CN116646999A - Method and apparatus for performing a device battery charging procedure of a battery powered device - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for performing a device battery charging procedure of a battery powered device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116646999A
CN116646999A CN202310136334.0A CN202310136334A CN116646999A CN 116646999 A CN116646999 A CN 116646999A CN 202310136334 A CN202310136334 A CN 202310136334A CN 116646999 A CN116646999 A CN 116646999A
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China
Prior art keywords
charging
current level
charge
battery
charging current
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CN202310136334.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
C·克罗纳
C·沃尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Methods and apparatus to perform a device battery charging process for a battery powered device. The invention relates to a method for carrying out a charging process of a device battery (2) of a technical device (1), comprising the following steps: -providing a charging curve, which predefines charging current levels (N1-N6) as a function of the charging state range of the device battery (2), wherein these charging current levels are fixedly predefinable and specify a maximum permissible charging current; -recording (S2, S5) the battery pack temperature and the current state of charge; -selecting (S6) one of the charging current levels as a function of the battery temperature and the state of charge when the battery temperature is found to be outside the normal temperature range, wherein the selected charging current level is below, in particular immediately below, the charging current level predefined in the current state of charge by the provided charging curve; -charging the device battery (2) at the selected charging current level.

Description

Method and apparatus for performing a device battery charging procedure of a battery powered device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for performing a charging process of a device battery of a battery-powered device by variably adjusting a predefined charging profile in order to improve the aging behaviour of the device battery.
Background
The device battery of a battery powered technical device must be charged periodically in order for the technical device to remain operational. Since the device battery is subject to aging depending on the parameters of the charging process, it is important to provide a suitable charging strategy in order to achieve as long a service life of the device battery as possible.
Typically, a charging profile is predefined by the manufacturer or by the operator of the device battery for a powerful device battery, which charging profile is coordinated with the battery chemistry of the battery cells of the device battery. The charging profile ensures that: an optimized charging process is implemented for a specific type of device battery pack, which in particular limits the cyclic aging of the device battery pack. The corresponding charging curve is typically provided as a stepwise curve of the maximum allowable charging current with the state of charge. In general, a device battery is provided with a charging profile for a fast charging process with a high charging current and for a normal charging process with a battery-friendly charging current.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the invention, a method for carrying out a charging process of a device battery of a technical device according to claim 1 and a corresponding device according to the parallel independent claim are provided.
Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
According to a first aspect, a method for performing a charging process of a device battery of a technical device is provided, the method having the following steps:
-providing a charging profile, which charging profile predefines charging current levels as a function of a charging state range of the device battery pack, wherein these charging current levels are fixedly predefines and specify a maximum allowable charging current;
-recording the battery pack temperature and the current state of charge;
-selecting one of the charge current levels as a function of the battery temperature and the state of charge when the battery temperature is found to be outside a predefined normal temperature range, wherein the selected charge current level is lower than the charge current level predefined in the current state of charge by the charge curve.
Typically, one or more fixed charging curves are predefined by the manufacturer for a particular type of device battery pack. However, it is possible that: the fixedly predefined charging profile is adjusted in order to achieve an improved aging behavior when charging the battery pack of the device. The charging profile is generally defined as the state-of-charge course of the maximum permissible charging current, i.e. different maximum permissible charging currents are provided for different states of charge, wherein the maximum permissible charging currents each form a charging current level within a predefined state-of-charge range. Typically, the maximum allowable charging current corresponds to the charging current actually provided unless there is a criterion that requires a limitation of the charging power.
The charging curve therefore generally has a stepwise course of the current level specified for the maximum permissible charging current (in particular between three and ten different current levels), which stepwise course is the result of the optimization method. The optimization method allows for reduced to minimum charge times that conflict with the goal of lowest possible battery aging or battery loading. This ultimately results in a stepped form of the battery pack at a fixed ambient or charge starting temperature. For conventional charging curves, a maximum charging current is predefined for a low state of charge, with the current level having the highest current value, wherein the next lower current level is predefined for the maximum permissible charging current in turn as the state of charge increases. Typically, a stepwise change in the charging curve is provided with a state of charge limit at which the next lower current level is switched.
