CN114107744A - Thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
The thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.5% of Si, 0.1-2.0% of Mg, 0.1-1.0% of Fe, 0.05-0.5% of Mn, 0.02-0.2% of Cu, 0.01-0.08% of Ti, 0.001-0.008% of B, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%. The preparation method adopts semi-solid treatment combined with a twin-roll thin strip continuous casting process, and compared with the existing 6XXX aluminum alloy, the prepared 6XXX aluminum alloy strip has the advantages that the strength is higher than 20%, and the formability is higher than 30%; compared with the steel plate for the automobile, the light weight of more than 40 percent is easily realized. The aluminum alloy plate strip produced by the invention is a second-generation ABS aluminum alloy product, is widely applied to the field of automobiles, can be particularly used for automobile engine covering parts, can also be used for parts such as fenders, doors, roofs, trunk lids and the like, and provides a wide space for the automobile industry on light weight, energy consumption reduction and fuel economy improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy preparation, in particular to a thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The thin strip continuous casting technology is a leading technology in the metallurgy field at present, and the idea was originally proposed by Henry Bessemer in 1865 (US Patent: 49053). The continuous casting of the thin strip integrates the procedures of continuous casting, rolling, even heat treatment and the like, so that the produced thin strip blank can be formed into an industrial finished product at one time through subsequent rolling, the production procedure of the aluminum alloy strip is greatly simplified, the production period is shortened, and the production process of the aluminum alloy strip is more compact, more continuous, more efficient and more environment-friendly; meanwhile, the production cost is obviously reduced, and the quality and the performance of the produced thin strip product are not inferior to or even superior to those of the traditional process.
The weight reduction of automobiles has become a major concern of countries in the world, and in recent years, technologies and innovations for realizing the weight reduction of automobiles are continuously emerging. The light weight is to reduce the net quality of the whole automobile as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the strength and the safety performance of the automobile, so as to improve the dynamic performance of the automobile and reduce the energy consumption of the automobile in the running process, thereby achieving the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction. The net quality of the whole automobile is reduced by 10%, and the fuel efficiency can be improved by 6-8%; when the whole vehicle mass is reduced by 100kg, the fuel consumption per hundred kilometers can be reduced by 0.3-0.6L. Nowadays, energy conservation and emission reduction are global tasks, and automobiles are indispensable necessities in modern life, so that the light weight of the automobiles becomes the development trend of the automobiles in the world.
At present, the average energy consumption of Chinese automobiles is about 7.5L/100km, and has a certain gap with developed countries, and the national planning aims to reach 4.5L/km in 2020, is equal to the European standard and exceeds the standard set by the United states. To achieve this, it is necessary to accelerate the weight reduction of the automobile. The european automobile manufacturing industry is advancing "ultra light automobile engineering", and the united states has made a striding progress in automobile aluminization, aiming to reduce the mass of the automobile by 30% on the basis of the existing price.
Aluminum was the first material to be used as a substitute for steel, and the average amount of aluminum used for U.S. passenger cars was 28.6kg in 1960, and increased to 109kg in 1999, and reached about 160kg in 2015, and was estimated to be more than 285kg in 2025, and the body frame and cover of Audi A8 produced by Audi car company in 1994 were all made of extruded aluminum and sheet materials of the U.S. aluminum company, which was the pioneer of all aluminum passenger cars. The current data show that replacing steel with aluminum in automobile manufacturing can reduce the automobile quality by 30-40%, and if using the second generation aluminum alloy, the weight reduction effect is more excellent. Aluminum is second only to the use of steel and cast iron in automobile manufacture, while in all aluminum passenger cars the amount of aluminum rises to the second place. In addition, the new energy automobile is a new branch market for automobile industry development, and the new energy automobile is different from the traditional automobile in that the battery is adopted as power to drive the automobile to run, and the new energy automobile is limited by the weight of the power battery and the endurance mileage of the power battery, so that the requirement of light weight of an automobile body is more urgent in the aspects of vehicle design and material application. In the aspects of application technology, operation safety, cyclic recycling and the like, the aluminum alloy material with mature technology has great advantages and becomes the first choice of new energy vehicles and enterprises.
At present, automobile body sheets (ABS for short) are divided into two types, namely an inner plate and an outer plate. ABS has high requirements for the performance of an outer plate, is difficult to produce, and must have good formability, strong surface smoothness, good weldability and excellent baking hardening property.
The ABS aluminum alloy can be divided into two generations according to the performance and the production process of the ABS aluminum alloy, the first generation is generally the conventional wrought aluminum alloy produced by an ingot casting-hot rolling method, the final aluminum alloy plate and strip product is obtained by subsequent cold rolling and heat treatment, the production period is longer, about 20 days are generally needed, 27 enterprises and workshops which are built globally at present are totally built, and the aluminum alloy plate and strip product belongs to the first generation.
