CN116624755A - Full-time replacement and evacuation system for vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container and vacuum interlayer obtaining method - Google Patents
Full-time replacement and evacuation system for vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container and vacuum interlayer obtaining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116624755A CN116624755A CN202310502603.0A CN202310502603A CN116624755A CN 116624755 A CN116624755 A CN 116624755A CN 202310502603 A CN202310502603 A CN 202310502603A CN 116624755 A CN116624755 A CN 116624755A
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 247
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 266
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 149
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 128
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
- F17C3/085—Cryostats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
- F17C2203/0395—Getter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum multilayer heat insulation container full-time replacement evacuation system and a vacuum interlayer obtaining method, belonging to the technical field of low-temperature heat insulation, comprising the following steps: the inner container heating and cooling circulation system is used for circularly heating or cooling the inner container; a full-time replacement system for filling a replacement gas into the low-temperature side of the multilayer heat-insulating structure when replacing the gas in the inside of the multilayer heat-insulating structure and the interlayer; the exhaust channel is arranged on the outer container and communicated with the interlayer, and is provided with an interlayer evacuating valve, a dew point instrument and an interlayer air outlet temperature sensor; the evacuating unit is used for evacuating the interlayer; an outer container heat-insulating cover for insulating the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container; and the control system is used for controlling each system. The structure and the method can ensure that the container has excellent replacement efficiency and replacement effect, and the detection result of the dew point instrument is used as an evaluation index of the replacement effect, so that the automatic control of the replacement process and the replacement termination is realized, and the artificial interference is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low-temperature heat insulation of high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation containers, and particularly relates to a full-time replacement evacuation system of a vacuum multi-layer heat insulation container and a vacuum interlayer obtaining method, which are suitable for low-temperature medium storage and transportation equipment with an ultra-multiple reflecting screen and an ultra-thick heat insulation structure and with the low-temperature side air supply capacity of a heat insulation structure.
Background
The hydrogen energy storage and transportation is a key link of hydrogen energy utilization and a neck clamping link, and the liquid hydrogen is distinguished in the hydrogen energy storage and transportation modes of hydrogen fixation, high-pressure gas hydrogen and the like because of the highest storage and transportation efficiency.
The liquid hydrogen storage and transportation adopts a high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation mode, the high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation is formed by alternately winding a multi-layer reflecting screen and a spacing layer and pumping the spacing layer into high vacuum, is a heat insulation mode with the best performance in the modern low-temperature heat insulation, has the advantages of small quality, stable performance, less pre-cooling loss and the like, is called super heat insulation, and is widely applied to heat insulation of liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen and other freezing liquefied gas containers and pipelines. The heat transfer of the multi-layer heat insulation structure comprises three parts of radiation heat transfer, solid conduction heat transfer and residual gas heat transfer, wherein the solid conduction heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer are determined after the structure of the heat insulation layer is determined; while residual gas heat transfer increases with increasing stack pressure, and heat transfer through multiple layers of insulation is only dependent on stack pressure. Therefore, how to reduce the pressure of the interlayer and keep the interlayer in high vacuum for a long time is a key for ensuring the heat preservation performance of the high vacuum multilayer heat insulation structure.
The traditional interlayer vacuumizing process has the defects of high energy consumption, long time consumption, high labor consumption, short service life of the obtained vacuum and the like; in addition, the multi-layer heat insulating container is coated with multi-layer heat insulating materials, and the heat insulating materials are wound on the inner container after being stacked by tens of layers, hundreds of layers and even about 200 layers of film materials in the liquid hydrogen container, and have the characteristics of small heat conductivity, more layers, large surface area, compact arrangement and the like, so that the multi-layer heat insulating materials have the problems of poor heat transfer, large adsorbed gas quantity, difficult desorption of the adsorbed gas and the like. The main difficulty in vacuum multilayer insulation is to obtain and maintain a desired degree of vacuum for a long period of time in the vacuum sandwich insulation chamber.
In addition, the gas which is not easy to be adsorbed under the temperature of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogenH2, he, ne, and He, ne at the liquid hydrogen temperature. He. Ne has a low liquefaction temperature and is hardly adsorbed by various adsorbents, and they are not substantially adsorbed by activated carbon or 5A molecular sieves even at the liquid hydrogen temperature. These gases are important factors that affect the rise in interlayer vacuum at low temperature operating conditions during the vacuum life of the cryogenic vessel. Although the air has a very small content of the above two gases (neon occupies 1.8X10 volume -3 The helium volume is 5.4X10% -4 In%) but the interlayer residue He, ne has a significant impact on the long term vacuum of the interlayer. In the process of vacuumizing and degassing, pure nitrogen which is easy to be adsorbed and desorbed is used for flushing and replacing for many times, and then the vacuum pumping is carried out, so that the moisture in the interlayer and gases such as He, ne and the like which are not easy to be adsorbed or pumped away can be effectively removed, and the higher interlayer vacuum degree can be obtained.
