CN116623027B - Preparation method of titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized alloy components - Google Patents
Preparation method of titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized alloy components Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010314 arc-melting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 16
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 description 15
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum vanadium Chemical compound [Al].[V] HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SnH3][Al] Chemical compound [SnH3][Al] YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SWCGXFPZSCXOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Mo] Chemical compound [Zr].[Mo] SWCGXFPZSCXOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910011214 Ti—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001295 No alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of nonferrous metal processing, and discloses a preparation method of a titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized alloy components, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing spray powder by taking alloy components with melting point higher than 1000 ℃ in titanium alloy as raw materials, preparing spray liquid by taking alloy components with melting point lower than 1000 ℃ in titanium alloy as raw materials, then spraying spray liquid adhered with spray powder on the surfaces of titanium sponge particles, preparing titanium sponge particles with alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces, fully mixing the titanium sponge particles with alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and the titanium sponge particles without alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces, pressing and assembling to form a consumable electrode, and finally carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting on the consumable electrode to prepare titanium alloy cast ingots. The titanium alloy cast ingot prepared by the method realizes high homogenization of alloy components, reduces the times of vacuum consumable arc melting, and avoids the problems of electrode chipping and cracking in the vacuum consumable arc melting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nonferrous metal processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized alloy components.
Background
Titanium alloy has high specific strength, good heat resistance and good corrosion resistance, becomes one of the most important metals in industry, and is widely used in the industrial fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, sea water desalination, medical appliances and the like. Common alloying elements of the titanium alloy are aluminum, tin, vanadium, zirconium, manganese and the like, and the strength of the titanium alloy can be obviously improved by using the alloying elements in a matching way, and meanwhile, good plasticity and cold and hot workability are maintained. However, titanium alloys are very sensitive to composition, even small fluctuations in composition can have a significant adverse effect on the properties of the titanium alloy, e.g., the nominal composition of TA18 titanium alloy is Ti-3Al-2.5V, and if the Al content of the localized region in the alloy exceeds 7%, ti will precipitate 3 The Al brittle phase leads to the reduction of the comprehensive performance of the alloy, particularly greatly reduces the plasticity of the TA18 titanium alloy, the V element is a titanium alloy beta phase stabilizing element, the beta phase content of a V-rich local area is obviously increased, and the plasticity of the TA18 titanium alloy is also reduced. TA18 titanium alloys are mainly used for manufacturing seamless pipes for aircraft piping systems, and cold rolling processes require very good shaping. For manufacturing the TA18 titanium alloy seamless tube with low and medium strength levels, a certain degree of local enrichment of Al and V elements is allowed to occur, but the TA18 titanium alloy seamless tube with high strength levels puts high requirements on the uniformity of alloy elements, and slight uneven distribution of the Al and V elements can lead to cracking in the cold rolling process of the TA18 titanium alloy seamless tube with high strength levels and unqualified flaring plasticity indexes of finished tubes. Other titanium alloys such as TA16, TA21, TC4 are subject to the same conditions, i.e. allow for small fluctuations in the alloy composition under typical processing and use requirements, but must be highly homogenized under severe processing conditions and use requirements. The high homogenization of the alloy components of the titanium alloy product is realized mainly by the following two continuous links, namely, the high homogenization of the alloy components of the blank of the titanium alloy product, namely, the titanium alloy ingot, is ensured, and the plastic processing is further carried out on the titanium alloy ingot. Obviously, ensuring the high homogenization of the alloy components of the titanium alloy ingot is a precondition and key to achieving the high homogenization of the alloy components of the titanium alloy product.
However, it is difficult to achieve high homogenization of the alloy composition of the titanium alloy ingot. At present, most high-quality titanium alloy ingots are prepared by adopting vacuum consumable arc melting, namely sponge titanium particles, bean-shaped alloy element pure metals and bean-shaped alloy element intermediate alloys are used as raw materials, are mixed and pressed into consumable electrodes, and then the titanium alloy ingots are prepared by adopting a vacuum consumable arc melting method. The sponge titanium particles with different sizes, the bean-shaped alloy element pure metal and the bean-shaped alloy element intermediate alloy are difficult to be fully and uniformly mixed like metal powder, and the vacuum consumable arc melting belongs to a melting method in which melting and solidification are carried out simultaneously, so that even though homogenization is promoted by vacuum consumable arc melting for at least 3 times, an enrichment region and a depletion region of alloy components in a titanium alloy cast ingot still appear. The realization of high homogenization of the alloy composition by the subsequent plastic deformation of the titanium alloy ingot requires repeated forging and extrusion processes, which is very time-consuming and costly.
