CN116625348B - Three-photon interference-based fiber-optic gyroscope and measurement method thereof - Google Patents
Three-photon interference-based fiber-optic gyroscope and measurement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
- G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
- G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
- G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
- G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-photon interference-based fiber-optic gyroscope and a measurement method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fiber-optic gyroscopes, and comprising a fiber-optic space coupling unit, a single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber-sensitive ring unit, a fiber-optic collimator unit, a non-polarization beam-splitting unit, a polarization beam-splitting unit and a single-mode fiber unit, wherein during measurement, the quantum state is input from a first port of a first non-polarization beam splitterIs input into quantum state from the second port asThe photons passing through the first non-polarized beam splitter are respectively coupled into two identical single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive rings, then output to the second non-polarized beam splitter from the conjugated port, quantum interference occurs at the interface of the second non-polarized beam splitter, then output from the two output ports, finally, coincidence measurement is carried out on the outputs of the three single-photon detectors, and the rotating speed information is deduced according to the coincidence measurement. The fiber optic gyroscope using the three-photon state as the light source has higher detection sensitivity, and can realize 3 times super-resolution measurement on the rotating speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber gyroscopes, and particularly relates to an optical fiber gyroscope based on three-photon interference.
Background
As a typical inertial navigation device, the fiber optic gyroscope has important applications in both military and civilian fields. Along with the increasing demands of high-precision and high-reliability navigation information under the condition of deep open sea, the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope serving as a core element of the inertial navigation system meeting the application requirements directly determines the performance of the inertial navigation system.
At present, the conventional scheme mainly increases the sensitivity by increasing the size of the sensitive loop of the optical fiber and the length of the optical fiber, but the scheme brings a plurality of new disadvantages, such as increasing the complexity of the system, introducing larger Shupe errors, and the like.
The increase in sensitivity is seen to encounter bottlenecks, and new solutions are needed.
In recent years, the quantum technology of China is developed at a high speed, the national defense industry also enters a quantum era, and gyroscopes based on the quantum technology are considered as a feasible solution.
Measurement accuracy limit in quantum mechanics, wherein ,/>For measuring the standard deviation of the phase, the method is used for representing the precision; />Is the average photon number. The patent 'interference type optical fiber gyroscope based on quantum effect' issued by national time service center Dong Ruifang of China academy of sciences proposes that a pair of photon pairs with quantum association is generated through spontaneous parameter down-conversion, and is converted into N00N state based on left and right circular polarization through a Half Wave Plate (HWP) with an included angle of 22.5 DEG between an optical axis and polarization:, wherein ,N R indicating that the number of photons in the right-hand circular polarization state isN，N L Indicating that the number of photons in the left-hand circular polarization state isN，0 R Indicating that the number of photons in the right-hand circular polarization state is 0,0 R indicating that the number of photons in the left-hand circular polarization state is 0. For the followingNIn the case of =2, the photon pair can be regarded as a whole, so its de broglie wavelength is，/>The optical wavelength in vacuum is adopted, so that the precision is improved by 2 times on the premise of not changing the actual working wavelength (namely, no device customized for the special wavelength is needed), and the super-resolution measurement is realized.
