CN116146887B - Low-temperature container with layered heat insulation structure and interlayer space vacuum obtaining method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature container with layered heat insulation structure and interlayer space vacuum obtaining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116146887B CN116146887B CN202310117003.2A CN202310117003A CN116146887B CN 116146887 B CN116146887 B CN 116146887B CN 202310117003 A CN202310117003 A CN 202310117003A CN 116146887 B CN116146887 B CN 116146887B
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
- F17C3/085—Cryostats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/14—Production of inert gas mixtures; Use of inert gases in general
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Abstract
The application discloses a low-temperature container with a layered heat insulation structure and a method for obtaining interlayer space of the low-temperature container in vacuum, and belongs to the technical field of heat insulation of cryogenic containers; the low-temperature adsorbent is filled in the adsorption cabin, and ventilation holes are formed in the adsorption cabin; when the interlayer space is vacuumized, nitrogen passes through the air holes on the adsorption cabin to enter the air channel, the air in the interlayer space is pumped out by the air exhausting equipment, so that the air pressure at the low-temperature end of the heat insulation quilt of the inner container is larger than the air pressure at the high-temperature end, the nitrogen is pumped out by the air exhausting equipment after penetrating through the heat insulation quilt of the inner container, nitrogen replacement is realized, the low-temperature adsorbent is refilled after the nitrogen replacement, and finally the interlayer space is vacuumized. The structure and the method have ideal nitrogen replacement effect, high replacement efficiency, low cost and high interlayer vacuum degree.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of heat insulation of vacuum heat insulation deep-cold pressure vessels, in particular to a low-temperature vessel with a layered heat insulation structure and a method for obtaining interlayer space of the low-temperature vessel, which are particularly suitable for vacuum obtaining of which the geometric volume is less than or equal to 5m 3 The low-temperature medium storage and transportation equipment is provided with a super-multiple reflecting screen and a super-thick heat insulation structure.
Background
The small-sized low-temperature container used as a terminal for storing, transporting and using the frozen liquefied gas is used for containing liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, LNG, liquid argon, liquid hydrogen and other mediums, and the effective volume is from tens of liters to 5m 3 Because of high energy efficiency, the liquid can expand 500-800 times after gasification, and can be widely used in daily life, industry, scientific research, transportation, medical treatment and other industries, and the number of the liquid is huge. In the upcoming hydrogen energy era, liquid hydrogen is gradually applied to the scenes, and the market demand is huge. The liquid hydrogen storage and transportation has the highest efficiency in the common hydrogen energy storage and transportation mode, and the single-vehicle hydrogen quantity is more than 20 times of that of the high-pressure gas hydrogen and solid hydrogen transportation mode. Not yetIn the application scene, the small movable liquid hydrogen container is used as fuel cell matched equipment, has great market scale and prospect, and each hydrogen energy passenger vehicle needs to be provided with 1, and is similar to the existing LNG vehicle-mounted bottle and industrial bottle.
The present small-sized refrigerating liquid storing and transporting equipment adopts a jacketed high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation mode, and the structural principle is that a multi-layer heat insulation material with high reflectivity and a spacing material with low heat conductivity are alternately combined and coated outside a low-temperature shell in a vacuum jacket, and the inside of the jacket is evacuated to less than or equal to 10 -2 The high vacuum of Pa, the vacuum jacket and the multi-layer heat insulation material form a complete high vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure, so that effective heat insulation is realized.
Because the boiling point of liquid hydrogen is-252.7 ℃, the environmental storage temperature difference is large, the liquid hydrogen has extremely low volume vaporization latent heat, is extremely easy to vaporize, and has extremely high requirement on the heat insulation performance of the storage and transportation container. The conventional heat insulation structure is coated on the low-temperature inner container, and the heat insulation requirement of the liquid hydrogen storage super high is met by increasing the number of the reflecting screens (more than or equal to 90 reflecting screens). After the heat insulation structure is coated, nitrogen replacement and vacuum pumping are carried out on the whole interlayer. The purpose of nitrogen replacement is to replace air, water molecules and the like which are difficult to desorb in the interlayer into easily desorbed nitrogen molecules, then the nitrogen molecules are desorbed, pumped out and discharged out of the interlayer, so that the number of the interlayer gas molecules is effectively reduced, and the convection heat transfer is eliminated. A nitrogen gas replacement system and method commonly used at present are disclosed in Chinese patent application publication No. CN 111810832A of the inventor, wherein the system comprises a nitrogen charging device, an automatic air outlet control valve, a vacuumizing device and a control system; the nitrogen charging device, the automatic air outlet control valve and the vacuumizing device are communicated with an interlayer of the vacuum multilayer heat insulation low-temperature container; the nitrogen charging device comprises a nitrogen source, a nitrogen heater and an air inlet control valve, wherein the nitrogen source is provided with an air supply valve, the air outlet end of the nitrogen source is connected with the air inlet end of the nitrogen heater, the air outlet end of the nitrogen heater is connected with the air inlet end of the air inlet control valve, and the air outlet end of the air inlet control valve is communicated with the interlayer; the air supply valve, the nitrogen heater, the air inlet control valve, the vacuumizing device and the automatic air outlet control valve are all in communication connection with the control system.
However, the reflecting screen and the spacing layer are both film materials, have large surface area, and the surface of the reflecting screen and the spacing layer absorb a large amount of gas, so that the gas escape resistance between the insulating structure layers in the middle of the insulating structure and close to the inner container side is increased due to the ultra-multi-layer ultra-thick structure, and the gas is difficult to replace by nitrogen molecules and is pumped out and discharged, so that the final low-temperature interlayer pressure is more than 10 -2 Pa, the convective heat transfer of interlayer gas molecules due to residual gas is greatly increased, so that the overall heat insulation performance of the equipment is reduced, and the super heat insulation effect of the vacuum multilayer heat insulation is counteracted.
