CN116625527B - Infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method, which utilizes the conjugate relation of a cold diaphragm and a system entrance pupil, uses other wave bands except a system working wave band, reasonably distributes a detection light path in a vacuum low-temperature cabin in a view field light splitting mode, observes the relative position relation of a main mirror image and the cold diaphragm by a visible light camera, analyzes the modulation transfer function and the detection error condition of an infrared system and the detection light path in an example, finally realizes the on-line detection of the cold diaphragm and the system entrance pupil, and solves the problem of 100% matching on-line detection of the cold diaphragm of an infrared telescope system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of infrared optical detection, and particularly relates to an infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method.
Background
In recent years, infrared imaging technology is becoming important, and an infrared optical system is widely applied to a plurality of fields such as military, medical treatment, exploration and the like by the characteristic of thermal detection imaging. The infrared optical system is different from the traditional visible optical system, the imaging instability and the sensitivity to environmental characteristics are higher, and the conditions are undoubtedly technically difficult to design the infrared optical system, so that the designer is required to comprehensively consider the factors such as the use environment and the use of the infrared optical system.
The infrared optical system is similar to a common optical system in configuration, and the design of the short-wave infrared optical system can completely reference the experience of the visible optical system. However, for the mid-long wave infrared optical system, the influence of self thermal radiation seriously affects key parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio and non-uniformity of the system in the detection imaging process, which is one of non-negligible factors. Because most infrared optical systems have smaller view fields, larger apertures and are easily influenced by ambient temperature, in the optical design stage, view field diaphragms and cold diaphragms are arranged in the system and are used for reducing the influence of external stray radiation and the radiation of the system. The cold diaphragm is usually designed in Dewar, so that it is in vacuum low-temp. environment, cooled by low temp. to neglect self-radiation energy, and its function is to make detector only detect or record energy from scene in front of system, and to inhibit infrared heat radiation stray light outside scene so as to attain the actions of reducing noise and preventing image anomaly.
For infrared detection systems, 100% cold stop matching, i.e., an optically solid exit pupil, needs to be satisfied. The 100% cold light screen efficiency is satisfied, so that the energy distribution of each view field beam on the detector is uniform, and the system self radiation outside the aperture is shielded. Therefore, 100% cold light screen matching is ensured in the installation and adjustment of an infrared optical system, and the method has important practical significance.
However, in actual adjustment, the position of the exit pupil of the optical system is affected by the processing and adjustment errors of the optical lens, the actual position and the theoretical position are not consistent, and meanwhile, the specific position of the cold diaphragm cannot be directly measured, so that the specific condition of the matching degree of the two cannot be obtained. At the present stage, most cold stop 100% matching technologies stay at the stage of optical design. The invention aims at an infrared optical system with a vacuum low-temperature cabin, utilizes the conjugation relation between a cold diaphragm structure and a system pupil, realizes the on-line detection of the cold diaphragm through reasonable system layout and detection band selection, solves the problem of cold diaphragm matching degree measurement, and provides guarantee for the detection capability of the infrared system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method, which utilizes the conjugate relation between a cold diaphragm structure and a system entrance pupil to realize on-line detection of the cold diaphragm and the system entrance pupil through reasonable layout and solves the problem of 100% matching on-line detection of the system cold diaphragm.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method comprises the following steps:
step A: the method is characterized in that a main optical system is designed, the infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method is used for a telescopic infrared imaging system, the position of an entrance pupil is positioned on an optical element, the optical element has a clear structure boundary, and in the detection process of the cold diaphragm structure, the optical element is in an illuminated state, so that the detection camera can acquire the information conveniently;
and (B) step (B): the cold light diaphragm structure is designed, and is arranged at the position of the exit pupil of the secondary imaging system, and the cold light diaphragm structure is 100% matched with the position of the exit pupil;
step C: designing a detection light path with a cold diaphragm structure, arranging an infrared detection system with a vacuum low-temperature cabin, laying out the detection light path, and guiding light beams passing through the cold diaphragm structure and an exit pupil position to an infrared imaging light path;
step D: selecting a detection wave band and a detection camera, and selecting a wave band which does not participate in imaging as a detection wave band of a cold diaphragm structure; the view field of the detection camera at least covers the view field corresponding to the cold diaphragm structure, so that all light beams of the edge view field enter the detection camera to form images;
step E: illuminating an entrance pupil location, the optical element at the entrance pupil location being passively illuminated, so that light rays of the optical element propagate to an exit pupil location;
step F: and detecting the matching of the exit pupil position and the cold diaphragm structure.