Aiming at the defect of the angular velocity sensing precision of the Sagnac interferometer which uses a coherent state as a light source at present, we propose a method for accurately measuring the phase based on three-photon state input and without using the maximum entanglement state. The 3-time precision improvement can be realized under the condition of meeting the three-photon state input requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of providing a three-photon interference-based optical fiber gyroscope and a measurement method thereof, which are based on a three-photon state input and do not need to use a maximum entangled state optical fiber gyroscope scheme, and angular velocity information is obtained by utilizing photon sensing angular velocity of high-speed transmission in an optical fiber and conforming to measurement.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an optical fiber gyro based on three-photon interference comprises an optical fiber space coupling unit, a single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring unit, an optical fiber collimating mirror unit, a non-polarized beam splitting unit, a polarized beam splitting unit and a single-mode optical fiber unit,
the optical fiber space coupling unit comprises a first optical fiber space coupler, a second optical fiber space coupler, a third optical fiber space coupler, a fourth optical fiber space coupler and a fifth optical fiber space coupler, and is used for coupling a space light beam into a single-mode optical fiber;
the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring unit comprises a first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring and a second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring, wherein the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring and the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring are two identical rings wound by single-mode polarization maintaining fibers, and the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring and the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring are stacked;
the optical fiber collimating mirror unit comprises a first optical fiber collimating mirror and a second optical fiber collimating mirror, and is used for collimating and outputting photons passing through the single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring unit to a space;
the non-polarized beam splitting unit comprises a first non-polarized beam splitter and a second non-polarized beam splitter, wherein the ratio of the reflectivity to the transmissivity of the first non-polarized beam splitter and the second non-polarized beam splitter is 2:3, a step of;
the polarization beam splitting unit comprises a first polarization beam splitter and a second polarization beam splitter, and the ratio of the reflectivity to the transmissivity of the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter is 1:1;
the single-mode optical fiber unit comprises a first single-mode optical fiber, a second single-mode optical fiber and a third single-mode optical fiber, and the purpose of the single-mode optical fiber unit is to access light into the single-photon detector;
the output end of the first non-polarizing beam splitter is respectively communicated with the input ends of the first optical fiber space coupler and the second optical fiber space coupler, the output end of the first optical fiber space coupler is communicated with the input end of a first single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring, and the output end of the first single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring is communicated with the input end of a first optical fiber collimator; the output end of the second optical fiber space coupler is communicated with the input end of a second single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring, and the output end of the second single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring is communicated with the input end of a second optical fiber collimating lens; the output ends of the first optical fiber collimating lens and the second optical fiber collimating lens are respectively communicated with the input end of a second non-polarizing beam splitter, the output end of the second non-polarizing beam splitter is respectively communicated with the input ends of a first polarizing beam splitter and a second polarizing beam splitter, the output end of the first polarizing beam splitter is respectively communicated with the input ends of a fourth optical fiber space coupler and a fifth optical fiber space coupler, and the output end of the second polarizing beam splitter is communicated with the input end of a third optical fiber space coupler;
the output ends of the third optical fiber space coupler, the fourth optical fiber space coupler and the fifth optical fiber space coupler are respectively connected with the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector through the first single-mode optical fiber, the second single-mode optical fiber and the third single-mode optical fiber, and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector are connected with the time amplitude conversion module.
The invention also provides a measurement method of the fiber optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference, which comprises the following steps:
s1, quantum state isIs +.>Two photons respectively enter an initial photon state from a first port and a second port of the first non-polarizing beam splitter, and the initial photon state passes through the first non-polarizing beam splitter, wherein the quantum state is +.>Is +.>The two photons of the first non-polarized beam splitter interface interfere and are emitted from a third port and a fourth port of the first non-polarized beam splitter;
s2, quantum states emitted from the third port and the fourth port in the step S1 areThe single photon of the (a) is coupled into a first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring through a first optical fiber space coupler, and is coupled into a second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring through a second optical fiber space coupler; the quantum state emitted from the third port and the fourth port in the step S1 is +.>The two photons of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber are coupled into a first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensing ring through a first optical fiber space coupler, and are coupled into a second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensing ring through a second optical fiber space coupler;
s3, quantum state in the sensitive ring passing through the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber isThe single photon of the (B) is emitted through the first optical fiber collimating mirror and is emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter from the fifth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter; the quantum state in the sensitive loop passing through the second single mode polarization maintaining fiber is +.>The single photon of (2) is emitted through the second optical fiber collimating mirror and is emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter from the sixth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter; the quantum state in the sensitive loop passing through the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber isThe two photons of (1) are emitted through the first optical fiber collimating mirror and are emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter from the fifth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter; the quantum state in the sensitive loop passing through the second single mode polarization maintaining fiber is +.>The two photons of (2) are emitted through a second optical fiber collimating mirror and are emitted into a second non-polarizing beam splitter from a sixth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter; quantum state of->Is +.>The two photons of (2) meet at the interface of the second non-polarizing beam splitter and interfere, and the quantum state is +.>The single photons of the first polarization beam splitter are respectively emitted from a seventh port and an eighth port of the second polarization beam splitter, and the quantum state is +.>Two photons of (a) are respectively emitted from a seventh port and an eighth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter;
s4, when the output quantum state from the eighth port isIs output quantum state of +.>When the quantum state after output from the seventh port is +.>Is input to the first polarization beam splitter, and the quantum state after output from the eighth port is +.>Is input to the second polarization beam splitter, and the quantum state output from the seventh port is +.>The two photons of the light pass through the first polarization beam splitter, the horizontal polarization component of the light is transmitted, the vertical polarization component of the light is reflected, the transmitted horizontal polarization component is coupled into the third single mode fiber through the fifth optical fiber space coupler, and the reflected vertical polarization component is coupled into the second single mode fiber through the fourth optical fiber space coupler; the quantum state after output from the eighth port is +.>The single photon of the light passes through the second polarization beam splitter, the horizontal polarization component of the light is transmitted, and the single photon is coupled into the first single mode fiber through the third optical fiber space coupler;
s5, connecting the first single-mode optical fiber, the second single-mode optical fiber and the third single-mode optical fiber with the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector respectively, wherein the single-photon detector is used for converting detected single-photon signals into electric signals;
and inputting output signals of the first single photon detector, the second single photon detector and the third single photon detector to a time amplitude conversion module for coincidence measurement, and pushing out rotation speed information according to the coincidence measurement.