The existing nitrogen replacement process has the following defects: firstly, the heat insulation layer is too much, so that the replacement nitrogen molecules cannot reach the inner layer part of the heat insulation quilt, a replacement blind area is formed in the part, the part cannot be effectively evacuated after the replacement is finished, an evacuation blind area is further formed, and a large amount of air and water vapor are reserved; the vacuum pumping is not thorough, the convection heat conduction of the residual gas between layers is too large, and the effect of vacuum multilayer heat insulation super heat insulation is partially counteracted. Secondly, the heat insulation layers are too many, the gas molecule passing resistance of the deep heat insulation material is increased, the nitrogen replacement and discharge efficiency is low, the replacement period is greatly increased, the process energy consumption is greatly increased, and the production cost is greatly increased; thirdly, the escape resistance of residual gas between layers is increased, the evacuation effect is poor, and in the use process, gas molecules continuously released by the heat insulation material can reduce the vacuum degree of the interlayer, so that the adsorbent is adsorbed and saturated prematurely, and the vacuum life of the liquid hydrogen container is seriously influenced; fourthly, in the prior art, in a small liquid hydrogen container, a low-temperature adsorbent is filled before wrapping the heat insulation quilt, so that the water vapor released by the interlayer material in the wrapping environment and the replacement process is easy to adsorb and partially lose efficacy, the interlayer material cannot be effectively activated in the interlayer replacement and evacuation processes, and the vacuum life of the interlayer of the container is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a low-temperature container with a layered heat insulation structure and a method for obtaining interlayer space in vacuum, which are used for solving the problems that the existing coating method of the heat insulation structure causes low replacement efficiency, long replacement period, large energy consumption, poor replacement effect, short vacuum service life, poor heat insulation of a heat insulation quilt structure, partial failure and the like of a small-sized low-temperature container, especially a liquid hydrogen container, due to the influence of water vapor in the wrapping environment and nitrogen replacement process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the application relates to a low-temperature container with a layered heat insulation structure, which comprises an inner container, an outer container and an inner container heat insulation quilt wrapping the outer surface of the inner container, wherein the inner container and the outer container are connected through a support and form an interlayer space; the inner container is provided with a transfusion tube penetrating through the outer container; the outer container is provided with an evacuation port and an air inlet, the evacuation port is sealed by an evacuation plug, the air inlet is sealed by a sealing plate, an adsorption cabin and a plurality of supporting layers are arranged between the inner container and the inner container heat insulation quilt, the adsorption cabin and the supporting layers are arranged at intervals, and then a gas channel is formed between the inner container heat insulation quilt and the outer surface of the inner container; the inside of the adsorption cabin is filled with a low-temperature adsorbent, and the adsorption cabin is provided with ventilation holes.
Preferably, the adsorption cabin comprises an inner vertical plate, an outer vertical plate and a cover plate, wherein the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate are of annular structures, the diameter of the outer vertical plate is larger than that of the inner vertical plate, the low-temperature ends of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate are welded at the end socket of the inner container, the inner vertical plate is positioned in the annular structures of the outer vertical plate, the cover plate is welded at the high-temperature ends of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate, and then the inner vertical plate, the outer vertical plate, the cover plate and the inner container are enclosed to form a cavity for filling the low-temperature adsorbent; the adsorption cabin is provided with an adsorbent filling pipe, and the adsorbent filling pipe is plugged by a filling port screw cap after the adsorption cabin is filled with the low-temperature adsorbent; the air holes are arranged on the inner vertical plate, the outer vertical plate and the filling port screw cap.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the air holes is 2 mm-20 mm, stainless steel wire nets are arranged on the opposite sides of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate, and the stainless steel wire nets are welded with the corresponding inner vertical plate or outer vertical plate.
Preferably, the inner surface of the outer container is provided with an outer container heat insulation quilt, and the outer container heat insulation quilt comprises an outer container heat insulation layer arranged on the inner surface of the outer container cylinder and an outer sealing head heat insulation layer arranged on the inner surface of the outer container sealing head;
the outside of the support is wrapped with a support heat insulation quilt; the outer surface of the part of the infusion tube positioned in the interlayer space is wrapped with an infusion tube heat insulation quilt.
Preferably, the outer vessel insulation is secured to the inner surface of the outer vessel by staples and fiberglass tape; the fixing nails are welded on the inner surface of the outer container, the outer container heat insulation quilt is paved on the inner surface of the outer container, the fixing nails penetrate through the outer container heat insulation quilt, the end parts of the fixing nails are bent to clamp the outer container heat insulation quilt, and the glass fiber belts are wound on the inner side of the outer container heat insulation quilt and are bound and connected with the fixing nails; the inner surface of the heat insulating quilt of the outer container is paved with a plurality of reflecting layers corresponding to the penetrating positions of the fixing nails.
Preferably, the inner container heat insulation quilt comprises an inner container cylinder heat insulation quilt arranged on the outer surface of the inner container cylinder and an inner container seal head heat insulation quilt arranged on the outer surface of the inner container seal head, wherein a welding line compensation heat insulation quilt is paved at the high temperature end of the splicing position of the inner container cylinder heat insulation quilt and the inner container seal head heat insulation quilt; the low temperature end of the inner container heat insulation quilt is also provided with an independent reflecting screen.
Preferably, the weld compensating insulation quilt comprises a plurality of reflecting layers and a plurality of spacing layers, the reflecting layers and the spacing layers are alternately arranged, and the weld compensating insulation quilt is sewn with the inner container insulation quilt.
The application also relates to a method for obtaining a vacuum in a sandwich space of a cryogenic vessel with a layered heat-insulating structure, comprising the steps of:
s1, introducing a nitrogen source from an air inlet, communicating with an adsorption cabin, temporarily sealing the air inlet, and connecting an exhaust device at an evacuation port;
s2, nitrogen is conveyed by a nitrogen source, the nitrogen passes through ventilation holes in the adsorption cabin to enter a gas channel, and gas in the interlayer space is pumped out by an exhaust device, so that the pressure of the low-temperature end of the heat insulation quilt of the inner container is larger than that of the high-temperature end, and the nitrogen is pumped out by the exhaust device after passing through the heat insulation quilt of the inner container, so that nitrogen replacement is realized;
s3, after the nitrogen replacement is finished, removing a nitrogen source, filling an activated low-temperature adsorbent into the adsorption cabin, and permanently sealing the air inlet;
s4, vacuumizing the interlayer space, and sealing the vacuumizing opening after vacuumizing.
