CN116618576A - Forging process and forging press for aluminum alloy wheel hub - Google Patents
Forging process and forging press for aluminum alloy wheel hub Download PDFInfo
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- CN116618576A CN116618576A CN202310059509.2A CN202310059509A CN116618576A CN 116618576 A CN116618576 A CN 116618576A CN 202310059509 A CN202310059509 A CN 202310059509A CN 116618576 A CN116618576 A CN 116618576A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/40—Making machine elements wheels; discs hubs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/10—Drives for forging presses
- B21J9/20—Control devices specially adapted to forging presses not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of wheel forging, in particular to a forging process and a forging press for an aluminum alloy wheel hub, wherein the aluminum alloy wheel is forged and pressed by the forging press, and the forging press comprises a hub die and a reserved guide device; the hub die is provided with a forming groove matched with the spoke; the process comprises the following steps of S1: sawing the pre-processed aluminum alloy blank to form a first blank; s2: heating and preserving heat of the first blank; s3: placing the first blank in a hub die of a forging press for forging and pressing, so that the first blank forms a disc-shaped second blank with spokes; s4: performing heat treatment on the second blank; s5: machining the second blank after heat treatment to form a third blank; s6: treating the surface of the third blank to obtain a hub finished product; according to the application, the spoke is directly forged and molded through the hub die, a machining center is not required to mill the spoke in the subsequent working procedure, and the spoke is directly machined through a lathe, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wheel forging, in particular to a forging process and a forging press for an aluminum alloy wheel hub.
Background
The wheel is one of important parts in an automobile driving system, and bears the weight of an automobile, and the quality of the wheel directly influences the service life of the wheel and the life safety of an occupant. In recent years, as the forged aluminum alloy wheel has the advantages of good appearance quality, high dimensional accuracy, light weight, good safety and environmental protection performance and the like, the forged aluminum alloy wheel is gradually replacing the traditional steel wheel and the aluminum alloy wheel produced by a casting method. Particularly in large automobiles.
Along with the continuous rising of the requirements of energy conservation and consumption reduction of automobiles, the requirements of safety and environmental protection regulations are becoming stricter, and the requirements of automobile light weight are becoming more urgent. The aluminum alloy has light weight, high strength, good formability and high recovery rate, has great significance for reducing dead weight of automobiles, saving tires, reducing oil consumption, reducing environmental pollution, improving operation performance and the like, and has become the first choice material of the automobile industry; forged aluminum alloy wheels are also favored. The known manufacturing process of the forged aluminum alloy wheel has the following two schemes: 1. a direct forging process; 2. casting-spinning process. In the process scheme 1, a rim of aluminum alloy is forged by a large-scale press. The process has the advantages of less process, less required pressure processing equipment, large tonnage of the required pressure processing equipment, low service life of the die, large allowance for subsequent processing and low material utilization rate; in the process scheme 2, a blank is prefabricated by a casting method, the spoke part of the blank is not subjected to pressure processing, a certain deformation amount is reserved on the rim part of the blank, and the rim part is spun by a spinning machine to form the rim. The process has the advantages of less technological process, less required pressure processing equipment and low production cost. The spoke part has the defects that the structure is a casting structure because the spoke part is not subjected to plastic deformation, and the blank needs to be heated before the rim part is subjected to spinning processing, so that the hot spinning process is relatively complex; and the traditional forged passenger car hub has the main defects of large material feeding weight, long working time through subsequent milling, high cost, low efficiency, incapability of reducing cost through mass production and limited productivity.
Based on the defects existing in the prior art, research on a forging process and a forging press for an aluminum alloy wheel hub is urgently needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides the forging process and the forging press for the aluminum alloy wheel hub, which directly forge and mold the spoke through the hub die, the spoke is not required to be milled by a machining center in the subsequent working procedures, and the finished product can be machined directly through lathe machining, so that the longest milling working procedure in the traditional process of forging a large cake is omitted, the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced; the application adopts a large-reduction forging technology to realize one-step molding, has compact internal structure and fine grains, and obviously improves the mechanical property compared with the traditional forging; the weight of the first blank is smaller than that of the blank in the prior art, so that the feeding amount is reduced, and the feeding cost is saved.
