CN116633742A - Dual-function radar communication design method based on direction modulation - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
- H04L27/20—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention provides a dual-function radar communication design method based on direction modulation, which relates to the technical field of radar communication and comprises the following steps: establishing a transmitting and receiving signal model of a dual-function radar communication system, wherein a transmitting array comprises a plurality of transmitting antennas which are arranged in a uniform linear array; establishing a corresponding radar target detection index and a corresponding receiving index of a communication receiver according to the transmitting and receiving signal model; the modulation is performed while fixing the beam level in the communication direction so that the maximum transmission power is reached in the main lobe radar direction, and constellation points are scrambled in other directions than the communication direction. The phase modulation is carried out while the beam level is fixed in the communication direction, and the phase positions are disordered in other directions, so that not only is the low error rate realized in the communication direction ensured, but also the information symbol is prevented from being lost due to the too low level, and the communication function can be better combined with the radar system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar communication, in particular to a dual-function radar communication design method based on direction modulation.
Background
At present, the rapid development of global communication technology leads to the rapid increase of the number of communication terminals, which causes more and more people to study radar communication integration, the integrated design of radar communication not only can relieve the frequency spectrum competition between radar and communication, but also can reduce the platform volume and improve the frequency spectrum utilization rate of cognitive radar, and the prior study proposes embedding hidden communication signals in the environmental dispersion of incident radar pulse to convert the incident radar waveform into one of K communication waveforms, wherein each communication waveform represents certain preset information. There is also research on embedding communication signals into radar transmission, and information embedding is realized by designing a set of transmission weight vectors, performing amplitude modulation on side lobes while guaranteeing the maximum transmission power of a main lobe of the radar, and embedding communication information into the amplitude. Recent research has integrated radar communication technology with other new types of communication technology, potentially with positive impact on the wireless network future.
In the existing radar communication integrated design, in order to realize radar communication sharing a waveform, two methods of amplitude modulation and phase modulation are adopted to embed communication information into the radar waveform: one disadvantage of amplitude modulation is that the distinguishable side lobe amplitude interval design in the communication direction forces the side lobe level to be at a very low level, and the too low level is unfavorable for communication transmission and can lead to a great increase in error rate; the inventors have also found in the course of implementing the invention that: the method for embedding communication information by phase modulation in the communication direction, which has been proposed in the past, only focuses on the design of the communication direction, and causes the problem that the error rate is relatively low in all directions, so that the safety of communication cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art or related technologies, and discloses a dual-function radar communication design method based on direction modulation.
The first aspect of the invention discloses a method for designing a dual-function radar communication based on directional modulation, which comprises the following steps: establishing a transmitting and receiving signal model of a dual-function radar communication system, wherein a transmitting array comprises a plurality of transmitting antennas which are arranged in a uniform linear array; establishing a corresponding radar target detection index and a corresponding receiving index of a communication receiver according to the transmitting and receiving signal model; the modulation is performed while fixing the beam level in the communication direction so that the maximum transmission power is reached in the main lobe radar direction, and constellation points are scrambled in other directions than the communication direction.
In the technical scheme, the direction modulation adopted by the invention is different from the traditional physical layer security problem of applying interference by scaling directional power, the direction modulation directly designs received symbols at a user, projects digital modulation constellation signals to a predefined space direction (legal security communication direction), and simultaneously scrambles constellations at other places in free space. Even if the eavesdropper and the user's channel are correlated, the eavesdropper's reception performance may be degraded by intentionally applying destructive interference to the eavesdropper. The invention combines the directional modulation technology, can well embed communication into a radar system, realizes modulation in the communication direction, and interferes with the phase value in other directions without affecting the main radar function.
According to the method for designing the communication of the dual-function radar based on the direction modulation, preferably, the signal received by the communication receiver is:
the signal received by the radar receiver is:
wherein , represents the weight vector for the response in transmitting the q-th signal, H represents the matrix transpose operation, K represents the number of far-field targets in the range of the radar main beam,mean of 0 variance ofIs the additive white Gaussian noise of the antenna, B is the steering vector of the receiving end, and the transmitting direction of the transmitting antenna，Respectively a communication direction, a radar main lobe direction and a side lobe direction,respectively a transmitting end communication steering vector, a radar main lobe steering vector and a side lobe steering vector,is the angular frequency.