Preferably, the air inlet is provided with a flange, and the outer side of the flange is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring; the adsorption cabin is provided with an adsorbent filling pipe; in the step S1, a screw cap is screwed at the pipe orifice of the adsorbent filling pipe, an external thread conical surface sealing joint is arranged on the screw cap, a flange is temporarily sealed by a flange cover, the inner side and the outer side of the flange cover are respectively provided with a communicated external thread conical surface sealing joint, the external thread conical surface sealing joint on the screw cap and the external thread conical surface sealing joint on the inner side of the flange cover are connected by connecting pipes with loop thread spherical surface sealing joints at the two ends, a nitrogen replacement air inlet pipe is arranged at the loop thread spherical surface sealing joint on the outer side of the flange cover, the nitrogen replacement air inlet pipe is used for connecting a nitrogen source, the adsorbent filling pipe is communicated with the nitrogen source, and the air inlet is temporarily sealed;
and step S3, after nitrogen replacement and low-temperature adsorbent filling are completed, the adsorbent filling pipe is covered by a filling port screw cap with air holes so as to prevent the low-temperature adsorbent from leaking out of the adsorption cabin, and the flange is permanently sealed by a sealing plate.
Preferably, in the step S2, the temperature of the nitrogen is 120-200 ℃ and the pressure of the replaced nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.12Mpa in the nitrogen replacement process.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the application has the following technical effects:
1. the application relates to a low-temperature container with a layered heat insulation structure, wherein an adsorption cabin and a plurality of supporting layers are arranged between an inner container and an inner container heat insulation quilt, the adsorption cabin and the plurality of supporting layers are arranged at intervals, a gas channel is formed between the inner container heat insulation quilt and the outer surface of the inner container, air holes are formed in the adsorption cabin, nitrogen is replaced before the adsorption cabin is filled with low-temperature adsorbent, nitrogen is input into the adsorption cabin during nitrogen replacement, the nitrogen enters the gas channel through the air holes, air in an air interlayer is pumped out by an air exhausting device, so that the air pressure of a low-temperature end of the inner container heat insulation quilt is greater than the air pressure of a high-temperature end, the nitrogen is pumped out by the air exhausting device after penetrating through the inner container heat insulation quilt, the pressure difference between the low-temperature end and the high-temperature end of the inner container heat insulation quilt enables the nitrogen to continuously and thoroughly penetrate through the whole inner container heat insulation quilt, heat transfer and gas molecule replacement are carried out, the replacement efficiency is 3-5 times that of a traditional replacement mode, the replacement period is shortened to 1/3 times that of a traditional replacement mode, energy is even more, and economic and consumption is reduced, and economic and social benefit is huge.
2. The application relates to a low-temperature container with a layered heat insulation structure, which is characterized in that an adsorption cabin and a plurality of supporting layers are arranged between an inner container and an inner container heat insulation quilt, the adsorption cabin and the plurality of supporting layers are arranged at intervals, a gas passage is formed between the inner container heat insulation quilt and the outer surface of the inner container, an outer container heat insulation quilt is arranged on the inner surface of the outer container, and further 2 evacuation negative pressure passages are formed between the inner container and the inner container heat insulation quilt and between the inner container heat insulation quilt and the outer container heat insulation quilt, so that a sandwich space is continuously evacuated, the gas adsorption escape distance of materials of the inner container heat insulation quilt and the outer container heat insulation quilt is shortened by times compared with the prior art, the escape resistance is reduced, the evacuation is very beneficial, the evacuation efficiency is high, the period is short, the energy consumption is low, and the effect is good. The scale popularization is low-carbon and environment-friendly, and the benefit is considerable.
3. The interlayer space vacuum obtaining method of the low-temperature container with the layered heat insulation structure comprises the steps of firstly carrying out nitrogen replacement on the interlayer space, filling the low-temperature adsorbent into the adsorption cabin after the nitrogen replacement, and reducing the pollution of the low-temperature adsorbent by water vapor in the heat insulation wrapping and nitrogen replacement processes, further ensuring the activity of the low-temperature adsorbent, and effectively maintaining the interlayer vacuum life of the container; the adsorption cabin is directly connected with the gas channel, after the low-temperature medium is filled, the low-temperature adsorbent contained in the adsorption cabin plays a role of a low-temperature adsorption pump, when the inner container is insulated and released with gas molecules, the gas molecules are adsorbed by the low-temperature adsorbent before being solidified by the low-temperature medium, and the adsorption is unidirectional under the working condition of the container interlayer and cannot be released into the interlayer again. The circulation is so carried out, as long as the margin of the adsorption capacity of the low-temperature adsorbent is sufficient, the more and better the vacuum degree of the interlayer can be, and the vacuum life of the interlayer space can be effectively prolonged.
4. The low-temperature container with the layered heat insulation structure is provided with a plurality of supporting layers which are arranged at intervals between the inner container and the heat insulation quilt of the inner container, so that a gas channel is formed between the heat insulation quilt of the inner container and the outer surface of the inner container, the conduction contact area is effectively reduced, the low-temperature end of the heat insulation quilt of the inner container is also provided with an independent reflecting screen, the temperature of the cold end of radiation heat transfer of the heat insulation structure is improved, and the total heat leakage is effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cryogenic vessel having a layered thermal insulation structure;
FIG. 2 is a structural layout of the adsorption compartment side of the cryogenic vessel having a layered thermal insulation structure;
FIG. 3 is a process diagram of the outer vessel shell insulation layer being laid on the inner surface of the outer vessel shell;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a nitrogen displacement process for a cryogenic vessel having a layered thermal insulation structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the connection of the connecting tube to the adsorbent filling tube during nitrogen substitution;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection tube to the flange cover during nitrogen gas replacement;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sealing of the adsorbent filling tube after filling the cryogenic adsorbent;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the flange seal structure after the nitrogen substitution is completed.
