CN113210627A - Preparation method of carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite Download PDF

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CN113210627A
CN113210627A CN202110423531.1A CN202110423531A CN113210627A CN 113210627 A CN113210627 A CN 113210627A CN 202110423531 A CN202110423531 A CN 202110423531A CN 113210627 A CN113210627 A CN 113210627A
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tial
powder
carbide
composite material
electron beam
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林均品
高博洋
彭徽
梁永锋
罗呼学
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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Abstract

A preparation method of carbide reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material comprises the following steps: (1) selecting TiC ceramic particles with purity of more than 99.9% and particle size of 50-500nm and TiAl alloy powder with particle size of 45-150 μm as raw materials; (2) mixing the two materials by using a mechanical ball milling method to obtain pre-mixed powder with TiC nano particles uniformly distributed on the surface of TiAl alloy powder, wherein the weight of the TiC nano particles accounts for 0.7-1.2 wt% of the total weight of the mixed powder; (3) and (3) utilizing an electron beam melting technology to form and prepare the TiAl-based nano composite material layer by layer until the processing of the three-dimensional block sample is finished. And adding a semi-melting step in the electron beam melting forming process to finally obtain the nearly fully-compact carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material. The adjustable range of technological parameters in the forming process is large, the microstructure of the matrix is uniform, the reinforcing phase is fine and dispersed, and the mechanical property is good. The preparation method of the TiAl-based nano composite material has the characteristics and advantages of electron beam additive manufacturing, and has great application potential in the field of aerospace.

Description

Preparation method of carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of TiAl-based composite materials and additive manufacturing, and relates to a forming process of a carbide-reinforced TiAl-based composite material added with TiC ceramic nanoparticles based on an electron beam melting technology.
Background
The TiAl alloy has high specific elastic modulus, high specific strength, high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature creep resistance, and thus has wide application foreground in aerospace structure material. But the intrinsic brittleness and difficult processability limit its large-scale application. The nano-particle compounding is expected to improve the mechanical property of the TiAl alloy. Ti2The AlC phase has good toughness and can effectively hinder the crack from expanding. Compared with graphite and carbon nano tubes, the composite material prepared by adding TiC serving as a carbon source into TiAl alloy can obtain higher hardness and strength.
The existing TiAl-based composite material preparation methods comprise a casting method and a powder metallurgy method. However, because the ceramic particles and the metal matrix have different thermal expansion coefficients and wettability, the technology can cause the agglomeration of the nano particles and the adverse reaction of the nano particles and TiAl melt, cause gas inclusion and thermal stress, and cause the phenomena of holes, cracks, poor interface bonding and the like. In addition, the traditional technology has complex process and higher cost, and is difficult to prepare parts with complex shapes.
The Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology can prepare parts with complex structures by melting and forming solid parts through powder layer by layer, shortens the production period and has great application prospect in the field of aerospace. The EBM preparation technology has the characteristics of preheating, vacuum environment forming and high cooling rate, can effectively reduce the thermal stress and cracking condition, improves the distribution of particles and elements, and is particularly suitable for preparing TiAl alloy and nano composite materials. However, few studies on the EBM production of TiAl-based composites have been reported. The metal matrix composite material prepared by additive manufacturing mostly adopts mechanical ball milling to mix matrix powder and external particles in advance, and then is formed. For EBM technology, the addition of ceramic particles reduces the conductivity of the premixed powder and charge build-up during the manufacturing process causes severe "blow-off". This results in some of the powder not being fused, porous pores within the material, and a decrease in density. In severe cases, the manufacturing process is terminated and the power supply life is reduced. Therefore, the solution of the problems is of great significance for preparing carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nano composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel preparation method of a TiAl-based nano composite material. The method has stable preparation process and adjustable forming parameter window for preparing the TiAl-based composite material by the EBM. Can prepare the nearly fully-compact TiAl-based nano composite material with uniform microstructure and dispersed nano particles, and has good mechanical property.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology is adopted for the first time, and the EBM technology is combined with a semi-melting scanning strategy to obtain the required material by controlling the EBM technology;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting TiC ceramic particles with purity of more than 99.9% and particle size of 50-500nm and TiAl alloy powder with particle size of 45-150 μm as raw materials;