In the step a, the entrance pupil position is located on the primary mirror, the infrared detection system is located in the vacuum cryopanel, the exit pupil position is located at the rear side of the window of the vacuum cryopanel, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror receive the target radiant energy, and the radiant energy is transmitted through the first turning mirror, the second turning mirror, the third turning mirror and the first relay system.
Further, in the step a, the entrance pupil position is conjugate to the exit pupil position, and the entrance pupil image is clear at the exit pupil position.
Further, in the step a, the transfer function of the optical element at the entrance pupil position at the exit pupil position, the transfer function of the detection camera, and the accuracy of cold stop matching are matched with each other.
Further, in the step B, the cold stop structure is located in the vacuum cryopanel.
In step C, the radiation energy enters the infrared detection system through the vacuum low-temperature cabin window, the cold diaphragm structure is used for matching stray light outside the aperture, and the field diaphragm realizes field light splitting.
Further, in the step C, the light beam guiding manner includes field splitting, band splitting or intensity splitting.
Further, in the step C, in the step D, the detection band is a visible light band.
Further, in the step C, the manner in which the optical element at the entrance pupil position is passively illuminated in the step E includes illuminating the system aperture with a light source, and directly facing the clear sky.
Further, in the step F, the detection camera is started, the cold diaphragm structure is directly observed to form a circular area, the circular area is a normal beam path, the other area is limited by the cold diaphragm structure to form an image-free area, and then the position and the angle of the vacuum low-temperature cabin are adjusted to find an exit pupil image; and finally, the center of the exit pupil image is overlapped with the center of the circular area, so that cold diaphragm matching is achieved.
After the steps are finished, on-line detection of entrance pupil drift caused by factors such as tracking, adjustment errors and the like can be realized when the main system normally works, so that the cold diaphragm matching degree can be quantized and feedback adjusted, wherein a specific process is realized by means of an image detection algorithm, and a specific extraction algorithm is not the key point of the invention.
The infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method has the following advantages:
aiming at an infrared optical system with vacuum low Wen Cangti (or a dewar bottle), the on-line detection of the cold diaphragm is realized by utilizing the conjugate relation of the system entrance pupil and the system exit pupil and by reasonable system layout and detection band selection, the detection problem of cold diaphragm matching degree is solved, and the detection capability of the infrared system is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a primary system in which a 1-primary mirror, a 2-secondary mirror, a 3-first fold mirror, a 4-second fold mirror, a 5-third fold mirror, and a 6-first relay system;
FIG. 3 shows an infrared detection system, wherein the infrared detection system comprises a 7-second relay system, an 8-vacuum cryopanel window, a 9-cold diaphragm structure, a 10-first off-axis parabolic mirror set, an 11-field diaphragm, a 12-second off-axis parabolic mirror set, a 13-infrared detector assembly and a 14-vacuum cryopanel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an imaging light path and a cold diaphragm detection light path layout of a view field beam splitting mode and a cold diaphragm in a vacuum low-temperature cabin, wherein the imaging light path layout comprises 15-outside the cabin, 16-inside the cabin, 18-third off-axis parabolic mirror groups, 19-view field diaphragm hole digging mirrors, 20-detection off-axis parabolic mirrors, 21-detection turning mirrors, 22-vacuum low-temperature cabin detection windows and 23-visible light detection cameras;
FIG. 5 (a) is an MTF curve for a primary mirror imaged at a cold stop in the visible (550 nm) band;
FIG. 5 (b) is the MTF curve of the primary mirror in the detection system in the visible (550 nm) band;
FIG. 5 (c) is an MTF curve of a cold stop in a detection system in the visible (550 nm) band;
FIG. 6 (a) is a diagram of a non-matching object of a cold diaphragm taken by a visible light camera in an on-line detection experiment of the cold diaphragm;
