CN116628998B - Rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a random raindrop of a terrain grid surface; s2: on the basis of S1, correspondingly increasing the density and the number of the raindrops according to the actual rainfall, and obtaining the flow paths of all the rainwater on the terrain slope, the target area and the water collecting model nearby the target area through simulation; s3: analyzing rainfall catchment through a visual programming language, and converging the rainwater to obtain an integral model of a target area and the nearby converging; s4: extracting the starting point of each catchment line to form a topographic point cloud, wherein the point cloud area is a target area and a catchment area nearby the target area; s5: projecting the catchment area onto a plan to obtain a final catchment area; s6: and after the rainfall intensity of the area is obtained, the total precipitation amount of the water collecting area can be calculated. The invention is beneficial to calculating and analyzing the water collecting condition of mountain areas under the rainfall condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas.
Background
With the rapid development of traffic industry in China, more and more infrastructures are built in southwest regions of China. The mountainous areas of the hills and mountains in southwest areas of China have dangerous terrains and complicated geological conditions. Especially in the south China, the full-strength weathered granite is widely distributed. The regions are generally moist in climate, abundant in rainfall and equal in rain and heat in season, and surface water is supplied by atmospheric precipitation, so that the regions mostly have seasonal river characteristics in mountain areas. Under the climatic conditions, the granite rock mass has strong weathering effect and large rock mass damage degree. Because the fully strong weathered granite stratum has the characteristics of disturbance softening and disintegration in water, the fully strong weathered granite stratum has almost no self-stabilization capability below the groundwater level, and the problems of large seepage and water inflow, serious surrounding rock deformation and the like are often faced in tunnels and underground engineering.
In the process of building tunnels in south China, water-proof and drainage engineering is particularly important. Because the mountainous area has complex topography, the runoff and collection condition of rainwater under the action of rainfall are difficult to evaluate, and therefore, water-proof and drainage facilities cannot be accurately and effectively arranged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas, which can solve the problem that the prior art is difficult to calculate and analyze the catchment condition of the mountain areas under rainfall conditions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, a rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas is adopted, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: construction of random raindrop O of terrain grid surface 1 A rainfall catchment model;
s2: on the basis of S1, the rain drop O is correspondingly increased according to the actual rainfall 1 Simulating to obtain the flow paths of all rainwater on the terrain slope, the target area and the water collecting model nearby the target area;
s3: analyzing rainfall catchment through a visual programming language, and converging the rainwater to obtain an integral model of the target area and the nearby converging, and forming catchment lines of the target area and the nearby converging on the integral model;
s4: collecting and processing the water collecting lines flowing in the target area and the vicinity thereof, and extracting the starting point of each water collecting line to form a topographic point cloud, wherein the formed topographic point cloud area is the target area and the vicinity thereof;
s5: projecting the catchment area onto a plan to obtain a final catchment area;
s6: on the basis of S5, after the rainfall intensity of the area is obtained, the total precipitation amount V of the water collecting area of the tunnel portal can be calculated as follows:
wherein: v: total rainfall of catchment area, m 3 ；
S: catchment area, m 2 ；
t 0 : start catchment time, s;
t 1 : ending the water collecting time, s;
h (t): a function of the intensity of rainfall over time.
As a further improvement of the rainfall catchment calculation method applicable to mountain areas of the present invention, S1 includes:
s1.1: randomly taking raindrops O on terrain grid surface 1 As a rainwater starting point;
s1.2: taking the tangential direction of gravity on the initial point position of the rainwater on the terrain grid as the water collecting direction of the rainwater;
s1.3: moving the starting point along the water collecting direction by a preset distance to obtain another point;
s1.4: the other point is projected to a point obtained by the grid to be used as an end point reached after the rainwater flows once on the surface of the terrain grid, and the end point is used as a starting point of the next flow of the rainwater;
s1.5: repeating at least S1.3-S1.4n times to obtain the rain drop O on the surface of the terrain mesh 1 Through the n-pass water collection paths and the final water collection endpoint.
The rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas is further improved, and the visual programming language is Grasshopper.
The rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas is further improved, and the preset distance is 1-5 m.
The invention is beneficial to calculating and analyzing the water collecting condition of mountain areas under the rainfall condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a catchment simulation flow.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of random selection of raindrops.
FIG. 3 is a water collection simulation result.
Fig. 4 is a feature assembly line and feature point extraction diagram.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a catchment area near an entrance section of a tunnel.
Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of a catchment area near an entrance section of a tunnel.