Battery aging is largely dependent on battery temperature during use of the battery. The device battery is particularly stressed and ageing above average occurs, especially for high charge and discharge currents at very low and very high battery temperatures. However, the previous provision of the charging curve only takes into account the battery temperature during the charging process insofar as the maximum permissible charging current is reduced overall and the charging time is thereby prolonged.
Although battery pack control devices of today basically provide for: the charging process is performed according to a predetermined charging profile, but these battery control devices can also change the charging process within a current level of a maximum allowable charging current, which is predetermined by the charging profile.
The above method now provides for: based on the current level of the maximum charging current, which is predefined by the charging curve, the charging process is adjusted as a function of the battery pack temperature, so that the charging time is not extended. This enables a gentle charging in a non-optimal temperature range and thus an improved ageing behaviour. This may help to increase the service life of the device battery.
The method is based on a charging profile assigned to the device battery pack, which may be predefined by the manufacturer, or which may already be adapted to the specific characteristics of the assigned device battery pack by means of a cloud-based method.
Provision may also be made for: when the battery temperature deviates from the normal temperature range, in particular when the battery temperature falls below the normal temperature range, the selected charge current level results from a reduction in the charge current level, which is obtained for the current charge state according to the assigned charge curve, corresponding to a reduction factor dependent on the battery temperature, wherein the reduction factor is determined in particular by means of a predefined reduction function.
This may provide that: the temperature-dependent reduction factor is predefined on the basis of a temperature-dependent reduction function, for example in the form of a characteristic curve or a distribution table. If the battery pack temperature is within a normal temperature range, such as between 15 ℃ and 35 ℃, the reduction factor is 1 or is not applied. In the case of a temperature range deviating from this, a reduction factor < 1 is specified, so that the maximum permissible charging current of the charging current level is correspondingly reduced.
Furthermore, each charging current level may be assigned a shortest time period, wherein after using a selected charging current level in the charging process, the selected charging current level is not changed until the shortest time period expires.
After starting the charging at the corresponding charging current level, the minimum charging time should be observed, i.e. once the charging current is set, the charging process is continued for at least this minimum period of time. This minimum time length is used to avoid large current variations so that the battery pack can be carefully charged near the end of the charge.
According to the above method, a charging process derived from the method described later is now performed. First, the state of charge of the device battery is determined starting from the current state of charge of the device battery, which can be determined in the battery control device by means of a battery model, such as on the basis of the open-end voltage. One of the current levels specified for the maximum permissible charging current is determined in accordance with the assigned charging profile as a function of the state of charge.
Then, a reduction factor is determined according to the battery pack temperature according to a temperature-dependent reduction function. The reduction factor and the previously determined current level (product) yield a charge current threshold. A charging current level below the determined charging current threshold is selected from a set of predetermined current levels.
This current level is now used to charge the device battery for the shortest period of time.
The selection of one of the charge current levels according to the battery pack temperature and the state of charge may be performed until the battery pack temperature is found to be within the normal temperature range. The above method is repeated in this way, i.e. a reduction factor, a charging current threshold and a corresponding current level below the charging current threshold are determined, and the shortest time period allocated for the charging process is continued with the newly determined current level until the battery temperature (found after the shortest time period has elapsed) is within the normal temperature range.
The charge duration may be prolonged during the application of the reduced current level to the battery pack temperature in the normal temperature range for the heating or cooling of the battery pack. This extension can be compensated for by keeping the last assumed current level corresponding to the current level of the predefined charging profile (reduction factor=1) longer than is specified by the charging profile, i.e. beyond the upper limit of the associated state of charge range.
According to one embodiment, the selected charge current level may be maintained until after the selected charge current level reaches the first unreduced charge current level
The energy difference, which is less supplied during the initial phase of the charging process due to the reduction of the charging current level, is compensated again, or
Until a state of charge, which is assigned to the current levels for the shortest time, is allowed to be charged respectively at the next lower current levels before reaching the fully charged state of the vehicle battery, or
Until the state of charge and a charge duration corresponding to an estimated charge duration before the corresponding state of charge is reached when the assigned charge curve (with the unreduced charge current level) is applied.