The application discloses a forging process of an aluminum alloy wheel hub, wherein an aluminum alloy wheel is forged and pressed by a forging press, the forging press comprises a hub die and a guide device for eliminating reservation of folding defects, and the reserved guide device is arranged at a die closing position of the hub die; wherein, the hub die is provided with a forming groove which is matched with the spoke of the aluminum alloy wheel; the method comprises the following steps:
s1: sawing the pre-processed aluminum alloy blank to form a first blank;
s2: heating and preserving heat of the first blank to ensure various properties of the product;
s3: placing the first blank in a hub die of the forging press for forging and pressing, so that the first blank forms a disc-shaped second blank with spokes; wherein the forging pressure is over 8000 tons;
s4: heat treating the second blank;
s5: machining the second blank after heat treatment to form a third blank;
s6: and processing the surface of the third blank to obtain a hub finished product.
Further, the aluminum alloy billet is a columnar structure, and the aluminum alloy billet is 6061 aluminum alloy.
Further, the forging and pressing the first blank in the hub die of the forging press to form a disc-shaped second blank with spokes further comprises:
preheating a hub die of a forging press, and preserving heat; wherein the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation is 0.2-0.4 hour.
Further, the placing the first blank in a hub die of the forging press for forging, so that the first blank forms a disc-shaped second blank with spokes comprises:
placing the first blank in the hub die;
the forging press performs non-uniform forging and pressing on the first blank, so that forging and pressing effects are guaranteed; the forging and pressing of the forging press is divided into a first stage and a second stage, wherein the forging press uses forging and pressing pressure of 8000-10000 tons to forge and press the first blank at a non-uniform speed in the first stage; the forging press rapidly reduces forging pressure in the second stage, and ensures that the first blank is molded in the cavity at a uniform speed; the first stage is a stage that the flow speed reaches the speed required by forming from zero during forging and pressing, and the second stage is a stage that the speed required by forming is maintained; the forging speed of the forging press in the first stage is a first speed, the forging speed of the forging press in the second stage is a second speed, and the first speed is larger than the second speed;
forming the first blank into a disc-shaped second blank with spokes.
Further, after the first blank is put into a hub die of the forging press to be forged, the first blank is formed into a disc-shaped second blank with spokes, and the method further comprises:
the forging press continuously pressurizes the second blank to prevent the second blank from deforming and ensure the consistency of products.
Further, the machining the second blank after the heat treatment to achieve the dimensional requirement includes:
cooling the second blank after heat treatment;
and placing the cooled second blank on a lathe for trimming and polishing to form a third blank.
Further, before the coating or electroplating treatment is performed on the surface of the third blank, the method further comprises:
and machining a bolt hole on the surface of the third blank.
Further, the heating and maintaining the first blank includes:
heating the first blank to a temperature between 380 ℃ and 550 ℃;
and preserving the heat of the heated first blank for 0.2-0.6 hour.
Further, when the first blank is placed in a hub die of the forging press for forging, the forging temperature is 440-480 ℃.
The forging process of the aluminum alloy wheel hub is applied to the forging press, the forging press comprises a hub die and a reserved material guiding device for eliminating reserved folding defects, the reserved material guiding device is arranged at the die closing position of the hub die, a forming groove matched with the aluminum alloy wheel spoke is formed in the hub die, and the forming groove is used for press forming of the spoke.
The embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the application, the spoke is directly forged and molded through the hub die, a subsequent process is not required to mill the spoke by a machining center, and finished product machining can be realized directly by lathe machining, so that the longest milling process in the traditional process of forging a large cake is omitted, the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced; the application adopts a large-reduction forging technology to realize one-step molding, has compact internal structure and fine grains, and obviously improves the mechanical property compared with the traditional forging; the weight of the first blank is smaller than that of the blank in the prior art, so that the feeding amount is reduced, and the feeding cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following description will make a brief introduction to the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort to those of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a forging process for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to the present embodiment;
fig. 2 is a diagram showing a forging process of the aluminum alloy wheel hub according to the present embodiment.