Further, in step S1, the transmission matrix T of the first non-polarizing beam splitter may be expressed as:
wherein R is reflectance.
Further, in step S2, when the entire fiber optic gyroscope is in a rotation environment, the quantum state in the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive loop isIs +.>The quantum state in the sensitive loop of the two-photon and second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber is +.>Is +.>Is shifted by the rotation speed of the two photons, and the rotation speed is set to be +.>Then due to the rotational speed +>The introduced Sagnac phase shift can be expressed as:
in the formula ：iin units of imaginary numbers,
the relative phase difference introduced by the rotational speed difference is:
in the formula ,rin the form of a radius of curvature,Lthe optical fiber length of the sensitive loop of the single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber,cis the speed of light in the vacuum,for the wavelength of light in vacuum, relative phase difference +.>When the fiber optic gyroscope is placed in a rotating environment, the quantum state passing through the sensitive ring of the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber is +.>Is +.>The phase carried by two photons and the quantum state in the sensitive loop passing through the second single mode polarization maintaining fiber are +.>Is +.>The difference in the phase carried by the two photons.
Further, in step S3, annihilation operators output from the seventh port and the eighth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter are:
wherein ,for the initial quantum state input from the first port, < >>An initial quantum state input from the second port; when the quantum state is input from the first port>Is input from the second port with a quantum state of +.>After passing through the sensitive rings of two single-mode polarization-maintaining optical fibers, the quantum state output from the seventh port is recorded as +.>The quantum state output from the eighth port is recorded as +.>。
Further, in step S5, the correlation functions outputted from the seventh port and the eighth port are calculated as:
wherein ,is->Annihilation operator of->Is->Annihilation operators of (a);
indicating that the quantum state output from the seventh port is +.>Two-photon of (a); />Indicating that the quantum state output from the eighth port is +.>Single photons of (a);
formula (VI)The representation is: the input quantum state from the first port is +.>Is input with quantum state of +.>The two photons of the three-photon interference curve can be obtained by carrying out coincidence measurement on a seventh port and an eighth port after passing through the whole fiber optic gyroscope, and the convolution result is obtained by coincidence measurement and the phase change of the coincidence measurement result.
Because the invention uses a ratio of reflectance to transmittance of 2:3, i.e. non-polarizing beam splittersTwo paths of signals output by the seventh port and the eighth port can be calculated through a transmission matrix TPT, and the signals are brought into an associated function:
the correlation function finally measured by coincidence measurement can be obtained:
。
when the whole optical fiber gyro rotates at a speedWhen the changes occur, the relative phase difference introduced +.>Also changes, i.e. the period of the curve oscillation is classically +.>The fringe contrast reaches 100%.
The quantum state of the invention isIs +.>Other than the two photons entering from the first port and the second port of the first non-polarizing beam splitter, the other paths are identical, so that interference can occur.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the two-port input photon state for detection, and one port input quantum state isIs input with quantum state +.>Two-photon of (a); quantum state of->Is +.>The two photons of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber pass through the two single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive rings respectively, the two single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive rings are completely consistent, and the winding mode is identical to that of the traditional method, so that the technology grafting is facilitated.