(2) mixing the two materials by using a mechanical ball milling method to obtain pre-mixed powder with TiC nano particles uniformly distributed on the surface of TiAl alloy powder, wherein the weight of the TiC nano particles accounts for 0.7-1.2 wt% of the total weight of the mixed powder;
(3) and (3) preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material by layer-by-layer forming by utilizing an electron beam melting technology. Constructing a three-dimensional solid geometric model in a computer and carrying out layered slicing; laying a forming substrate in the forming cavity, putting the premixed powder into a powder box of the EBM equipment, sealing the cavity and starting a vacuum system; establishing a processing task, and setting the powder spreading thickness to be 70 mu m; in the forming process, the powder spreading system firstly controls the painting to uniformly lay a layer of premixed powder on a forming substrate, and then adopts high-energy electron beams to preheat; scanning the premixed powder by a defocused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to partially melt (semi-melt) the premixed powder so as to realize powder consolidation to a certain degree; scanning the semi-solid powder by using a focused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to completely melt the semi-solid powder to form a single-layer section of a sample; then the forming substrate is descended by a layer thickness distance, and the steps are repeated after the powder is spread again; and preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material layer by layer until the three-dimensional block sample is processed.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the ball materials of the mechanical ball milling is 1:1, the rotating speed is 24r/min, and the ball milling time is 9-11 hours;
preferably, in the step (3), the EBM is prepared by adopting an accelerating voltage of 60kV, the forming is carried out in a vacuum environment controlled by high-purity Ar, and the vacuum degree is maintained to be 10-2mbar。
Preferably, in the step (3), the preheating process is two-step preheating, the scanning speed of the first step preheating is 16000mm/s, the current is 20-26mA, the scanning speed of the second step preheating is 18000mm/s, the current is 20-26mA, and the forming temperature is maintained at 1030-1080 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the scanning speed adopted in the semi-melting process is 2500-6000mm/s, the current is 6-8mA, the line spacing is 0.03mm, and the defocusing amount is 50 mA.
Preferably, in the step (3), the scanning speed of the complete melting process is 1500-13000mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.02-0.2mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA.
The time for the preheating, semi-melting, and full melting is determined by the scan speed and the size of the sample.
The invention designs a carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material based on an electron beam melting technology and a preparation method thereof, and no relevant report is found at present. Wherein, the powder is mixed by mechanical ball milling to obtain premixed powder with uniformly distributed nano ceramic particles. The semi-melting step is added in the electron beam melting preparation process, so that the stabilization of the preparation process is realized, the density of the composite material is improved, and the feasibility of preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material by the electron beam melting technology is proved. By changing the scanning parameters in the melting process, the design and processing conditions of the composite material are optimized, and the composite material with controllable tissue structure and excellent mechanical property is obtained. Meanwhile, the electron beam melting preparation has obvious advantages in the aspect of forming TiAl-based nano composite material structural parts with complex shapes
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the TiAl alloy powder is not damaged by mechanical ball milling of the mixed powder after the parameters are optimized, and the ceramic particles can be uniformly adhered to the surface of the TiAl powder, so that conditions are provided for uniform distribution of the nano particles in a melt.
2. According to the invention, a semi-melting step (partial melting of powder) is added in the electron beam melting forming process, so that on one hand, the powder is metallurgically bonded to a certain extent, the phenomenon of powder blowing caused by the decrease of the integral conductivity of the powder after the ceramic particles are adhered is effectively inhibited, and the preparation process is stabilized; on the other hand, the two times of melting increases the wettability between the melt and the nano particles, so that the two are fully contacted, the agglomeration is reduced, and the porosity is reduced. No significant holes or cracks were observed inside the material. In addition, the semi-melting technology adopted by the invention can expand the parameter regulation and control range of EBM forming, thereby optimizing the distribution uniformity of matrix tissues and reinforcing phases.