Wherein: 1-nitrogen gas replacement air inlet pipe; 2-a flange cover; 3-flanges; 4-connecting pipes; 5-screw cap; 6-adsorbent-filled tube; 7-weld compensating insulation quilt; 8-an outer barrel heat insulation layer; 9-interlayer space; 10-an inner vessel insulation blanket; 11-a support layer; 12-an inner container; 13-gas passage; 14-an outer container; 15-an outer seal head heat insulation layer; 16-infusion tube insulation quilt; 17-a supporting insulation quilt; 18-evacuating the plug; 19-an adsorption compartment; 20-a low temperature adsorbent; 21-fixing nails; 22-outer cylinder insulation rolls; 23-roller frames; 24-double-sided aluminum foil tape; 25-a fill port screw cap; 26-closing plates; 27-O type sealing washer.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings for the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present application, which examples are provided for the purpose of illustrating the present application only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application relates to a cryogenic container having a layered insulation structure, which comprises an inner container 12, an outer container 14, an inner container insulation 10 wrapped around the outer surface of the inner container 12, and an outer container insulation wrapped around the inner surface of the outer container. The inner container 12 and the outer container 14 are connected through a support to form a sandwich space 9, and the outside of the support is wrapped with a support heat insulation quilt 17; the inner container 12 is provided with a transfusion tube penetrating through the outer container 14, and the outer surface of the part of the transfusion tube positioned in the interlayer space 9 is wrapped with a transfusion tube heat insulation quilt 16; the outer container 14 is provided with an evacuation port and an air inlet, the evacuation port is sealed by an evacuation plug 18, a flange 3 is arranged at the air inlet, an O-shaped sealing ring 27 is arranged outside the flange 3, and the outside of the flange 3 is sealed by a sealing plate 26.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an adsorption chamber 19 and a plurality of supporting layers 11 are arranged between the inner container 12 and the inner container heat insulation quilt 10, and the adsorption chamber 19 and the plurality of supporting layers 11 are arranged at intervals, so that a gas channel 13 is formed between the inner container heat insulation quilt 10 and the outer surface of the inner container 12.
The adsorption cabin 19 is arranged on the outer surface of the inner container sealing head at one side without a liquid conveying pipe, and comprises an inner vertical plate, an outer vertical plate and a cover plate, wherein the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate are of annular structures, the diameter of the outer vertical plate is larger than that of the inner vertical plate, the low-temperature ends of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate are welded at the sealing position of the inner container, the inner vertical plate is positioned in the annular structures of the outer vertical plate, the cover plate is welded at the high-temperature ends of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate, the inner vertical plate, the cover plate and the inner container are further used for enclosing to form a cavity for filling the low-temperature adsorbent, an adsorbent filling pipe 6 is arranged on the cover plate of the adsorption cabin 19, the pipe diameter of the adsorbent filling pipe 6 is larger than or equal to 20mm, the pipe orifice is provided with cone pipe external threads, the low-temperature adsorbent 20 is filled in the adsorption cabin 19, and then the adsorbent filling pipe 6 is sealed by a filling port thread cover 25 so as to prevent the low-temperature adsorbent 20 from leaking out of the adsorption cabin 19; the adsorption cabin 19 is provided with ventilation holes, the ventilation holes are arranged on the inner vertical plate, the outer vertical plate and the filling port screw cap 25, the aperture of the ventilation holes is 2-20 mm, when the aperture of the ventilation holes is larger than the particle size of the low-temperature adsorbent 20, stainless steel wire nets are arranged on the opposite sides of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate, the stainless steel wire nets are welded with the corresponding inner vertical plate or the outer vertical plate, the steel wire nets are austenitic stainless steel wire nets, and the mesh diameter of the steel wire nets should be smaller than the particle size of the low-temperature adsorbent 20.
The supporting layer 11 is arranged on the outer surface of the cylinder body of the inner container and the sealing head at one side of the infusion tube, and the supporting layer 11 is made of glass fiber felt or aerogel felt; the thickness of the supporting layer 11 outside the cylinder body is 8 mm-25 mm, the supporting layer is cut into long strips according to the different sizes of the containers, the length of the supporting layer can be extended to the small R position of the sealing heads at the two ends, the width of the supporting layer is 100 mm-600 mm, the supporting layer is fixed on the outer surface of the inner container by using double-sided aluminum foil adhesive tapes, and a distance of 20 mm-100 mm is reserved between every two supporting layers to serve as a gas channel 13 for replacing nitrogen. For the supporting layer 11 outside the inner container sealing head at one side without a transfusion tube, small support materials are cut between pipelines, the support materials are fixed by double-sided adhesive tapes, channels are reserved between the support materials, and the support materials are bound with n circles of glass fiber bands in the circumferential direction at intervals of 300-500 mm. The low temperature end of the inner container heat insulation quilt 10 is also provided with an independent reflecting screen, the independent reflecting screen adopts aluminum foil with delta 0.02 mm-delta 0.2mm, ventilation holes with phi 3 mm-phi 5mm are formed in the independent reflecting screen, and the total open area is less than 3 per mill, so that the temperature of a cold end of radiation heat transfer of a heat insulation structure is improved, and the total heat leakage is effectively reduced.