The second generation ABS is generally considered to be a deformed aluminum alloy plate which is prepared by a short-flow new process and has obviously improved performance. Typical short-flow new processes include a Hatzerland (Hazelett) continuous casting and rolling process, a twin-roll thin-strip continuous casting and rolling process and the like. However, the traditional horizontal twin-roll thin strip continuous casting and rolling process can only produce aluminum foil rolled strips and simpler 1XXX and 3XXX series alloy plate strip products, and cannot produce high-end 6XXX series aluminum alloy covering plate strip products for automobiles. And the traditional horizontal twin-roll casting machine has a slow speed which is usually only 1-3m/min, and the production efficiency is low.
In recent years, many famous manufacturers of twin-roll casting machines for aluminum alloy plate and strip have made many developments in increasing the casting speed and increasing the width of the plate and are aimed at improving the production efficiency and wider application fields. The more well-known companies include FataHunter, Italy and Puji, France, Speedcaster developed by FataHunterTMThe ultrathin high-speed casting and rolling machine is characterized in that: the double rollers are driven by double drives, the inclination is 15 degrees, the diameter of the casting roller is 1118mm, the plate width reaches 2184mm, the rolling force is 3000t, the maximum casting speed can reach 38m/min, and the thickness can reach 0.635mm at the thinnest. The Junbo3CM casting and rolling machine developed by Puji corporation is characterized in that: the rolling force is 2900t, the plate width reaches 2020mm, the cast-rolling thickness is 1mm at the thinnest, and the maximum cast-rolling speed is 15 m/min. However, these devices still cannot produce high-end 6XXX series aluminum alloy cladding plate and strip products for automobiles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip and a preparation method thereof, the produced 6XXX aluminum alloy strip can realize the combined improvement of strength, elongation and formability, and compared with the existing 6XXX aluminum alloy, the strength is higher by more than 20 percent, and the formability is higher by more than 30 percent; compared with the steel plate for the automobile, the weight is reduced by more than 40%; the composite material can be applied to the field of automobile application, particularly can be used for automobile engine covering parts, can also be used for parts such as fenders, doors, roofs, trunk lids and the like, and provides a wide space for the automobile industry on light weight, energy consumption reduction and fuel economy improvement; in addition, the aluminum alloy plate strip can be smoothly formed by using a mold which is universal with a steel plate, can be more easily deformed into a complex shape, and does not need to additionally design a mold.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.5-1.5%, Mg: 0.1-2.0%, Fe: 0.1 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.05 to 0.5%, Cu: 0.02 to 0.2%, Ti: 0.01-0.08%, B: 0.001-0.008% and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The aluminum alloy plate strip can realize the yield strength of 140-220MPa, the tensile strength of 220-300MPa, the elongation of 26-35 percent and the forming limit test (test under the specification of the thickness of 1.0 mm) FLD under the natural aging condition, namely T4 or T420In the range of 24-33%.
The aluminum alloy plate strip can realize yield strength of 160-0In the range of 22-30%.
After the aluminum alloy plate strip is painted, the yield strength is 240-280MPa, the tensile strength is 320-360MPa, and the elongation is 21-28%.
In the composition design of the 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip, the following steps are carried out:
si: the silicon-based alloy is a main component for improving the flow property of the aluminum alloy, can greatly improve the casting property of the aluminum alloy, and can improve the tensile strength, the hardness and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy by adding a certain content of Si; however, addition of high Si content causes Si-containing hard particles in the aluminum alloy, which increases alloy brittleness and deteriorates machinability. Therefore, the Si content is controlled in the range of 0.5 to 1.5% in the present invention.
Mg: can improve the strength, hardness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and cutting performance of the aluminum alloy, but the addition of more Mg easily causes hot brittleness, cracks are generated in the alloy, and the formed Mg2Si can embrittle the alloy. Therefore, the Mg content is controlled in the range of 0.1 to 2.0% in the present invention.
Fe: FeAl is formed in the aluminum alloy3、Fe2The Al or Al-Si-Fe has a plate-like or needle-like structure which reduces mechanical properties and also causes the alloy to have a reduced fluidity and an increased tendency to be thermally cracked, and therefore, the Fe content is controlled in the range of 0.1 to 1.0% in the present invention.
Mn: the harmful effect of Fe can be reduced in the aluminum alloy, the sheet-shaped or needle-shaped structure formed by Fe in the aluminum alloy can be changed into a fine crystal structure, Mn can organize the recrystallization process of the aluminum alloy, the recrystallization temperature is increased, and recrystallized grains can be obviously refined; too high Mn causes segregation and also lowers the thermal conductivity. Therefore, the Mn content is controlled in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% in the present invention.
Cu: cu is dissolved in the aluminum alloy in a solid solution manner, so that the strength, the hardness, the heat resistance and the cutting performance can be improved, and the casting flow performance can be improved; however, too high a Cu content affects the corrosion resistance and plasticity of the aluminum alloy and increases the tendency to hot cracking. Therefore, the Cu content is controlled in the range of 0.02 to 0.2% in the present invention.