In order to improve the homogenization degree of the alloy components of the titanium alloy ingot, chinese patent CN113278812A discloses a vacuum self-consumption smelting method of a high Mo content Ti-Mo alloy homogeneous ingot for improving the uniformity of the alloy components of the Ti-Mo titanium alloy ingot, which adopts 5 times of vacuum self-consumption arc smelting and forges a Ti-Mo electrode after two times of vacuum self-consumption arc smelting; in the Chinese patent CN113832363A titanium alloy ingot and the preparation method thereof, the homogenization of the alloy components of the titanium alloy ingot is promoted by a stable smelting stage and a feeding stage which are sequentially carried out in the vacuum consumable arc smelting process; the invention of Chinese patent CN 114091248A discloses a simulation method for predicting the solidification process of a vacuum consumable smelting ingot, which has a good guiding effect on optimizing the vacuum consumable arc smelting process to obtain an ingot with uniform components.
For the preparation method of the current consumable electrode, as the raw materials are large particles, and the binding force of the titanium sponge particles accounting for most of the titanium sponge particles after pressing is poor, two problems are caused, namely, the binding force between the titanium sponge particles at the central part of the consumable electrode is insufficient, the problem of block falling in the smelting process exists, and for the large cast ingot, in order to avoid the problem of insufficient binding strength between the titanium sponge particles, the corresponding large electrode blocks cannot be prepared for assembling and welding the whole electrode, but only the smaller electrode blocks can be prepared for assembling and welding the whole electrode, so that the number of welding points is increased, and the accident rate that the smelting process is forced to stop due to the failure of the welding points in the smelting process is increased. Therefore, a novel preparation method of the titanium alloy ingot is needed, not only can the high homogenization of alloy components of the titanium alloy ingot be ensured, but also the times of vacuum consumable arc melting can be reduced, and the safety of the vacuum consumable arc melting process can be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a titanium alloy ingot with highly uniform alloy components, which utilizes a spray deposition method to deposit alloy component layers on the surfaces of sponge particles to prepare raw materials of a consumable electrode, thereby realizing the highly uniform alloy components of the titanium alloy ingot.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing spray powder by taking alloy components with melting points higher than 1000 ℃ in the titanium alloy as raw materials, and preparing spray liquid by taking alloy components with melting points lower than 1000 ℃ in the titanium alloy as raw materials;
step 2: spraying liquid adhered with spraying powder on the surface of the titanium sponge particles to prepare titanium sponge particles with alloy component layers deposited on the surface;
step 3: fully mixing the titanium sponge particles with the alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and the titanium sponge particles without the alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces, and preparing the self-consuming electrode after mixing;
step 4: and carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting on the consumable electrode to prepare the titanium alloy cast ingot.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components, the invention comprises the following steps: spraying the spray liquid adhered with the spray powder on the titanium sponge particles by adopting a co-spraying method.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components, the invention comprises the following steps: when spraying the spraying liquid adhered with the spraying powder on the surface of the sponge titanium particles, the sponge titanium particles are placed on a vibrating table, and the sponge titanium particles keep throwing motion on the vibrating table.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components, the invention comprises the following steps: the spraying process of spraying the spraying liquid adhered with the spraying powder on the surface of the titanium sponge particles is carried out in a spraying chamber, a spraying head is arranged at the upper part of the spraying chamber, a vibrating table is arranged below the spraying head, and the spraying chamber is protected by inert gas.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components, the invention comprises the following steps: the mass percentage of the titanium sponge particles with the alloy component layers deposited on the surface of the consumable electrode is more than or equal to 70%.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components, the invention comprises the following steps: the particle size of the spray powder is smaller than 10 mu m, and the particle size of the titanium sponge particles is 5-12.5 mm.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components, the invention comprises the following steps: and when spraying liquid adhered with spraying powder on the surfaces of the titanium sponge particles, wherein the upward polishing height of the titanium sponge particles is not less than 5cm.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components, the invention comprises the following steps: in the co-injection process, the injection powder is directly injected into an atomizing cone formed by the injection liquid.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components, the invention comprises the following steps: the number of times of vacuum consumable arc melting is not more than 2.
