CN116638105A - 一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法,系统主要包括熔覆平台、可实现清洁与随动冷却的可变宽度的干冰冷源喷射装置、随动普通喷丸装置、红外测温装置、粉末收集装置、计算机控制平台。所述激光头上通过键连接安装有滚环;所述干冰冷源安装于滚环上以实现自由转动,干冰冷源宽度随熔覆过程中的拉伸应力而变化,该过程通过计算机仿真模拟获得数据,从而对干冰冷源宽度进行调控,实现对残余应力的精准控制;所述喷丸装置置于冷源之后,实现同步后处理,也避免了操作过程的繁琐;所述粉末收集装置安装于整个装置的最下方,可以对操作过程中的粉尘进行吸收收集,改善工作环境以及喷丸回收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法,具体涉及一种激光熔覆过程中随动冷却与喷丸强化处理,属于激光增材制造领域。
背景技术
增材制造技术不同于传统的减法加工过程,是基于材料的增量制造,利用三维模型数据,将材料一层一层连接起来制作成物体的过程。增材制造技术集成了数字化技术、制造技术、激光技术以及新材料技术等多个学科技术,具有设计和制造一体化、加工精度高、制造周期短,产品物理化学性能优异等特点。
激光熔覆成形过程中温度梯度作用和材料组分非均匀性,导致成形构件不可避免地存在应力与应变的演变,会导致制造的构件出现裂纹和变形等问题,并且,当构件处于较高残余应力状态时,也会影响构件的静力学与疲劳性能,最终影响到构件的服役性能与安全性;在成型过程中,熔覆温度高,冷却速度慢,容易造成热积累,使基板翘曲,降低成型质量,同时激光熔覆相异于传统加工工艺,不能使用冷却液对工件进行降温冷却。大多激光熔覆装置通过工艺参数调整来进行优化,或是功能单一,缺少在连续焊道之间引入冷却与喷丸处理的复合设备。
发明内容
针对熔覆过程中,熔覆温度高,冷却速度慢,冷却介质的限制,存在较高残余应力的问题,本发明提出了一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法,通过计算机仿真获得数据,从而对干冰冷源宽度进行调控,实现对冷源区域的精确控制,达到控制纵向残余应力与随动冷却的作用。喷丸装置用于实现连续焊道之间的后处理,同时避免了操作过程的繁琐。喷丸粉尘收集装置的设置改善工作环境。
为了达到上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法,其特征在于:主要包括熔覆平台、可实现清洁与随动冷却的可变宽度的干冰冷源喷射装置、同步喷丸装置、红外测温装置、粉末收集装置、计算机控制平台。
进一步的激光熔覆头上通过平键限制滚环径向转动,且通过顶丝固定。
进一步的冷源中心距离熔池中心通过滚环的半径决定,为30~40mm,因为冷源中心与熔池中心的距离对熔覆残余应力应变和接头组织有明显影响,所述距离设置是较优冷却距离。
进一步的红外测温仪安装于滚轮上,用于实时监测熔覆过程中的温度,所得数据反馈信息给计算机。
进一步的冷源前方安装有挡板,用于阻拦干冰颗粒喷入熔池。
进一步的在计算机控制平台中通过输入熔覆功率、熔覆送粉率、熔覆速率等数据,对熔覆过程进行仿真,获得拉伸应力宽度数据库。在熔覆过程中,采用高纯度氩气作为保护气体,同时,依据计算机控制平台所得数据库,通过小电机对冷源喷头宽度进行调整,使冷源宽度大于拉伸应力,实现对冷源区域的精确控制,达到控制纵向残余应力与随动冷却的作用。
进一步的喷丸装置置于冷源之后,实现连续熔覆层之间进行处理,降低构件残余应力,同时避免了操作过程的繁琐。
进一步的扇叶通过运转吸收操作过程中的喷丸以及粉尘,喷丸及粉尘通过隔板上的孔洞进入下方,经过倾斜滤网收集于收集盒中,过滤后的空气从排气口排出,可以改善工作环境以及实现喷丸回收。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明公开的一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法,通过计算机对熔覆过程应力应变进行仿真预测,以获得拉伸应力宽度数据库,进而在熔覆过程中对干冰冷源宽度进行调控,使干冰冷源宽度大于拉伸应力宽度,达到对纵向残余应力的有效控制。利用干冰作为冷却介质,不仅仅作为随动冷却介质存在,也可以实现在熔覆前后对构件进行清洁。喷丸装置置于冷源之后,实现连续焊道之间同步后处理,改善机械零件的疲劳强度、耐磨性和粗糙度等性能,减少了制件的繁琐过程,提高效率。传统喷丸过程粉尘大,工作环境差,所述扇叶通过运转吸收操作做过程中的喷丸以及粉尘,喷丸及粉尘通过隔板上的孔洞进入下方,经过倾斜滤网收集于收集盒中,过滤后的空气从排气口排出,可以改善工作环境以及实现喷丸回收。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置示意图;
图2是冷源喷头结构示意图;
图中编号表示:1-计算机控制平台;2-红外测温仪;3-激光器;4-激光熔覆头;5-滚环;6-干冰冷源机;7-冷源喷头;8-喷丸机;9-喷丸头;10-工件;11-基板;12-隔板;13-滤网;14-收集盒;15-扇叶;16-排气口;17-挡板;2-1-干冰冷源接口;2-2-干冰冷源喷头壳体;2-3-喷头第一可移动外壳;2-4-喷头第二可移动外壳;2-5-冷源宽度控制电机。
具体实施方式