Ti: the grain structure can be obviously refined by adding a trace amount of Ti into the aluminum alloy, the mechanical property of the alloy is effectively improved, and the hot cracking tendency of the alloy is reduced; however, the addition of too much Ti not only increases the alloy cost, but also affects the conductivity. Therefore, the Ti content is controlled in the range of 0.01 to 0.08% in the present invention.
B: b is added into the aluminum alloy through the aluminum boron intermediate alloy, a small amount of the aluminum boron intermediate alloy is added into the alloy solution, then a large amount of high-melting-point particles can be generated, the aluminum boron intermediate alloy can be used as an external crystal nucleus to refine the grain structure when the alloy is solidified, and the effect of improving the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy can be achieved. In addition, the conductivity and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy can be increased. Therefore, the content of B is controlled in the range of 0.001 to 0.008% in the present invention.
According to the invention, Ti is selectively added into the 6XXX aluminum alloy, so that the grain structure can be obviously refined, the mechanical property of the alloy is effectively improved, and the hot cracking tendency of the alloy is reduced.
According to the invention, Cu element is selectively added into the 6XXX aluminum alloy, so that Cu is dissolved into the aluminum alloy in a solid solution manner, the strength, hardness, heat resistance and cutting performance of the aluminum alloy plate strip are improved, and the casting fluidity can be improved; in addition, the CuAl precipitated by aging2Has obvious aging strengthening effect.
The B element of the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is introduced into the aluminum alloy, a small amount of the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added into the alloy solution, so that a large amount of high-melting-point particles can be generated, the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy can be used as an external crystal nucleus to refine the grain structure when the alloy is solidified, and the strength, the plasticity, the conductivity and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy plate strip can be improved.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip, which comprises the following steps:
1) smelting
Smelting according to the component requirements;
2) semi-solid treatment
Introducing the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a standing furnace for standing, then conveying the aluminum alloy liquid to a front box through a runner, degassing, filtering, then flowing into a tundish for semi-solid treatment, and stirring to obtain semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry, wherein the semi-solid treatment temperature is 600-650 ℃; wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy introduced into the standing furnace is 660-760 ℃;
3) continuous casting
The continuous casting adopts double-roller thin strip continuous casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast strip with the thickness of 1.5-10mm and the width of 1000-2200 mm; the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 480-580 ℃, the diameter of the crystallization roller is 400-1200mm, water is introduced into the crystallization roller for cooling, and the casting speed of the casting machine is 30-120 m/min;
4) cooling down
The aluminum alloy casting strip is cooled to 410-510 ℃ through water quenching after coming out of the casting machine;
5) first hot rolling
Sending the cooled aluminum alloy cast strip to a rolling mill after pinch roll and crop end treatment for primary hot rolling; the first hot rolling temperature is 380-480 ℃, and the first hot rolling reduction rate is less than or equal to 50%;
6) cooling and second hot rolling
Air cooling or water cooling is carried out on the aluminum alloy cast strip after the first hot rolling, and then the second hot rolling is carried out;
the second hot rolling temperature is 280-420 ℃, and the second hot rolling reduction rate is less than or equal to 60%; the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate strip after the second hot rolling is 0.3-4mm, preferably 0.5-3 mm;
7) coiling
Conveying the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the second hot rolling to a coiling machine through a pinch roll for coiling, wherein the coiling temperature is 200-370 ℃;
8) post-treatment
And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching in sequence after the aluminum alloy plate strip is coiled.
Further, the aging and baking finish procedures are sequentially carried out after the quenching in the step 8).
Preferably, the aging is artificial aging or natural aging plus artificial aging, wherein the artificial aging temperature is 90-200 ℃, the time is 25-120min, and the natural aging time is 25-35 days.
Preferably, the baking varnish temperature is 150-220 ℃, and the baking varnish time is 20-50 min.
And performing additional artificial aging after the paint baking, wherein the temperature of the additional artificial aging is 90-200 ℃, and the time is 25-120 min.
Preferably, in the step 8), the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 500-560 ℃, and the time is 8-50 min.
Preferably, in the step 8), the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate strip after quenching is between room temperature and 120 ℃.
Preferably, before the post-treatment step of step 8), one or more of off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, edge cutting, flattening, surface inspection and plate shape inspection can be performed on the aluminum alloy plate strip.
Preferably, in the step 2), the stirring method for the semi-solid treatment includes a mechanical stirring method, a blowing stirring method, a powder spraying stirring method or an electromagnetic stirring method.
Preferably, in the step 3), a vertical casting machine, a horizontal casting machine or an inclined casting machine is used for the continuous casting.
Preferably, in step 3), the crystallization roller is a copper roller, and the surface of the crystallization roller is provided with texture, grooves or embossing.
Preferably, the surface of the crystallization roller is subjected to chromium electroplating treatment, and the thickness of the chromium plating layer is 0.05-0.10 mm.
The aluminum alloy liquid after smelting is subjected to semi-solid treatment, and good fluidity of the semi-solid aluminum alloy liquid after semi-solid treatment is guaranteed.
