; i.e. feed forward 2 of the ammonia injection amount command exits the control logic.
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