A system and method for obtaining vacuum from a vacuum multi-layer insulated low temperature container sandwich, such as disclosed in applicant's prior application (application publication number CN111810834 a), comprises: the inner container heating and cooling circulating system is connected with the inner container and is used for circularly heating or cooling the inner container; the outer container heating and cooling circulation system is used for circularly heating or cooling the outer container; the micro-positive pressure nitrogen flushing displacement system is connected with the interlayer and is used for displacing gas in the interlayer; the evacuating unit is connected with the interlayer and is used for evacuating the interlayer; the control system is used for controlling the inner container heating and cooling circulation system, the outer container heating and cooling circulation system, the micro-positive pressure nitrogen flushing and replacing system and the evacuating unit. In the prior art, a pressure difference of less than or equal to 0.1MPa is formed in stages between the low temperature side and the high temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure, and the pressure difference can meet the replacement requirement of the heat insulation structure (the total layer number is about 100 layers) of the liquid nitrogen temperature region under the premise of matching reasonable equipment and process parameters; however, the ultra-thick heat insulation structure (160 layers to 200 layers in total) of the liquid hydrogen container cannot be effectively replaced, because the heat insulation layers of the liquid hydrogen container are too many, under the condition of the maximum 0.1MPa replacement pressure difference, the replaced nitrogen molecules cannot reach the part of the heat insulation quilt inner layer, a replacement blind area is formed in the part, the part cannot be effectively evacuated after the replacement is finished, an evacuation blind area is further formed, and a large amount of air and water vapor are reserved; the vacuum pumping is not thorough, the convection heat conduction of the residual gas between layers is too large, and the effect of vacuum multilayer heat insulation and super heat insulation is partially counteracted; secondly, the heat insulation layers are too many, the gas molecule passing resistance of the deep heat insulation material is increased, the nitrogen replacement and discharge efficiency is low, the result can be slightly improved only by greatly increasing the replacement period, the process energy consumption is greatly increased, the production cost is greatly increased, and the effect is unsatisfactory. Thirdly, nitrogen can be filled for replacement after low vacuum exhaust, which is equivalent to intermittent replacement, resulting in long replacement period, low replacement efficiency and increased replacement power consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a full-time replacement and evacuation system for a vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container and a vacuum interlayer obtaining method, which are used for solving the problems of low replacement efficiency, long replacement period, high energy consumption, poor replacement and evacuation effects, short vacuum service life, poor heat insulation performance of a heat-insulating quilt structure and the like in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container full-time replacement evacuation system, the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container includes an outer container and an inner container arranged in the outer container, an interlayer exists between the inner container and the outer container, the outer surface of the inner container is wrapped with a multilayer heat-insulating structure, the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container comprises:
the inner container heating and cooling circulation system is connected with the inner container and is used for circularly heating or cooling the inner container;
a full-time substitution system connected between the inner container and the multi-layer heat insulation structure for filling a substitution gas into the low temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure when substituting the gas inside the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer;
the exhaust channel is arranged on the outer container and communicated with the interlayer, is used for exhausting the replacement gas when the inside of the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer gas are replaced, and is used for connecting an evacuating unit when vacuumizing; an interlayer evacuation valve, a dew point meter and an interlayer air outlet temperature sensor are arranged on the exhaust channel;
The evacuating unit is used for connecting to the exhaust channel and evacuating the interlayer when vacuumizing;
an outer container heat-insulating cover wrapping the outer container for insulating the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container during replacement and evacuation;
and the control system is used for receiving detection signals from the dew point meter and the interlayer air outlet temperature sensor and controlling the inner container heating and cooling circulation system, the full-time replacement system and the evacuating unit.
Preferably, the full-time replacement system comprises a nitrogen source, an interlayer gas heater and an interlayer nitrogen supply valve; the air inlet end of the interlayer gas heater is connected with a nitrogen source, and the air outlet end of the interlayer gas heater extends between the inner container and the multilayer heat insulation structure; the interlayer nitrogen supply valve is arranged between the nitrogen source and the interlayer gas heater; a nitrogen source pressure sensor is also connected between the interlayer gas heater and the nitrogen source; the air outlet end of the interlayer gas heater is also connected with an interlayer air inlet pressure sensor and an interlayer air inlet temperature sensor; the interlayer gas heater, the nitrogen source pressure sensor, the interlayer nitrogen supply valve, the interlayer air inlet temperature sensor and the interlayer air inlet pressure sensor are all in communication connection with the control system.
Preferably, the exhaust channel is communicated with the full-time replacement system through a circulation unit when the inside of the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer gas are replaced; the circulating unit comprises an interlayer bidirectional circulating fan and a water adsorption sieve, an outlet of the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan is connected between an interlayer nitrogen supply valve and an interlayer gas heater, and an interlayer nitrogen exhaust valve and an interlayer circulating nitrogen inlet valve are sequentially connected between the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan and the interlayer nitrogen supply valve; the inlet of the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan is connected with the air outlet of the water adsorption sieve, and the air inlet of the water adsorption sieve is also connected with the air inlet valve of the water adsorption sieve; the inlet of the bidirectional circulating fan is also communicated with the exhaust channel through a pipeline connected with the water adsorption sieve in parallel, and the pipeline connected with the circulating through valve in parallel; the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan, the circulating through valve, the water adsorption sieve air inlet valve, the interlayer nitrogen gas exhaust valve and the interlayer circulating nitrogen gas inlet valve are all in communication connection with the control system.
Preferably, the evacuating unit is connected to the exhaust channel after the replacement is finished, the evacuating unit comprises a high-vacuum evacuating pump and a backing pump, a KF25 reserved interface and a backing valve are sequentially connected between the high-vacuum evacuating pump and the backing pump, and a low-vacuum resistance gauge and a high-vacuum ionization gauge are arranged on the high-vacuum evacuating pump; a high vacuum baffle valve and an evacuating pipeline vacuum gauge are also connected between the evacuating unit and the interlayer evacuating valve in sequence; the high vacuum evacuation pump, the backing valve and the high vacuum baffle valve are all in communication connection with a control system.
Preferably, the inner container heating and cooling circulation system comprises an inner container circulation fan, an inner container gas heater and an inner container cooling air inlet valve, wherein the air outlet end of the inner container circulation fan is connected with the air inlet end of the inner container gas heater, the air outlet end of the inner container gas heater and the air inlet end of the inner container circulation fan are both connected with the inner container, an inner container cooling exhaust valve is connected with the air inlet end of the inner container circulation fan, an inner container air inlet valve is further connected between the inner container gas heater and the inner container, and an inner container cooling exhaust valve and an inner container air outlet valve are further connected between the inner container circulation fan and the inner container in sequence; the inner container circulating fan, the inner container gas heater, the inner container air inlet valve, the cooling exhaust valve, the inner container air outlet valve and the inner container cooling air inlet valve are all in communication connection with the control system.
Preferably, the inner container heating and cooling circulation system further comprises an inner container air inlet temperature sensor and an inner container air outlet temperature sensor, wherein the inner container air inlet temperature sensor is connected between an inner container air inlet valve and the inner container, and the inner container air outlet temperature sensor is connected between the inner container and an inner container cooling exhaust valve; the inner container cooling air inlet valve is also matched with a filter; and the inner container air inlet temperature sensor and the inner container air outlet temperature sensor are both in communication connection with the control system.
Preferably, the inner container gas heater and the inner container circulating fan are also connected with a nitrogen source in the full-time replacement system through a high-purity nitrogen inlet valve, and the high-purity nitrogen inlet valve is in communication connection with the control system.