By adopting the method provided by the invention, the high homogenization of the alloy components of the titanium alloy ingot can be realized, the times of vacuum consumable arc melting can be effectively reduced, and the safety of the vacuum consumable arc melting process can be effectively improved. Because after the surface of the titanium sponge particles is coated with an alloy element layer, particularly when the alloy element contains more soft elements such as Al, sn, cu and the like, the contact surface between the titanium sponge particles becomes the contact surface between the alloy element deposition layers, and the alloy element deposition layers are easy to adhere and mesh with each other because of softer materials in the electrode block pressing process, so that the bonding strength between the particles is greatly increased, and the strength of the electrode block is further greatly improved, the electrode block can be made larger, the number of subsequent assembly welding spots is reduced, and the safety of a consumable electrode is improved; and the strength of the electrode block is improved, so that the danger of block falling in the vacuum consumable arc melting process is avoided.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the invention, by spraying and depositing alloy component layers on the surfaces of the titanium sponge particles, the high homogenization of the alloy components of the titanium alloy cast ingot can be realized under the condition of no more than 2 times of vacuum consumable arc melting;
(2) According to the invention, the alloy component layer is sprayed and deposited on the surface of the titanium sponge particles, so that the compaction degree of the consumable electrode block in the compaction process and the bonding strength between particles are increased, and the problems of block dropping and cracking of the consumable electrode in the smelting process are avoided;
(3) According to the invention, the alloy component layer is sprayed and deposited on the surface of the titanium sponge particles, so that the consumable electrode block with large size and high strength can be prepared, the assembly welding point of the whole consumable electrode can be reduced, and the safety of the vacuum consumable arc melting process is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing a titanium alloy ingot with highly uniform alloy composition in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a spray device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 9-point sampling location of a titanium ingot head section.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing the titanium alloy ingot with the highly homogenized alloy composition comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of preparing spray powder by taking alloy components with melting points higher than 1000 ℃ in titanium alloy as raw materials, and preparing spray liquid by taking alloy components with melting points lower than 1000 ℃ in titanium alloy as raw materials.
The alloy components with the melting point higher than 1000 ℃ in the titanium alloy comprise vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium, niobium and the like. According to specific alloy components corresponding to different brands of titanium alloys, preparing spray powder firstly, if a certain brands of titanium alloys only contain one alloy component with the melting point higher than 1000 ℃, preparing the alloy component powder as spray powder by taking the alloy component powder as a raw material, and if 2 or more alloy components with the melting point higher than 1000 ℃ are contained, preparing the spray powder by taking 2 or more alloy components with the melting point higher than 1000 ℃ as the raw material after fully mixing. The purity of each component of the spray powder raw material is higher than 99.95 percent, and the particle size is smaller than 10 mu m.
The alloy components with the melting point lower than 1000 ℃ in the titanium alloy comprise aluminum, tin and the like, the spray liquid is prepared according to specific alloy components corresponding to different brands of titanium alloys, if a certain brands of titanium alloy only contains one alloy component with the melting point lower than 1000 ℃, the alloy component is used as a raw material to prepare the spray liquid, and if 2 or more alloy components with the melting point lower than 1000 ℃ are contained, 2 or more alloy components with the melting point lower than 1000 ℃ are used as raw materials to prepare the spray liquid. The purity of the alloy component raw materials used for preparing the spray liquid should be higher than 99.95%. The spray liquid is prepared by a vacuum induction heating smelting method.
Step 2: spraying liquid adhered with spraying powder on the surface of the titanium sponge particles to prepare titanium sponge particles with alloy component layers deposited on the surface;
as shown in fig. 2, the injection apparatus includes an injection chamber 1, a vibrating table 2, a nozzle 3, a smelting furnace 4, an atomizer 5, a powder feeder 6, and a powder feeding nozzle 7. The nozzle 3 is located at the upper part of the ejection chamber 1, and the vibrating table 2 is located at the lower part of the ejection chamber 1. Firstly, placing titanium sponge particles 8 with the particle size of 5-12.5mm on a vibration table 2 positioned at the lower part of an injection chamber 1, and longitudinally and mechanically vibrating the vibration table 2, so that the titanium sponge particles 8 do upward polishing movement under the mechanical vibration action of the vibration table 2, and the upward polishing height is not less than 5cm.