According to the method for designing the dual-function radar communication based on the direction modulation disclosed by the invention, preferably, the step of establishing the radar target detection index and the receiving index of the communication receiver specifically comprises the following steps: for communication performance, inThe direction, the communication performance is measured by calculating the error rate, a large number of modulation symbols are generated for transmission, and the minimum euclidean distance between the obtained constellation symbol and the ideal constellation symbol in IQ space is used as a demodulation standard at the receiver side; regarding radar performance, the detection probability is used as a performance index, and the useful signal power of a radar receiving end is as follows:
wherein, additive white Gaussian noise added to the receiving end is usedAnd (3) representing.
According to the method for designing the dual-function radar communication based on the direction modulation disclosed by the invention, preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: according to the signal-to-noise ratio andcalculating noise signal n to obtain threshold valueThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Correlating received signal power with a thresholdComparing if the threshold is exceededThe presence of the target is declared, otherwise, it is declared as not present.
According to the method for designing the dual-function radar communication based on the directional modulation, preferably, the steps of modulating and scrambling constellation points meet the following conditions:
wherein ,the method is characterized in that the expected responses of a communication area, a radar main lobe area and a side lobe area are respectively obtained, the amplitude of the communication direction floats up and down at the peak level of the side lobe, and an objective function is used for guaranteeing the phase confusion and constraint conditions of the side lobe areaEnabling modulation of communication direction and level to be desired value, equality constraintEnsure the maximum transmitting power of the main lobeRate, and phase values are random.
Preferably, in order to solve the problem of non-convex optimization, a set of auxiliary coefficients k (1*r vector) is introduced, whereinThe optimization problem can be expressed as:
constraint conditionsThe following can be relaxed:
where Re represents the value of the real part used for calculation, by increasing the number of iterations,the variation between adjacent steps is small, and thereforeThe virtual part will become very small, even negligible, and the final optimization problem is designed as:
the iterative process comprises the following steps:
1) Initialization ofIs derived from the following formula:
2) i=0, the value of k is calculated,；
3) i=i+1, in the ith iteration, by the formula:
determination ofThe k value is calculated from the i-1 th iteration;
4) The iterative process 3) is repeated until the objective function converges.
According to the method for designing the dual-function radar communication based on the directional modulation disclosed by the invention, preferably, the modulation mode comprises the following steps: BPSK, QPSK, and QAM.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise: the phase modulation is carried out while the beam level is fixed in the communication direction, and the phase positions are disordered in other directions, so that not only is the low error rate realized in the communication mode ensured, but also the information symbol is not lost due to the excessively low level, the communication is well embedded into the radar system, the modulation is realized in the communication direction, and the phase value is interfered in other directions under the condition that the main radar function is not influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a directional modulation system in comparison with a conventional transmitter architecture according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a transmitting end structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a beam response diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a phase response according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of objective function values versus iteration number according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of radar performance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a bit error rate diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 shows a bit error rate versus schematic diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1, the direction modulation adopted by the present invention is different from the conventional physical layer security problem of applying interference by scaling directional power, and the direction modulation system directly designs received symbols at a user, projects digital modulation constellation signals to a predefined spatial direction (legal secure communication direction), and simultaneously scrambles the constellation elsewhere in free space. Even if the eavesdropper and the user's channel are correlated, the eavesdropper's reception performance may be degraded by intentionally applying destructive interference to the eavesdropper. The invention is based on the direction modulation technology, well embeds communication into the radar system, realizes QPSK modulation in the communication direction, and interferes the phase value in other directions without affecting the main radar function, and the dual-function radar communication design method based on the direction modulation disclosed by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, a transmitting and receiving signal model of a difunctional radar-communication system is established, and a transmitting array comprises N transmitting antennas which are arranged in a uniform linear array. Direction of emission，The communication direction, the radar main lobe direction and the side lobe direction, respectively, as above,respectively a transmitting end communication steering vector, a radar main lobe steering vector and a sidelobe steering vector, whereinIs the angular frequency.For representing the weight vector of the nth antenna. For a communication receiver, the received signals are:
(1)
the signal received by the radar receiver is:
(2)
wherein , representing the weight vector of the response to transmitting the qth signal, H representing the matrix transpose operation, K representing the number of far-field targets in the range of the radar main beam, whereMean of 0 variance ofAdditive white gaussian noise of (2); b is the receiving end steering vector.