FIG. 6 (b) is a diagram of 100% matched cold diaphragm for a visible light camera in an on-line detection experiment.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method, which is shown in a flow chart of FIG. 1, and the main technical indexes of an infrared optical system are as follows:
1. the main system is of a telescope structure, the aperture of the main mirror 1 is 1.06m, the entrance pupil is positioned on the main mirror 1, the infrared detection system is positioned in the vacuum low-temperature cabin 14, the exit pupil is positioned at the rear side of the vacuum low-temperature cabin window 8, the diameter of the exit pupil is 21.15mm, the main system is connected with the infrared detection system through the second relay system 7, the second relay system 7 is not provided with the invention, and schematic diagrams of the main system and the infrared detection system are shown in fig. 2 and 3. In fig. 2, the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 form a typical RC optical structure, receiving the target radiant energy, and delivering the energy to the inside of the kude house after the telescope structure via the first refractive mirror 3, the second refractive mirror 4, the third refractive mirror 5 and the first relay system 6. The optical path of an infrared detection system in a kude room is shown in fig. 3, the infrared detector system is used for reducing self heat radiation, the whole system is positioned in a vacuum low-temperature cabin 14, radiation energy enters the infrared detection system through a vacuum low-temperature cabin window 8, a cold light diaphragm structure 9 is used for matching stray light outside an aperture, the invention realizes field light splitting through a field diaphragm 11, the purpose of on-line detection of cold light diaphragm matching is achieved, the infrared detection system comprises a first off-axis parabolic mirror group 10, a second off-axis parabolic mirror group 12 and an infrared detector component 13, wherein the first off-axis parabolic mirror group 10 plays a secondary imaging role to realize field light splitting, and the second off-axis parabolic mirror group 12 plays a collimation role.
2. The working wave band range is 3-12 um, and the detection wave band of the cold diaphragm structure is visible light;
3. the cold diaphragm structure 9 is conjugated with the main mirror 1, and the design value meets 100% cold diaphragm matching;
4. the cold light diaphragm structure detection system selects a view field light splitting mode, a cold light diaphragm structure detection camera is positioned outside a vacuum low-temperature cabin 14, and also comprises an outside cabin 15 and an inside cabin 16 as shown in fig. 4, the cold light diaphragm structure 9, pupil energy is reflected to a view field diaphragm hole digging mirror 19 through a third off-axis parabolic mirror group 18, and then is reflected to a visible light detection camera 23 through a detection off-axis parabolic mirror 20, a detection turning mirror 21 and a vacuum low-temperature cabin detection window 22, so that imaging of the pupil and the cold light diaphragm structure 9 by the camera is realized;
the invention relates to an infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method which comprises the following steps:
step one: main optical system design:
for a telescopic infrared imaging system, in the optical design stage, the entrance pupil should be located on a certain optical element, with a clear structural boundary, and in the process of matching detection of the cold diaphragm structure 9, the element should be in an illuminated state, so as to facilitate the acquisition of the rear visible light detection camera 23;
the system entrance pupil is conjugated with the exit pupil, and the entrance pupil image is clear at the exit pupil position, namely the transfer function value of the optical element at the entrance pupil position cannot be too low, so that the boundary blurring of the optical element image is avoided;
step two: cold light screen structural design:
the cold light diaphragm structure 9 is arranged at the position of the exit pupil of the secondary imaging system, and is matched with 100% of the exit pupil;
the cold light stop structure 9 needs to be positioned in the vacuum low temperature cabin 14 (or dewar), and when the system works, the cold light stop structure 9 should be in a low temperature state so as to reduce self heat radiation;
step three: the cold light screen structure detection light path design:
as shown in FIG. 3, the infrared detection system should have a vacuum low-temperature cabin 14 or a more sufficient Dewar space for reasonably arranging optical structures, and guiding the light beams passing through the cold diaphragm structure 9 and the exit pupil to an infrared imaging light path to provide conditions for cold diaphragm detection;