3. Electron beam melting/solidification is a non-equilibrium process, has high supercooling degree and cooling rate, and thermal circulation caused by layer-by-layer scanning is beneficial to uniform distribution of elements, so that a good matrix microstructure can be obtained; in addition, the existing time of the melt is short, the agglomeration, the growth or the adverse reaction of the nano particles can not be caused, and the stirring effect of the high-energy electron beam on the molten pool is beneficial to the dispersion of the nano particles.
4. The TiAl-based nano composite material prepared by the invention has good hardness and compression performance, and is expected to solve the problems of room temperature brittleness, difficult processing and high temperature strength improvement of TiAl alloy.
5. The invention provides a carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material and a preparation method thereof, which are formed by adopting an electron beam melting technology, can effectively solve the problems of preparation of difficult-to-process materials and formation of complex parts, shorten the preparation period and have great application potential in the field of aerospace.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a photograph of EBM samples of carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposites prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1.
FIG. 2 is an optical micrograph (a) of the carbide reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 1 and (b) of the carbide reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the microstructure of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 2.
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the morphology of the pre-mixed powder after mechanical ball milling prepared in example 4.
FIG. 5 is an optical micrograph of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 4.
FIG. 6 is an SEM photograph of the microstructure of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 4.
FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a carbide reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein high Nb-TiAl alloy is taken as a matrix, and TiC ceramic particles with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the average particle size of 200nm are taken as additional particles.
The high Nb-TiAl alloy is prepared from high Nb-TiAl alloy powder with the particle size of 45-150 mu m and D50 of 87 mu m by a plasma rotating electrode method, and comprises the following chemical components: 47.17 at.% Al, 7.41 at.% Nb,0.86 at.% Cr,1.90 at.% V, balance Ti.
The carbide reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) TiC ceramic particles and TiAl alloy powder are used as raw materials, and the added TiC content is 0.7 wt.%;
(2) mixing the two materials by using a mechanical ball milling method to obtain pre-mixed powder with TiC nano particles uniformly distributed on the surface of TiAl alloy powder;
(3) and (3) preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material by layer-by-layer forming by utilizing an electron beam melting technology. Constructing a three-dimensional solid geometric model in a computer and carrying out layered slicing; laying a forming substrate in the forming cavity, putting the premixed powder into a powder box of the EBM equipment, sealing the cavity and starting a vacuum system; establishing a processing task, and setting the powder spreading thickness to be 70 mu m; in the forming process, the powder spreading system firstly controls the painting to uniformly lay a layer of premixed powder on a forming substrate, and then adopts high-energy electron beams to preheat; scanning the premixed powder by a defocused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to partially melt (semi-melt) the premixed powder so as to realize powder consolidation to a certain degree; scanning the semi-solid powder by using a focused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to completely melt the semi-solid powder to form a single-layer section of a sample; then the forming substrate is descended by a layer thickness distance, and the steps are repeated after the powder is spread again; and preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material layer by layer until the three-dimensional block sample is processed.
ZrO is adopted for mechanical ball milling in the step (2)2Grinding balls, wherein the ball material mass ratio is 1:1, the rotating speed is 24r/min, and the ball milling time is 10 hours;
the EBM in the step (3) is prepared by adopting an accelerating voltage of 60kV, forming is carried out in a vacuum environment controlled by high-purity Ar, and the vacuum degree is maintained to be 10-2mbar。
The preheating process in the step (3) is two-step preheating, the scanning speed of the first step preheating is 16000mm/s, the current is 24mA, the scanning speed of the second step preheating is 18000mm/s, the current is 24mA, and the forming temperature is kept at 1060 ℃.
The scanning speed adopted in the semi-melting process in the step (3) is 2800mm/s, the current is 7mA, the line spacing is 0.03mm, and the defocusing amount is 50 mA.