The inner container heat insulation quilt 10 comprises an inner container cylinder heat insulation quilt arranged on the outer surface of the inner container cylinder and an inner container seal head heat insulation quilt arranged on the outer surface of the inner container seal head, wherein 40-60 reflecting screens are arranged on the inner container heat insulation quilt 10 in total, a welding seam compensation heat insulation quilt 7 is paved at the high temperature end of the splicing position of the inner container cylinder heat insulation quilt and the inner container seal head heat insulation quilt, the width of the welding seam compensation heat insulation quilt 7 is 200-600 mm, the welding seam compensation heat insulation quilt comprises 10-15 reflecting layers and 10-15 interlayer interlayers, the reflecting layers and the interlayer layers are alternately arranged, and the welding seam compensation heat insulation quilt 7 is sewn with the inner container heat insulation quilt 10.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the inner surface of the outer container 14 is provided with an outer container heat insulating quilt comprising an outer container heat insulating layer 8 provided on the inner surface of the outer container body and an outer closure heat insulating layer 7 provided on the inner surface of the outer container closure, the outer container heat insulating quilt being fixed to the inner surface of the outer container 14 by fixing nails and glass fiber tape; the fixing nails are welded on the inner surface of the outer container, the outer container heat insulation quilt is paved on the inner surface of the outer container, the fixing nails penetrate through the outer container heat insulation quilt, the end parts of the fixing nails are bent to clamp the outer container heat insulation quilt, and the glass fiber belts are wound on the inner side of the outer container heat insulation quilt and are bound and connected with the fixing nails; the inner surface of the heat insulating quilt of the outer container is paved with a plurality of reflecting layers corresponding to the penetrating positions of the fixing nails.
The coiled material of the outer cylinder heat insulating layer 8 is formed by alternately laying 3-5 reflecting screens and spacing layers layer by layer and then winding the reflecting screens and the spacing layers on a reel, the breadth is equal to the length of the outer cylinder to be 60mm, the construction process of the outer cylinder heat insulating layer 8 is shown as figure 3, the outer cylinder is placed on a roller frame 23, the outer cylinder heat insulating material roll 22 passes through the inner part of the outer cylinder, and the two ends of the outer cylinder heat insulating material roll are supported and fixed. Welding 4-10L-shaped fixing nails 21 at the positions 100mm away from the two ends of the inner side of the outer cylinder, wherein the fixing nails 21 are circumferentially spaced by 200-600 mm; the initial end of the heat insulation material is fixed by a fixing nail 21 and a double-sided aluminum foil adhesive tape 24, a roller frame 23 is rotated, the outer cylinder body rotates to drive an outer cylinder body heat insulation material roll 22 to rotate for discharging, the heat insulation material is penetrated and fixed everywhere by a preset fixing nail 21 until the outer cylinder body heat insulation layer 8 is installed, and the final process collar is used for fixing and positioning. The outer cylinder heat insulating layer 8 is formed by winding and binding fixing nails 21 by using a glass fiber tape and pulling the glass fiber tape to the other end of the cylinder corresponding to the fixing nails 21 to form a longitudinal pulling tape by winding and binding, the outer cylinder heat insulating layer 8 is fixed on the inner side of the outer cylinder, the fixing nails 21 are bent to the surface of a heat insulating quilt, and the outer side of the fixing nails 21 is coated by a structure of 10 layers of reflecting screens to prevent heat leakage.
The construction method of the outer seal head heat insulation layer 7 comprises the following steps: the heat insulating layer 7 of the outer sealing head is penetrated and fixed by fixing nails on the inner surface of the outer sealing head, the heat insulating layer 7 of the outer sealing head is temporarily fixed by using a process clamping ring, and the innermost layer of the heat insulating layer 7 of the outer sealing head is provided with a heat insulating carried unit and is fixed by using a final process clamping ring. The outer seal head heat insulation layer 7 is axially bound and fixed by using the fixing nails and the glass fiber belt, and the outer seal head heat insulation layer 7 is circumferentially bound and fixed by using the fixing nails and the glass fiber belt.
The manufacturing steps of the low-temperature container with the layered heat insulation structure are as follows:
(1) Installing an adsorption cabin 19: the parts (an inner vertical plate, an outer vertical plate and a cover plate) of the adsorption cabin 19 are made of S30508 materials, the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate are provided with vent holes, and the cover plate is not provided with vent holes; the cover plate is provided with an adsorbent filling pipe 6, the pipe orifice of the adsorbent filling pipe 6 is provided with a G3/4 pipe external thread, the pipe orifice of the adsorbent filling pipe 6 is screwed with a screw cap 5, the screw cap 5 is made of S30408, the G3/4 pipe internal thread is used for connecting an adsorbent filling port, and the other side is welded with an external thread conical surface sealing joint, as shown in figure 5;
(2) The adsorption cabin 19 is provided with an air inlet with phi 130mm corresponding to the outer sealing head, a DN80mm flange 3 is arranged at the air inlet, the flange 3 is made of S30408 material, 4-M9 threaded blind holes are arranged, the sealing groove is 4mm deep and 2.4mm deep, a flange cover 2 is arranged at the position of the flange 3, the flange cover 2 is made of S30508 material, 4-M9 threaded through holes are arranged, the center of each through hole is provided with phi 12mm, two external threaded conical surface sealing joints are welded at two ends of each through hole and are respectively used for connecting the pipe 4 and the nitrogen replacement air inlet pipe 1, and the two external threaded conical surface sealing joints are respectively used for replacing the air inlet pipe 1 as shown in fig. 6; the connecting pipe 4 is used for communicating an external thread conical surface sealing joint on the nut 5 and an external thread conical surface sealing joint on the inner side of the flange cover 2, the connecting pipe 4 adopts a pressure-resistant hose made of S30408 material, DN8 is multiplied by 300mm, and two ends of the connecting pipe 4 are butted with the external thread conical surface sealing joint by a looper nut spherical surface sealing joint;