The extension of charging at the corresponding current level of the charging curve may be maintained until the energy difference that the device battery is less charged before reaching the current level corresponding to the charging curve is compensated. This compensation can be achieved by: the present charge current level that is first adopted after this decrease is maintained even though a lower current level is specified by the charge curve. Preferably, the charging profile is adjusted during the charging process such that the total charging period (until the desired state of charge (in particular soc=100%) is reached) is not extended.
That is, the current level specified for the current state of charge is maintained taking into account the compensation of the energy difference, irrespective of whether the assigned charging curve specifies a lower current level. Preferably, the extension of the charging at the corresponding current level is implemented such that the shortest charging time of the current level provided for each subsequent lower current level by the charging curve can be respectfully observed before the charging process ends at 100% of the charging state for the subsequent lower current level.
In principle, the above-described method may be performed for a charging process in which the charging process starts at a battery pack temperature that is too low or too high relative to the normal temperature range. Alternatively, however, a method of bringing the temperature of the device battery pack into the normal temperature range more quickly may be provided for a device battery pack in which the battery pack temperature is too high, i.e., the battery pack temperature is higher than the normal temperature range.
This may provide that: in particular, when the battery temperature is higher than the normal temperature range, the selected charging current level is determined by decreasing the charging current level by a predetermined number (for example, 2) to a charging current level lower than the charging current level obtained according to the predetermined charging profile, and after reaching the battery temperature in the normal temperature range, the predetermined charging current level is gradually increased in sequence (i.e., to the next higher charging current level, respectively) until the charging current level obtained from the assigned charging profile is reached.
The method provides that: first starting with a current level that is a predetermined number of levels lower than the current level assigned to the current state of charge according to the assigned charging profile. During the charging process using a charging current of a lower current level, the device battery cools and eventually reaches the normal temperature range. If the shortest charging time of the respectively selected current level is also reached, the device battery is charged with the respectively assigned shortest charging time of the respectively associated charging current level in a step-wise manner with the respectively next higher charging current level until the charging current level provided according to the charging curve is reached.
Alternatively, provision may be made for: when the battery temperature is below the normal temperature range, the selected charging current level is determined by decreasing the charging current level by a predetermined number (e.g., 2) of charging current levels below the charging current level obtained according to the predetermined charging profile, and after reaching the battery temperature in the normal temperature range, the predetermined charging current level is gradually increased in sequence (i.e., to the next higher charging current level, respectively) until the charging current level obtained from the assigned charging profile is reached.
The method described above enables a charging current level, which is predefined by the charging profile, to be maintained for a charging profile adapted to the temperature conditions of the device battery, with the aim of reducing the aging of the device battery during the charging process under extreme temperature conditions and at the same time adhering to a correspondingly predefined charging period.
Drawings
Embodiments are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle having a vehicle battery pack;
fig. 2 shows a flowchart illustrating a method for performing a charging process using a charging curve adapted to a battery pack temperature;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a charging curve obtained for a device battery from a manufacturer or by cloud-or fleet-based adaptation or optimization;
FIG. 4 illustrates an example graph of a reduction function for providing a reduction factor;
fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a charging curve generated by a charging process in the case where the charging start temperature is low; and
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a charging curve generated by a charging process in the case where the charging start temperature is high.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle 1 as an example of a technical device having a vehicle battery pack 2 as a device battery pack. The electric vehicle 1 has a battery control device 3 which can record operating variables of the vehicle battery and control the current flowing into the vehicle battery 2 during the charging process.
For charging the vehicle battery 2, the electric vehicle 1 is connected to a charging station 4, which provides electrical energy for charging the vehicle battery 2. The amount of electric power supplied to the vehicle battery pack 2 is controlled by the battery pack control device 3. A temperature sensor 5 is also provided which registers the battery pack temperature.
The vehicle battery pack 2 is assigned a charging curve that specifies a maximum permissible charging current I as a function of the respective state of charge SOC charg . Fig. 3 shows an exemplary charge curve change. Maximum allowable charging current I charg Considered as a charging curve, it is possible to use different predefined current levels N1 to N6. The current levels N1 to N6 are fixedly predefined. The charging curve is stepped and, for example, for a normal charging provision: between a nearly empty state of the vehicle battery pack 2 (in the case of a low state of charge SOC) and a fully charged state of the vehicle battery pack 2, starting from the highest current level N1 and proceeding to the lowest current level N6. These current levels are employed for the correspondingly provided charge state ranges, respectively, and specify a maximum allowable charge current that is typically provided as a charge current when charging is started within a normal temperature range.