The quantum state of the invention isIs +.>The two photons of (a) are subjected to quantum interference at a first non-polarized beam splitter before entering two single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive rings, and after passing through the two single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive rings, the two photons are subjected to quantum interference again at a second non-polarized beam splitter, wherein the quantum dynamic range is about hundreds of micrometers (mum), namely hundreds of wavelengths.
Compared with the traditional scheme of using the coherent state as the light source, the invention has the advantages that the measurement precision can be improved by 3 times, namely 3 times super-resolution measurement can be realized on the rotating speed, and the scheme is novel and reliable in principle.
The light path element and the detection device equipment of the invention have mature products and have practical feasibility.
Therefore, the fiber optic gyroscope using the three-photon state as the light source has higher detection sensitivity, and breaks through and solves the problems of aggravation of system complexity and the like caused by the scheme of increasing the fiber optic ring size and the fiber optic length of the traditional fiber optic gyroscope. The method can be used in the fields of earth rotation, precession, astronomical parameter measurement, inertial navigation and the like, opens up a new technical approach of a future high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope, and has wide prospects.
Drawings
The advantages and the manner of carrying out the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the content shown is meant to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention in any sense, and wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the rotational speed measurement of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a compliance measurement device in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a first fiber space coupler; 2. a second fiber space coupler; 3. a first single mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive loop; 4. a second single mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive loop; 5. a first optical fiber collimator; 6. a second fiber collimator; 7. a first non-polarizing beam splitter; 8. a second non-polarizing beam splitter; 9. a first polarizing beam splitter; 10. a second polarizing beam splitter; 11. a third fiber space coupler; 12. a fourth fiber optic space coupler; 13. a fifth fiber space coupler; 14. a first single mode optical fiber; 15. a second single mode optical fiber; 16. a third single mode optical fiber; 17. a first single photon detector; 18. a second single photon detector; 19. a third single photon detector; 20. and a time amplitude conversion module.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the three-photon interference-based fiber gyroscope comprises a fiber space coupling unit, a single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring unit, a fiber collimating mirror unit, a non-polarized beam splitting unit, a polarized beam splitting unit and a single-mode fiber unit,
the optical fiber space coupling unit comprises a first optical fiber space coupler 1, a second optical fiber space coupler 2, a third optical fiber space coupler 11, a fourth optical fiber space coupler 12 and a fifth optical fiber space coupler 13, wherein the optical fiber space coupler comprises an adjusting frame with six-dimensional adjusting function and an objective lens (or an aspheric mirror) for coupling a space light beam into a single-mode optical fiber unit;
the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring unit comprises a first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring 3 and a second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring 4, wherein the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring 3 and the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring 4 are two identical rings wound by single-mode polarization maintaining fibers, the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring 3 and the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring 4 are stacked, and optical fibers selected by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring 3 and the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring 4 correspond to the working wavelength;
the optical fiber collimating lens unit comprises a first optical fiber collimating lens 5 and a second optical fiber collimating lens 6, and is used for collimating and outputting photons passing through the single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring unit to the space;
the non-polarizing beam splitting unit includes a first non-polarizing beam splitter 7 and a second non-polarizing beam splitter 8, and the ratio of the reflectance to the transmittance of the first non-polarizing beam splitter 7 and the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8 is 2:3 (the non-polarizing beam splitter can be replaced by a beam splitting flat plate);
the polarization beam splitting unit comprises a first polarization beam splitter 9 and a second polarization beam splitter 10, and the ratio of the reflectivity to the transmissivity of the first polarization beam splitter 9 and the second polarization beam splitter 10 is 1:1;
the single-mode fiber unit comprises a first single-mode fiber 14, a second single-mode fiber 15 and a third single-mode fiber 16, and the purpose of the single-mode fiber unit is to access light into the single-photon detector;
the output end of the first non-polarizing beam splitter 7 is respectively communicated with the input ends of the first optical fiber space coupler 1 and the second optical fiber space coupler 2, the output end of the first optical fiber space coupler 1 is communicated with the input end of the first single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring 3, and the output end of the first single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring 3 is communicated with the input end of the first optical fiber collimating lens 5; the output end of the second optical fiber space coupler 2 is communicated with the input end of the second single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring 4, and the output end of the second single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring 4 is communicated with the input end of the second optical fiber collimating lens 6; the output ends of the first optical fiber collimating lens 5 and the second optical fiber collimating lens 6 are respectively communicated with the input end of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8, the output end of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8 is respectively communicated with the input ends of the first polarizing beam splitter 9 and the second polarizing beam splitter 10, the output end of the first polarizing beam splitter 9 is respectively communicated with the input ends of the fourth optical fiber space coupler 12 and the fifth optical fiber space coupler 13, and the output end of the second polarizing beam splitter 10 is communicated with the input end of the third optical fiber space coupler 11.