The invention also relates to a method for obtaining the vacuum interlayer by adopting the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container full-time replacement evacuation system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating a vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container: placing the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container into an outer container heat-insulating cover, and starting an inner container heating and cooling circulating system by a control system to circularly heat the inner container;
s2, replacing interlayer air: the control system starts a full-time replacement system, the full-time replacement system fills heated replacement gas into the low-temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure, the replacement gas penetrates through the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer and is discharged from an exhaust channel on the outer container, the dew point meter monitors the water content of the interlayer replacement gas on line, and when the water content of the replacement gas is lower than a set value, the replacement of the gas of the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer is ended;
s3, filling an adsorbent: filling the adsorbent into the sandwich adsorbent cabin on the outer surface of the inner container;
s4, vacuumizing the interlayer: and connecting the evacuating unit to an exhaust channel, starting the evacuating machine by the control system to evacuate the displacement gas in the interlayer, cooling the inner container through the inner container heating and cooling circulating system after the vacuum degree reaches a preset vacuum degree, removing the outer container heat preservation cover to cool the outer container, and continuing evacuating the displacement gas to vacuum.
Preferably, when the air in the interlayer is replaced in the step S2, the interlayer two-way circulating fan and the water adsorption sieve are used for communicating the interlayer evacuation valve with the interlayer gas heater, and a pipeline connected in parallel with the water adsorption sieve is connected between the interlayer two-way circulating fan and the interlayer nitrogen supply valve, so that the replacement gas output from the interlayer evacuation valve is returned to the interlayer gas heater after moisture is absorbed by the water adsorption sieve.
Preferably, when the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container is heated in the step S1, the heating and cooling circulation system of the inner container is allowed to be communicated with the full-time replacement system, and the nitrogen output by the nitrogen source in the full-time replacement system is used for heating the inner container.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the full-time replacement and evacuation system of the vacuum multi-layer heat insulation container comprises a full-time replacement system and an exhaust channel, wherein the full-time replacement system is used for filling replacement gas into the low-temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure when replacing gas in the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer, and further forms a forward pressure difference of about 0.2MPa on the low-temperature side and the high-temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure, so that the replacement hot nitrogen continuously and completely penetrates the whole multi-layer heat insulation structure to perform heat transfer and gas molecule replacement, the replacement efficiency is 3-5 times that of the traditional replacement mode, the replacement period can be shortened to 1/3 or more of the traditional replacement mode, the replacement effect is ideal, energy conservation and consumption reduction can be greatly realized, and the economic and social benefits are huge; the exhaust channel is provided with the dew point instrument which is used for monitoring the water content of the interlayer replacement gas on line, the nitrogen penetrates through the multi-layer heat insulation structure during gas replacement, the water content data measured by the dew point instrument can truly reflect the water content of the interlayer material, the water content data is used as a replacement effect evaluation index, automatic control of the replacement process and the replacement termination can be realized, the interference of human factors is reduced, the mass production efficiency is improved, and the mass production quality control is realized.
2. The full-time replacement and evacuation system of the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container also comprises an interlayer bidirectional circulating fan and a water adsorption sieve, wherein the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan and the water adsorption sieve are arranged between an interlayer evacuation valve and an interlayer gas heater, gas output from the interlayer evacuation valve is dehydrated and recycled in the process of replacing interlayer gas, and the hot nitrogen continuous circulation operation is combined with a fresh nitrogen alternate replacement mode, so that the heating efficiency can be improved, and the interlayer H is accelerated 2 O is eliminated, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the nitrogen consumption is saved.
3. When the full-time replacement system of the full-time replacement evacuation system of the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container disclosed by the invention is used for replacing the gas in the multi-layer heat-insulating structure and the interlayer, hot replacement gas is filled into the low-temperature side of the multi-layer heat-insulating structure, so that the replacement hot nitrogen continuously and completely penetrates through the whole multi-layer heat-insulating structure, the temperature of the multi-layer heat-insulating structure in the replacement process is ensured, the heat transfer efficiency is high, the effect is good, the nitrogen replacement potential energy is 2 times that of the conventional process, an external heating drying room is not required, and considerable fixed investment cost is saved.
4. The replacement method of the invention can effectively absorb water and O absorbed by the interlayer material 2 H and H 2 Rare gas such as/He/Ne which is not easy to be adsorbed by adsorbent is replaced by N which is easy to be desorbed 2 And the interlayer is discharged through a final evacuation process, so that the number of molecules of the interlayer residual gas can be effectively reduced, the ideal vacuum degree is finally obtained, the convection heat conduction of the interlayer residual gas is basically eliminated, and the heat insulation performance of the integral heat insulation structure is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall composition of a vacuum multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a full-time displacement process of a vacuum multi-layer insulated container full-time displacement evacuation system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an evacuation process of an empty multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system;