(3) Mounting support layer 11: cutting a delta 15mm glass fiber felt material into strips with the width of 200mm, fixing the strips on the surface of an inner container 12 by using a double-sided aluminum foil adhesive tape, enabling the supporting layers 11 to penetrate through the straight section of the inner container 12 from 100mm away from the outer vertical plate of an adsorption cabin 19 until the inner sealing head on the other side is 100mm away from the central supporting edge, continuing after cutting off and avoiding at a transfusion tube, and after the supporting layer 11 is arranged, bundling a circle of glass fiber belts at intervals of 200mm from the sealing head of the inner container 12 and a welding line of a cylinder body to strengthen the supporting layer 11;
(4) Installing an independent reflecting screen: an aluminum foil with delta of 0.05mm is used for punching phi 3 holes, the hole spacing is 150mm, an independent reflecting screen is wrapped on the outer side of the supporting layer 11, and the independent reflecting screen is fixed by double-sided adhesive tape;
(5) Wrapping the inner container insulation 10 over an independent reflective screen, which is of prior art and will not be described in detail;
(6) The 10 reflecting screens and 10 interlayer interlayers are alternately stacked to form a welding seam compensation heat insulation quilt 7, the width of the welding seam compensation heat insulation quilt is 400mm, the welding seam compensation heat insulation quilt 7 is arranged on the surface of the inner container heat insulation quilt 10, the edge of the welding seam compensation heat insulation quilt 7 is sewn and fixed with the inner container heat insulation quilt 10 by using a needle and line, and glass fiber belts are bound according to the prior art;
(7) Installing a transfusion tube heat insulation quilt 16 and a supporting heat insulation quilt 17 according to the prior art;
(8) Referring to fig. 3, the outer cylinder is placed on the roller frame 23, and the outer cylinder heat insulating material roll 22 is passed through the inside of the outer cylinder, and both ends are supported and fixed. Welding 4-10L-shaped fixing nails 21 at the positions 100mm away from the two ends of the inner side of the outer cylinder, wherein the fixing nails 21 are circumferentially spaced by 200-600 mm; the initial end of the heat insulation material is fixed by a fixing nail 21 and a double-sided aluminum foil adhesive tape 24, a roller frame 23 is rotated, the outer cylinder body rotates to drive an outer cylinder body heat insulation material roll 22 to rotate for discharging, the heat insulation material is penetrated and fixed everywhere by a preset fixing nail 21 until the outer cylinder body heat insulation layer 8 is installed, and the final process collar is used for fixing and positioning. The outer cylinder heat insulating layer 8 is formed by winding and binding fixing nails 21 by using a glass fiber tape and pulling the glass fiber tape to the other end of the cylinder corresponding to the fixing nails 21 to form a longitudinal pulling tape by winding and binding, the outer cylinder heat insulating layer 8 is fixed on the inner side of the outer cylinder, the fixing nails 21 are bent to the surface of a heat insulating quilt, and the outer side of the fixing nails 21 is coated by a structure of 10 layers of reflecting screens to prevent heat leakage.
(9) Manufacturing 3 outer seal head heat insulation layer 15 subunits, wherein each subunit comprises 10 layers of reflecting screens; 2 circles of L-shaped fixing nails are arranged on the inner surface of the outer sealing head, 4L-shaped fixing nails are welded 20mm away from an arc baffle of the sealing head, 4L-shaped fixing nails are welded at the inner diameter of 1/2 sealing head, the outer sealing head heat insulation layer 15 is installed unit by unit, holes are formed in the position where holes are required to be formed in the installation process of the outer sealing head heat insulation layer 15, and then the annular rings are bound by glass fiber bands;
(10) The outer vessel head and the outer vessel cylinder are welded to the outer side of the inner vessel in sequence, thereby completing the low-temperature vessel with a layered heat insulation structure without vacuumizing as shown in fig. 4.
The interlayer space vacuum obtaining method of the low-temperature container with the layered heat insulation structure comprises the following steps:
s1, introducing a nitrogen source from a gas inlet and connecting the nitrogen source to an adsorption cabin, namely connecting the nitrogen source to a nitrogen replacement gas inlet pipe 1, wherein the gas inlet is temporarily sealed because a flange 3 of the gas inlet is covered by a flange cover, namely other gases cannot enter a sandwich space 9 from a position except the nitrogen replacement gas inlet pipe 1; the evacuation port is connected with exhaust equipment, and the exhaust equipment is generally a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant bidirectional fan;
s2, nitrogen is conveyed by a nitrogen source, the temperature of the nitrogen is 120-200 ℃, the pressure of the nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.12Mp, the nitrogen enters a gas channel 13 through a vent hole on an adsorption cabin 19, gas in an interlayer space 9 is pumped out by exhaust equipment, so that the pressure at the low temperature end of an inner container heat insulation quilt 10 is greater than that at the high temperature end, the pressure difference reaches 0.2MPa, and the nitrogen is pumped out by the exhaust equipment after penetrating the inner container heat insulation quilt 10, so that nitrogen replacement is realized;
s3, after the nitrogen replacement is finished, removing a nitrogen source, removing a flange cover 2 and a screw cap 5 on an adsorbent filling pipe 6, immediately filling activated low-temperature adsorbent 20 from the adsorbent filling pipe 6 into an adsorption cabin 19, and covering the adsorbent filling pipe 6 by a filling port screw cap 25 with a plurality of 2mm ventilation holes, as shown in FIG. 7; a sealing plate 26 is welded on the outer side of the flange 3, so that the air inlet is permanently sealed, as shown in fig. 8;
s4, removing the exhaust equipment at the evacuation port and replacing the evacuation equipment, keeping the internal and external heating, vacuumizing the interlayer space by using the evacuation equipment, and sealing the evacuation port by using the evacuation plug 18 after vacuumizing.