In the step (3), the scanning speed in the melting process is 3000mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.05mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 1 is: in the step (3), the premixed powder is not scanned by defocused high-energy electron beams, and the rest is unchanged.
Fig. 1 shows photographs of EBM samples of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1, and it can be seen that the EBM samples prepared without scanning the premixed powder with a defocused high-energy electron beam have rough surfaces and are not fused seriously. The EBM sample prepared by scanning the premixed powder by a defocused high-energy electron beam has a smooth, flat and compact surface.
Fig. 2 shows an optical micrograph (a) of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 1 and an optical micrograph (b) of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in comparative example 1, and it can be seen that a large number of voids and unfused defects were present in the EBM sample prepared without scanning the premixed powder with the defocused high-energy electron beam, and the EBM sample prepared with scanning the premixed powder with the defocused high-energy electron beam was dense and almost defect-free in the interior.
Example 2:
the difference from example 1 is: the preheating process in the step (3) is two-step preheating, the scanning speed of the first step preheating is 16000mm/s, the current is 22mA, the scanning speed of the second step preheating is 18000mm/s, the current is 22mA, and the forming temperature is kept at 1030 ℃. The scanning speed adopted in the semi-melting process is 4000mm/s, the current is 7mA, the line spacing is 0.03mm, and the defocusing amount is 50 mA. The scanning speed in the melting process is 11000mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.02mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA. The others are unchanged.
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph showing the microstructure of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 2, and it can be seen that the TiAl alloy matrix prepared by EBM has a uniform microstructure and is a bimodal structure. The black particles are carbides and are dispersed and distributed on the substrate in a nanometer scale.
The microhardness of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 2 was determined to be 439HV0.2The tensile strength is 591MPa, the compressive yield strength is 1042MPa, the compressive strength is 2686MPa, and the compressive fracture strain is 25.8 percent.
Example 3:
the difference from example 2 is: in the step (3), the scanning speed in the melting process is 8000mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.05mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA. The others are unchanged.
The microhardness of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 3 was tested to be 440HV0.2The tensile strength is 568MPa, the compressive yield strength is 1160MPa, the compressive strength is 2795MPa, and the compressive fracture strain is 24.8%.
Example 4:
a carbide reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein high Nb-TiAl alloy is taken as a matrix, and TiC ceramic particles with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the average particle size of 200nm are taken as additional particles.
The high Nb-TiAl alloy is prepared from high Nb-TiAl alloy powder with the particle size of 45-150 mu m and D50 of 87 mu m by a plasma rotating electrode method, and comprises the following chemical components: 47.17 at.% Al, 7.41 at.% Nb,0.86 at.% Cr,1.90 at.% V, balance Ti.
The carbide reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) TiC ceramic particles and TiAl alloy powder are used as raw materials, and the added TiC content is 1.2 wt.%;
(2) mixing the two materials by using a mechanical ball milling method to obtain pre-mixed powder with TiC nano particles uniformly distributed on the surface of TiAl alloy powder;
(3) and (3) preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material by layer-by-layer forming by utilizing an electron beam melting technology. Constructing a three-dimensional solid geometric model in a computer and carrying out layered slicing; laying a forming substrate in the forming cavity, putting the premixed powder into a powder box of the EBM equipment, sealing the cavity and starting a vacuum system; establishing a processing task, and setting the powder spreading thickness to be 70 mu m; in the forming process, the powder spreading system firstly controls the painting to uniformly lay a layer of premixed powder on a forming substrate, and then adopts high-energy electron beams to preheat; scanning the premixed powder by a defocused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to partially melt (semi-melt) the premixed powder so as to realize powder consolidation to a certain degree; scanning the semi-solid powder by using a focused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to completely melt the semi-solid powder to form a single-layer section of a sample; then the forming substrate is descended by a layer thickness distance, and the steps are repeated after the powder is spread again; and preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material layer by layer until the three-dimensional block sample is processed.
(4) And (4) repeating the step (3), and preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material layer by layer until the three-dimensional block sample is processed.