Wherein, the reference numerals in the figures correspond to:
1-a spoke; 2-bolt holes.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The prior art has the following disadvantages: the known manufacturing process of the forged aluminum alloy wheel has the following two schemes: 1. a direct forging process; 2. casting-spinning process. In the process scheme 1, a rim of aluminum alloy is forged by a large-scale press. The process has the advantages of less process, less required pressure processing equipment, large tonnage of the required pressure processing equipment, low service life of the die, large allowance for subsequent processing and low material utilization rate; in the process scheme 2, a blank is prefabricated by a casting method, the spoke part of the blank is not subjected to pressure processing, a certain deformation amount is reserved on the rim part of the blank, and the rim part is spun by a spinning machine to form the rim. The process has the advantages of less technological process, less required pressure processing equipment and low production cost. The spoke part has the defects that the structure is a casting structure because the spoke part is not subjected to plastic deformation, and the blank needs to be heated before the rim part is subjected to spinning processing, so that the hot spinning process is relatively complex; and the traditional forged passenger car hub has the main defects of large material feeding weight, long working time through subsequent milling, high cost, low efficiency, incapability of reducing cost through mass production and limited productivity.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the spoke is directly forged and molded through the hub die, the spoke is not required to be milled by a machining center in the subsequent working procedures, and finished product machining can be realized directly through lathe machining, so that the longest milling working procedure in the traditional large cake forging process is omitted, the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced; the application adopts a large-reduction forging technology to realize one-step molding, has compact internal structure and fine grains, and obviously improves the mechanical property compared with the traditional forging; the weight of the first blank is smaller than that of the blank in the prior art, so that the feeding amount is reduced, and the feeding cost is saved.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the embodiment provides a forging process of an aluminum alloy wheel hub, wherein an aluminum alloy wheel is forged and pressed by a forging press, the forging press comprises a hub die and a guiding device for eliminating reservation of folding defects, and the reserved guiding device is arranged at a die closing position of the hub die; wherein, the hub die is provided with a forming groove which is matched with the spoke 1 of the aluminum alloy wheel; the method comprises the following steps:
s1: sawing the pre-processed aluminum alloy blank to form a first blank;
s2: heating and preserving heat of the first blank to ensure various properties of the product;
s3: placing the first blank in a hub die of the forging press for forging and pressing, so that the first blank forms a disc-shaped second blank with spokes 1; wherein the forging pressure is over 8000 tons;
s4: heat treating the second blank;
s5: machining the second blank after heat treatment to form a third blank;
s6: and processing the surface of the third blank to obtain a hub finished product.
In particular, the forming groove of the hub die can press the first blank to form a second blank with the spoke 1, and in this embodiment, the specific structure of the hub die is manufactured according to the actually produced wheel structure, and the specific structure of the hub die is not limited herein.
Specifically, the surface of the third blank is treated as a painting or plating treatment.
It should be noted that: the traditional forged passenger car hub has the main defects of large material feeding weight, long working time through subsequent milling, high cost, low efficiency, incapability of reducing cost through mass production and limited productivity. In the embodiment, the spoke 1 is directly forged and formed through the hub die, the spoke 1 is not required to be milled by a machining center in the subsequent working procedures, and finished product machining can be realized directly through lathe machining, so that the longest milling working procedure in the traditional large cake forging process is omitted, the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced; the application adopts a large-reduction forging technology to realize one-step molding, has compact internal structure and fine grains, and obviously improves the mechanical property compared with the traditional forging; the weight of the first blank is smaller than that of the blank in the prior art, so that the feeding amount is reduced, and the feeding cost is saved.
Also to be described is: the forging and pressing process adopts more than 8000 tons to carry out one-time large-pressure forming, so that the grains of the original structure are fully crushed under the action of the large-pressure forming to form a processing structure of fine grains, thereby improving the mechanical property and the tissue elongation of the product and the overall strength and the shock resistance of the hub.