the detection beam guiding mode can be realized by using a plurality of modes such as view field light splitting, wave band light splitting, intensity light splitting and the like;
the optical design of the cold light diaphragm structure detection system aims at clearly imaging the cold light diaphragm structure 9;
step four: detection band and camera selection:
the detection wave band of the cold diaphragm structure is selected to be a wave band which can be transmitted by a system (corresponding to fig. 1 and 2), the detection capability of the infrared detection system is not affected, and the visible light wave band is optimally selected, so that on one hand, the detection light path (fig. 4) of the cold diaphragm structure is conveniently adjusted, and on the other hand, the visible light camera is more easily obtained. The method has important engineering value for online detection of the cold diaphragm structure;
the transfer function of the optical element at the entrance pupil in the visible light detection system, the transfer function of the visible light detection camera and the cold diaphragm matching precision are matched with each other;
step five: illuminating the system entrance pupil:
in the matching detection process of the cold diaphragm structure 9, the optical element at the entrance pupil should be passively illuminated, so that the light of the optical element propagates to the exit pupil position, and the implementation modes include a mode of illuminating the system aperture by a light source, a mode of directly aligning the system aperture to a clear sky, and the like.
Step six: detection of exit pupil and cold diaphragm matching:
after the optical adjustment of the main system (fig. 1) and the detection light path (fig. 3) is completed, the visible light detection camera is started, the blocking condition formed by the cold light diaphragm structure 9 can be directly observed in an image, a circular area is formed, the area is a normal light beam path, the other area is an image-free area, the field of view is limited by the cold light diaphragm structure 9, then the position and the angle of the vacuum low-temperature cabin (or dewar) 14 are adjusted, and the system exit pupil image (fig. 6 (a)) is found, which is generally a brighter circular spot, and the circular spot is the exit pupil image. Finally, the exit pupil image is overlapped with the center of the circular area (fig. 6 (b)), thereby achieving the purpose of cold diaphragm matching.
By the detection method of the invention, the imaging quality of the visible light detection camera 23 can directly influence the detection precision of the cold diaphragm structure 9. Therefore, before the cold-stop structure 9 detects, it is necessary to confirm the imaging quality of the exit pupil of the system and the detection light path, and the following is a specific analysis case:
for a visible light detection (550 nm) system (fig. 4), not only the primary mirror 1 but also the cold stop structure 9 is imaged. The MTF curve of the main mirror 1 at the exit pupil is shown in fig. 5 (a). As shown in the MTF curve, the frequency of the edge view field is more than or equal to 0.4 at 18lp/mm and more than or equal to 0.2 at 25lp/mm, and the imaging resolution limit of the main mirror 1 at the cold diaphragm structure 9 is about 40-50 um.
When the aberration of the detection light path is considered, the visible light imaging lens is assumed to be an ideal lens, and no additional aberration is introduced. The MTF curve at visible (550 nm) wavelength is given. FIG. 5 (b) is an MTF curve of the primary mirror in the detection system, with frequencies at 16lp/mm 0.4 or more and 20lp/mm 0.2 or more over the fringe field of view; FIG. 5 (c) is an MTF curve of a cold stop structure in a detection system, with frequencies at 11 lp/mm.gtoreq.0.4 and 15 lp/mm.gtoreq.0.2 over the fringe field of view. It is clear that the cold stop structure and the main image are clear on the visible light detection camera, if the limit contrast is calculated to be 0.2, the detection resolution limit of the cold stop structure 9 is about 65um, so that the visible light can be used for the adjustment detection of the cold stop structure 9. Meanwhile, in simulation analysis, the aperture of the off-axis parabolic mirror 20 in the rear end figure 4 is detected to limit the aperture of the imaging light beam, and the aperture of the mirror is recommended to be as large as possible, so that the imaging quality in cold diaphragm detection can be improved.