ZrO is adopted for mechanical ball milling in the step (2)2Grinding balls, wherein the ball material mass ratio is 1:1, the rotating speed is 24r/min, and the ball milling time is 10 hours;
the EBM preparation in the step (3) adopts the accelerating voltage of 60kV, the forming is carried out in the vacuum environment controlled by high-purity Ar, and the vacuum degree is maintained to be 10-2mbar。
The preheating process in the step (3) is two-step preheating, the scanning speed of the first step preheating is 16000mm/s, the current is 20mA, the scanning speed of the second step preheating is 18000mm/s, the current is 22mA, and the forming temperature is kept at 1080 ℃.
The scanning speed adopted in the semi-melting process in the step (3) is 4000mm/s, the current is 8mA, the line spacing is 0.03mm, and the defocusing amount is 50 mA.
In the step (3), the scanning speed in the melting process is 2500mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.1mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA.
Fig. 4 is a morphology diagram of the pre-mixed powder prepared in example 4 after mechanical ball milling, which shows that the surface of the TiAl alloy powder is not damaged, the sphericity is good, and the TiC nanoparticles are uniformly adhered to the surface of the TiAl alloy powder.
Fig. 5 is an optical micrograph of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 4, and it can be seen that the TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared by the present invention has a dense interior, no unfused defect and crack are found, only a small amount of pores are present, and the density is 99.1% as measured by archimedes drainage.
FIG. 6 is a SEM photograph showing the microstructure of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 4; FIG. 7 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 4. The results in FIGS. 6 and 7 show that the microstructure of the TiAl alloy matrix prepared by EBM is uniform and has a bimodal structure. Conversion of added TiC nanoparticles to Ti2AlC phase dispersed on the substrate in nanometer scale.
The microhardness of the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite prepared in example 3 was determined to be 433HV0.2The tensile strength is 657MPa, the compressive yield strength is 1085MPa, the compressive strength is 2698MPa, and the compressive fracture strain is 26.1%.
Example 5:
the difference from example 4 is: in the step (3), the scanning speed in the melting process is 13000mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.02mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA. The others are unchanged.
The microhardness of the carbonized reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material prepared in the example 3 is 415HV0.2The tensile strength is 643MPa, the compressive yield strength is 916MPa, the compressive strength is 2740MPa, and the compressive fracture strain is 27.1%.
Example 6:
the difference from example 4 is: TiC ceramic particles with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the average particle size of 500nm are taken as additional particles. In the step (3), the scanning speed adopted in the semi-melting process is 2500mm/s, the current is 6mA, the line spacing is 0.03mm, and the defocusing amount is 50 mA. The scanning speed in the melting process is 1500mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.2mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA. The others are unchanged.
Example 7:
a carbide reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein high Nb-TiAl alloy is taken as a matrix, and TiC ceramic particles with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the average particle size of 50nm are taken as additional particles.
The high Nb-TiAl alloy is prepared from high Nb-TiAl alloy powder with the particle size of 45-150 mu m and D50 of 87 mu m by a plasma rotating electrode method, and comprises the following chemical components: 47.17 at.% Al, 7.41 at.% Nb,0.86 at.% Cr,1.90 at.% V, balance Ti.
The carbide reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) TiC ceramic particles and TiAl alloy powder are used as raw materials, and the added TiC content is 0.7 wt.%;
(2) mixing the two materials by using a mechanical ball milling method to obtain pre-mixed powder with TiC nano particles uniformly distributed on the surface of TiAl alloy powder;
(3) and (3) preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material by layer-by-layer forming by utilizing an electron beam melting technology. Constructing a three-dimensional solid geometric model in a computer and carrying out layered slicing; laying a forming substrate in the forming cavity, putting the premixed powder into a powder box of the EBM equipment, sealing the cavity and starting a vacuum system; establishing a processing task, and setting the powder spreading thickness to be 70 mu m; in the forming process, the powder spreading system firstly controls the painting to uniformly lay a layer of premixed powder on a forming substrate, and then adopts high-energy electron beams to preheat; scanning the premixed powder by a defocused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to partially melt (semi-melt) the premixed powder so as to realize powder consolidation to a certain degree; scanning the semi-solid powder by using a focused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to completely melt the semi-solid powder to form a single-layer section of a sample; then the forming substrate is descended by a layer thickness distance, and the steps are repeated after the powder is spread again; and preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material layer by layer until the three-dimensional block sample is processed.