Then spraying liquid adhered with spraying powder to the sponge titanium particles by utilizing a co-spraying technology to prepare the sponge titanium particles with the alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces. The principle and the process are as follows: the spray liquid 9 is sprayed downward from the nozzle 3 at a high speed by the atomizer 5 to form a spray liquid atomizing cone 10, i.e., a cone-shaped mist composed of numerous spray liquid droplets. The spray powder 11 is sprayed into the spray liquid atomizing cone 10 through the powder feeding nozzle 7 so as to adhere to the spray liquid droplets. The small liquid drops of the spray liquid adhered with the spray powder are sprayed at a high speed on the titanium sponge particles 8 positioned on the vibration table 2, and spread on the surfaces of the titanium sponge particles 8 and are cooled and solidified to form an alloy composition layer after striking the surfaces of the titanium sponge particles 8, so that the co-spraying process of the solid-phase spray powder and the liquid-phase spray liquid is realized. In the co-spraying process, the titanium sponge particles 8 keep the upward throwing motion, and the vibration table 2 also transversely moves, so that the accessibility and uniformity of spraying are ensured.
The ratio of the flow rate of the spray liquid to the flow rate of the spray powder depends on the alloy composition of the corresponding grade of titanium alloy. The spray chamber 1 is protected by argon.
The method for preparing the alloy component layer on the surface of the titanium sponge particles 8 by adopting the co-spraying method has the following advantages: (1) The melting point of the jet liquid is low, so that the requirements on smelting equipment and nozzles are reduced; (2) The requirements on spraying technological parameters are reduced, and the titanium sponge particles are easy to spray and deposit on the surfaces of the titanium sponge particles to form firmly-combined alloy component layers; (3) The spray liquid formed by multiple alloy components is prevented from reacting with the crucible at high temperature, and the spray liquid is prevented from being polluted.
After the alloy component layer is deposited on the surface of the titanium sponge particles 8, the homogenization of the alloy component of the titanium alloy cast ingot is facilitated, and the pressing into the electrode block with high density and high strength is facilitated. Because the alloy component layer matrix deposited on the surface of the titanium sponge particles 8 is a soft layer such as aluminum or aluminum-tin, the soft layer is favorable for the coordinated movement densification of the titanium sponge particles 8 in the pressing process, and the titanium sponge particles are easy to mutually adhere and mesh, so that the bonding strength among the particles is greatly increased, the strength of the electrode block is greatly improved, the electrode block can be made larger, the number of subsequent assembly welding spots is reduced, and the safety of a consumable electrode is improved; and the strength of the electrode block is improved, so that the danger of block falling in the vacuum consumable arc melting process is avoided.
Step 3: fully mixing the titanium sponge particles with the alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and the titanium sponge particles without the alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces, and preparing the self-consuming electrode after mixing;
the vacuum consumable arc melting can further promote homogenization of the alloy components of the titanium alloy ingot, so that all titanium sponge particles are not required to be deposited with alloy component layers, namely, the alloy components of the titanium alloy are not required to be uniformly distributed on the surfaces of all titanium sponge particles, and the requirement of high homogenization of the alloy components of the titanium alloy ingot can be met only by uniformly distributing the alloy components of the titanium alloy on the surfaces of most titanium sponge particles, so that the production cost can be reduced. The production cost is balanced with the homogenization effect of the alloy components of the titanium alloy cast ingot, and the titanium sponge particles with the alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces are required to account for 70% or more of the proportion of the raw materials of the consumable electrode.
In this step, the titanium sponge particles having the alloy component layer deposited on the surface and the titanium sponge particles having no alloy component layer deposited on the surface are thoroughly mixed as the raw material for the consumable electrode. The consumable electrode raw material is pressed into a plurality of smaller consumable electrode blocks by a special die under high pressure, and then the consumable electrode blocks are assembled and welded into the final consumable electrode.
Step 4: and carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting on the consumable electrode to prepare the titanium alloy cast ingot.
And (3) carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting for 1-2 times by adopting the consumable electrode prepared in the step (3), and obtaining the titanium alloy cast ingot with highly uniform alloy components.
Example 1
The required titanium alloy cast ingot is TA18, and the nominal component is Ti-3Al-2.5V.