According to the optical simulation result, the optical parameters of the light beam at the first-level fine tracking window are as follows:
，
according to the simulation analysis result, the parameters of the visible light detection camera are calculated as follows, and the corresponding calculation formula is as follows:
，
where WD is working distance, FOV is object height, f is lens focal length, img is image plane size. The camera selection is shown in the following table.
，
Further analysis, the actual aperture of the primary mirror 1 was 1114mm. The results of the simulation by optical software show that the main mirror 1 is imaged at the cold-stop structure 9, which is slightly larger than the aperture of the cold-stop structure 9, and the distance between the edge of the cold-stop structure 9 and the edge of the main mirror image is about 0.6mm, namely the cold-stop structure 9 translates by 0.6mm, and the cold-stop structure 9 is still in 100% matching state. This is an order of magnitude higher detection resolution than 65um for detection of cold stop structure 9, indicating that the system can be brought to a 100% cold stop matched state by cold stop on-line detection system.
，
Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are diagrams of objects of an unmatched cold diaphragm and a 100% matched cold diaphragm photographed by a visible light camera in an experiment.
The art-known techniques involved in the present invention are not elaborated in detail. It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: the method is characterized in that a main optical system is designed, the infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method is used for a telescopic infrared imaging system, the position of an entrance pupil is positioned on an optical element, the optical element has a clear structure boundary, and in the detection process of the cold diaphragm structure, the optical element is in an illuminated state, so that the detection camera can acquire the information conveniently; the infrared detection system is positioned in the vacuum low-temperature cabin, the exit pupil position is positioned at the rear side of a window of the vacuum low-temperature cabin, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror receive target radiation energy, and the radiation energy is transmitted through the first turning mirror, the second turning mirror, the third turning mirror and the first relay system; the main optical system is connected with the infrared detection system through the second relay system;
and (B) step (B): the cold light diaphragm structure is designed, the cold light diaphragm structure is arranged at the exit pupil position of the secondary imaging, and the cold light diaphragm structure is 100% matched with the exit pupil position;
step C: designing a detection light path with a cold diaphragm structure, arranging an infrared detection system with a vacuum low-temperature cabin, laying out the detection light path, and guiding a light beam passing through the cold diaphragm structure and an exit pupil position out of an infrared imaging light path;
step D: selecting a detection wave band and a detection camera, and selecting a wave band which does not participate in imaging as a detection wave band of a cold diaphragm structure; the view field of the detection camera at least covers the view field corresponding to the cold diaphragm structure, so that all light beams of the edge view field enter the detection camera to form images;
step E: illuminating an entrance pupil location, the optical element at the entrance pupil location being passively illuminated, so that light rays of the optical element propagate to an exit pupil location;
step F: detection of exit pupil position and cold stop structure matching, comprising: starting a detection camera, directly observing the cold diaphragm structure to form a circular area, wherein the circular area is a normal beam path, the other area is limited by the cold diaphragm structure to form an image-free area, and then adjusting the position and the angle of the vacuum low-temperature cabin to find an exit pupil image; and finally, the center of the exit pupil image is overlapped with the center of the circular area, so that cold diaphragm matching is achieved.
2. An infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A, the position of the entrance pupil is conjugate with the position of the exit pupil, and the image of the entrance pupil is clear at the position of the exit pupil.
3. An infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A, the transfer function of the optical element at the entrance pupil position, the transfer function of the detection camera and the cold diaphragm matching precision are matched with each other.
4. An infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, the cold diaphragm structure is positioned in a vacuum low-temperature cabin.
5. An infrared cold stop matching on-line detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step C, the radiation energy enters the infrared detection system through a vacuum low-temperature cabin window, the cold light stop structure is used for matching stray light outside the aperture, and the view field diaphragm realizes view field light splitting.
6. An infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step C, the light beam guiding manner includes view field light splitting, band light splitting or intensity light splitting.
7. An infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step D, the detection band is a visible light band.
8. An infrared cold diaphragm matching on-line detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step E, the passive illumination mode of the optical element at the entrance pupil position comprises the steps of illuminating the system aperture by a light source and directly aligning the system aperture with a clear sky.
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