The semi-solid forming technology is a high-efficiency and high-quality forming method which is started in recent years, and the semi-solid forming technology is a processing process which is realized in a semi-solid temperature range in the process of converting a metal material from a solid state to a liquid state or from a liquid state to a solid state. The semi-solid technology integrates the advantages of liquid casting and forming and solid pressure processing, and the semi-solid processing technology can greatly improve the mechanical property of the material.
The semi-solid processing and forming process has two main process routes:
one is to directly form the semi-solid slurry while maintaining its semi-solid temperature, commonly referred to as Rheoforming (Rheoforming);
the other is to prepare the semi-solid slurry into a blank, blanking the blank according to the size of the product, and then reheating the blank to the semi-solid temperature for forming, which is generally called Thixoforming (Thixoforming).
For thixoforming, the semi-solid blank is easy to convey and form and easy to realize automation, so that the semi-solid blank is widely applied in the industry earlier. The semi-solid forming method belongs to rheoforming, directly forms the stirred semi-solid slurry, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, energy conservation and short flow.
The aluminum alloy cast strip after water quenching and cooling enters a four-roll mill for first hot rolling after being cut by a pinch roll, the hot rolling temperature range is 380-480 ℃, and the reduction rate is less than or equal to 50%. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the pinch roll has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
Although the method of the present invention is described in the above embodiment as having two stand rolling steps to achieve the target thickness, one skilled in the art would be expected to contemplate other embodiments, such as using any suitable number of hot rolling and subsequent cold rolling stands to perform the rolling steps to achieve the appropriate product target thickness.
The post-treatment in the step 8) comprises the working procedures of solution heat treatment, quenching, aging, varnish baking and the like.
After coiling, the aluminum alloy plate strip can be subjected to solution heat treatment and quenching, wherein the solution heat treatment temperature is as follows: 500-560 ℃, duration: 8-50 min; the temperature range of the aluminum alloy plate strip after quenching is between room temperature and 120 ℃.
After the solution heat treatment and quenching, artificial aging treatment can be carried out, wherein the artificial aging temperature is as follows: and (2) at 90-200 ℃, duration: 25-120 min. The condition of the aluminum alloy product after solution treatment and artificial aging is referred to as the T6 condition, which means that the final product has been solution heat treated, quenched and artificially aged.
The preparation method can select other processes before the post-treatment in the step 8), including off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, trimming, leveling, surface inspection, plate shape inspection and the like, and then can perform solid solution heat treatment and quenching after reaching the final specification.
According to the requirement, after the solution heat treatment and the quenching, the aluminum alloy plate strip can be subjected to natural aging, the natural aging standing time is generally 25-35 days, and the state after the solution heat treatment and the natural aging to be basically stable is called as a T4 state or a T42 state. After natural aging, the coiled aluminum alloy product is shipped to a customer for use.
After natural aging, artificial aging can be carried out on the aluminum alloy plate strip according to requirements to generate precipitation hardening, and the temperature of the artificial aging is as follows: 90-200 ℃, duration: and 25-120 min. In this case, the artificial aging is generally performed after the aluminum alloy sheet and strip are formed into an automobile part, and then the baking finish (bake hardening) may be performed, wherein the baking finish temperature range: 150 ℃ and 220 ℃, time: 20-50 min. According to the needs, the extra artificial aging after the paint baking can be completed, and the extra artificial aging temperature is as follows: 90-200 ℃, time: and 25-120 min.
The twin roll casting machine for continuous casting according to the present invention may be in the form of a vertical type, a horizontal type or an inclined type. The crystallizing roller for twin-roll strip casting is copper roller, and the surface of the crystallizing roller is processed into grains, grooves or embossing, etc. to raise the heat conducting efficiency of the interface and thus raise the strip casting speed. After the surface appearance of the crystallization roller is processed, the chromium electroplating treatment is needed, the thickness of the chromium coating is controlled to be 0.05-0.10mm, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the crystallization roller can be greatly improved through the chromium electroplating treatment, and the service life of the crystallization roller is prolonged.
The aluminum alloy plate strip is coiled in a double-coiling mode, and also can be coiled in a Carrozier coiling mode, so that the continuous production of the aluminum alloy plate strip is ensured. The coiling machine reel has an automatic centering function so as to ensure good coil shape when the aluminum alloy plate strip is coiled and ensure smooth production.
The invention is distinguished and improved from the prior art:
the existing thin strip continuous casting production aluminum alloy products do not adopt Ti and B added improved aluminum alloy components, and 6XXX aluminum alloy strips are prepared by using a semi-solid treatment and a double-roller thin strip continuous casting process, which is not directly reported.
Chinese patent CN106164308A discloses "an aluminum alloy product and a method for preparing the same", the aluminum alloy has at least 0.8 wt% of Mn, at least 0.6 wt% of Fe, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip contains small particles with equivalent diameter <3 μm, the volume fraction is at least 0.2%, the composition of the product does not relate to elements such as Ti, B, etc., and the product does not relate to a twin-roll strip casting process.