A preparation method of a titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized alloy components comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing spray powder by taking vanadium metal powder as a raw material, and preparing spray liquid by taking aluminum as a raw material;
vanadium metal powder with purity of more than 99.95% is used as a raw material, and vanadium spray powder with particle size of less than 10 microns is prepared by high-energy ball milling or other methods. And (3) placing high-purity aluminum with purity of more than 99.95% into a graphite crucible, smelting the high-purity aluminum by adopting a vacuum induction heating method to prepare aluminum injection liquid, and maintaining the temperature of the injection liquid in a graphite crucible smelting furnace at 730-750 ℃.
Step 2: spraying aluminum spraying liquid adhered with vanadium spraying powder on the surface of the titanium sponge particles to prepare titanium sponge particles with aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surface;
the titanium sponge particles with the particle size of 5-12.5mm are placed on a vibrating table, and aluminum spraying liquid adhered with vanadium spraying powder is sprayed on the surfaces of the titanium sponge particles by utilizing a spraying device, namely, titanium sponge particles with aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces are prepared by a co-spraying technology. Argon is adopted as the gas of the atomized aluminum spray solution, and the pressure of the argon is 3.0MPa; the nozzle-to-vibrating table distance was 300mm. The ratio of the flow (g/min) of the aluminum injection liquid sprayed by the nozzle to the flow (g/min) of the vanadium injection powder sprayed by the powder nozzle is 3:2.5. The spray chamber is protected by argon.
In the spraying process, the vibration table keeps mechanical vibration, the titanium sponge particles continuously move upwards under the mechanical vibration action of the vibration table, and the upwards-throwing height of the titanium sponge particles is controlled to be 5-10cm. During the spraying process, the vibration table also makes a round-trip movement at a speed of 0.6 mm/s. And after the spraying is finished, depositing a layer of aluminum-vanadium alloy component layer on the surface of the titanium sponge particles.
Step 3: and fully mixing the titanium sponge particles with the aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and the titanium sponge particles without the aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces, and pressing and assembling and welding the mixture to form the consumable electrode.
Fully mixing the sponge titanium particles with the aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and the sponge titanium particles without the aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces as raw materials of the consumable electrode, wherein the mass ratio of the sponge titanium particles with the aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces is 70%, the mass ratio of the sponge titanium particles without the aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces is 30%, then placing the consumable electrode raw materials into a mould, pressing the consumable electrode raw materials into a plurality of electrode blocks, and finally assembling and welding the plurality of electrode blocks into the consumable electrode.
Step 4: and carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting on the consumable electrode to prepare the titanium alloy cast ingot.
The TA18 titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized components is prepared by 2 times of vacuum consumable arc melting.
And (3) longitudinally sampling five parts of the head, the upper part, the middle part, the lower part and the bottom of the titanium alloy ingot casting prepared in the step (4), and detecting components. The sampling method comprises the following steps: the longitudinal chemical composition of the titanium alloy ingot was measured by sampling at a position (head) 100mm from the top surface, an intermediate position (middle) between the ingot, an intermediate position (upper) between the head and the middle, a position (bottom) 25mm from the bottom surface, and an intermediate position (lower) between the bottom and the middle, respectively.
The head section is obtained by cutting the head position of the titanium alloy ingot in the radial direction, 9-point (TP 1-TP 9) sampling is carried out on the head section by adopting a 9-point sampling method shown in FIG. 3, and chemical components of TP1 to TP9 are measured. R in fig. 3 represents the radius of the ingot profile.
The chemical composition of the longitudinal direction of the obtained titanium alloy cast ingot is shown in table 1, and the chemical composition of the 9 points of the end face of the head of the titanium alloy cast ingot is shown in table 2.
Table 1 example 1 titanium alloy ingot longitudinal chemical composition
As can be seen from table 1: the TA18 cast ingot prepared by the method has good component uniformity, the content deviation of the longitudinal alloy components Al and V of the cast ingot is not more than 0.03 percent (wt.%), and the content of the impurity element Fe, O, C, N, H, Y element meets the control range requirements of less than or equal to 0.30 percent, 0.12 percent, 0.05 percent, 0.025 percent, 0.015 percent and 0.005 percent.
