CN116618682A - Method for preparing wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on additive manufacturing technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on additive manufacturing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for preparing wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on additive manufacturing technology relates to the technical field of electron beam additive manufacturing, and comprises the following steps: step 1: preparing electron beam powder with the particle size of 30-150 mu m; step 2: establishing a three-dimensional model of the printed metal part; step 3: and adjusting printing process parameters and a scanning strategy, performing additive manufacturing by using electron beam equipment, and directly obtaining the high-precision wide Wen Yuheng elastic titanium alloy. The alloy prepared by the method has wide Wen Yuheng elastic property, can be directly generated by controlling additive manufacturing process parameters, does not need subsequent processing treatment, has room temperature elastic modulus of 35-55 GPa, and keeps the elastic modulus unchanged in a temperature range of-50-200 ℃. The method has simple process steps, low production cost and short processing period, and has good application prospect in the fields of national defense, aerospace, precision machinery and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electron beam additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for preparing a wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on an additive manufacturing technology.
Background
The constant modulus alloy has the function characteristic of keeping the elastic modulus unchanged in a certain temperature range, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, precision machinery and the like. Parts used in general precision instruments often have problems of complicated part design, high processing difficulty, numerous processing procedures, high manufacturing cost and the like, thereby limiting further development of the precision machinery field.
The additive manufacturing technology is based on a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model, can directly print finished parts without a die, has the manufacturing precision of +/-20 mu m, and has extremely high processing precision. And parts with complex structures can be formed, and the problems of dead angles and the like in the traditional processing mode are avoided.
The electron beam selective melting technology is an additive manufacturing technology using electron beams as heat sources, and has several important technological parameters including scanning speed, electron beam current, deflection of focus, wire deflection of focus, bottom plate temperature, etc. the mechanical properties, phase content, phase composition and microstructure of the same metal parts processed by different processing technologies are different.
Therefore, the processing characteristics of the additive manufacturing technology are utilized, and the phase content, the phase composition and the microstructure of the part are regulated by controlling the process parameters, so that the aim of directly preparing the wide Wen Yuheng modulus titanium alloy is fulfilled. The manufacturing cost can be reduced, the processing procedures can be reduced, the processing time can be shortened, and the molding can be directly performed with high precision. The constant modulus titanium alloy prepared by the additive manufacturing technology can be directly and quickly molded without complicated processing procedures, has excellent performance, and has good application prospects in the fields of national defense, aerospace, precision machinery and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on an additive manufacturing technology, which is used for preparing the wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy, wherein the room temperature elastic modulus of the wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy is in a range of 35-55 Gpa, and the elastic modulus can be kept unchanged in a temperature range of-50-200 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on an additive manufacturing technology comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: preparing electron beam powder with the particle size of 30-150 mu m;
according to the type of alloy to be printed, spherical alloy powder with specified components is prepared, and an air atomization process or a rotating electrode mode is selected to prepare the alloy powder. The particle size distribution of the powder is 30-150 mu m, the powder characteristics of the powder need to meet the particle size distribution, D10 is 48-52 mu m, D50 is 68-72 mu m, and D90 is 95-100 mu m. The apparent density is 2.4-3.0 g/cm 3 The tap density is 2.6-3.5 g/cm 3 The Hall fluidity is less than or equal to 30 (s/50 g), and the hollow powder rate is not more than 0.5 percent.
Step 2: establishing a three-dimensional model of the printed metal part;
using three-dimensional modeling software to establish a three-dimensional model of the metal part, and importing the designed three-dimensional model into three-dimensional model processing software to perform graphic optimization and subsequent support design; then, the optimized three-dimensional model is led into a computer control system of an electron beam molten metal forming device, and the electron beam additive manufacturing device is used for carrying out subsequent printing work;
step 3: adjusting printing process parameters and a scanning strategy, and performing additive manufacturing by using electron beam equipment;
and selecting a bottom plate according to the size of the printing model, preheating the bottom plate to the printing temperature, setting the powder paving thickness of each layer in the printing process, and setting printing process parameters and a scanning strategy for printing.
The scanning strategy is a layer-by-layer deflection 90 DEG printing method, namely, molten pool lines between adjacent printing layers are mutually perpendicular. The temperature of the bottom plate ranges from 450 ℃ to 550 ℃, the thickness of each layer of powder is 50-70 mu m, preferably 70 mu m, the scanning speed is 1300-1500 mm/s, the electron beam current is 7-9 mA, the deflection amount is 10-15 mA, and the line deflection is 0.1-0.2 mm.
The method for preparing the wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on the additive manufacturing technology comprises the following steps of:
in said step 1, the alloy powder is required to satisfy an electron concentration ratio e/a of between 4.10 and 4.25.