The output ends of the third optical fiber space coupler 11, the fourth optical fiber space coupler 12 and the fifth optical fiber space coupler 13 are respectively connected with a first single-photon detector 17, a second single-photon detector 18 and a third single-photon detector 19 through a first single-mode optical fiber 14, a second single-mode optical fiber 15 and a third single-mode optical fiber 16, and the first single-photon detector 17, the second single-photon detector 18 and the third single-photon detector 19 are connected with a time-amplitude conversion module 20 (TCM).
The invention also provides a measurement method of the fiber optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference, which comprises the following steps:
s1, quantum state isIs +.>Two photons respectively enter an initial photon state from an A port and a B port of the first non-polarizing beam splitter 7, pass through the first non-polarizing beam splitter 7, and the quantum state is +.>Single photon and quantum state of (a)Is split at the first non-polarizing beam splitter 7Interference occurs on the interface and is emitted from the C port and the D port of the first non-polarizing beam splitter 7;
wherein, as shown in FIG. 1, the port A is a first port, the port B is a second port, the port C is a third port, the port D is a fourth port, the port E is a fifth port, the port F is a sixth port, the port G is a seventh port, the port H is an eighth port,
the transmission matrix T of the first non-polarizing beam splitter 7 can be expressed as:
wherein R is reflectance.
S2, the quantum states emitted by the C port and the D port in the step S1 areThe single photon of (1) is coupled into a first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring 3 through a first optical fiber space coupler, and is coupled into a second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring 4 through a second optical fiber space coupler 2; the quantum states emitted by the C port and the D port of the step S1 are +.>The two photons of (1) are coupled into a first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensing ring 3 through a first optical fiber space coupler 1, and are coupled into a second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensing ring 4 through a second optical fiber space coupler 2;
when the whole fiber-optic gyroscope is in a rotating environment, the quantum state in the first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring 3 isIs +.>The quantum state in the two-photon and second single mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring 4 is +.>Is +.>Is shifted by the rotation speed of the two photons, and the rotation speed is set to be +.>Then due to the rotational speed +>The introduced Sagnac phase shift can be expressed as:
in the formula ：iin units of imaginary numbers,
the relative phase difference introduced by the rotational speed difference is:
in the formula ,rin the form of a radius of curvature,Lthe optical fiber length of the sensitive loop of the single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber,cis the speed of light in the vacuum,for the wavelength of light in vacuum, relative phase difference +.>When the fiber optic gyroscope is placed in a rotating environment, the quantum state passing through the first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring 3 is +.>Is +.>The two-photon carried phase and the quantum state passing through the second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring 4 are +.>Is +.>The difference in the phase carried by the two photons.