Specifically, the cast hub blank is formed by directly casting hub spokes, taking a 1880-specification hub as an example, the cast hub blank is 19.5 kg, the cast finished product blank is 12.7 kg, the machining yield is 65%, the machining efficiency is high, and the total time for machining one hub is about 10 minutes. In the prior art, because of the specificity of the forging process, the spokes cannot be directly forged and formed, the spokes are forged into a plane pancake and then engraved into the hub through a machining center, and the machining center takes 3 hours to machine the hub at the fastest speed, and the working time of casting the hub is far exceeded. Also taking 1880 wheel hubs as an example, the weight of a forged large cake blank is about 34 kg, the finished product is 8.5 kg, the yield is 25%, the machining working time is about 3.5 hours, and the large blank feeding amount and the machining working time are the main reasons for the high cost of the forged wheel hubs of passenger cars, so the wheel spokes 1 are directly forged and molded through the wheel hub die, the wheel spokes 1 do not need to be milled in the subsequent working procedure, the finished product can be directly machined through lathe, the longest milling working procedure in the traditional large cake forging working time is omitted, the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Also to be described is: at present, 3 times of preforming and final forging are mainly performed in the market, and the forging process in the embodiment adopts a non-preformed cake-shaped material and performs one-time forging in a hub die structure to form spokes. The forging technology with large rolling reduction is adopted to realize one-step molding, the internal structure is compact, the crystal grains are fine, and the mechanical property is improved by 10 percent compared with the traditional forging. The weight of the forged blank is reduced, the forged blank 1880 in the prior art is about 34 kg, and the first blank formed by the forging process in the embodiment is 20 kg and is reduced by 14 kg compared with the blank in the prior art; therefore, the feeding amount is reduced, and the feeding cost is saved.
What should be further stated is: in the forging process for forging the car aluminum hub in the prior art, the spoke cannot be directly forged and formed, the hub is usually carved into the hub through a machining center after a blank is forged into a plane pancake, and the machining center takes 3 hours to machine one hub at the highest speed and is far beyond the working time of casting the hub. Taking 1880 hubs as an example, the weight of a forged large cake blank is about 34 kg, the finished product is 8.5 kg, the yield is 25%, the machining working time is about 3.5 hours, and the large blank feeding amount and the machining working time are the main reasons for high cost of the forged passenger car hubs; in the embodiment, the spoke milling process of a machining center is omitted by adopting the integrated forming technology of the forged spoke 1, the machining cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the time for producing a hub in the machining process is controlled within 10 minutes, the requirement of mass production is met, and the requirement of mass supply of a host factory and a post-market can be met.
In this example, a comparison of a forged aluminum alloy hub and a cast aluminum alloy hub is made to illustrate the advantages of a forged aluminum alloy hub: the forged aluminum alloy has high density, fine grains and fibrous structure, and the hardness, tensile strength, yield strength and other mechanical properties and strength are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the defects of loose, air hole and poor impact property of the cast aluminum alloy are avoided. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the forged aluminum alloy wheels of the same specification are about 30% higher than those of the cast rims, and the weight can be made about 20% lighter than the latter. In addition, the forged aluminum wheel has less silicon content and higher density than the cast aluminum wheel rim. Thus, forged aluminum wheels are better in both electrical and thermal conductivity than cast aluminum wheels. Therefore, the forged aluminum rim can be subjected to surface perfect coloring treatment by anodic oxidation; the heat conductivity is good, and the loss of a tire burst and a brake system can be reduced. However, al-Si-Mg-based alloys are used for the production of these aluminum wheels. Mechanical properties, in particular impact properties, are not comparable to those of wrought aluminium alloy wheels.
In this example, a comparison of a forged aluminum alloy hub and an iron hub is made to illustrate the advantages of a forged aluminum alloy hub:
first, the forged aluminum alloy hub and the iron hub with the same volume take 22.5X8.25 as an example, the weight of the forged aluminum alloy hub is 24kg, the iron ring is at least 48 kg, and the weight of the obviously forged aluminum alloy hub is small, so that the feeding amount is reduced, and the feeding cost is saved.
Secondly, after the forged aluminum alloy hub is installed, the weight of the whole automobile is reduced, the rotation inertia of wheels is reduced, the acceleration performance of the automobile is improved, and the requirement of braking energy is correspondingly reduced, so that the oil consumption is reduced, and the specific air flow and rolling resistance of the forged aluminum ring are also reduced, so that the test saving rate of hundred kilometers is at least 2 liters of oil per hundred kilometers (the test of changing the forged aluminum ring and using the air conditioner is lower than the test of changing the forged aluminum ring and not opening the air conditioner, and the oil consumption of the former is 2.5 liters lower than the oil consumption of the latter).