reference numerals: 1-an inner container air inlet temperature sensor; 2-an inner container air inlet valve; 3-an inner vessel gas heater; 4-high-purity nitrogen inlet valve; 5-an inner container circulating fan; 6-inner container cooling air inlet valve; 7-a filter; 8-an inner container air outlet valve; 9-an inner container cooling exhaust valve; 10-an inner container air outlet temperature sensor; 11-an outer container heat preservation cover; 12-an outer container; 13-a multilayer insulation structure; 14-nitrogen pipeline; 15-an inner container; 16-an interlayer; 17-adsorbent capsule; 18-interlayer nitrogen inlet connecting hose; 19-interlayer nitrogen inlet pipeline; 20-an interlayer intake air temperature sensor; 21-an interlayer intake pressure sensor; 22-an interlayer gas heater; 23-interlayer nitrogen supply valve; 24-nitrogen source pressure sensor; 25-nitrogen source; 26-an inner tank nitrogen supply valve; 27-interlayer circulating nitrogen inlet valve; 28-interlayer nitrogen exhaust valve; 29-an interlayer bidirectional circulating fan; 30-water adsorption screen; 31-circulation through a valve; 32-water adsorption screen air inlet valve; 33-interlayer vacuum gauge; 34-dew point meter; 35-an interlayer air outlet temperature sensor; 36-an interlayer evacuation valve; 37-evacuating the unit; 38-high vacuum flapper valve; 39-a control system; 40-low temperature adsorbent; 41-backing valve; 42-backing pump; reserving an interface by 43-KF 25; 44-low vacuum resistance gauge; 45-high vacuum evacuation pump; 46-high vacuum ionization gauge; 47-evacuation line vacuum gauge.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings for the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, which examples are provided for the purpose of illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention relates to a full-time replacement and evacuation system for a vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating low-temperature container, which is used for carrying out nitrogen replacement and vacuumizing on an interlayer of the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating low-temperature container, wherein the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating low-temperature container comprises an outer container 12 and an inner container 15, an interlayer 16 is arranged between the outer container 12 and the inner container 15, the periphery of the inner container 15 is provided with a multi-layer heat-insulating structure 13, and the heat-insulating layer 13 is wound on the inner container 15 after being stacked by tens or even hundreds of layers of film materials, and has the characteristics of small heat conductivity, more layers and the like, so that the heat-insulating performance of the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating low-temperature container is better; the outer surface of the inner vessel 15 is also provided with an adsorbent chamber 17, the adsorbent chamber 17 being for filling with a cryogenic adsorbent 40. The vacuum multilayer insulated cryogenic vessel full time displacement evacuation system comprises: the inner container heating and cooling circulation system is connected with the inner container and is used for circularly heating or cooling the inner container; a full-time substitution system connected between the inner container and the multi-layer heat insulation structure for filling a substitution gas into the low temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure when substituting the gas inside the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer; the exhaust channel is arranged on the outer container and communicated with the interlayer, is used for exhausting the replacement gas when the inside of the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer gas are replaced, and is used for connecting an evacuating unit when vacuumizing; the exhaust channel is provided with an interlayer evacuation valve 36, a dew point meter 34 and an interlayer air outlet temperature sensor 35, and the dew point meter 34 and the interlayer air outlet temperature sensor 35 are both in communication connection with a control system 39 and transmit measurement data to the control system 39 for display; the evacuating unit 37 is communicated with the interlayer, and is used for being connected to the exhaust channel and evacuating the interlayer when vacuumizing; an outer container heat-insulating cover 11 for wrapping the outer container 12 and insulating the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container during replacement and evacuation; and a control system 39 for receiving detection signals from the dew point meter 34, the interlayer air outlet temperature sensor 35, and the temperature sensors and pressure sensors in the inner container heating and cooling circulation system, the full-time replacement system, and the evacuation unit, and controlling the inner container heating and cooling circulation system, the full-time replacement system, and the evacuation unit.
Referring to fig. 1, the heating and cooling circulation system of the inner container comprises an inner container circulation fan 5, an inner container gas heater 3 and an inner container cooling air inlet valve 6, wherein the air outlet end of the inner container circulation fan 5 is connected with the air inlet end of the inner container gas heater 3, the air outlet end of the inner container gas heater 3 and the air inlet end of the inner container circulation fan 5 are both connected with an inner container 15 of a vacuum multilayer heat insulation low-temperature container, an inner container cooling exhaust valve 9 is also connected with the air inlet end of the inner container circulation fan 5, an inner container air inlet valve 2 for controlling air inlet of the inner container heating and cooling circulation system is also connected between the inner container gas heater 3 and the inner container 15, a high-purity nitrogen air inlet valve 4 is connected between the inner container gas heater 3 and the inner container circulation fan 5 and is connected with a nitrogen source 25 in the full-time replacement system through a pipeline, and an inner container nitrogen supply valve 26 is arranged on the pipeline; an inner container cooling exhaust valve 9 and an inner container air outlet valve 8 for controlling air outlet of the inner container heating and cooling circulating system are sequentially connected between the inner container circulating fan 5 and the inner container 15, the inner container cooling air inlet valve 6 is matched with a filter 7 for filtering air of the inner container heating and cooling circulating system, and the inner container cooling exhaust valve 9 is used for discharging hot air in the inner container 15 in a summarizing way in the process of cooling the inner container 15; the inner container circulating fan 5, the inner container gas heater 3, the inner container gas inlet valve 2, the cooling exhaust valve 9, the inner container gas outlet valve 8 and the inner container cooling air inlet valve 6 are all in communication connection with the control system 39 and are driven to be switched by the control system 39, the gas conveyed by the inner container circulating fan 5 is nitrogen or dry air, and the inner container gas heater 3 can be heated by using natural gas energy or electric energy.
In the cyclic heating process, the inner container air inlet valve 2 and the inner container air outlet valve 8 are opened, the inner container cooling exhaust valve 9 is closed, the gas heats the inner container 15 and then is recovered and reused through the inner container circulating fan 5 and the inner container gas heater 3, the residual temperature of the gas is fully utilized, and the energy consumption of heating the gas is reduced; in the process of cooling the inner container, the inner container gas heater 3 and the inner container gas outlet valve 8 are closed, the inner container cooling air inlet valve 6, the inner container air inlet valve 2 and the inner container cooling air outlet valve 9 are opened, normal temperature gas is input into the inner container, and high temperature gas in the inner container 15 is discharged from the inner container cooling air outlet valve 9.