Effect example 1
In the embodiment of the effect, 2 low-temperature containers which are in accordance with the requirements of GB/T34510-2017 liquefied natural gas bottle for automobiles and are adopted, namely, a reflective screen material aluminum foil, 48 layers, a spacer layer material Z-shaped paper and 102 layers in total are adopted; according to the requirements of GB/T1843-2010 vacuum heat-insulating deep-cooling equipment performance test method, firstly, vacuum degree and interlayer leakage air release rate in normal temperature state are tested, then liquid nitrogen is filled, after the system is heat-balanced, measurement of low-temperature vacuum degree and maintenance time is carried out, average value of normal-temperature vacuum degree, interlayer leakage air release rate, low-temperature vacuum degree and standard maintenance time of a low-temperature container in the traditional process is calculated, and various performances of the low-temperature container with the same structure and specification of the 2 prior art processes are compared, and the comparison result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: the application relates to a table for comparing various indexes of a 450L low-temperature container with that of the low-temperature container in the prior art
| Performance index | Low-temperature container adopting traditional technology | The application relates to a low-temperature container |
| Nitrogen substitution + evacuation time/day | 7.5 | 4.5 |
| Normal temperature vacuum degree/Pa | 3.4×10 -2 | 8.6×10 -3 |
| Interlayer leakage rate/(Pa.m) 3 ·s -1 ) | 5.3×10 -7 | 6.2×10 -8 |
| Low temperature vacuum degree/Pa | 1.8×10 -3 | 5.5×10 -4 |
| Static evaporation rate/%/d | 2.46 | 1.95 |
| Target hold time/d | 5.3 | 7.2 |
From the above table analysis it is possible to obtain: the vacuum obtaining period of the low-temperature container interlayer by adopting the process is shortened by 40% compared with that of the low-temperature container interlayer by adopting the traditional process; the vacuum degree at normal temperature and the leakage and gassing rate of the interlayer are superior to those of the heat-insulating container obtained by the traditional process; compared with the traditional process for storing liquid nitrogen by the low-temperature container, the low-temperature container obtained by the process provided by the application has the advantages that the low-temperature vacuum degree is better, the static evaporation rate is lower, the standard state maintaining time is longer, the low-temperature container obtained by the process provided by the application can improve the interlayer low-temperature vacuum degree, and the interlayer vacuum life of the container can be effectively prolonged.
Effect example 2
At present, domestic small-sized liquid hydrogen containers are in a development stage, and commercial products are not seen in the market. According to the standard of the group of the technical requirement of the fixed vacuum heat insulation liquid hydrogen pressure vessel of the T/CATSI 05006-2021, the static evaporation rate detection of the '9.12.2.1' can adopt liquid nitrogen or liquid hydrogen as a medium. .. "liquid nitrogen is positively correlated with liquid hydrogen when the vacuum insulation properties of a pressure vessel are characterized. Therefore, the embodiment adopts liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium and can reflect the low-temperature heat insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen container to a certain extent.
In the embodiment of the effect, on a 650L reusable vacuum multilayer heat insulation test system, two groups of identical pressure vessels and multilayer heat insulation covers (180 layers in total, 83 reflection screens, L aluminum foils for the reflection screens and Z-shaped glass fiber paper for the spacing layer) are subjected to a construction process and a structure (53 reflection screens for the heat insulation cover of the inner vessel and 30 reflection screens for the heat insulation cover of the outer vessel) by adopting the process of the application, and a replacement and evacuation method are adopted; the other group is covered, replaced and evacuated by the prior art; then according to the requirements of GB/T1843-2010 vacuum heat insulation deep cooling equipment performance test method, firstly testing vacuum degree and interlayer leakage air release rate under normal temperature state, then filling liquid nitrogen, measuring low temperature vacuum degree and static evaporation rate after heat balance of the system, calculating to obtain normal temperature vacuum degree, interlayer leakage air release rate, low temperature vacuum degree and static evaporation rate of the test system under two working conditions, and calculating to obtain specific heat flow data, wherein the comparison result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: the application is compared with the vacuum heat insulation performance index comparison table in the prior art
| Performance index | Traditional process | The application is that |
| Normal temperature vacuum degree/Pa | 1.8×10 -3 | 9.5×10 -4 |
| Interlayer leakage rate/(Pa.m3.s-1) | 7.2×10 -7 | 3.8×10 -7 |
| Low temperature vacuum degree/Pa | 5.2×10 -3 | 5.1×10 -4 |
| Static evaporation rate/(%/d) | 1.1 | 0.85 |
| Specific heat flow/(W/m) 2 ) | 2.5 | 1.93 |
From the above table analysis it is possible to obtain: for the same multi-layer heat insulating material and container, the vacuum multi-layer heat insulating low-temperature container adopting the structure and the process of the application has higher normal-temperature vacuum degree and interlayer leakage and gassing rate than those obtained by the traditional heat insulating container. Compared with the traditional heat-insulating container for storing liquid nitrogen, the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating low-temperature container has better low-temperature vacuum degree, smaller static evaporation rate and smaller specific heat flow when storing liquid nitrogen, and the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating low-temperature container can shorten the replacement and evacuation time, improve the interlayer low-temperature vacuum degree and effectively improve the heat-insulating performance of the container.
As can be seen from the analysis of comparative effect example 1 and effect example 2, the vacuum performance test results of the insulated container according to the present application are significantly improved compared with the conventional insulated container, and the insulation performance is significantly improved as shown by the nondestructive storage time or the static evaporation rate test data, which has a great application prospect in the liquid hydrogen container with more strict insulation requirements.
The present application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the description is only the preferred embodiments of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. The application is applicable to all vacuum multilayer heat-insulating containers comprising a liquid nitrogen temperature zone and a liquid hydrogen temperature zone. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present application should be considered as falling within the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A low-temperature container with a layered heat insulation structure comprises an inner container, an outer container and an inner container heat insulation quilt wrapping the outer surface of the inner container, wherein the inner container and the outer container are connected through a support and form an interlayer space; the inner container is provided with a transfusion tube penetrating through the outer container; the outer container on be equipped with and find time mouth and air inlet, find time mouthful through find time the stopper shutoff, the air inlet passes through the shrouding and seals its characterized in that: an adsorption cabin and a plurality of supporting layers are arranged between the inner container and the inner container heat insulation quilt, and the adsorption cabin and the supporting layers are arranged at intervals, so that a gas channel is formed between the inner container heat insulation quilt and the outer surface of the inner container; the low-temperature adsorbent is filled in the adsorption cabin, and ventilation holes are formed in the adsorption cabin; the inner surface of the outer container is provided with an outer container heat insulation quilt, and the outer container heat insulation quilt comprises an outer cylinder heat insulation layer arranged on the inner surface of the outer container cylinder and an outer sealing head heat insulation layer arranged on the inner surface of the outer container sealing head; the outside of the support is wrapped with a support heat insulation quilt; the outer surface of the part of the infusion tube positioned in the interlayer space is wrapped with an infusion tube heat insulation quilt.