Thirdly, because the balance value of the forging ring is 0, the forging ring is not easy to deform, and the suspension system is protected better due to quick heat dissipation (the normal running temperature is 20-30 degrees lower than that of the iron ring), so that the abrasion of the tire is greatly reduced, each tire runs for 5-8 ten thousand kilometers more, and the abrasion of the tire is reduced by about 26%.
Fourth, because the characteristic of forging the aluminum alloy wheel dispels the temperature fast, the normal driving temperature is low, so have excellent protective effect to materials and fittings that the braking system is not high-temperature resistant, thus has greatly reduced the maintenance cost of the braking system.
Fifth, the bearing energy of the forged ring is 5 times that of a common iron ring, the forged wheel deforms 5 cm after bearing 71200 kg, the iron ring deforms 5 cm after bearing 13600 kg, in other words, the strength of the forged rim is 5 times that of the forged rim exceeding the steel ring, and the bearing capacity of the forged aluminum alloy wheel is high.
Sixth, the light weight brings better benefits, take 40 tons of semitrailers of a certain fleet of vehicles running tin-free to Xiamen freight lines as an example, the vehicle has 22 wheels, and after adopting an aluminum alloy rim, the weight of the whole vehicle is reduced by more than 528 kg. The mileage from tin-free to mansion is about 1200 km calculated according to the transportation cost of 0.5 yuan per ton of highway, the transportation income of the vehicle can be increased by 316 yuan per day, the annual income is increased by 94800 yuan per year calculated by 300 days. The one-time investment of the aluminum rim is reduced, and the practical increase benefit in the current year is more than 61800 yuan.
Seventh, the recovery value of the aluminum rim is high, and the recovery value of 1 24kg aluminum alloy rim reaches 250 yuan.
Eighth, carbon emissions can be reduced: (1) reducing carbon dioxide discharge in the production and manufacturing process: the carbon emission amount for producing 1 ton of steel is 1700kg; and the carbon emission for producing 1 ton of aluminum was 1500kg. The carbon emission of the material for producing 1 23kg aluminum rim can be reduced by 87.4kg compared with 46kg iron rim calculated by the carbon emission in the production process. (2) oil consumption reduction and carbon emission reduction: calculated as 1000 km per day, 1000 km/day×2.5 liters (reduced fuel consumption per 100 km) ×300 days×0.785kg (carbon emission per liter of fuel) =reduced carbon emission per year 5887kg.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy billet is a columnar structure, and the aluminum alloy billet is 6061 aluminum alloy.
In some possible embodiments, the aluminum alloy billet may also be selected from aluminum alloy a356.20.
Preferably, the forging and pressing the first blank in the hub die of the forging press to form the first blank into a disc-shaped second blank with spokes 1 further comprises:
preheating a hub die of a forging press, and preserving heat; wherein the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation is 0.2-0.4 hour.
Specifically, the hub mold was heated to 250 ℃ and incubated for 0.3 hours.
Preferably, the placing the first blank in a hub die of the forging press for forging, so that the first blank forms a disc-shaped second blank with spokes 1 includes:
placing the first blank in the hub die;
the forging press performs non-uniform forging and pressing on the first blank, so that forging and pressing effects are guaranteed; the forging and pressing of the forging press is divided into a first stage and a second stage, wherein the forging press uses forging and pressing pressure of 8000-10000 tons to forge and press the first blank at a non-uniform speed in the first stage; the forging press rapidly reduces forging pressure in the second stage, and ensures that the first blank is molded in the cavity at a uniform speed; the first stage is a stage that the flow speed reaches the speed required by forming from zero during forging and pressing, and the second stage is a stage that the speed required by forming is maintained; the forging speed of the forging press in the first stage is a first speed, the forging speed of the forging press in the second stage is a second speed, and the first speed is larger than the second speed;
the first blank is formed into a disc-shaped second blank with spokes 1.
In the embodiment, the traditional press is used for pressing at a constant speed, and the blank has a fast flow rate at the early stage and the later stage in the pressing process and is easy to generate defects; in the embodiment, non-uniform pressing is adopted in the forging and pressing process, namely non-uniform pressing is adopted, the early stage is fast and the later stage is slow, the flow velocity of metal in the cavity is balanced as a whole, and the blank is ensured to move in the cavity at a uniform speed. Wherein the first stage is defined as a pre-pressing stage, and the second stage is defined as a post-pressing stage; the flow speed of the first blank during pressing is rapidly increased through high-pressure pressing in the early pressing stage, so that the speed required by forming is rapidly reached; the second stage reaches the shaping speed along with the speed, reduces the suppression pressure rapidly for first blank flows at the die cavity at the uniform velocity when pressing, reaches the material at the uniform velocity flow shaping in the die cavity, has solved the folding of material that produces because of the material velocity of flow difference in the traditional forging and pressing process, defects such as cross flow, thereby make the product can the shaping of various different designs and colors wheel types.