下面就结合附图对本发明具体实施例进行更进一步的描述,促使本发明解决的技术问题、采用的技术方案和达到的技术效果得到清晰阐释。以下对激光熔覆制造梯度材料为例,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而非所有的实施例。该实施例不作为对本发明及其应用领域或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本实施例的描述中,术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述和简化操作,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。在本发明的描述中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1所示,一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法,其特征在于,主要包括熔覆平台、可实现清洁与降温的可变宽度的干冰冷源喷射装置、同步喷丸装置、红外测温装置、粉末收集装置、计算机控制平台。所述激光熔覆头4上通过平键限制滚环5径向转动,且通过顶丝固定;所述红外测温仪2用于实时监测熔覆过程中的温度,所得数据反馈信息给计算机控制平台1;所述干冰冷源喷头7安装于滚环5上以实现自由转动,干冰冷源喷头7宽度随熔覆过程中的拉伸应力而变化,该过程通过计算机控制平台1仿真获得数据,从而对干冰冷源喷头7宽度进行调控,实现对冷源区域的精确控制,达到控制纵向残余应力与随动冷却的作用。;所述喷丸装置9置于冷源之后,实现连续熔覆层之间的同步后处理;所述扇叶15通过运转吸收操作做过程中的喷丸以及粉尘,喷丸及粉尘通过隔板12上的孔洞进入下方,经过倾斜滤网13收集于收集盒14中,过滤后的空气从排气口16排出,可以改善工作环境以及实现喷丸回收。
具体的,在激光增材制造前,可以使用干冰冷源喷头4所喷出的干冰对基板进行清洁,营造一个良好的熔覆环境。
具体的,红外测温仪2安装于滚环上,用于实时监测熔覆过程中的温度,所得数据反馈信息给计算机控制平台1。
具体的,挡板17安装于冷源喷头7前,避免干冰颗粒喷入熔池。
具体的,在计算机控制平台中通过输入熔覆功率、熔覆送粉率、熔覆速率等数据,对熔覆过程进行仿真,获得拉伸应力宽度数据库。在熔覆过程中,采用高纯度氩气作为保护气,同时,依据计算机控制平台所得数据库,通过小电机对冷源喷头宽度进行调整,使冷源宽度大于拉伸应力,实现对冷源区域的精确控制,达到控制纵向残余应力与随动冷却的作用。
具体的,喷丸头9通过计算机控制平台1所编写的扫描路径,对熔覆层进行喷丸强化处理,实现在连续焊道之间引入喷丸处理,进一步强化制件。
具体的,在熔覆过程中,扇叶15通过运转吸收操作过程中的喷丸以及粉尘,喷丸及粉尘通过隔板12上的孔洞进入下方,经过倾斜滤网13收集于收集盒14中,过滤后的空气从排气口16排出,可以改善工作环境以及实现喷丸回收。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为了清楚说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法,其特征在于,包括1-计算机控制平台、2-红外测温仪、3-激光器、4-激光熔覆头、5-滚环、6-干冰冷源机、7-冷源喷头、8-喷丸机、9-喷丸头、10-工件、11-基板、12-隔板、13-滤网、14-收集盒、15-扇叶、16-排气口、17-挡板、18-氩气瓶、2-1-干冰冷源接口、2-2-干冰冷源喷头壳体、2-3-喷头第一可移动外壳、2-4-喷头第二可移动外壳、2-5-冷源宽度控制电机。所述激光熔覆头(4)上通过平键限制滚环(5)径向转动,且通过顶丝固定;所述挡板(17)安装于冷源喷头(7)前方,且挡板下方并排安装有倾斜喷氩气气口;所述干冰冷源喷头(7)安装于滚环(5)上,干冰冷源喷头(7)中心距离熔池中心通过滚环固定为30~40mm,干冰冷源喷头(7)宽度随熔覆情况而变动。所述喷丸装置(9)置于冷源之后,实现在连续焊道之间引入后处理;所述红外测温仪(2)用于实时监测熔覆过程中的温度,所得数据反馈给计算机控制平台(1);所述扇叶(15)通过运转吸收操作过程中的喷丸以及粉尘,喷丸及粉尘通过隔板(12)上的孔洞进入下方,经过倾斜滤网(13)收集于收集盒(14)中,过滤后的空气从排气口(16)排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用于激光熔覆过程残余应力调控的复合喷丸装置及方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤一,基板(11)置于隔板(12)上后,首先启动干冰冷源机(6),使用冷源喷头(7)对基板(11)表面进行清洁,同时,冷源喷头(7)可以通过滚环(5)的带动,自动清洁所需要清洁的区域;
步骤二,在计算机控制平台(1)中通过输入熔覆功率、熔覆送粉率、熔覆速率等数据,对熔覆过程进行仿真,获得拉伸应力宽度数据库。在熔覆过程中,红外测温仪(2)实时监控熔覆过程,获得数据库,传给计算机控制平台(1),依据计算机控制平台(1)所得数据库,通过小电机(2-5)对冷源喷头(7)宽度进行调整,使冷源宽度大于拉伸应力,实现对冷源区域的精确控制,达到控制纵向残余应力与随动冷却的作用。干冰颗粒由压缩空气带动喷射,喷射速度控制在50kg/h左右,为了避免干冰颗粒喷入熔池,在冷源前方安装挡板(17),且挡板下方并排安装有倾斜氩气喷气口;
步骤三,在进行完一道熔覆之后,启动喷丸机(8),使用普通喷丸头(9)对该熔覆层进行及时的后处理,进一步消除内部应力,在该过程中,同时启动扇叶(15)运转,吸收喷丸粉末收集于收集盒中(14),改善操作环境,同时回收利用喷丸。
步骤四,利用冷源喷头(7)对熔覆层进行清洁,完成后,再次进行下一层的熔覆,重复上述操作,直至完成目标。
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