In the step 2, the equipment for printing adopts electron beam selective melting equipment.
In the step 2, the three-dimensional modeling software includes Solidworks, creo, UG.
In the step 3, the input energy density E of the technological parameters is 25-35J/mm 3 ，Wherein U is electron beam emission voltage, I is electron beam current, H is powder spreading thickness, L is line deflection focus, and V is scanning speed.
In the step 3, the prepared constant modulus alloy does not need any processing treatment, and the alloy with constant elasticity can be directly prepared by an additive manufacturing technology. The constant modulus titanium alloy has stable constant elastic modulus at the temperature of between 50 ℃ below zero and 200 ℃, the tensile strength of the alloy at the room temperature is between 670 and 750MPa, and the density is more than 99 percent.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the process based on the additive manufacturing technology has adjustability, and comprises a plurality of adjustable process parameters such as scanning speed, electron beam current, focus deflection amount, line focus deflection, bottom plate temperature and the like. By adjusting the technological parameters, the melting degree of the powder can be controlled, the heat preservation temperature after solidification can be controlled, and the cooling speed of the part can be controlled. The forming temperature and the cooling mode are controlled, so that the structure composition, the phase composition and the phase content of the alloy are controlled.
For titanium alloys having electron concentration ratios e/a between 4.10 and 4.25, the constant modulus properties are mainly related to the presence of a large amount of the alpha phase, and by controlling the phase composition, i.e. mainly consisting of the beta phase and the alpha phase, and simultaneously controlling the phase content, the alloy is capable of having constant modulus properties over a range of temperatures.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the constant modulus titanium alloy prepared by the method has excellent performance, the room temperature elastic modulus measured by using a resonance method is 35-55 Gpa, the extremely low elastic modulus is realized, the elastic modulus is kept unchanged in a temperature range of minus 50-200 ℃, the tensile strength reaches 670-750 MPa, the mechanical property is excellent, and the method has wide application prospect.
2. The invention adopts electron beam additive manufacturing to prepare alloy, the additive manufacturing process is simple, compared with the constant modulus alloy manufactured by the traditional processing process, the invention can directly form complex parts at one time, and the manufacturing precision is high. Effectively solves the problem that the traditional manufacturing process needs further processing treatment.
3. The invention adopts electron beam material-increasing to prepare alloy, and can form alloy with different performances at one time according to actual requirements by utilizing the adjustability of the process, and can prepare alloy with constant modulus only in local area, which is not realized by the existing processing mode and has very wide application and research value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the profile of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy powder.
FIG. 2 is a graph of a constant modulus titanium alloy material prepared, wherein (a) is a graph of a sample of example 1, (b) is a graph of a sample of example 2, (c) is a graph of a sample of comparative example 1, and (d) is a graph of a sample of comparative example 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph of modulus versus temperature for a constant modulus titanium alloy, wherein (a) is the modulus temperature for example 1 and (b) is the modulus temperature for example 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph of modulus versus temperature for samples prepared in comparative example 2.
Fig. 5 is a metallographic structure diagram of a constant modulus titanium alloy material, wherein (a) is a structure diagram of example 1 and (b) is a structure diagram of example 2.
Detailed Description
A method for preparing a wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on an additive manufacturing technology comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: preparing electron beam powder with the particle size of 30-150 mu m;
according to the type of alloy to be printed, spherical alloy powder with specified components is prepared, and an air atomization process or a rotating electrode mode is selected to prepare the alloy powder. The particle size distribution of the metal powder is 30-150 mu m, the powder characteristics of the metal powder meet the particle size distribution, D10 is 48-52, D50 is 68-72, and D90 is 95-100. The apparent density is 2.4-3.0 g/cm 3 The tap density is 2.6-3.5 g/cm 3 The Hall fluidity is less than or equal to 30 (s/50 g), and the hollow powder rate is not more than 0.5 percent. The alloy powder satisfies an electron concentration ratio e/a of between 4.10 and 4.25.
Step 2: establishing a three-dimensional model of the printed metal part;
adopting Solidworks, creo, UG and other three-dimensional modeling software to establish a three-dimensional model of the metal part, and importing the designed three-dimensional model into Magics and other three-dimensional model processing software to perform graphic optimization and subsequent support design; and then the optimized three-dimensional model is led into a computer control system of the electron beam molten metal forming equipment, and the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is used for carrying out subsequent printing work.
Step 3: adjusting printing process parameters and a scanning strategy, and performing additive manufacturing by using electron beam equipment;
and selecting a bottom plate according to the size of the printing model, preheating the bottom plate to the printing temperature, setting the powder paving thickness of each layer in the printing process, and setting printing process parameters and a scanning strategy for printing.