Preferably, the placing the first blank in a hub die of the forging press for forging, so that the first blank forms a disc-shaped second blank with spokes 1 further comprises:
the forging press continuously pressurizes the second blank to prevent the second blank from deforming and ensure the consistency of products.
In some possible embodiments, the pressing of the second blank by the forging press is continued to prevent the second blank from rebounding, affecting the consistency of the product.
Preferably, the machining the second blank after the heat treatment to achieve the dimensional requirement includes:
cooling the second blank after heat treatment;
and placing the cooled second blank on a lathe for trimming and polishing to form a third blank.
Preferably, before the surface of the third blank is coated or electroplated, the method further comprises:
and machining a bolt hole 2 on the surface of the third blank.
Preferably, said heating and maintaining said first blank comprises:
heating the first blank to a temperature between 380 ℃ and 550 ℃;
and preserving the heat of the heated first blank for 0.2-0.6 hour.
In some possible embodiments, the first blank may be heated to 400 ℃ and incubated for 0.3h.
The first blank is heated to 380-550 ℃ or is insulated at 380-550 ℃, so that the second phase in the first blank is dissolved and uniformly dispersed around the internal tissues, the components of the tissues at each position are uniform, and the internal casting stress of the first blank can be eliminated in the reheating/insulating process, so that the subsequent molding is smoother, and the uniformity of the performances at each position is ensured.
Preferably, when the first blank is placed in a hub die of the forging press for forging, the forging temperature is 440-480 ℃.
In some possible embodiments, the forging temperature is 460 ℃.
Preferably, the coating or electroplating treatment is performed on the surface of the third blank, and after obtaining the hub finished product, the method further comprises:
and (3) carrying out wheel dimension inspection, form and position tolerance inspection and heat treatment hardness inspection on the hub finished product, and storing qualified wheels in a warehouse.
In some possible embodiments, the forging process of the aluminum alloy wheel hub comprises the following steps:
s1: sawing the pre-processed aluminum alloy blank to form a first blank;
s2: heating and preserving heat of the first blank to ensure various properties of the product;
s3: preheating a hub die of a forging press, and preserving heat; wherein the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.2-0.4 hour;
s4: placing the first blank in a hub die of the forging press for forging and pressing, so that the first blank forms a disc-shaped second blank with spokes 1;
s5: continuously pressurizing the second blank to prevent the second blank from deforming and ensure the consistency of products;
s5: heat treating the second blank;
s6: machining the second blank after heat treatment to form a third blank;
s7: machining a bolt hole 2 on the surface of the third blank;
s8: and (3) coating or electroplating the surface of the third blank to obtain a hub finished product.
S9: and (3) carrying out wheel dimension inspection, form and position tolerance inspection and heat treatment hardness inspection on the hub finished product, and storing qualified wheels in a warehouse.
In particular, among the above possible embodiments, there are the following advantages: 1. the spoke 1 is directly forged and molded through the hub die, a machining center is not required to mill the spoke 1 in the subsequent working procedures, and finished product machining can be realized through lathe machining directly, so that the longest milling working procedure in the traditional large cake forging process is omitted, the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced; 2. the weight of the first blank is smaller than the blank weight in the prior art, so that the feeding amount is reduced, and the feeding cost is saved; 3. continuously pressurizing the second blank to avoid deformation of the second blank and further avoid reduction of the yield; 4. by detecting the hub finished product, the warehousing yield is improved, and bad influence caused by unqualified products flowing into the market is avoided.
The forging process of the aluminum alloy wheel hub is applied to the forging press, the forging press comprises a hub die and a reserved material guiding device for eliminating reserved folding defects, the reserved material guiding device is arranged at the die closing position of the hub die, a forming groove matched with the aluminum alloy wheel spoke is formed in the hub die, and the forming groove is used for press forming of the spoke.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, the application is not limited to the embodiments described herein, but encompasses various changes and modifications that may be made without departing from the scope of the application.