Table 2 example 1 titanium alloy ingot head end face 9 o' clock chemical composition
As can be seen from table 2: the uniformity of the components of the cast ingot is good, the content deviation of the alloy components Al and V in the analysis result of 9 points of the end face of the head is not more than 0.03 percent (wt.%), and the content of the impurity element Fe meets the control range requirement of less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
Example 2
The brand of the titanium alloy ingot to be prepared is TC1, and the nominal component is Ti-2Al-1.5Mn.
A preparation method of a titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized alloy components comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing spray powder by taking manganese metal powder as a raw material, and preparing spray liquid by taking aluminum as a raw material;
manganese metal powder with purity of more than 99.95% is used as a raw material, and manganese spray powder with particle size of less than 10 microns is prepared by high-energy ball milling or other methods. And (3) placing high-purity aluminum with purity of more than 99.95% into a graphite crucible, smelting the high-purity aluminum by adopting a vacuum induction heating method to prepare aluminum injection liquid, and maintaining the temperature of the injection liquid in a graphite crucible smelting furnace at 730-750 ℃.
Step 2: spraying aluminum spraying liquid adhered with manganese spraying powder on the surface of the titanium sponge particles to prepare titanium sponge particles with aluminum-manganese alloy component layers deposited on the surface;
the titanium sponge particles with the particle size of 5-12.5mm are placed on a vibrating table, and aluminum injection liquid adhered with manganese injection powder is injected to the titanium sponge particles by using an injection device, namely, titanium sponge particles with aluminum-manganese alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces are prepared by a co-injection technology. Argon is adopted as the gas of the atomized aluminum spray solution, and the pressure of the argon is 3.0MPa; the nozzle-to-vibrating table distance was 300mm. The ratio of the flow (g/min) of the aluminum injection liquid sprayed by the nozzle to the flow (g/min) of the manganese injection powder sprayed by the powder nozzle is 2:1.5. The spray chamber is protected by argon.
In the spraying process, the vibration table keeps vibrating, the titanium sponge particles continuously move in a upward-throwing mode under the mechanical vibration effect of the vibration table, and the upward-throwing height of the titanium sponge particles is controlled to be 5-10cm. During the spraying process, the vibration table also makes a round-trip movement at a speed of 0.6 mm/s. After the spraying is finished, a layer of aluminum-manganese alloy component layer is deposited on the surface of the titanium sponge particles.
Step 3: and fully mixing the titanium sponge particles with the aluminum-manganese alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and the titanium sponge particles without the aluminum-manganese alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces, and pressing and assembling and welding the mixture to form the consumable electrode.
The method comprises the steps of fully mixing sponge titanium particles with aluminum-manganese alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and sponge titanium particles without aluminum-manganese alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces as raw materials of a consumable electrode, wherein the mass ratio of the sponge titanium particles with aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces is 75%, the mass ratio of the sponge titanium particles without aluminum-vanadium alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces is 25%, then placing the consumable electrode raw materials into a mould, pressing the consumable electrode raw materials into a plurality of electrode blocks, and finally assembling and welding the plurality of electrode blocks into the consumable electrode.
Step 4: and carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting on the consumable electrode to prepare the titanium alloy cast ingot.
The TC1 titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized components is prepared by 1-time vacuum consumable arc melting.
And (3) longitudinally sampling five parts of the head, the upper part, the middle part, the lower part and the bottom of the titanium alloy ingot casting prepared in the step (4), and detecting components. The sampling method comprises the following steps: the longitudinal chemical composition of the titanium alloy ingot was measured by sampling at a position (head) 100mm from the top surface, an intermediate position (middle) between the ingot, an intermediate position (upper) between the head and the middle, a position (bottom) 25mm from the bottom surface, and an intermediate position (lower) between the bottom and the middle, respectively.
The head section is obtained by cutting the head position of the titanium alloy ingot in the radial direction, 9-point (TP 1-TP 9) sampling is carried out on the head section by adopting a 9-point sampling method shown in FIG. 2, and chemical components of TP1 to TP9 are measured.