The scanning strategy is a layer-by-layer deflection 90 DEG printing method, namely, molten pool lines between adjacent printing layers are mutually perpendicular. The temperature of the bottom plate ranges from 450 ℃ to 550 ℃, the thickness of each layer of powder is 50-70 mu m, preferably 70 mu m, the scanning speed is 1300-1500 mm/s, the electron beam current is 7-9 mA, the deflection amount is 10-15 mA, and the line deflection is 0.1-0.2 mm.
Example 1
In example 1, a powder for electron beam additive manufacturing was prepared using an aerosol process with an electron concentration ratio e/a of 4.15 using a Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (wt.%) alloy powder as a raw material, and the sphericity of the powder was as shown in fig. 1.
In the powder particle size distribution d10=48.2 μm, d50=71.7 μm, d90=109 μm. Bulk density of 2.964g/cm 3 Tap density of 3.33g/cm 3 Hall flowability 24 (s/50 g), particle size distribution test is carried out by using GB/T19077-2016 standard.
Designing a printing model by using SolidWorks software, and importing the designed three-dimensional model into Magics processing software to perform graphic optimization and subsequent support design so as to meet printing requirements; the three-dimensional model after the optimization process is then transduced into a computer control system of an electron beam molten metal forming apparatus, print prepared, and manufactured using an Arcam A1 type electron beam melting apparatus.
The printing process parameters and the scanning strategy are regulated, the scanning strategy is a layer-by-layer deflection 90-degree printing method, namely, molten pool lines between adjacent printing layers are mutually perpendicular, the process parameters are set to preheat to enable the temperature of a bottom plate to reach 450 ℃, the thickness of each layer of powder laying is 70 mu m, the scanning speed of an electron beam is set to be 1400mm/s, the current of the electron beam is 7mA, the focus offset (focus offset) is 10mA, the line focus offset is 0.15mm, and the energy density is 28.6J/mm 3 . And (3) vacuumizing, and adjusting the focus of the electron beam by using a nine-point focusing method after the vacuum degree is less than 9 xe < -3 > Pa, so that the electron beam can precisely act on the powder bed, and the precision of a printed sample is ensured. The prepared sample is shown in FIG. 2 (a).
The printed sample was processed into a sheet of 60×8×1mm using an archimedes drainage method to measure a density of 99.6%, and a dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzer (Q800) was used to obtain a curve of the modulus of the sample with temperature change. Liquid nitrogen is used to cool the equipment and thereby conduct the cryogenic region exploration. The temperature interval is set to be-100 ℃ to 300 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5 ℃/min, and the vibration frequency is 1Hz. At the same time, the tensile properties and the structure thereof were also observed and characterized.
In example 1, the modulus of the alloy prepared was controlled to be about 37GPa at a temperature of-50℃to 200℃and the modulus-temperature curve was shown in FIG. 3 (a). The alloy has wide Wen Yuheng elastic property and excellent mechanical property.
The microstructure was examined metallographically and the structure is shown in FIG. 5 (a).
Example 2
The alloy types and pre-preparations used were identical to example 1, except that:
the technological parameters are set to 450 deg.c, 1100mm/s electron beam scanning speed, 6mA electron beam current and 31.2J/mm energy density 3 . And (3) vacuumizing, and adjusting the focus of the electron beam by using a nine-point focusing method after the vacuum degree is less than 9 xe < -3 > Pa, so that the electron beam can precisely act on the powder bed, and the precision of a printed sample is ensured. The prepared sample is shown in FIG. 2 (b).
The printed sample was processed into a 45×6×1mm sheet with a density of 99.4% measured by archimedes' displacement method, and a dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzer (Q800) was used to obtain a curve of the modulus of the sample with temperature change. Liquid nitrogen is used to cool the equipment and thereby conduct the cryogenic region exploration. The temperature interval is set to be-100 ℃ to 300 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5 ℃/min, and the vibration frequency is 1Hz. At the same time, the tensile properties and the structure thereof were also observed and characterized.
In this example 2, the alloy prepared maintained a modulus at substantially 37GPa at a temperature of-50℃to 200℃and a modulus-temperature curve is shown in FIG. 3 (b). The alloy has wide Wen Yuheng elastic property and excellent mechanical property.
The microstructure was examined metallographically and the structure is shown in FIG. 5 (b).
Comparative example 1
The alloy types and pre-preparations were used in accordance with example 1, except that:
the technological parameters are that the temperature of the bottom plate is 700 ℃, the scanning speed of the electron beam is 500mm/s, the current of the electron beam is 7mA, and the energy density is 80.0J/mm 3 The amount of the offset focus is 10mA, and the linear offset focus is 0.15mm. And (3) vacuumizing, and adjusting the focus of the electron beam by using a nine-point focusing method after the vacuum degree is less than 9 xe < -3 > Pa, so that the electron beam can precisely act on the powder bed, and the precision of a printed sample is ensured.