S3, quantum state in the sensitive ring 3 passing through the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber isThe single photons of (2) are emitted through the first optical fiber collimating mirror 5 and are emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8 from the E port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8; the quantum state passing through the second single mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive loop 4 is +.>The single photons of (2) are emitted through the second optical fiber collimating mirror 6 and are emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8 from the F port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8; the quantum state in the sensitive loop 3 passing through the first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber is +.>The two photons of (2) are emitted through the first optical fiber collimating mirror 5 and are emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8 from the E port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8; the quantum state passing through the second single mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive loop 4 is +.>The two photons of (2) are emitted through the second optical fiber collimating mirror 6 and are emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8 from the F port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8; quantum state of->Is +.>The two photons of (2) meet and interfere at the interface of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8, and the quantum state is +.>The single photons of (2) are respectively emitted from the G port and the H port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8, and the quantum state is +.>Two photons of (2) are respectively emitted from the G port and the H port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8;
annihilation operators output from the G and H ports of the second non-polarizing beam splitter 8 are:
wherein ,for the initial quantum state input from the A-port, < >>Is the initial quantum state input from the B port; when the quantum state is input from the A port>Is input from the B port with the quantum state of +.>After passing through two single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive rings, the quantum state output from the G port is marked as +.>The quantum state output from the H port is recorded as。
S4, taking the output quantum state from the H port asIs output from the G port with quantum state +.>The case of two photons of (a) is exemplified by: the quantum state after being output from the G port is +.>Is input to the first polarization beam splitter 9, and the quantum state after output from the H portIs->Is input to the second polarization beam splitter 10, and the quantum state after output from the G port is +.>The two photons of the light pass through the first polarization beam splitter 9, the horizontal polarization component of the light is transmitted, the vertical polarization component of the light is reflected, the transmitted horizontal polarization component is coupled into the third single-mode optical fiber 16 through the fifth optical fiber space coupler 13, and the reflected vertical polarization component is coupled into the second single-mode optical fiber 15 through the fourth optical fiber space coupler 12; the quantum state after being output from the H port is +.>The horizontally polarized component of the light is transmitted through the second polarizing beam splitter 10 and coupled into the first single mode fiber 14 through the third fiber space coupler 11.
S5, as shown in FIG. 2, the first single-mode optical fiber 14, the second single-mode optical fiber 15 and the third single-mode optical fiber 16 are respectively connected with the first single-photon detector 17, the second single-photon detector 18 and the third single-photon detector 19, and the single-photon detector is used for converting detected single-photon signals into electric signals;
the output signals of the first single photon detector 17, the second single photon detector 18 and the third single photon detector 19 are input to a time amplitude conversion module 20 for coincidence measurement, and the rotation speed information is deduced according to the coincidence measurement.
The correlation functions output from the G port and the H port are calculated as follows:
wherein ,is->Annihilation operator (math meaning)Meaning "complex conjugate">），/>Is->Annihilation operator of (mathematical meaning is the same as "complex conjugate")>）；
Indicating that the quantum state output from the G port is +.>Two-photon of (a); />Representing the output quantum state from the H port asSingle photons of (a);
formula (VI)The representation is: input quantum state from A port is +.>While inputting quantum state from B port asThe two photons of the three-photon interference curve can be obtained by carrying out coincidence measurement on the G port and the H port after passing through the whole fiber optic gyroscope and coincidence measurement results along with phase change. ( The signals of the single photon detectors are subjected to coincidence measurement, namely the signals of the single photon detectors are convolved within a certain time; the mathematical calculation of the coincidence measurement results is by calculating a correlation function )
Because the invention uses a ratio of reflectance to transmittance of 2:3, i.e. non-polarizing beam splittersTwo paths of signals output by the G port and the H port can be calculated through a transmission matrix TPT, and the signals are brought into an associated function:
the correlation function finally measured by coincidence measurement can be obtained:
。
the correlation function obtained by the calculation is the result obtained by the coincidence measurement (convolution of the output signals of the G port and the H port obtained by the coincidence measurement, namely the finally needed coincidence measurement result).
The transmission matrix is obtained by multiplying each device transmission matrix in sequence; the coincidence measurement is to measure two paths of electric signals respectively, namely electric signals obtained by a photoelectric detector, and convolve the electric signals within a certain time, which is a common experimental means of quantum optics.
When the whole optical fiber gyro rotates at a speedWhen the changes occur, the relative phase difference introduced +.>Also changes, i.e. the period of the curve oscillation is classically +.>The fringe contrast reaches 100%.
Since the classical measured interference curve measures the light intensity,, in the formula ,Ifor the light intensity detected by the photodetector, the oscillation period of the three-photon interference curve is 1/3 of that of the classical case (because in the classical case, the existing interference type fiber optic gyroscope using laser or Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) light as a light source is used, and the measurement is that the light intensity after two beams of light propagating in opposite directions are interfered by the photodetector is directly measured, so that an interference curve is obtained).