Step 2: and establishing a corresponding radar target detection index and a corresponding receiving index of the communication receiver according to the model. For communication performance, inDirection, communication performance is measured by calculating Bit Error Rate (BER), wherein a large number of modulation symbols are generated for transmission, and the obtained constellation symbols are used at the receiver side with ideal constellation in IQ spaceThe minimum Euclidean distance between symbols is used as a demodulation standard; the detection probability is taken as the detection performance for radar performance. The useful signal power of the radar receiving end is as follows:
(3)
for use hereinFor additive white gaussian noise represented and added to the receiving endAnd (3) representing. The invention sets the false alarm rate according to the SNR and sumCalculating the noise signal n to obtain a threshold value. Correlating received signal power with a thresholdA comparison is made. If the threshold is exceededDeclaring the presence of a target; otherwise, it will be declared as absent.
Step 3: according to the structure construction optimization problem, the invention fixes the level in the communication direction, simultaneously carries out QPSK modulation, ensures the maximum transmitting power in the main lobe radar direction, carries out scrambling on constellation points in other directions except the communication direction, and designs the transmitting vectorMeeting the above requirements, the optimization problem can be expressed as:
(4)
wherein Desired response to communication direction for communication, radar main lobe and side lobe region, respectivelyToo high an amplitude would occupy too much transmit power to affect radar target performance detection, while too low an amplitude would affect symbol detection at the receiving end of the communication, so reasonable amplitude selection in the communication direction should be truly floating up and down the peak level of the side lobe. The objective function ensures the phase confusion and constraint conditions of the side lobe areaEnabling communication direction to implement QPSK modulation and level to be desired value, equation constraintThe maximum transmitting power of the main lobe is ensured, and the phase value is random.
Step 4: to solve the above-mentioned non-convex optimization problem, the present invention first introduces a set of auxiliary coefficients k (vectors of 1*r), whereinThe optimization problem can be expressed as:
(5)
the above constraintThe following can be relaxed:
(6)
where Re represents the value of the real part used for calculation, by increasing the number of iterations,the variation between adjacent steps is small, and thereforeThe virtual part will become very small, even negligible, and the final optimization problem is designed as:
(7)
the iterative process may represent:
1) First initializeIs derived from equation (8).
(8)
2) i=0, the value of k is calculated,（the value of (2) is derived from the first step).
3) i=i+1, in the ith iteration, it is found by the formula (7)The value of (k is calculated from the i-1 th iteration).
4) The iterative process 3) is repeated until the objective function converges.
According to the embodiment, the structure diagram of the transmitting end of the dual-function radar system based on direction modulation disclosed in the invention is shown in fig. 2, and the radar main lobe is assumed to point 90 DEG, one target is located in the radar direction, the false alarm rate is set to be 0.015, and the transmission is 10 7 The number of symbols was used for experiments with the communication direction pointing at 40 °, the communication direction level was set at-20.00 dB, and the four magnitudes of the comparison method were set at-20.00 dB, -21.80dB, -24.81dB, -40.00dB, respectively. The present invention discloses directional modulation based as shown in fig. 3 and 4, respectivelyThe beam pattern and phase diagram of the dual-function radar communication system, as shown in fig. 3, for four different symbols, the main lobe points to 90 °, as shown in fig. 4, the communication direction phases also conform to QPSK modulation, respectively 45 °,135 °, and-45 °, and the phase values in other directions are chaotic. FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the objective function value and the number of iterations, which have converged at 20 iterations, as shown in Table 1With the change of the real part and the imaginary part of the iteration times, the imaginary part becomes smaller at an exponential speed with the increase of the iteration times, and the imaginary part becomes-2.311 multiplied by 10 when the iteration is performed 100 times -12 ：
| Number of iterations | 1 | 50 | 100 |
| (symbol 00) real part | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| (symbol 00) imaginary part | -8.01×10 -2 | -4.071×10 -6 | -2.313×10 -12 |
| (symbol 01) real part | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| (symbol 01) imaginary part | 2.670×10 -2 | 1.850×10 -6 | 4.800×10 -12 |
| (symbol 11) real part | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| (symbol 11) imaginary part | -4.520×10 -1 | -1.673×10 -12 | -7.336×10 -13 |
| (symbol 10) real part | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| (symbol 10) imaginary part | 2.801×10 -1 | 3.724×10 -12 | 8.997×10 -13 |
TABLE 1Variation of real and imaginary parts with iteration number
At this time, it can be considered that the real part can be replacedThe imaginary part is negligible. Fig. 6 shows the radar target detection probability, when the SNR reaches 1dB, the detection probability reaches 1, and the two methods have the same curves, which indicates that the communication information is embedded in the side lobe, so that the function of the main lobe radar is not affected. Fig. 7 shows that the error rate of the design method disclosed by the invention is very low only in the communication direction, and the error rates in other directions are all at very high level, so that the transmission safety is ensured not to be eavesdropped in other directions. Fig. 8 is a comparison of the error rate of the design method disclosed by the invention and the sidelobe control method in the communication direction, and the error rate of the design method is obviously lower than that of the sidelobe control method.