Fig. 7 is a plot of precipitation for the current day of the tunnel test.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
(1) Rainfall catchment model
1) Random point taking O on terrain grid surface 1 Taking the tangential direction V of the gravity of the point on the grid 1 Is the catchment direction of the rainwater under the initial condition;
2) Let point O 1 The water is moved for 1 to 5m along the water collecting direction to obtain a point P 1 The moving distance can be properly adjusted according to the size and the calculation precision of the model;
3) Will P 1 Projecting onto a grid to obtain a point O reached after the first circulation of rainwater 1 The first cycle is completed.
4) And the like, repeating the circulation to obtain the rainwater falling on O 1 A post-point catchment path and a final catchment endpoint.
(2) On the basis of the rainwater simulation of the catchment model, the raindrop point O needs to be correspondingly increased according to the actual rainfall 1 The density and the number of the rainwater on the slope surface and the water collecting condition of the area near the research target can be obtained through simulation.
(3) And analyzing rainfall catchment through a visual programming language grasshopper to obtain the overall situation of regional confluence near the research target.
(4) Collecting and processing the catchment lines flowing through the area near the research target, and extracting the starting point of each catchment line to form a topographic point cloud, wherein the point cloud area is the catchment area near the research target.
(5) The final catchment area is obtained by projecting the catchment area onto a plan view.
(6) On the basis, after the rainfall intensity of the area is obtained, the total precipitation amount V of the water collecting area of the tunnel portal can be calculated as follows:
wherein: v: total rainfall of catchment area, m 3 ；
S: catchment area, m 2 ；
t 0 : start catchment time, s;
t 1 : ending the water collecting time, s;
h (t): a function of the intensity of rainfall over time.
The method can simulate the catchment area and the catchment quantity under different rainfall intensity conditions only by using a topographic map, has rapid calculation speed, and provides a basis for the arrangement of the water-proof and drainage facilities in the infrastructure and the safety evaluation of the infrastructure under heavy rainfall.
Example 2
The crane mountain tunnel is positioned in the special cooperation area red stone town of the Shandong tail city, the tunnel is a double-line single hole, the driving speed is designed to be 350km/h, the initial mileage is DK202+825, DK204+183, and the total length is 1358m. The tunnel passes through the degraded hilly area, the elevation of the terrain along the line is 80-332 m, the terrain is more serious, the gully is long and narrow, the tunnel is in a V shape, the relative height difference is about 50-260 m, the buried depth of the tunnel is generally 40-237 m, and the vegetation is more developed. The tunnel inlet penetrates through the stratum and is made of fully weathered granite, rock mass is broken, good permeability is achieved, a large amount of water body seeps downwards after meeting water, the underground water level is increased, the strength of the fully weathered granite is greatly reduced under the erosion of water, and self-stability is extremely poor, so that the waterproof and drainage engineering is of great importance in tunnel construction.
The tunnel portal of the crane mountain is mainly characterized by comprising the following 3 parts: 1) The annual precipitation amount in the tunnel address area is large, and strong rainfall occurs frequently in rainy seasons; 2) The hole is positioned at the mountain ridge, the nearby topography is bowl-shaped, the position of the hole is lower, and a large amount of water is easy to accumulate near the hole after rainfall; 3) The stratum soil body at the inlet section of the crane mountain tunnel is fully weathered granite coarse-grained soil, and the strength, cohesion and other mechanical properties of the soil body can be greatly reduced when the soil body meets water, so that the engineering performance is rapidly deteriorated, and a great potential safety hazard is caused.
Aiming at the situation, in order to prevent the extreme rainfall from adversely affecting the excavation of the tunnel and the operation and maintenance after the construction, the water collection analysis at the tunnel entrance is needed to be carried out in a targeted manner, and a basis is provided for the modification construction of the water-proof and drainage facilities of the subsequent tunnel entrance.
(1) Rainfall model
As shown in fig. 1, the rainfall catchment simulation idea:
1) Random point taking O on terrain grid surface 1 Taking the tangential direction V of the gravity of the point on the grid 1 Is the catchment direction of the rainwater under the initial condition;
2) Let point O 1 Moving a certain distance along the water collecting direction (2 m is taken in the simulation at this time) to obtain a point P 1 ；
3) Point P 1 Projecting onto a grid to obtain a point O reached after the first circulation of rainwater 1 The first cycle is completed.
4) And the like, repeating the circulation to obtain the rainwater falling on O 1 A post-point catchment path and a final catchment endpoint.
On the basis of the rainwater simulation of the catchment model, the rain drop point O is correspondingly increased only according to the actual rainfall 1 The density and the quantity of the rainwater on the slope surface and the water collecting condition of the area near the whole opening can be obtained through simulation. As shown in fig. 2, 10000 raindrops are randomly arranged on the topographic map of the area near the entrance section of the crane mountain tunnel in the simulation, and the reliability of the calculation simulation result is ensured through a large enough sample number.