The foregoing describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by this patent.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a fiber optic gyroscope based on three photon interfere which characterized in that: comprises an optical fiber space coupling unit, a single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring unit, an optical fiber collimating mirror unit, a non-polarized beam splitting unit, a polarized beam splitting unit and a single-mode optical fiber unit,
the optical fiber space coupling unit comprises a first optical fiber space coupler, a second optical fiber space coupler, a third optical fiber space coupler, a fourth optical fiber space coupler and a fifth optical fiber space coupler;
the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring unit comprises a first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring and a second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring, wherein the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring and the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring are two identical rings wound by single-mode polarization maintaining fibers, and the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring and the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber sensitive ring are stacked;
the optical fiber collimating mirror unit comprises a first optical fiber collimating mirror and a second optical fiber collimating mirror;
the non-polarized beam splitting unit comprises a first non-polarized beam splitter and a second non-polarized beam splitter, wherein the ratio of the reflectivity to the transmissivity of the first non-polarized beam splitter and the second non-polarized beam splitter is 2:3, a step of;
the polarization beam splitting unit comprises a first polarization beam splitter and a second polarization beam splitter, and the ratio of the reflectivity to the transmissivity of the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter is 1:1;
the single-mode optical fiber unit comprises a first single-mode optical fiber, a second single-mode optical fiber and a third single-mode optical fiber;
the output end of the first non-polarizing beam splitter is respectively communicated with the input ends of the first optical fiber space coupler and the second optical fiber space coupler, the output end of the first optical fiber space coupler is communicated with the input end of a first single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring, and the output end of the first single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring is communicated with the input end of a first optical fiber collimator; the output end of the second optical fiber space coupler is communicated with the input end of a second single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring, and the output end of the second single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive ring is communicated with the input end of a second optical fiber collimating lens; the output ends of the first optical fiber collimating lens and the second optical fiber collimating lens are respectively communicated with the input end of a second non-polarizing beam splitter, the output end of the second non-polarizing beam splitter is respectively communicated with the input ends of a first polarizing beam splitter and a second polarizing beam splitter, the output end of the first polarizing beam splitter is respectively communicated with the input ends of a fourth optical fiber space coupler and a fifth optical fiber space coupler, and the output end of the second polarizing beam splitter is communicated with the input end of a third optical fiber space coupler;
the output ends of the third optical fiber space coupler, the fourth optical fiber space coupler and the fifth optical fiber space coupler are respectively connected with the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector through the first single-mode optical fiber, the second single-mode optical fiber and the third single-mode optical fiber, and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector are connected with the time amplitude conversion module.
2. The method for measuring the fiber-optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference is characterized in that the fiber-optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference is adopted in the method for measuring the fiber-optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, quantum state isIs +.>The two photons of (a) are respectively emitted into an initial photon state from a first port and a second port of a first non-polarizing beam splitter, and the initial photon state passes through the first non-polarizing beam splitter, wherein the quantum state is +.>Single photon and quantum state of (a)The two photons of the first non-polarized beam splitter interface interfere and are emitted from a third port and a fourth port of the first non-polarized beam splitter;
s2, quantum states emitted by the third port and the fourth port of the first non-polarizing beam splitter in the step S1 areThe single photon of the (a) is coupled into a first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring through a first optical fiber space coupler, and is coupled into a second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensitive ring through a second optical fiber space coupler; the quantum states emitted from the third port and the fourth port of the first non-polarizing beam splitter in the step S1 are +.>The two photons of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber are coupled into a first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensing ring through a first optical fiber space coupler, and are coupled into a second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber sensing ring through a second optical fiber space coupler;