The inner container heating and cooling circulation system further comprises an inner container air inlet temperature sensor 1 and an inner container air outlet temperature sensor 10, wherein the inner container air inlet temperature sensor 1 is connected between an inner container air inlet valve 2 and an inner container 15 and is used for measuring the temperature of input gas of the inner container heating and cooling circulation system, the inner container air outlet temperature sensor 10 is connected between the inner container 15 and an inner container cooling exhaust valve 9 and is used for measuring the air outlet temperature of the inner container heating and cooling circulation system, and the inner container air inlet temperature sensor 1 and the inner container air outlet temperature sensor 10 are both in communication connection with a control system 39 and transmit temperature information to the control system 39 for display. During the cyclic heating process, the control system 39 turns on or off the inner vessel gas heater 3 according to the temperatures detected by the inner vessel inlet gas temperature sensor 1 and the inner vessel outlet gas temperature sensor 10; in the cooling process, the container outlet gas temperature sensor 10 detects the temperature of the outlet gas, and when the detected temperature is the same as the room temperature or reaches the process set value, the cooling is stopped.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the full-time substitution system comprises a nitrogen source 25, an interlayer gas heater 22, an interlayer nitrogen supply valve 23, a nitrogen source pressure sensor 24, an interlayer inlet gas temperature sensor 20 and an interlayer inlet gas pressure sensor 21; the air inlet end of the interlayer gas heater 22 is connected with a nitrogen source 25, the air outlet end of the interlayer gas heater 22 is connected with an interlayer air inlet, and an interlayer nitrogen supply valve 23 and a nitrogen source pressure sensor 24 are sequentially connected between the interlayer gas heater 22 and the nitrogen source 25; the interlayer gas heater 22 and the interlayer gas inlet are sequentially connected with the interlayer gas inlet pressure sensor 21 and the interlayer gas inlet temperature sensor 20, a nitrogen pipeline 14 is arranged between the inner container 15 and the multilayer heat insulation structure 13, an interlayer nitrogen gas inlet connecting hose 18 is arranged between the inner container 15 and the outer container 12, the interlayer nitrogen gas inlet connecting hose 18 penetrates through the multilayer heat insulation structure 13, the low-temperature end of the interlayer nitrogen gas inlet connecting hose 18 is connected with the nitrogen pipeline 14, the gas outlet end of the interlayer gas heater 22 is connected to the high-temperature end of the interlayer nitrogen gas inlet connecting hose 18 through the interlayer nitrogen gas inlet pipeline 19, and then high-temperature nitrogen gas enters between the inner container 15 and the multilayer heat insulation structure 13; the sandwich gas heater 22 and the sandwich nitrogen supply valve 23 are both in communication with a control system 39 and are switched by the control system 39. The interlayer inlet air temperature sensor 20, the interlayer inlet air pressure sensor 21 and the nitrogen source pressure sensor 24 are all in communication connection with the control system 39, and the measured temperature information and the measured pressure information are transmitted to the control system 39 for display.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the full-time replacement system is also in communication with the exhaust passage through a circulation unit comprising an interlayer bidirectional circulation fan 29 and a water adsorption screen 30; the outlet of the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan 29 is connected to the interlayer nitrogen supply valve 23, and an interlayer nitrogen exhaust valve 28 and an interlayer circulating nitrogen inlet valve 27 are sequentially connected between the two; the inlet of the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan 29 is connected with the air outlet of the water adsorption sieve 30, and the air inlet of the water adsorption sieve 30 is connected with the air inlet valve 32 of the water adsorption sieve; the circulating through valve 31 is connected in parallel with the pipeline of the water adsorption sieve 30, the air inlet of the circulating through valve is connected to the air inlet of the air inlet valve 32 of the water adsorption sieve, and the air outlet of the circulating through valve is connected between the water adsorption sieve 30 and the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan 29; the air inlet of the circulating through valve 31 is connected to the interlayer evacuation valve 36, and the interlayer evacuation valve 36 is provided with an interlayer air outlet temperature sensor 35 and a dew point meter 34, and in the embodiment, the interlayer air outlet temperature sensor 35 and the dew point meter 34 are arranged between the circulating through valve 31 and the interlayer evacuation valve 36; the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan 29, the water adsorption sieve 30, the circulating through valve 31, the water adsorption sieve air inlet valve 32, the interlayer nitrogen gas exhaust valve 28 and the interlayer circulating nitrogen gas inlet valve 27 are all in communication connection with the control system 39 and are driven to open and close by the control system 39.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the evacuation unit 37 is connected to the interlayer evacuation valve 36 after the replacement is completed, and a high vacuum baffle valve 38 and an evacuation pipeline vacuum gauge 47 are sequentially connected between the evacuation unit and the interlayer evacuation valve 36; the evacuating unit 37 comprises a high-vacuum evacuating pump 45 and a backing pump 42, and a KF25 reserved interface 43 and a backing valve 41 are sequentially connected between the high-vacuum evacuating pump 45 and the backing pump 42; the high vacuum evacuating pump 45 is provided with a low vacuum resistance gauge 44 and a high vacuum ionization gauge 46 for detecting the vacuum degree in the vacuum cavity of the high vacuum evacuating pump 45; the high vacuum flapper valve 38, high vacuum pump 45, backing pump 42, backing valve 41 are all communicatively connected to the control system 39 and are switched by the control system 39. The evacuation line vacuum gauge 47, the low vacuum resistance gauge 44 and the high vacuum ionization gauge 46 are all communicatively connected to the control system 39 and send vacuum level signals to the control system 39 for display.
Referring to fig. 1, the outer container insulating cover 11 is a flexible cover made of heat-resistant material and is wrapped outside the outer container 12 during the whole replacement and evacuation process, so as to reduce heat dissipation of the outer container. The outer container is provided with an interlayer vacuum gauge 33 for detecting the vacuum degree of the interlayer.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the invention also relates to a method for obtaining a vacuum interlayer by adopting the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container full-time replacement evacuation system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating a vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container: the heat preservation cover 11 of the outer container is installed, the control system starts the heating and cooling circulation system of the inner container to circularly heat the inner container, and the specific steps are that;
opening an inner container air inlet valve 2 and an inner container air outlet valve 8, opening an inner container air heater 3 and an inner container circulating fan 5, heating the air output by the inner container circulating fan 5 in the inner container air heater 3, controlling the temperature of the air to be 120-300 ℃, filling the air into the inner container 15 through an air inlet of the inner container 15 to heat the inner container 15, discharging the air from an air outlet of the inner container 15, and entering the inner container circulating fan 5 and the inner container air heater 3 to circularly heat the inner container 15; when the temperature of the inner container outlet gas temperature sensor 10 reaches the process set temperature range, the inner container gas heater 3 stops heating; when the inner vessel outlet gas temperature sensor 10 indicates a temperature below the process set temperature lower limit, the inner vessel gas heater 3 begins to heat so that the temperature of the gas exiting the inner vessel 15 remains between the process set temperature ranges.
If the inner vessel 15 is specified to be heated with high purity nitrogen, the inner vessel heating and cooling circulation system is purged with high purity nitrogen before being connected to the inner vessel 15, specifically: opening the inner tank nitrogen supply valve 26, opening the inner tank air inlet valve 2 and the high-purity nitrogen air inlet valve 4, and purging the inner tank gas heater 3 and the pipeline thereof for about 1-5 min; closing the inner container air inlet valve 2, opening the inner container air outlet valve 8 to purge the inner container circulating fan 5 and the rear pipeline thereof for about 1-5 min; connecting an inner container heating and cooling circulation system to an inner container 15, closing an inner container air outlet valve 8, sequentially opening an inner container cooling exhaust valve 9, an inner container air inlet valve 2, an inner tank nitrogen supply valve 26 and a high-purity nitrogen air inlet valve 4, and carrying out nitrogen purging on the inner container 15 for 10-30 min; and after purging, sequentially closing the inner tank nitrogen supply valve 26, the high-purity nitrogen inlet valve 4 and the inner tank cooling exhaust valve 9, opening the inner tank air outlet valve 8, and opening the inner tank circulating fan 5 and the inner tank gas heater 3 to circularly heat the inner tank 15 with nitrogen.