The chemical composition of the longitudinal direction of the obtained titanium alloy cast ingot is shown in table 3, and the chemical composition of the 9 points of the end face of the head of the titanium alloy cast ingot is shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 example 2 titanium alloy ingot longitudinal chemical composition
As can be seen from table 3: the TC1 cast ingot prepared by the method has good component uniformity, the deviation of Al and Mn of each alloy element in the longitudinal direction of the cast ingot is not more than 0.03 percent (wt.% (the same applies below), and the content of the impurity element Fe, O, C, N, H meets the control range requirements of less than or equal to 0.3 percent, 0.15 percent, 0.10 percent, 0.05 percent and 0.012 percent.
Table 4 example 2 titanium alloy ingot head end face 9 o' clock chemical composition
As can be seen from table 4: the uniformity of the components of the cast ingot is good, the deviation of the alloy elements Al and Mn in the analysis result of 9 points of the end face of the head is not more than 0.04 percent and 0.03 percent (wt.%) respectively, and the content of Fe as an impurity element meets the control range requirement of less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
Example 3
The brand of the titanium alloy ingot to be prepared is TC19, and the nominal component is Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo.
A preparation method of a titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized alloy components comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing spray powder by taking zirconium metal powder and molybdenum metal powder as raw materials, and preparing spray liquid by taking aluminum and tin as raw materials;
zirconium metal powder and molybdenum metal powder with purity of more than 99.95% are used as raw materials, zirconium metal powder and molybdenum metal powder with particle size of less than 10 microns are prepared by high-energy ball milling or other methods, and then the zirconium metal powder and the molybdenum metal powder are fully mixed according to a mass ratio of 4:6 to prepare the zirconium-molybdenum spray powder. Aluminum and tin with purity more than 99.95% are placed into a graphite crucible according to a mass ratio of 6:2, aluminum and tin are smelted and prepared into aluminum-tin jet liquid by adopting a vacuum induction heating method, and the temperature of the aluminum-tin jet liquid in a graphite crucible smelting furnace is maintained at 730-750 ℃.
Step 2: spraying aluminum-tin spraying liquid adhered with zirconium-molybdenum spraying powder on the surface of the titanium sponge particles to prepare titanium sponge particles with zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layers deposited on the surface;
the titanium sponge particles with the particle size of 5-12.5mm are placed on a vibrating table, and aluminum-tin spraying liquid adhered with zirconium-molybdenum spraying powder is sprayed to the titanium sponge particles by utilizing a spraying device, namely, titanium sponge particles with aluminum-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces are prepared by a co-spraying technology. Argon is adopted as the gas of the atomized aluminum-tin spray solution, and the pressure of the argon is 3.0MPa; the nozzle-to-vibrating table distance was 300mm. The ratio of the aluminum-tin spray liquid flow (g/min) sprayed by the nozzle to the zirconium-molybdenum spray powder flow (g/min) sprayed by the powder nozzle is 8:10. The spray chamber is protected by argon.
In the spraying process, the vibration table keeps vibrating, the titanium sponge particles continuously move in a upward-throwing mode under the mechanical vibration effect of the vibration table, and the upward-throwing height of the titanium sponge particles is controlled to be 5-10cm. During the spraying process, the vibration table also makes a round-trip movement at a speed of 0.6 mm/s. After the spraying is finished, a layer of aluminum-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layer is deposited on the surface of the titanium sponge particles.
Step 3: the titanium sponge particles with the aluminum-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and the titanium sponge particles without the aluminum-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces are fully mixed, pressed and assembled and welded into the consumable electrode.
The method comprises the steps of fully mixing sponge titanium particles with aluminum-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and sponge titanium particles without aluminum-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces as raw materials of a consumable electrode, wherein the mass ratio of the sponge titanium particles with aluminum-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces is 80%, the mass ratio of the sponge titanium particles without aluminum-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces is 20%, then placing the consumable electrode raw materials into a mould, pressing the mould into a plurality of electrode blocks, and finally welding the plurality of electrode blocks into the consumable electrode.
Step 4: and carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting on the consumable electrode to prepare the titanium alloy cast ingot.
The TC19 titanium alloy cast ingot with highly homogenized components is prepared by 2 times of vacuum consumable arc melting.
And (3) longitudinally sampling five parts of the head, the upper part, the middle part, the lower part and the bottom of the titanium alloy ingot casting prepared in the step (4), and detecting components. The sampling method comprises the following steps: the longitudinal chemical composition of the titanium alloy ingot was measured by sampling at a position (head) 100mm from the top surface, an intermediate position (middle) between the ingot, an intermediate position (upper) between the head and the middle, a position (bottom) 25mm from the bottom surface, and an intermediate position (lower) between the bottom and the middle, respectively.