s3, quantum state in the sensitive ring passing through the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber isThe single photon of the (B) is emitted through the first optical fiber collimating mirror and is emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter from the fifth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter; the quantum state in the sensitive loop passing through the second single mode polarization maintaining fiber is +.>The single photon of (2) is emitted through the second optical fiber collimating mirror and is emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter from the sixth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter; the quantum state in the sensitive loop passing through the first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber is +.>The two photons of (1) are emitted through the first optical fiber collimating mirror and are emitted into the second non-polarizing beam splitter from the fifth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter; the quantum state in the sensitive loop passing through the second single mode polarization maintaining fiber is +.>The two photons of (2) are emitted through a second optical fiber collimating mirror and are emitted into a second non-polarizing beam splitter from a sixth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter; quantum state of->Is +.>The two photons of (2) meet at the interface of the second non-polarizing beam splitter and interfere, and the quantum state is +.>The single photons of the first polarization beam splitter are respectively emitted from a seventh port and an eighth port of the second polarization beam splitter, and the quantum state is +.>Two photons of (a) are respectively emitted from a seventh port and an eighth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter;
s4, when the quantum state output from the eighth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter isIs output quantum state of +.>When the quantum state after output from the seventh port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter is +.>Is input to the first polarization beam splitter, and the quantum state output from the eighth port of the second non-polarization beam splitter is +.>The single photon of (2) is input into a second polarization beam splitter, and the quantum state output from a seventh port of the second non-polarization beam splitter is +.>The two photons of the light pass through the first polarization beam splitter, the horizontal polarization component of the light is transmitted, the vertical polarization component of the light is reflected, the transmitted horizontal polarization component is coupled into the third single mode fiber through the fifth optical fiber space coupler, and the reflected vertical polarization component is coupled into the second single mode fiber through the fourth optical fiber space coupler; the quantum state after being output from the eighth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter is +>The single photon of the light passes through the second polarization beam splitter, the horizontal polarization component of the light is transmitted, and the single photon is coupled into the first single mode fiber through the third optical fiber space coupler;
s5, connecting the first single-mode optical fiber, the second single-mode optical fiber and the third single-mode optical fiber with the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector respectively, wherein the single-photon detector is used for converting detected single-photon signals into electric signals;
and inputting output signals of the first single photon detector, the second single photon detector and the third single photon detector to a time amplitude conversion module for coincidence measurement, and pushing out rotation speed information according to the coincidence measurement.
3. The method for measuring the fiber-optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the transmission matrix T of the first non-polarizing beam splitter is expressed as:
wherein R is reflectance.
4. The method for measuring the fiber-optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, when the whole fiber-optic gyroscope is in a rotation environment, the quantum state in the sensitive loop of the first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber isIs +.>The quantum state in the sensitive loop of the two-photon and second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber is +.>Is +.>Is shifted by the rotation speed of the two photons, and the rotation speed is set to be +.>Then due to the rotational speed +>The introduced Sagnac phase shift is expressed as:
in the formula ：iin units of imaginary numbers,
the relative phase difference introduced by the rotational speed difference is:
in the formula ,rin the form of a radius of curvature,Lthe optical fiber length of the sensitive loop of the single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber,cis the speed of light in the vacuum,for the wavelength of light in vacuum, relative phase difference +.>When the fiber optic gyroscope is placed in a rotating environment, the quantum state passing through the sensitive ring of the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber is +.>Is +.>The phase carried by two photons and the quantum state in the sensitive loop passing through the second single mode polarization maintaining fiber are +.>Is +.>The difference in the phase carried by the two photons.
5. The method for measuring the fiber-optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, annihilation operators output from the seventh port and the eighth port of the second non-polarizing beam splitter are:
wherein ,for the initial quantum state input from the first port, < >>An initial quantum state input from the second port; when the quantum state is input from the first port>Is input from the second port with a quantum state of +.>After passing through the sensitive rings of two single-mode polarization-maintaining optical fibers, the quantum state output from the seventh port is recorded as +.>The quantum state output from the eighth port is recorded as +.>。
6. The method for measuring the fiber-optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the correlation functions outputted from the seventh port and the eighth port are calculated as:
wherein ,is->Annihilation operator of->Is->Annihilation operators of (a);
indicating that the quantum state output from the seventh port is +.>Two-photon of (a); />Representing the quantum state output from the eighth port asSingle photons of (a);
formula (VI)The representation is: the input quantum state from the first port is +.>While inputting quantum state from the second port asThe two photons of (2) pass through the whole fiber optic gyroscope and then are subjected to convolution results obtained through coincidence measurement at a seventh port and an eighth port, and a three-photon interference curve is obtained along with the phase change of the coincidence measurement results.
7. The method for measuring the fiber-optic gyroscope based on three-photon interference according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ratio of the reflectivity to the transmissivity of the first and second non-polarizing beam splitters is 2:3,two paths of signals output by the seventh port and the eighth port are calculated through a transmission matrix TPT, andbringing in an associated functionObtaining a correlation function finally measured by coincidence measurement:
。
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