(4) And (4) repeating the step (3), and preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material layer by layer until the three-dimensional block sample is processed.
ZrO is adopted for mechanical ball milling in the step (2)2Grinding balls, wherein the ball material mass ratio is 1:1, the rotating speed is 24r/min, and the ball milling time is 10 hours;
the EBM preparation in the step (3) adopts the accelerating voltage of 60kV, the forming is carried out in the vacuum environment controlled by high-purity Ar, and the vacuum degree is maintained to be 10-2mbar。
The preheating process in the step (3) is two-step preheating, the scanning speed of the first step preheating is 16000mm/s, the current is 20mA, the scanning speed of the second step preheating is 18000mm/s, the current is 20mA, and the forming temperature is kept at 1030 ℃.
In the step (3), the scanning speed adopted in the semi-melting process is 6000mm/s, the current is 8mA, the line spacing is 0.03mm, and the defocusing amount is 50 mA.
In the step (3), the scanning speed in the melting process is 9000mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.03mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of carbide reinforced TiAl-based nano composite material is characterized in that Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology is adopted for the first time, and is combined with a semi-melting scanning strategy, and the required material is obtained by controlling the EBM technology;
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting TiC ceramic particles with purity of more than 99.9% and particle size of 50-500nm and TiAl alloy powder with particle size of 45-150 μm as raw materials;
(2) mixing the two materials by using a mechanical ball milling method to obtain pre-mixed powder with TiC nano particles uniformly distributed on the surface of TiAl alloy powder, wherein the weight of the TiC nano particles accounts for 0.7-1.2 wt% of the total weight of the mixed powder;
(3) and (3) preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material by layer-by-layer forming by utilizing an electron beam melting technology. Constructing a three-dimensional solid geometric model in a computer and carrying out layered slicing; laying a forming substrate in the forming cavity, putting the premixed powder into a powder box of the EBM equipment, sealing the cavity and starting a vacuum system; establishing a processing task, and setting the powder spreading thickness to be 70 mu m; in the forming process, the powder spreading system firstly controls the painting to uniformly lay a layer of premixed powder on a forming substrate, and then adopts high-energy electron beams to preheat; scanning the premixed powder by a defocused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to partially melt the premixed powder so as to realize powder consolidation to a certain degree; scanning the semi-solid powder by using a focused high-energy electron beam according to a layered path of a computer model to completely melt the semi-solid powder to form a single-layer section of a sample; then the forming substrate is descended by a layer thickness distance, and the steps are repeated after the powder is spread again; and preparing the TiAl-based nano composite material layer by layer until the three-dimensional block sample is processed.
2. The method for preparing the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the ball and the material obtained by mechanical ball milling is 1:1, the rotating speed is 24r/min, and the ball milling time is 9-11 hours.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the EBM is applied at an accelerating voltage of 60kV, the forming is performed in a high-purity Ar-controlled vacuum environment, and the vacuum degree is maintained at 10%-2mbar。
4. The method for preparing carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the preheating process comprises two preheating steps, wherein the scanning speed of the first preheating step is 16000mm/s, the current is 20-26mA, the scanning speed of the second preheating step is 18000mm/s, the current is 20-26mA, and the forming temperature is maintained at 1030-1080 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the scanning speed adopted in the semi-melting process is 2500-.
6. The method for preparing the carbide-reinforced TiAl-based nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the scanning speed in the melting process is 1500-13000mm/s, the current is 10mA, the line spacing is 0.02-0.2mm, and the defocusing amount is 20 mA.
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