The head section is obtained by cutting the head position of the titanium alloy ingot in the radial direction, 9-point (TP 1-TP 9) sampling is carried out on the head section by adopting a 9-point sampling method shown in FIG. 2, and chemical components of TP1 to TP9 are measured.
The chemical composition of the longitudinal direction of the obtained titanium alloy cast ingot is shown in Table 5, and the chemical composition of the 9 points of the end face of the head of the titanium alloy cast ingot is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 5 example 3 titanium alloy ingot longitudinal chemical composition
As can be seen from table 5: the TC19 cast ingot prepared by the method has good component uniformity, and the deviation of each alloy element Al, sn, zr and Mo in the longitudinal direction of the cast ingot is not more than 0.03 percent (wt.%), 0.03 percent, 0.02 percent and 0.05 percent respectively. The content of the impurity element Fe, si, O, C, N, H satisfies the control range requirements of 0.15%, 0.10%, 0.05% and 0.015% or less.
TABLE 6 example 3 titanium alloy ingot head end face 9 o' clock chemical composition
As can be seen from table 6: the uniformity of the composition of the cast ingot is good, and the deviation of each alloy element Al, sn, zr and Mo in the analysis result of 9 points of the end face of the head is not more than 0.03 percent (wt.%), 0.03 percent, 0.05 percent and 0.04 percent respectively. And the contents of Fe and Si elements of the impurity elements meet the control range requirements of less than or equal to 0.15% and 0.15% respectively.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and that all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the scope of the invention.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the contents of the embodiment. Various changes and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and any changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the titanium alloy cast ingot with the highly homogenized alloy components is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing spray powder by taking alloy components with melting points higher than 1000 ℃ in the titanium alloy as raw materials, and preparing spray liquid by taking alloy components with melting points lower than 1000 ℃ in the titanium alloy as raw materials;
step 2: spraying liquid adhered with spraying powder on the surface of the titanium sponge particles to prepare titanium sponge particles with alloy component layers deposited on the surface;
step 3: fully mixing the titanium sponge particles with the alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces and the titanium sponge particles without the alloy component layers deposited on the surfaces, and preparing the self-consuming electrode after mixing;
step 4: and carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting on the consumable electrode to prepare the titanium alloy cast ingot.
2. The method for producing a titanium alloy ingot having a highly uniform alloy composition according to claim 1, wherein the spray liquid to which the spray powder is adhered is sprayed onto the titanium sponge particles by a co-spraying method.
3. The method for producing a titanium alloy ingot having a highly uniform alloy composition according to claim 2, wherein the titanium sponge particles are placed on a vibrating table while spraying the spray liquid adhering the spray powder to the surface of the titanium sponge particles, and the titanium sponge particles are kept in an upward-throwing motion on the vibrating table.
4. The method for preparing a titanium alloy ingot with highly uniform alloy components according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the spraying process of spraying the spraying liquid adhered with the spraying powder on the surface of the sponge titanium particles is performed in a spraying chamber, a spraying head is arranged at the upper part of the spraying chamber, a vibrating table is arranged below the spraying head, and the spraying chamber is protected by inert gas.
5. The method for producing a titanium alloy ingot having a highly homogenized alloy composition according to claim 1, wherein the consumable electrode has a surface on which a layer of titanium sponge particles of an alloy composition is deposited in a mass percentage of 70% or more.
6. The method for producing a titanium alloy ingot having a highly homogenized alloy composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that the particle size of the spray powder is less than 10 μm and the particle size of the titanium sponge particles is 5 to 12.5mm.
7. The method for producing a titanium alloy ingot having a highly uniform alloy composition according to claim 4, wherein the titanium sponge particles have a rise height of not less than 5cm when a spray liquid to which spray powder adheres is sprayed onto the surfaces of the titanium sponge particles.
8. A method of producing a titanium alloy ingot having a highly homogenized alloy composition according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that in said co-injection process, the injection powder is directly injected into an atomizing cone formed by the injection liquid.
9. A method of producing a titanium alloy ingot having a highly homogenized alloy composition in accordance with any of claims 1, 2, 5 and 7, wherein said vacuum consumable arc melting is performed no more than 2 times.
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