In addition, the minimum charging times are predefined for these current levels, which should not be less than during the charging process using the charging currents of the corresponding current levels. In general, a maximum allowable charging current, which is predetermined by the current level, is used as a charging current for charging the vehicle battery pack 2 by the connected charging station 4 in accordance with availability.
Since the predefined charging profile does not take into account the battery pack temperature, and in particular very low and very high temperatures, in particular in the case of high charging currents in the low state of charge provided by conventional predefined charging profiles, lead to particularly high aging of the vehicle battery pack, provision is made for: the charging process is performed in accordance with the method described later.
The method is preferably implemented in the battery control device 3 and is based on a predefined charging profile, a reduction function with respect to a reduction of the maximum allowable charging current as a function of the battery temperature. The reduction function may be predefined in the form of a table or a characteristic curve. The characteristic curves as a function of the reduction are shown by way of example in fig. 4. The characteristic curve predefines a reduction factor by which the maximum charging current should be reduced at least when the present battery temperature is outside the normal temperature range. In the example shown, the normal temperature range corresponds to 15-35 ℃. Alternatively, the reduction function may be predefined as a table, which predefines various reduction factors for specific temperature ranges outside the normal temperature range.
In step S1, it is first checked whether the charging process is started. This is typically identified by the battery pack control device 3 based on the insertion/connection of the charging cable. If a charging process is identified (option: yes), the method continues with step S2, otherwise (option: no) the method jumps back to step S1.
In step S2, the battery pack temperature is determined by means of the temperature sensor 5.
In step S3, it is checked whether the battery pack temperature is outside a normal temperature range, for example, 15 to 35 ℃. If this is the case (option: yes), the method is continued with step S4, otherwise (option: no) the method is continued with step S15.
In step S4, it is checked whether the battery pack temperature is lower than the normal temperature range. If this is the case (option: yes), the method is continued with step S5, otherwise (option: no) the method is continued with step S10.
The current state of charge is determined in step S5. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a predefined OCV characteristic curve as a function of the measured open-end voltage of the vehicle battery pack 2.
In step S6, a charging current level is determined. For this purpose, a charging current threshold is determined, which is derived from the charging current level of the associated charging curve for the current state of charge of the vehicle battery 2 and a reduction factor, which is dependent on the battery temperature and is determined by a predefined reduction function. The next lower current level is now selected from the predefined current levels with respect to the charging current threshold.
In step S7, charging is performed using a charging current corresponding to the selected charging current level.
In step S8 it is checked whether the present charge current level has been used for at least the shortest time period assigned to the charge current level. If this is the case (option: yes), the method continues with step S8. Otherwise (option: no), the charging is continued at the corresponding charging current level in step S7.
In the next step S9, it is checked whether the battery pack temperature is within a normal temperature range. If this is the case (option: yes), the method continues with step S15. Otherwise (option: no), the process goes back to step S5.
In the event of an excessively low or excessively high battery pack temperature, the charging current level is thus gradually increased to a current level predefined by the associated charging curve. For this purpose, the assigned charging curve for the current levels N1 to N6 in fig. 5 shows, for example, a charging curve N1'-N6' (shown in dashed lines) that is produced when the battery temperature is too low at the beginning of the charging process.
In step S15, the charging is performed using the charge current level of the assigned charge curve. The duration of time maintained by the corresponding charge current level corresponds to at least the shortest duration of time. Preferably, however, the charge current level is maintained until
The energy difference, which is less supplied during the initial phase of the charging process due to the reduction of the charging current level, is compensated again, or
Until a state of charge allowing charging at a next lower current level before reaching a fully charged state of the vehicle battery, wherein the vehicle battery may be charged at each of these lower current levels during the shortest time period allocated to that current level, or
-up to a state of charge and a charge duration corresponding to an estimated charge duration before reaching the corresponding state of charge when the assigned charge curve is applied.
In order to determine the energy difference of the undercharge, the difference between the actually used current level and the charging current of the current level predefined by the assigned charging curve is integrated over time until the normal temperature range is reached. Correspondingly, the current level adopted after the normal temperature range is reached is maintained until the energy difference is obtained by time integration of the current difference between the adopted current level and the current level predefined by the assigned charging curve.