In this document, terms such as front, rear, upper, lower, etc. are defined with respect to the positions of the components in the drawings and with respect to each other, for clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of such orientation terms should not limit the scope of the claimed application.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments described herein can be combined with each other without conflict.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it is needless to say that the scope of the application is not limited thereto, and therefore, the equivalent changes according to the claims of the present application still fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The forging process of the aluminum alloy wheel hub comprises the steps that an aluminum alloy wheel is forged and pressed by a forging press, wherein the forging press comprises a hub die and a reserved guide device for eliminating folding defects, and the reserved guide device is arranged at the die closing position of the hub die; wherein, the hub die is provided with a forming groove which is matched with the spoke of the aluminum alloy wheel; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: sawing the pre-processed aluminum alloy blank to form a first blank;
s2: heating and preserving heat of the first blank to ensure various properties of the product;
s3: placing the first blank in a hub die of the forging press for forging and pressing, so that the first blank forms a disc-shaped second blank with spokes; wherein the forging pressure is over 8000 tons;
s4: heat treating the second blank;
s5: machining the second blank after heat treatment to form a third blank;
s6: and processing the surface of the third blank to obtain a hub finished product.
2. A forging process for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy billet is a columnar structure, and the aluminum alloy billet is 6061 aluminum alloy.
3. A process for forging an aluminum alloy wheel hub as set forth in claim 1, wherein said placing said first blank into a hub die of said forging press for forging further comprises, prior to forming said first blank into a second blank having a disc shape with spokes:
preheating a hub die of a forging press, and preserving heat; wherein the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation is 0.2-0.4 hour.
4. A process for forging an aluminum alloy wheel hub as set forth in claim 3, wherein said placing said first blank into a hub die of said forging press for forging, said forming said first blank into a second blank having a disc shape with spokes comprises:
placing the first blank in the hub die;
the forging press performs non-uniform forging and pressing on the first blank, so that forging and pressing effects are guaranteed; the forging and pressing of the forging press is divided into a first stage and a second stage, wherein the forging press uses forging and pressing pressure of 8000-10000 tons to forge and press the first blank at a non-uniform speed in the first stage; the forging press rapidly reduces forging pressure in the second stage, and ensures that the first blank is molded in the cavity at a uniform speed; the first stage is a stage that the flow speed reaches the speed required by forming from zero during forging and pressing, and the second stage is a stage that the speed required by forming is maintained; the forging speed of the forging press in the first stage is a first speed, the forging speed of the forging press in the second stage is a second speed, and the first speed is larger than the second speed;
forming the first blank into a disc-shaped second blank with spokes.
5. The forging process for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to claim 4, wherein said placing said first blank in a hub die of said forging press for forging, said forming said first blank into a second blank having a disc shape with spokes further comprises:
the forging press continuously pressurizes the second blank to prevent the second blank from deforming and ensure the consistency of products.
6. The forging process for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to claim 5, wherein the machining of the heat-treated second blank to the dimensional requirement comprises:
cooling the second blank after heat treatment;
and placing the cooled second blank on a lathe for trimming and polishing to form a third blank.
7. The forging process for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to claim 6, further comprising, before the surface of the third blank is subjected to the painting or plating process:
and machining a bolt hole on the surface of the third blank.
8. A forging process for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to claim 1, wherein said heating and maintaining said first blank comprises:
heating the first blank to a temperature between 380 ℃ and 550 ℃;
and preserving the heat of the heated first blank for 0.2-0.6 hour.
9. A process for forging an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to claim 1, wherein the forging temperature is 440 ℃ to 480 ℃ when the first blank is put into a hub die of the forging press for forging.
10. A forging press, wherein the forging process of the aluminum alloy wheel hub according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is applied to the forging press, the forging press comprises a hub die and a reserved material guiding device for eliminating reserved folding defects, the reserved material guiding device is arranged at a die clamping position of the hub die, a forming groove matched with the aluminum alloy wheel spoke is arranged on the hub die, and the forming groove is used for press forming of the spoke.
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| CN202210099596 | 2022-01-27 |
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