Chinese patent CN103119184B discloses "an improved 6XXX aluminum alloy and method of producing the same" that can be produced by preparing an aluminum alloy body for post-solutionizing cold work, cold working by at least 25%, and subsequent heat treatment, and that can achieve improved strength and performance, without regard to elements such as Ti, B, etc., in the composition of the product, or to measures such as semi-solid treatment of the melt.
Chinese patent CN104284745A discloses "an improved 6XXX aluminum alloy and a method for preparing the same", wherein the aluminum alloy body has a "sandwich" structure with two outer regions plus an inner region, and the inner region contains particles with a concentration greater than that of the outer region, and the product composition of the patent does not relate to B element, or to measures such as semi-solid treatment of the melt.
Chinese patent CN200810098094 discloses a "continuous casting process of an aluminum alloy thin strip blank", and proposes that 5052 aluminum alloy can be produced by adopting a vertical twin-roll thin strip continuous casting process, and the invention does not relate to measures such as melt semi-solid treatment and the like, and also does not relate to 6XXX aluminum alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, Ti is selectively added into the 6XXX aluminum alloy, so that the grain structure can be obviously refined, the mechanical property of the alloy is effectively improved, and the hot cracking tendency of the alloy is reduced. The invention selectively adds Cu element in 6XXX aluminum alloy to lead the aluminum to beCu is dissolved in the alloy in a solid solution manner, so that the strength, hardness, heat resistance and cutting performance of the aluminum alloy plate strip are improved, and the casting fluidity can be improved; in addition, the CuAl precipitated by aging2Has obvious aging strengthening effect.
2. According to the invention, the B element is introduced into the aluminum alloy through the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy, a small amount of the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added into the alloy solution, so that a large amount of high-melting-point particles can be generated, the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy can be used as an external crystal nucleus to refine the crystal grain structure when the alloy is solidified, and the effects of improving the strength, the plasticity, the conductivity and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy plate strip can be achieved. Meanwhile, the content of the B element can be further improved to 0.008 percent due to the combination of a double-roller thin strip continuous casting sub-rapid solidification process.
3. The method adopts a mode of continuously preparing the semi-solid slurry, feeds the semi-solid slurry into a double-roller thin-strip continuous casting roll gap, and can continuously and stably produce the aluminum alloy plate strip. The solid phase fraction in the semi-solid slurry can be adjusted by controlling the temperature of the semi-solid slurry, and the speed of twin-roll thin strip continuous casting can be obviously improved, so that the production efficiency is improved. When the semi-solid metal is continuously cast by the double-roller thin strip, almost uniform spherical fine crystal structures can be directly obtained, and the mechanical property of the material can be obviously improved after the continuous casting of the double-roller thin strip.
4. Compared with the traditional aluminum alloy production process, the invention has the following advantages:
a) short flow, investment saving, low cost and low energy consumption: the double-roll thin strip casting and rolling equipment can replace the traditional casting machine, heating furnace and hot rolling mill, and the equipment cost is greatly reduced; the occupied area is only 1/4 of the traditional flow (casting and hot rolling workshop), and the energy consumption is only 50 percent of that of the traditional flow;
b) the production efficiency is high, the processing time of the semi-finished product is greatly shortened, and 5 procedures are omitted: 1) sawing the head and the tail of the ingot; 2) homogenizing annealing (which is a long-time process and takes up to 50 hours); 3) milling a surface; 4) heating before hot rolling; 5) hot rolling), from aluminum alloy liquid to hot rolled coil, from 20 days required by the traditional flow, to 20 minutes;
c) the yield is greatly improved: greatly reducing the consumption of head cutting, tail removing and face milling, and improving the yield by more than 20 percent;
d) the production line has a high degree of flexibility: the continuous casting machine of the production line can replace the alloy at any time without stopping the machine, thereby realizing seamless transition among automobiles, industry, household appliances and products in the packaging market.
5. Compared with the product produced by the traditional aluminum alloy production process, the invention has the advantages of obvious structure performance:
a) the density is high, and macrosegregation is almost not generated: the produced aluminum alloy plate strip has fine isometric crystal microstructure characteristics with rapid solidification characteristics, has high density, and avoids the cracking problem in the subsequent rolling process; almost no macrosegregation and almost no anisotropy exist, and the mechanical property is greatly improved after heat treatment;
b) the surface quality is good: compared with the traditional double-roller casting (the casting speed is only 1-3m/min), the casting speed can be greatly improved to 30-120m/min, the problem of uneven cooling of the upper surface and the lower surface of the traditional horizontal double-roller casting can be avoided, the surface quality is greatly improved, and the harsh requirements of the automobile industry can be met;
c) excellent performance, obvious light weight advantage: the produced 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip has the advantages that the formability is higher than that of the existing 6XXX aluminum alloy by more than 30%, and the strength is higher than 20%; compared with the steel plate for the automobile, the light weight of more than 40 percent is easily realized. The performance of the aluminum alloy plate strip is close to that of a steel plate, particularly, the aluminum alloy plate strip has high formability, is not easy to crack during forming, can be smoothly formed by a die which is universal with the steel plate during punch forming, can be more easily deformed into a complex shape, and does not need to additionally design the die.