(2) Catchment area
And analyzing rainfall catchment through a visual programming language grasshopper to obtain the overall situation of collecting the rainfall catchment near the tunnel portal. As shown in FIG. 3, the earth surface of the entrance section of the crane mountain tunnel is bowl-shaped, and because the earth surface near the entrance of the tunnel has lower topography, a large amount of rainwater flows through the entrance section of the tunnel and is converged near the entrance of the tunnel after rainfall, and the catchment at the entrance of the tunnel is mainly formed by converging runoffs in 4 directions.
As shown in fig. 4, on the basis of the above, collecting and processing are performed on the catchment lines flowing through the tunnel portal, and the starting point of each catchment line is extracted to form a topographic point cloud, and the point cloud area is the catchment area of the tunnel portal.
The influence area of the water collecting at the opening is obtained by gridding the point cloud in the figure 4 as shown in figures 5 and 6, the final water collecting area can be obtained by projecting the area onto a plane view, and the surface water collecting area near the inlet of the crane mountain tunnel is 107304m through area calculation 2 。
(3) Catchment analysis
And acquiring precipitation data to obtain the red Dan Zhen current day precipitation of the special cooperation area of the Shandong tail city of Guangdong province. The precipitation in the area is mainly concentrated in 7 months to 9 months, and the precipitation rule has obvious periodicity. Wherein the peak value of the tunnel address precipitation amount is 6.9325mm/h, and the precipitation amount changes with time as shown in figure 7.
Calculating the total precipitation amount V in the water collecting area of the tunnel portal:
wherein: v: total rainfall of catchment area, m 3 ；
S: catchment area, m 2 ；
t 0 : start the catchment time;
t 1 : ending the water collecting time;
h (t): a function of the intensity of rainfall over time.
The catchment area near the inlet of the crane mountain tunnel is 107304m 2 The water collection time is started to be 12:00, the water collection time is ended to be 16:00, the data are substituted into a formula, and the total precipitation amount in the water collection area of 12:00-16:00 on the same day is finally obtained to be 12876.48m 3 . The calculation result shows that the total time is 12876.48m in 4 hours in the precipitation process 3 The rainwater falls into the catchment area of the inlet section of the crane mountain tunnel. Therefore, in order to prevent a large amount of rainwater from falling on the slope surface and forming runoff along the slope surface to flow through the tunnel entrance section, the water diversion, drainage and waterproof devices near the tunnel entrance are reinforced in the construction process, and the water body is prevented from finally flowing near the tunnel entrance after heavy rainfall and penetrating into the stratum to cause the reduction of stratum strength.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several equivalent substitutions and obvious modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the same should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The rainfall catchment calculating method suitable for mountain areas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: construction of random raindrop O of terrain grid surface 1 A rainfall catchment model;
s2: on the basis of S1, the rain drop O is correspondingly increased according to the actual rainfall 1 Simulating to obtain the flow paths of all rainwater on the terrain slope, the target area and the water collecting model nearby the target area;
s3: analyzing rainfall catchment through a visual programming language, and converging the rainwater to obtain an integral model of the target area and the nearby converging, and forming catchment lines of the target area and the nearby converging on the integral model;
s4: collecting and processing the water collecting lines flowing in the target area and the vicinity thereof, and extracting the starting point of each water collecting line to form a topographic point cloud, wherein the formed topographic point cloud area is the target area and the vicinity thereof;
s5: projecting the catchment area onto a plan to obtain a final catchment area;
s6: on the basis of S5, after the rainfall intensity of the area is obtained, the total precipitation amount V of the water collecting area of the tunnel portal can be calculated as follows:
wherein: v: total rainfall of catchment area, m 3 ；
S: catchment area, m 2 ；
t 0 : start catchment time, s;
t 1 : ending the water collecting time, s;
h (t): a function of the intensity of rainfall over time.
2. The rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas according to claim 1, wherein S1 comprises:
s1.1: randomly taking raindrops O on terrain grid surface 1 As a rainwater starting point;
s1.2: taking the tangential direction of gravity on the initial point position of the rainwater on the terrain grid as the water collecting direction of the rainwater;
s1.3: moving the starting point along the water collecting direction by a preset distance to obtain another point;
s1.4: the other point is projected to a point obtained by the grid to be used as an end point reached after the rainwater flows once on the surface of the terrain grid, and the end point is used as a starting point of the next flow of the rainwater;
s1.5: repeating S1.3-S1.4 for at least n times to obtain the rain drop O on the land grid surface 1 Through the n-pass water collection paths and the final water collection endpoint.
3. The method for calculating a rainfall catchment for mountain areas according to claim 1, wherein the visual programming language is grasshopper.
4. The rainfall catchment calculation method suitable for mountain areas according to claim 2, wherein the preset distance is 1-5 m.
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