S2, replacing interlayer air: the control system starts the full-time replacement system, the full-time replacement system fills hot replacement gas into the low-temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure, the replacement gas penetrates through the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer, and the replacement gas is discharged from an interlayer evacuation valve on the outer container until the gas of the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer is replaced completely, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
S2.1, opening an interlayer nitrogen supply valve 23 and an interlayer gas heater 22 to heat nitrogen output by a nitrogen source 25, wherein an interlayer air inlet temperature sensor 20 displays the temperature of the nitrogen, and the temperature of the nitrogen is controlled in a process set temperature range; turning on the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan 29; sequentially opening an interlayer evacuation valve 36, a circulation through valve 31 and an interlayer nitrogen exhaust valve 28, so that hot nitrogen passes through the interlayer and is exhausted from the interlayer nitrogen exhaust valve 28, the process is continued for a set time, and the interlayer nitrogen purging is completed;
s2.2, after the nitrogen purging reaches the process set time, closing an interlayer nitrogen supply valve 23, a circulating through valve 31 and an interlayer nitrogen exhaust valve 28, opening a water adsorption sieve air inlet valve 32, starting an interlayer bidirectional circulating fan 29 and a water adsorption sieve 30, and heating and replacing interlayer materials in a circulating and full-time manner for the process set time;
s2.3, repeating the steps S2.1 and S2.2 for a plurality of times until the dew point meter 34 displays that the preset value is reached, and completing the full-time nitrogen replacement of the interlayer.
The inner container 15 and the replacement nitrogen are adopted for synchronous circulation heating, the replacement hot nitrogen carries heat to continuously penetrate through the heat insulation layer 13 for efficient heat transfer and gas molecule replacement, so that moisture adsorbed by the heat insulation layer 13 is gasified and then is wrapped in an interlayer space by the nitrogen, further continuously wrapped in the interlayer space to be carried out, the moisture is adsorbed by the water adsorption sieve 30, fresh hot high-purity nitrogen is intermittently supplemented in the S4 operation, and non-condensable gas molecules which cannot be adsorbed by the water adsorption sieve 30 are wrapped in the interlayer space to be carried out. The operation is repeated for a plurality of times, so that the moisture and non-condensable gas adsorbed by the interlayer material can be thoroughly replaced. The full-time replacement process forms a forward pressure difference of about 0.2MPa on the low temperature side and the high temperature side of the heat insulating layer 13, so that the replacement hot nitrogen continuously and completely passes through the whole heat insulating layer 13 to perform heat transfer and gas molecule replacement, and even if the full-time replacement process is used for super-thick heat insulating layers such as a liquid hydrogen container, the replacement effect is ideal.
S3, filling an adsorbent: the full time replacement system is stopped and removed and the sandwich adsorbent chamber 17 is charged with cryogenic adsorbent 40.
S4, vacuumizing the interlayer: an evacuating unit is connected to the interlayer evacuating valve 36 to evacuate the interlayer, and the specific steps are as follows:
s4.1, opening the interlayer evacuating valve 36, the high vacuum baffle valve 38 and the backing valve 41, starting the backing pump 42 to evacuate the interlayer to the vacuum degree required by starting the high vacuum evacuating pump 45, continuously evacuating the interlayer, closing the high vacuum baffle valve 38 when the evacuating pipeline vacuum gauge 47 shows that the vacuum degree reaches the set vacuum degree, and stopping the high vacuum evacuating pump 45 and the backing pump 42 in sequence, and stopping evacuating the interlayer. And in the evacuating process, the temperature of the inner container is controlled in a process set temperature range by adopting an inner container heating and cooling circulation system.
And S4.2, after the preset vacuum degree is reached, removing the heat insulation cover 11 of the outer container, and starting the interlayer cooling operation.
And S4.3, after the preset vacuum degree is reached, cooling the inner container 15 through the inner container heating and cooling circulation system, namely, closing the inner container gas heater 3, opening the inner container cooling exhaust valve 9 and the inner container cooling air inlet valve 6, closing the inner container air outlet valve 8, so that the air inlet of the inner container circulating fan 5 is clean room temperature air passing through the filter 7, and the room temperature air is filled into the inner container 15 through the air inlet of the inner container 15 to cool the inner container 15 and is discharged through the inner container cooling exhaust valve 9. This step may also use nitrogen gas to cool down, i.e. close the inner container gas heater 3, open the inner container cooling exhaust valve 9, the high purity nitrogen gas inlet valve 4, the inner tank nitrogen supply valve 26, close the inner container gas outlet valve 8, so that the room temperature nitrogen gas provided by the nitrogen source 25 is filled into the inner container 15 through the gas inlet of the inner container 15 to cool down the inner container 15, and then is discharged through the inner container cooling exhaust valve 9.
S4.4, stopping the evacuating unit when the temperature of the inner container and the temperature of the air surrounding the outer container are restored to normal temperature.
The method and system of the present invention can be used for vacuum multilayer heat insulating container, especially super multilayer heat insulating container for carrying liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and other medium, and the sandwich material includes heat insulating material, inner container, outer container, high purity nitrogen and other material. By adopting the method and the system provided by the invention, the interlayer vacuum obtaining time of the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container in the liquid nitrogen temperature zone can be shortened to 3-5 days, the interlayer vacuum obtaining time of the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone can be shortened to 7-10 days, the manufacturing period of the high-vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating storage tank, tank box and tank car is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Effect example 1
In the embodiment of the effect, on a 650L reusable vacuum multilayer heat insulation test system, two groups of same liquid nitrogen temperature zone multilayer heat insulation covers (total 102 layers, 48 reflection screens, L aluminum foils for the reflection screens and Z-shaped glass fiber paper for the spacing layer) are replaced and evacuated by the system of the invention; another group is replaced and evacuated by the prior art of industry; then according to the requirements of GB/T1843-2010 vacuum heat insulation deep cooling equipment performance test method, firstly testing vacuum degree and interlayer leakage and release rate under normal temperature state, then filling liquid nitrogen, measuring low temperature vacuum degree and static evaporation rate after heat balance of the system, calculating to obtain normal temperature vacuum degree, interlayer leakage and release rate, low temperature vacuum degree and static evaporation rate of the test system under two working conditions, and calculating to obtain specific heat flow data, wherein the comparison result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: the invention is compared with the index comparison table of the vacuum heat insulation performance of the liquid nitrogen temperature zone in the prior art
Effect example 2
At present, domestic and civil liquid hydrogen containers are in a development stage, and commercial products are not seen in the market. According to the standard of the group of the technical requirement of the fixed vacuum heat insulation liquid hydrogen pressure vessel of the T/CATSI 05006-2021, the static evaporation rate detection of the '9.12.2.1' can adopt liquid nitrogen or liquid hydrogen as a medium. .. "liquid nitrogen is positively correlated with liquid hydrogen when the vacuum insulation properties of a pressure vessel are characterized. Therefore, the embodiment adopts liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium and can reflect the low-temperature heat insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen container to a certain extent.