2. The cryogenic vessel having a layered insulation structure according to claim 1, wherein: the adsorption cabin comprises an inner vertical plate, an outer vertical plate and a cover plate, wherein the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate are of annular structures, the diameter of the outer vertical plate is larger than that of the inner vertical plate, the low-temperature ends of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate are welded at the end socket of the inner container, the inner vertical plate is positioned in the annular structures of the outer vertical plate, the cover plate is welded at the high-temperature ends of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate, and then the inner vertical plate, the outer vertical plate, the cover plate and the inner container are enclosed to form a cavity for filling the low-temperature adsorbent; the adsorption cabin is provided with an adsorbent filling pipe, and the adsorbent filling pipe is plugged by a filling port screw cap after the adsorption cabin is filled with the low-temperature adsorbent; the air holes are arranged on the inner vertical plate, the outer vertical plate and the filling port screw cap.
3. The cryogenic vessel having a layered insulation structure according to claim 2, wherein: the aperture of the air holes is 2 mm-20 mm, and stainless steel wire nets are arranged on the opposite sides of the inner vertical plate and the outer vertical plate and welded with the corresponding inner vertical plate or outer vertical plate.
4. The cryogenic vessel having a layered insulation structure according to claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation quilt of the outer container is fixed on the inner surface of the outer container through fixing nails and glass fiber belts; the fixing nails are welded on the inner surface of the outer container, the outer container heat insulation quilt is paved on the inner surface of the outer container, the fixing nails penetrate through the outer container heat insulation quilt, the end parts of the fixing nails are bent to clamp the outer container heat insulation quilt, and the glass fiber belts are wound on the inner side of the outer container heat insulation quilt and are bound and connected with the fixing nails; the inner surface of the heat insulating quilt of the outer container is paved with a plurality of reflecting layers corresponding to the penetrating positions of the fixing nails.
5. The cryogenic vessel having a layered insulation structure according to claim 1, wherein: the inner container heat insulation quilt comprises an inner container cylinder heat insulation quilt arranged on the outer surface of the inner container cylinder and an inner container seal head heat insulation quilt arranged on the outer surface of the inner container seal head, wherein a welding line compensation heat insulation quilt is paved at the high temperature end of the splicing position of the inner container cylinder heat insulation quilt and the inner container seal head heat insulation quilt; the low temperature end of the inner container heat insulation quilt is also provided with an independent reflecting screen.
6. The cryogenic vessel having a layered insulation structure of claim 5, wherein: the weld joint compensation adiabatic quilt comprises a plurality of reflecting layers and a plurality of spacing layers, wherein the reflecting layers and the spacing layers are alternately arranged, and the weld joint compensation adiabatic quilt is sewn with the inner container adiabatic quilt.
7. A method for obtaining a vacuum in a sandwich space of a low-temperature vessel having a layered heat-insulating structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, introducing a nitrogen source from an air inlet, communicating with an adsorption cabin, temporarily sealing the air inlet, and connecting an exhaust device at an evacuation port;
s2, nitrogen is conveyed by a nitrogen source, the nitrogen passes through ventilation holes in the adsorption cabin to enter a gas channel, and gas in the air interlayer is pumped out by an exhaust device, so that the pressure of the low-temperature end of the heat insulation quilt of the inner container is larger than that of the high-temperature end, and the nitrogen is pumped out by the exhaust device after passing through the heat insulation quilt of the inner container, so that nitrogen replacement is realized;
s3, after the nitrogen replacement is finished, removing a nitrogen source, filling an activated low-temperature adsorbent into the adsorption cabin, and permanently sealing the air inlet;
s4, vacuumizing the interlayer space, and sealing the vacuumizing opening after vacuumizing.
8. The method for obtaining a vacuum in a sandwich space of a cryogenic vessel having a layered heat-insulating structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: the air inlet is provided with a flange, and an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged on the outer side of the flange; the adsorption cabin is provided with an adsorbent filling pipe; in the step S1, a screw cap is screwed at the pipe orifice of the adsorbent filling pipe, an external thread conical surface sealing joint is arranged on the screw cap, a flange is temporarily sealed by a flange cover, the inner side and the outer side of the flange cover are respectively provided with a communicated external thread conical surface sealing joint, the external thread conical surface sealing joint on the screw cap and the external thread conical surface sealing joint on the inner side of the flange cover are connected by connecting pipes with loop thread spherical surface sealing joints at the two ends, a nitrogen replacement air inlet pipe is arranged at the loop thread spherical surface sealing joint on the outer side of the flange cover, the nitrogen replacement air inlet pipe is used for connecting a nitrogen source, the adsorbent filling pipe is communicated with the nitrogen source, and the air inlet is temporarily sealed;
and step S3, after nitrogen replacement and low-temperature adsorbent filling are completed, the adsorbent filling pipe is covered by a filling port screw cap with air holes so as to prevent the low-temperature adsorbent from leaking out of the adsorption cabin, and the flange is permanently sealed by a sealing plate.
9. The method for obtaining a vacuum in a sandwich space of a cryogenic vessel having a layered heat-insulating structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step S2, the temperature of nitrogen is 120-200 ℃ in the nitrogen replacement process, and the pressure of the replaced nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.12Mpa.
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| CN111810834A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-23 | 杭州富士达特种材料股份有限公司 | Vacuum obtaining system and method for vacuum multilayer heat insulation low-temperature container interlayer |
| CN213930382U (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2021-08-10 | 杭州富士达特种材料股份有限公司 | High-efficient cryogenic adsorbent cabin and low temperature storage tank based on high-efficient cryogenic adsorbent cabin |
| CN111928108A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-13 | 杭州富士达特种材料股份有限公司 | High-efficiency vacuum multi-layer low-temperature heat insulation structure and coating method |
| CN112303476A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-02 | 山东中车同力钢构有限公司 | Vacuum pumping system and method for tank container for freezing liquefied gas |
| CN216813744U (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-06-24 | 兰州理工大学 | Heat insulation supporting structure of low-temperature container |
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