6. The traditional double-roller cast-rolling aluminum alloy production usually adopts steel rollers, and the cooling and heat transfer efficiency is low, so that the drawing speed is only 1-3m/min, and the production efficiency is low.
The crystallization roller used for the twin-roller thin strip continuous casting adopts the copper roller, the surface of the crystallization roller is processed into shapes such as textures, grooves or embossing, and the like, so that the interface heat conduction efficiency can be greatly improved, the thin strip continuous casting speed can be improved, meanwhile, the width of 2200mm at the maximum can be realized, the width can be really wide, and the width range required by an automobile engine covering part can be completely covered. After the surface appearance of the crystallization roller is processed, chromium electroplating treatment is carried out, so that the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the crystallization roller can be greatly improved, and the service life of the crystallization roller is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a process of vertical twin roll strip casting according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the process of the second embodiment of the present invention (horizontal twin roll strip casting).
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications or improvements based on the basic idea of the invention, but within the scope of the present invention, without departing from the basic idea of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the first embodiment of the present invention, a vertical casting machine is used to prepare a high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip.
The smelted aluminum alloy liquid which is designed according to the chemical composition of the invention is led into a standing furnace 3 from a smelting furnace 1 through a launder 2 for standing. The aluminum alloy liquid is conveyed from the standing furnace 3 to the front box 4 through the launder 2, flows into the tundish 7 after degassing 5 and filtering 6, and is subjected to semi-solid treatment in the tundish 7.
After semi-solid treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid directly enters a molten pool 11 enclosed by two relatively rotating crystallization rollers 10a and 10b and side sealing plate devices 12a and 12b from the bottom of a tundish 7 through a submerged nozzle 8 and a flow distribution device 9. The aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry is solidified on the circumferential surfaces where the crystallization rolls 10a, 10b rotate, and then an aluminum alloy cast strip 15 with a thickness of 1.5-10mm and a width of 1000-2200mm is formed at the minimum gap (nip point) between the two crystallization rolls 10a, 10 b. The diameter of the crystallization rollers 10a and 10b is 400-1200mm, and water is introduced for cooling. The casting speed of the casting machine ranges from 30 to 120m/min depending on the thickness of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15.
The aluminum alloy casting strip 15 comes out of the twin-roll thin strip caster, the temperature of the aluminum alloy casting strip is 480-580 ℃,directly enters a closed chamber 14, inert gas is introduced into the closed chamber 14 to protect the aluminum alloy casting belt 15, so that the aluminum alloy casting belt 15 is protected against oxidation, and the atmosphere of the protection against oxidation can be N2Ar, or other non-oxidizing gas, such as CO obtained by sublimation of dry ice2Gas, etc., the oxygen concentration in the closed chamber 14 is controlled to be<5 percent, and the closed chamber 14 protects the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 from oxidation to the inlet of the No. 1 pinch roll 17. An aluminum alloy cast strip 15 passes through a conveying roller way 20 on a swing guide plate 13, is cooled by a water quenching cooling device 16, enters a No. 1 pinch roller 17, is subjected to head cutting by a flying shear 18, enters a four-roller No. 1 hot rolling mill 19 for hot rolling, the flying shear 18 guides the cut strip head into a waste hopper 26 through a guide plate 25, and the flying shear 18 also has the function of on-line cutting between coils, so that the continuous production can be ensured. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the 1# pinch roll 17 has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
After the aluminum alloy cast strip is hot-rolled by a No. 1 hot rolling mill 19, an aluminum alloy plate strip running on a conveying roller way 20 enters an air cooling/water cooling device 21 for cooling, then the aluminum alloy plate strip enters a four-roll No. 2 hot rolling mill 22 for hot rolling again, an aluminum alloy plate strip with the thickness of 0.3-4mm is formed after the hot rolling, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate strip enters a No. 2 pinch roll 23 and then directly enters a coiling machine 24 for coiling.
The coiling machine 24 adopts a double-coiling mode and can also adopt a carrousel coiling mode to ensure the continuous production of the aluminum alloy plate strip. The coiling machine 24 has an automatic centering function, so that good coil shape of the aluminum alloy plate strip is ensured during coiling, and smooth production is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2, in the second embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal casting machine is used to prepare high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip.
The smelted aluminum alloy liquid which is designed according to the chemical composition of the invention is led into a standing furnace 3 from a smelting furnace 1 through a launder 2 for standing. The aluminum alloy liquid is conveyed from the standing furnace 3 to the front box 4 through the launder 2, flows into the tundish 7 after degassing 5 and filtering 6, and is subjected to semi-solid treatment in the tundish 7.
After semi-solid treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid directly enters a molten pool 11 enclosed by two relatively rotating crystallization rollers 10a and 10b and side sealing plate devices 12a and 12b from the bottom of a tundish 7 through a submerged nozzle 8 and a flow distribution device 9. The aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry is solidified on the circumferential surfaces where the crystallization rolls 10a, 10b rotate, and then an aluminum alloy cast strip 15 with a thickness of 1.5-10mm and a width of 1000-2200mm is formed at the minimum gap (nip point) between the two crystallization rolls 10a, 10 b. The diameter of the crystallization rollers 10a and 10b is 400-1200mm, and water is introduced for cooling. The casting speed of the casting machine ranges from 30 to 120m/min depending on the thickness of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15.