In the embodiment of the effect, on a 650L reusable vacuum multilayer heat insulation test system, two groups of same liquid hydrogen temperature zone multilayer heat insulation covers (180 layers in total, 83 reflecting screens, L aluminum foils for the reflecting screens and Z glass fiber paper for the spacing layer) are replaced and evacuated by the system of the invention; the other group is replaced and evacuated by the prior art; then according to the requirements of GB/T1843-2010 vacuum heat insulation deep cooling equipment performance test method, firstly testing vacuum degree and interlayer leakage and release rate under normal temperature state, then filling liquid nitrogen, measuring low temperature vacuum degree and static evaporation rate after heat balance of the system, calculating to obtain normal temperature vacuum degree, interlayer leakage and release rate, low temperature vacuum degree and static evaporation rate of the test system under two working conditions, and calculating to obtain specific heat flow data, wherein the comparison result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: the invention is compared with the vacuum heat insulation performance index comparison table in the prior art
| Performance index | Traditional process | The invention is that |
| Evacuation time/d | 15 | 7 |
| Normal temperature vacuum degree/Pa | 1.8×10 -3 | 9.8×10 -4 |
| Interlayer leakage and deflation rate/(Pa.m3.s-1) | 7.2×10 -7 | 4.3×10 -7 |
| Low temperature vacuum degree/Pa | 1.2×10 -3 | 4.8×10 -4 |
| Static evaporation rate/(%/d) | 1.1 | 0.9 |
| Specific heat flow/(W/m) 2 ) | 2.5 | 2.04 |
The analysis of tables 1 and 2 gives: for the same multi-layer heat insulating material and container, the vacuum obtaining period of the vacuum multi-layer heat insulating low-temperature container adopting the liquid nitrogen temperature region and the liquid hydrogen temperature region is shortened by more than half, and the obtained normal-temperature vacuum degree and interlayer leakage and gassing rate are superior to those obtained by the traditional heat insulating container. Compared with the traditional heat-insulating container for storing liquid nitrogen, the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating low-temperature container for storing liquid nitrogen obtained by the process has better low-temperature vacuum degree, smaller static evaporation rate and smaller specific heat flow, and the liquid nitrogen temperature region and the liquid hydrogen temperature region which are subjected to replacement and evacuation by adopting the process can obviously shorten the replacement and evacuation time, improve the interlayer low-temperature vacuum degree, effectively improve the heat-insulating performance of the container, and have great application prospect in the liquid hydrogen container with stricter heat-insulating requirements.
Effect example 3: economic and social benefit analysis
The vacuum multilayer heat-insulating low-temperature container has high storage efficiency due to large volume ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase of the storage medium, and the use of the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating low-temperature container meets the low-carbon environment-friendly requirement. However, the manufacturing process, especially the process of nitrogen displacement and vacuum acquisition, is highly energy consuming because of the need for the entire process to heat the product, and enterprises need to consume large amounts of electrical or thermal energy (combustion of natural gas) during the process to obtain the basic insulation needed to function during the designed vacuum life of the productWorking vacuum. On the premise of using innovative equipment or technology to obtain the required interlayer vacuum degree, the energy consumption in the production process is effectively reduced, the development requirements of low carbon, environmental protection, green and energy conservation are met, and the method has remarkable economic and social benefits. Below at 45m 3 The LNG packaging tank is taken as an example, and the energy consumption conditions of the interlayer vacuum replacement and evacuation processes of the technology and the conventional technology are compared and analyzed, so that the invention has economic benefit and social benefit:
table 3: the invention is compared with the economic benefit comparison table of the vacuum obtaining process in the prior art
As can be seen from Table 3, the process links of the invention for replacing and evacuating the interlayer of the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating low-temperature container are greatly reduced in terms of electricity consumption and gas consumption compared with the prior art, and the consumption reduction is more considerable in mass production application. In terms of equipment investment, the investment of approximately 50 ten thousand yuan can be saved for each 1 baking room, and the investment is quite considerable for a mass production line. The invention has the characteristics of low consumption, high efficiency, green and low carbon, and has remarkable social and economic benefits.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the description is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The invention is applicable to all vacuum multilayer heat-insulating containers comprising a liquid nitrogen temperature zone and a liquid hydrogen temperature zone. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a vacuum multilayer heat insulating container full time replacement evacuation system, vacuum multilayer heat insulating container include the outer container and set up the inner container in the outer container, there is the intermediate layer between inner container and the outer container, the surface parcel of inner container have multilayer heat insulating structure, its characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
the inner container heating and cooling circulation system is connected with the inner container and is used for circularly heating or cooling the inner container;
a full-time substitution system connected between the inner container and the multi-layer heat insulation structure for filling a substitution gas into the low temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure when substituting the gas inside the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer;
the exhaust channel is arranged on the outer container and communicated with the interlayer, is used for exhausting the replacement gas when the inside of the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer gas are replaced, and is used for connecting an evacuating unit when vacuumizing; an interlayer evacuation valve, a dew point meter and an interlayer air outlet temperature sensor are arranged on the exhaust channel;
The evacuating unit is used for connecting to the exhaust channel and evacuating the interlayer when vacuumizing;
an outer container heat-insulating cover wrapping the outer container for insulating the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container during replacement and evacuation;
and the control system is used for receiving detection signals from the dew point meter and the interlayer air outlet temperature sensor and controlling the inner container heating and cooling circulation system, the full-time replacement system and the evacuating unit.