All or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments may be performed by controlling related hardware by a program, which may be stored in a readable storage medium including Read-Only Memory (ROM), random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), programmable Read-Only Memory (Programmable Read-Only Memory, PROM), erasable programmable Read-Only Memory (ErasableProgrammable Read Only Memory, EPROM), one-time programmable Read-Only Memory (One-timeProgrammable Read-Only Memory, OTPROM), electrically erasable rewritable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), compact disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk Memory, magnetic disk Memory, tape Memory, or any other medium capable of being used for carrying or storing data.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of designing a dual-function radar communication based on directional modulation, comprising:
establishing a transmitting and receiving signal model of a dual-function radar communication system, wherein a transmitting array comprises a plurality of transmitting antennas which are arranged in a uniform linear array;
establishing a corresponding radar target detection index and a corresponding receiving index of a communication receiver according to the transmitting and receiving signal model;
the modulation is performed while fixing the beam level in the communication direction so that the maximum transmission power is reached in the main lobe radar direction, and constellation points are scrambled in other directions than the communication direction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal received by the communication receiver is:
the signal received by the radar receiver is:
wherein ,representing the weight vector of the response to the transmission of the q-th signal, H being the matrix transpose operator, K representing the number of far-field targets in the radar main beam range, +.>Mean 0 variance +.>Is the additive white Gaussian noise of the receiving terminal, B is the steering vector of the receiving terminal, and the transmitting direction of the transmitting antenna is +.>，/>The communication direction and the radar main lobe direction are respectively,communication steering vectors and radar main lobe steering vectors of the transmitting end and the radar main lobe steering vectors of the transmitting end are respectively->Is the angular frequency.
3. The method for designing a dual-function radar communication based on directional modulation according to claim 2, wherein the step of establishing a radar target detection index and a reception index of the communication receiver specifically comprises:
for communication performance, inThe direction, measure the communication performance by calculating the bit error rate, generate a large number of modulation symbols for transmission, and use the minimum euclidean distance between the obtained constellation symbol and ideal constellation symbol as a demodulation standard at the receiver side;
for radar performance, the detection probability is used as a performance index, and the useful signal power of a radar receiving end isThe expression is as follows:
。
4. the direction modulation based dual function radar communication design method according to claim 3, further comprising:
according to the signal-to-noise ratio andcalculating noise signal n to obtain threshold +.>；
Correlating received signal power with a thresholdComparing if the threshold value is exceeded>The presence of the target is declared, otherwise, it is declared as not present.
5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the modulating step and the constellation point scrambling step satisfy the following conditions:
wherein ,/>Steering vector for sidelobe region, +.>The expected responses of the communication, the radar main lobe and the side lobe area are respectively, the amplitude of the communication direction floats up and down at the peak level of the side lobe, the objective function is used for ensuring the phase confusion of the side lobe area, the constraint condition is->Let the communication direction achieve modulation and the level be the desired value, equality constraint +.>The maximum transmitting power of the main lobe is ensured, and the phase value is random.
6. The method of designing a direction modulation based dual function radar communication according to claim 5, wherein to solve the non-convex optimization problem, a set of auxiliary coefficients k are introduced, whereinThe optimization problem can be expressed as:
constraint conditionsThe following can be relaxed:
where Re represents the value of the real part used for calculation, by increasing the number of iterations,the variation between adjacent steps is small, therefore +.>The virtual part will become very small, even negligible, and the final optimization problem is designed as:
the iterative process comprises the following steps:
1) Initialization ofIs derived from the following formula:
2) i=0, the value of k is calculated,；
3) i=i+1, in the ith iteration, by the formula:
determination ofThe k value is calculated from the i-1 th iteration;
4) The iterative process 3) is repeated until the objective function converges.
7. The direction modulation based dual function radar communication design method according to claim 1, wherein the modulation mode comprises: BPSK, QPSK, and QAM.
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| CN117665709A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-03-08 | 天津师范大学 | Distributed antenna array dual-function radar communication design method based on direction modulation |
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