The aluminum alloy cast strip 15 comes out of the twin-roll strip caster, the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 480-580 ℃, the aluminum alloy cast strip directly enters the closed chamber 14, the inert gas is introduced into the closed chamber 14 to protect the aluminum alloy cast strip 15, the anti-oxidation protection of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 is realized, and the atmosphere of the anti-oxidation protection can be N2Ar, or other non-oxidizing gas, such as CO obtained by sublimation of dry ice2Gas, etc., the oxygen concentration in the closed chamber 14 is controlled to be<5 percent, and the closed chamber 14 protects the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 from oxidation to the inlet of the No. 1 pinch roll 17. The aluminum alloy cast strip 15 directly comes out of the upper roller channel 20 of the crystallizing rollers 10a and 10b, is cooled by the water quenching cooling device 16, enters the 1# pinch roller 17, is cut by the flying shear 18, and then enters the four-roller 1# hot rolling mill 19 for hot rolling, the flying shear 18 guides the cut strip head into the waste hopper 26 through the guide plate 25, and the flying shear 18 also has the function of on-line cutting between coils, so that the continuous production can be ensured. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the 1# pinch roll 17 has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
After the aluminum alloy cast strip is hot-rolled by a No. 1 hot rolling mill 19, an aluminum alloy plate strip running on a conveying roller way 20 enters an air cooling/water cooling device 21 for cooling, then the aluminum alloy plate strip enters a four-roll No. 2 hot rolling mill 22 for hot rolling again, an aluminum alloy plate strip with the thickness of 0.3-4mm is formed after the hot rolling, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate strip enters a No. 2 pinch roll 23 and then directly enters a coiling machine 24 for coiling.
The coiling machine 24 adopts a double-coiling mode and can also adopt a carrousel coiling mode to ensure the continuous production of the aluminum alloy plate strip. The coiling machine 24 has an automatic centering function, so that good coil shape of the aluminum alloy plate strip is ensured during coiling, and smooth production is ensured.
After coiling, the aluminum alloy strip may be subjected to a series of post-treatment processes, such as solution heat treatment, quenching, natural/artificial aging, paint baking, and the like. Other processes including off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, trimming, leveling, surface inspection, plate shape inspection and the like can be performed before the post-treatment, and then a series of post-treatment processes can be performed after the final specification is reached.
The chemical components of the aluminum alloy plate strip in the embodiment of the invention are shown in table 1, and the balance of the components is Al and other unavoidable impurities. The preparation method of the embodiment of the invention has the process parameters shown in the table 2, the post-treatment process parameters shown in the table 3, and the properties of the finally obtained aluminum alloy plate strip shown in the table 4.
In summary, the aluminum alloy strip manufactured according to the design range and the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy composition provided by the invention can realize the yield strength of 140-0In the range of 24-33%.
The aluminum alloy plate strip can realize yield strength of 160-0In the range of 22-30%.
After the aluminum alloy plate strip is painted, the yield strength is increased by 240-280MPa, the tensile strength is increased by 320-360MPa, and the elongation is 21-28%. Compared with the existing 6XXX aluminum alloy, the formability is improved by more than 30 percent, and the strength is improved by more than 20 percent; compared with the steel plate for the automobile, the light weight of more than 40 percent is easily realized.
The performance of the aluminum alloy plate strip is close to that of a steel plate, particularly, the aluminum alloy plate strip has high formability, is not easy to crack during forming, can be formed smoothly by a die which is universal with the steel plate during punch forming, can be deformed into a complex shape more easily, and does not need to additionally design the die.
The second generation ABS aluminum alloy plate strip produced by the invention can be widely applied to the field of automobile application, particularly can be used for automobile engine covering parts, and can also be used for parts such as fenders, doors, roofs, trunk lids and the like, thereby providing a wide space for the automobile industry in light weight, energy consumption reduction and fuel economy improvement.