2. The vacuum multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system of claim 1, wherein: the full-time replacement system comprises a nitrogen source, an interlayer gas heater and an interlayer nitrogen supply valve; the air inlet end of the interlayer gas heater is connected with a nitrogen source, and the air outlet end of the interlayer gas heater extends between the inner container and the multilayer heat insulation structure; the interlayer nitrogen supply valve is arranged between the nitrogen source and the interlayer gas heater; a nitrogen source pressure sensor is also connected between the interlayer gas heater and the nitrogen source; the air outlet end of the interlayer gas heater is also connected with an interlayer air inlet pressure sensor and an interlayer air inlet temperature sensor; the interlayer gas heater, the nitrogen source pressure sensor, the interlayer nitrogen supply valve, the interlayer air inlet temperature sensor and the interlayer air inlet pressure sensor are all in communication connection with the control system.
3. The vacuum multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system of claim 2, wherein: the exhaust channel is communicated with the full-time replacement system through the circulation unit when the inside of the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer gas are replaced; the circulating unit comprises an interlayer bidirectional circulating fan and a water adsorption sieve, an outlet of the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan is connected between an interlayer nitrogen supply valve and an interlayer gas heater, and an interlayer nitrogen exhaust valve and an interlayer circulating nitrogen inlet valve are sequentially connected between the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan and the interlayer nitrogen supply valve; the inlet of the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan is connected with the air outlet of the water adsorption sieve, and the air inlet of the water adsorption sieve is also connected with the air inlet valve of the water adsorption sieve; the inlet of the bidirectional circulating fan is also communicated with the exhaust channel through a pipeline connected with the water adsorption sieve in parallel, and the pipeline connected with the circulating through valve in parallel; the interlayer bidirectional circulating fan, the circulating through valve, the water adsorption sieve air inlet valve, the interlayer nitrogen gas exhaust valve and the interlayer circulating nitrogen gas inlet valve are all in communication connection with the control system.
4. The vacuum multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system of claim 1, wherein: the evacuating unit is connected to the exhaust channel after the replacement is finished, the evacuating unit comprises a high-vacuum evacuating pump and a backing pump, a KF25 reserved interface and a backing valve are sequentially connected between the high-vacuum evacuating pump and the backing pump, and a low-vacuum resistance gauge pipe and a high-vacuum ionization gauge pipe are arranged on the high-vacuum evacuating pump; a high vacuum baffle valve and an evacuating pipeline vacuum gauge are also connected between the evacuating unit and the interlayer evacuating valve in sequence; the high vacuum evacuation pump, the backing valve and the high vacuum baffle valve are all in communication connection with a control system.
5. The vacuum multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system of claim 1, wherein: the inner container heating and cooling circulation system comprises an inner container circulating fan, an inner container gas heater and an inner container cooling air inlet valve, wherein the air outlet end of the inner container circulating fan is connected with the air inlet end of the inner container gas heater, the air outlet end of the inner container gas heater and the air inlet end of the inner container circulating fan are both connected with the inner container, an inner container cooling exhaust valve is connected with the air inlet end of the inner container circulating fan, an inner container air inlet valve is further connected between the inner container gas heater and the inner container, and an inner container cooling exhaust valve and an inner container air outlet valve are further connected between the inner container circulating fan and the inner container in sequence; the inner container circulating fan, the inner container gas heater, the inner container air inlet valve, the cooling exhaust valve, the inner container air outlet valve and the inner container cooling air inlet valve are all in communication connection with the control system.
6. The vacuum multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system of claim 5, wherein: the inner container heating and cooling circulation system also comprises an inner container air inlet temperature sensor and an inner container air outlet temperature sensor, wherein the inner container air inlet temperature sensor is connected between an inner container air inlet valve and the inner container, and the inner container air outlet temperature sensor is connected between the inner container and an inner container cooling exhaust valve; the inner container cooling air inlet valve is also matched with a filter; and the inner container air inlet temperature sensor and the inner container air outlet temperature sensor are both in communication connection with the control system.
7. The vacuum multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system of claim 6, wherein: the inner container gas heater and the inner container circulating fan are connected with a nitrogen source in the full-time replacement system through a high-purity nitrogen inlet valve, and the high-purity nitrogen inlet valve is in communication connection with the control system.
8. A method for obtaining a vacuum interlayer using the vacuum multi-layer insulated container full time displacement evacuation system of claim 1, characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating a vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container: placing the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating container into an outer container heat-insulating cover, and starting an inner container heating and cooling circulating system by a control system to circularly heat the inner container;
S2, replacing interlayer air: the control system starts a full-time replacement system, the full-time replacement system fills heated replacement gas into the low-temperature side of the multi-layer heat insulation structure, the replacement gas penetrates through the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer and is discharged from an exhaust channel on the outer container, the dew point meter monitors the water content of the interlayer replacement gas on line, and when the water content of the replacement gas is lower than a set value, the replacement of the gas of the multi-layer heat insulation structure and the interlayer is ended;
s3, filling an adsorbent: filling the adsorbent into the sandwich adsorbent cabin on the outer surface of the inner container;
s4, vacuumizing the interlayer: and connecting the evacuating unit to an exhaust channel, starting the evacuating machine by the control system to evacuate the displacement gas in the interlayer, cooling the inner container through the inner container heating and cooling circulating system after the vacuum degree reaches a preset vacuum degree, removing the outer container heat preservation cover to cool the outer container, and continuing evacuating the displacement gas to vacuum.
9. The vacuum interlayer obtaining method according to claim 8, wherein: when the step S2 is used for replacing the interlayer air, the interlayer two-way circulating fan and the water adsorption sieve are used for communicating the interlayer evacuation valve with the interlayer gas heater, and a pipeline connected with the water adsorption sieve in parallel is connected between the interlayer two-way circulating fan and the interlayer nitrogen supply valve, so that the replacement gas output from the interlayer evacuation valve is returned to the interlayer gas heater after water is absorbed by the water adsorption sieve.
10. The vacuum interlayer obtaining method according to claim 8, wherein: and when the vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container is heated in the step S1, the heating and cooling circulation system of the inner container is allowed to be communicated with the full-time replacement system, and the nitrogen output by the nitrogen source in the full-time replacement system is used for heating the inner container.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310502603.0A CN116624755A (en) | 2023-05-04 | 2023-05-04 | Full-time replacement and evacuation system for vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container and vacuum interlayer obtaining method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310502603.0A CN116624755A (en) | 2023-05-04 | 2023-05-04 | Full-time replacement and evacuation system for vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating container and vacuum interlayer obtaining method |
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