The prepared sample has extremely poor precision, a high-precision sample cannot be effectively prepared, and the printing condition is shown in fig. 2 (c).
Comparative example 2
The alloy types and pre-preparations were used in accordance with example 1, except that:
the technological parameters are set to 450 deg.c, 300mm/s electron beam scanning speed, 5mA electron beam current and 95.2J/mm energy density 3 The amount of the offset focus is 10mA, and the linear offset focus is 0.15mm. And (3) vacuumizing, and adjusting the focus of the electron beam by using a nine-point focusing method after the vacuum degree is less than 9×e-3, so that the electron beam can precisely act on the powder bed, and the precision of the printed sample is ensured.
The prepared sample has extremely poor precision, a high-precision sample cannot be effectively prepared, and the printing condition is shown in fig. 2 (d).
The printed samples were processed into 45X 6X 1mm sheets and a dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzer (Q800) device was used to obtain a plot of the modulus of the samples as a function of temperature. Liquid nitrogen is used to cool the equipment and thereby conduct the cryogenic region exploration. The temperature interval is set to be-100 ℃ to 300 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5 ℃/min, and the vibration frequency is 1Hz. At the same time, the tensile properties and the structure thereof were also observed and characterized.
In comparative example 2, the elastic modulus of the alloy prepared in this temperature range was greatly changed, and the alloy did not have a constant modulus characteristic, and the curve is shown in fig. 4.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on an additive manufacturing technology is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: preparing electron beam powder with the particle size of 30-150 mu m;
preparing spherical alloy powder with specified components according to the type of the alloy to be printed, and preparing the alloy powder by selecting an air atomization process or a rotating electrode mode; the particle size distribution range of the powder is 30-150 mu m, the powder characteristics of the powder need to meet the particle size distribution, D10 is 48-52 mu m, D50 is 68-72 mu m, and D90 is 95-100 mu m; the apparent density is 2.4-3.0 g/cm 3 The tap density is 2.6-3.5 g/cm 3 The Hall fluidity is less than or equal to 30 (s/50 g), and the hollow powder rate is not more than 0.5%;
step 2: establishing a three-dimensional model of the printed metal part;
using three-dimensional modeling software to establish a three-dimensional model of the metal part, and importing the designed three-dimensional model into three-dimensional model processing software to perform graphic optimization and subsequent support design; then, the optimized three-dimensional model is led into a computer control system of an electron beam molten metal forming device, and the electron beam additive manufacturing device is used for carrying out subsequent printing work;
step 3: adjusting printing process parameters and a scanning strategy, and performing additive manufacturing by using electron beam equipment;
and selecting a bottom plate according to the size of the printing model, preheating the bottom plate to the printing temperature, setting the powder paving thickness of each layer in the printing process, and setting printing process parameters and a scanning strategy for printing.
2. A method for preparing a wide Wen Yuheng elastic low modulus titanium alloy based on additive manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step 1, the alloy powder is required to satisfy an electron concentration ratio e/a between 4.10 and 4.25.
3. The method for preparing the wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on the additive manufacturing technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the printing equipment is electron beam selective melting equipment.
4. A method for preparing a wide Wen Yuheng elastic low modulus titanium alloy based on additive manufacturing technology according to claim 1, wherein in said step 2, the three-dimensional modeling software used is selected from Solidworks, creo, UG.
5. The method for preparing a wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in said step 3, the input energy density E of the process parameters is 25 to 35J/mm 3 ，Wherein U is electron beam emission voltage, I is electron beam current, H is powder spreading thickness, L is line deflection focus, and V is scanning speed.
6. The method for preparing the wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on the additive manufacturing technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, a scanning strategy is a layer-by-layer deflection 90-degree printing method, the temperature range of a bottom plate is 450-550 ℃, the thickness of each layer of powder is 50-70 μm, the scanning speed is 1300-1500 mm/s, the current of an electron beam is 7-9 mA, the deflection amount is 10-15 mA, and the line deflection is 0.1-0.2 mm.
7. The method for preparing the wide Wen Yuheng elastic low-modulus titanium alloy based on the additive manufacturing technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the prepared constant-modulus titanium alloy has stable constant elastic modulus at the temperature of-50 ℃ to 200 ℃, the elastic modulus is 35 to 55GPa, the tensile strength of the alloy at room temperature is 670 to 750MPa, and the compactness is more than 99%.
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| CN117701975A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 北京科技大学 | Low-expansion refractory high-entropy alloy with room temperature plasticity and preparation and application thereof |
| CN117701975B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-05-17 | 北京科技大学 | Low-expansion refractory high-entropy alloy with room temperature plasticity and preparation and application thereof |
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