Table 1 units: mass percent
| Serial number | Si | Mg | Fe | Mn | Cu | Ti | B |
| Example 1 | 0.85 | 1.35 | 0.68 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.002 |
| Example 2 | 0.68 | 0.90 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.001 |
| Example 3 | 0.50 | 1.28 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.004 |
| Example 4 | 0.75 | 2.00 | 0.10 | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.008 |
| Example 5 | 1.25 | 0.65 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.007 |
| Example 6 | 1.42 | 0.57 | 0.82 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.008 |
| Example 7 | 1.19 | 0.85 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.005 |
| Example 8 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.78 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.006 |
| Example 9 | 1.39 | 0.84 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.003 |
| Example 10 | 0.64 | 0.40 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.004 |
| Example 11 | 0.70 | 0.65 | 0.41 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.005 |
| Example 12 | 0.98 | 0.10 | 0.55 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.003 |
| Example 13 | 1.44 | 0.37 | 0.91 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.006 |
| Example 14 | 1.35 | 1.40 | 0.17 | 0.43 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.005 |
Claims (14)
1. The thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.5-1.5%, Mg: 0.1-2.0%, Fe: 0.1 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.05 to 0.5%, Cu: 0.02 to 0.2%, Ti: 0.01-0.08%, B: 0.001-0.008% and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
2. The thin strip cast high performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy strip has yield strength of 140-0In the range of 24-33%;
the above-mentionedThe aluminum alloy plate strip can realize yield strength of 160-240MPa, tensile strength of 240-330MPa, elongation of 25-33% and forming limit test (test under the specification of thickness of 1.0 mm) FLD under the condition of artificial aging, namely T60In the range of 22-30%;
after the aluminum alloy plate strip is subjected to paint baking, the yield strength is 240-280MPa, the tensile strength is 320-360MPa, and the elongation is 21-28%.
3. The method of producing strip cast high performance 6XXX aluminum alloy sheet strip as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
1) smelting
Smelting according to the composition requirements of claim 1;
2) semi-solid treatment
Introducing the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a standing furnace for standing, then conveying the aluminum alloy liquid to a front box through a runner, degassing, filtering, then flowing into a tundish for semi-solid treatment, and stirring to obtain semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry, wherein the semi-solid treatment temperature is 600-650 ℃; wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy introduced into the standing furnace is 660-760 ℃;
3) continuous casting
The continuous casting adopts double-roller thin strip continuous casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast strip with the thickness of 1.5-10mm and the width of 1000-2200 mm; the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 480-580 ℃, the diameter of the crystallization roller is 400-1200mm, water is introduced into the crystallization roller for cooling, and the casting speed of the casting machine is 30-120 m/min;
4) cooling down
The aluminum alloy casting strip is cooled to 410-510 ℃ through water quenching after coming out of the casting machine;
5) first hot rolling
Sending the cooled aluminum alloy cast strip to a rolling mill after pinch roll and crop treatment, and carrying out first hot rolling, wherein the temperature of the first hot rolling is 380-480 ℃, and the reduction rate of the first hot rolling is less than or equal to 50%;
6) cooling and second hot rolling
Air cooling or water cooling is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the first hot rolling, then the second hot rolling is carried out, the temperature of the second hot rolling is 280-420 ℃, and the reduction rate of the second hot rolling is less than or equal to 60%; the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate strip after the second hot rolling is 0.3-4mm, preferably 0.5-3 mm;
7) coiling
Conveying the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the second hot rolling to a coiling machine through a pinch roll for coiling, wherein the coiling temperature is 200-370 ℃;
8) post-treatment
And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching in sequence after the aluminum alloy plate strip is coiled.
4. The method of manufacturing a thin strip cast high performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip as claimed in claim 3, wherein the quenching of step 8) is followed by aging and baking steps.
5. The method for preparing the thin strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip according to claim 4, wherein the aging is artificial aging or natural aging + artificial aging, wherein the artificial aging temperature is 90-200 ℃ and the time is 25-120 min; the natural aging time is 25-35 days.
6. The method for manufacturing the thin-strip continuous casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip according to claim 4, wherein the baking finish temperature is 150-220 ℃ and the baking finish time is 20-50 min.
7. The method for preparing the thin-strip continuous-casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip as claimed in claim 4 or 6, wherein the additional artificial aging is performed after the paint baking, and the temperature of the additional artificial aging is 90-200 ℃ and the time is 25-120 min.
8. The method for manufacturing the thin-strip continuous-casting high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip according to claim 3, wherein the solution heat treatment temperature in step 8) is 500-560 ℃ and the time is 8-50 min.
9. The method of producing thin strip cast high performance 6XXX aluminum alloy sheet strip of claim 3, wherein in step 8), the aluminum alloy sheet strip after quenching is at a temperature of from room temperature to 120 ℃.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein one or more of the steps of off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, edge cutting, flattening, surface inspection, and strip shape inspection may be performed on the aluminum alloy strip prior to the post-treatment step of step 8).
11. The method for manufacturing the thin strip continuous casting high performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip according to claim 3, wherein the semi-solid state treatment stirring method in step 2) comprises a mechanical stirring method, a gas blowing stirring method, a powder spraying stirring method or an electromagnetic stirring method.
12. The method of manufacturing thin strip cast high performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 3), the continuous casting is performed using a vertical caster, a horizontal caster or an inclined caster.
13. The method of producing thin strip cast high performance 6XXX aluminum alloy sheet strip as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 3), the crystallization roll is a copper roll, and the surface of the crystallization roll is textured, grooved or embossed.
14. The method for producing a thin strip-cast high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy sheet strip as claimed in claim 3 or 13, wherein the surface of the crystallization roll is subjected to electro-chromic treatment, and the thickness of the electro-chromic layer is 0.05-0.10 mm.
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