The state of charge that allows charging at a next lower current level before reaching the fully charged state of the vehicle battery is determined by: the amounts of electricity, which are derived from the lower current levels and the shortest time allotted to these current levels relative to the current levels taken after the normal temperature range is reached, are subtracted from the state of charge, which is 100% of the maximum charge.
Then, in step S16, the charging process is continued at a next lower current level, which is predetermined from the predetermined charging profile for the vehicle battery pack, until the charging is completed.
In principle, the method can be performed in a corresponding manner when the battery pack temperature is too high. According to an alternative method described herein, in step S10, after the battery pack temperature is found to be too high, a charging current level is first selected which is lower by a predetermined number of current levels than the charging current level predetermined according to the current state of charge and the assigned charging profile, and the charging process is started. Then, the cooling of the vehicle battery pack 2 is monitored in step S11 until the battery pack temperature has reached the normal temperature range.
If in step S11 it is found that the normal temperature range has been reached and that the shortest charging time of the selected current level has been reached, then in step S12 the next higher charging current level is selected for the predetermined shortest charging time assigned to the charging current level and the charging process is continued accordingly.
In step S13, it is checked whether the charging current level associated with the predefined charging curve has been reached with the next increase. If this is the case (option: yes), the method continues with step S15, otherwise (option: no) the method jumps back to step S12.
A charging curve resulting from applying this alternative method to an excessively high battery pack temperature at the beginning of the charging process is illustrated in fig. 6. The charge curves assigned to the current levels N1 to N6 in fig. 6 show the charge curves N1'-N6' (shown in dashed lines) that are produced when the battery temperature is too high at the beginning of the charging process.

Claims (9)

1. A method for performing a charging process of a device battery (2) of a technical device (1), the method having the steps of:
-providing a charging curve, which charging curve predefines a charging current level (N1-N6) as a function of a charging state range of the device battery (2), wherein the charging current level is fixedly predesignated and specifies a maximum allowable charging current;
-recording (S2, S5) the battery pack temperature and the current state of charge;
-selecting (S6) one of the charging current levels as a function of the battery temperature and the state of charge when the battery temperature is found to be outside a normal temperature range, wherein the selected charging current level is below, in particular immediately below, a charging current level predefined in the current state of charge by the provided charging curve;
-charging the device battery (2) at the selected charging current level.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the selected charging current level results from a decrease in the charging current level obtained for the current state of charge according to the assigned charging curve, corresponding to a decrease factor dependent on the battery temperature, wherein the decrease factor is determined in particular by means of a predefined decrease function, when the battery temperature deviates from the normal temperature range, in particular when the battery temperature is below the normal temperature range.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein each charging current level is assigned a shortest time period, wherein after using the selected charging current level in a charging process, the selected charging current level is not changed until the shortest time period expires.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the selection of one of the charge current levels according to the battery temperature and the state of charge is performed until the battery temperature is found to be within the normal temperature range.
5. Method according to any of claims 3 to 4, wherein the selected charging current level is derived from a charging current level being reduced by a predetermined amount below a charging current level obtained according to the charging curve when the battery temperature is outside the normal temperature range, in particular when the battery temperature is above the normal temperature range, and the charging current level is gradually increased in sequence after reaching the battery temperature within the normal temperature range until the charging current level derived from the assigned charging curve is reached.
6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein the selected charge current level is maintained until after the selected charge current level reaches the charge current level
The energy difference, which is less supplied during the initial phase of the charging process due to the reduction of the charging current level, is compensated again, or
-until the charge state of the shortest duration assigned to these current levels is allowed to be charged respectively at the next lower current levels before reaching the fully charged state of the device battery (2), or
-up to a state of charge and a charge duration corresponding to an estimated charge duration before reaching the corresponding state of charge when the assigned charge curve is applied.
7. An apparatus for performing the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
CN202310136334.0A 2022-02-22 2023-02-20 Method and apparatus for performing a device battery charging procedure of a battery powered device Pending CN116646999A (en)

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DE102016212762A1 (en) 2016-07-13 2018-01-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for fast charging a high voltage energy storage
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