CN116616297A - 农药增效剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents
农药增效剂及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- 241000192043 Echinochloa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinclorac Chemical compound ClC1=CN=C2C(C(=O)O)=C(Cl)C=CC2=C1 FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
本发明公开了农药增效剂及其使用方法,本发明方案以L‑甲硫氨酸溶液与对羟基苯甲酸溶液分别作为对二氯喹啉酸的农药增效剂;这两种物质溶于水,对于作物与环境无污染,无残留,同时还能减少二氯喹啉酸的使用,降低稗草对该农药抗药性的产生,从而实现高效除草的目标;本发明方案作为农药增效剂的L‑甲硫氨酸、对羟基苯甲酸具有溶于水、无残留、价格低廉的特点,其对二氯喹啉酸除草剂具有增效效果,同时还能降低二氯喹啉酸的使用量,该农药增效剂能够降低稗草对该农药抗药性的产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及除草技术、除草增效剂技术领域,尤其涉及农药增效剂及其使用方法。
背景技术
稗草(Echinochloa spp)是水稻田的主要恶性杂草之一,其外观和生长周期与水稻非常相似,会与水稻争夺水资源、阳光、肥料、和氧气等,从而影响水稻的产量及品质,严重时甚至导致水稻绝产绝收。二氯喹啉酸对稗草有特别好的防效,在我国水稻产区长期广泛使用。
二氯喹啉酸,全称3,7-二氯-8-喹啉羧酸(Quinclorac,3,7-dichloro-8-quinolonecarboxylicid),是一种高效的类生长激素型除草剂,在移栽稻田或直播稻田都广泛使用。它能有效控制单子叶和双子叶杂草,特别是稻田的主要恶性杂草—稗草,对1~7叶期的稗草都有效。但是由于长时间的使用,世界各地的稗草对二氯喹啉酸产生了抗药性。在我国,二氯喹啉酸从1990开始就在稻田中被广泛的应用,至今已经使用了将近30多年。但是由于使用年限的增加和人为过量施用等因素影响,近些年来湖南、浙江、上海、江苏、安徽、辽宁、黑龙江等地都发现了稗草对二氯喹啉酸不同程度的抗性,而且抗性愈发严重。
氨基酸,是含有碱性氨基和酸性羧基的有机化合物。它们参与植物防御、维生素、核苷酸和激素的生物合成,以及作为多种次生化合物的前体。在植物中,氨基酸通常在激素的相互作用中发挥作用,调节生长和发育。
苯丙类化合物是天然存在的一类苯环与三个直链碳连接(C6-C3基团)构成的化合物。有研究发现黄瓜根系分泌的主要化感物质是苯丙烯酸和对羟基苯甲酸,这两种物质可显著影响黄瓜体内的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶活性。
为了解决二氯喹啉酸过量使用及稗草产生高抗药性等问题,本发明提出以L-甲硫氨酸与对羟基苯甲酸作为增效剂的方法,该增效剂使用量低,价格便宜,同时还可以大幅度减少二氯喹啉酸的使用,降低稗草对该农药的抗药性,从而实现高效除草的目标。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提出一种对作物与环境无污染、无残留且在相同农药施用效果下,能够降低二氯喹啉酸农药使用量,降低稗草对该农药的抗药性,从而实现高效除草目标的农药增效剂及其使用方法。
为了实现上述的技术目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
一种农药增效剂,其包括预设浓度的L-甲硫氨酸或对羟基苯甲酸。
作为一种可能的实施方式,进一步,本方案所述农药增效剂用于二氯喹啉酸农药的增效。
作为一种可能的实施方式,进一步,本方案所述农药增效剂对应农药的施用对象为稗草。
作为一种较优的实施选择,优选的,本方案所述的稗草为小旱稗(Echinochloacrusgalli(L.)P.Beauv.var.austrojaponensis Ohwi)、短芒稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)P.Beauv.var.breviseta(Doell)Neilr.)、细叶旱稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)P.Beauv.var.praticola Ohwi)、西来稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)P.Beauv.var.zelayensis(Kunth)Hitchc.)、无芒稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)P.Beauv.var.mitis(Pursh)Peterm.)、孔雀稗(Echinochloa cruspavonis(H.B.K.)Schult.)等不同品种的稗草。
基于上述,本发明还提供一种农药增效施用方法,其包括上述所述的农药增效剂,所述施用方法包括:
在对稗草施用二氯喹啉酸农药之前,预先对稗草施用农药增效剂。
作为一种较优的实施选择,优选的,本方案所述农药增效剂的配制方法包括:
将预设纯度的L-甲硫氨酸粉末或对羟基苯甲酸粉末在室温下与超纯水混合,配制成预设浓度的母液。
作为一种较优的实施选择,优选的,本方案所述农药增效剂包括预设浓度的L-甲硫氨酸时,其施用量为每亩施用1.2L浓度为10mmol L-1的L-甲硫氨酸溶液母液。
作为一种较优的实施选择,优选的,本方案所述农药增效剂包括预设浓度的对羟基苯甲酸时,其施用量为每亩施用2.4L浓度为10mmol L-1的对羟基苯甲酸溶液母液。
作为一种较优的实施选择,优选的,本方案所述二氯喹啉酸农药为50%有效成分的二氯喹啉酸粉末配制而成,且施用量为15g/亩。
作为一种较优的实施选择,优选的,本方案在对稗草施用二氯喹啉酸农药之前3天,预先对稗草施用农药增效剂。
采用上述的技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比,其具有的有益效果为:本发明方案以L-甲硫氨酸溶液与对羟基苯甲酸溶液分别作为对二氯喹啉酸的农药增效剂;这两种物质溶于水,对于作物与环境无污染,无残留,同时还能减少二氯喹啉酸的使用,降低稗草对该农药抗药性的产生,从而实现高效除草的目标。
本发明方案作为农药增效剂的L-甲硫氨酸、对羟基苯甲酸具有溶于水、无残留、价格低廉的特点,其对二氯喹啉酸除草剂具有增效效果,同时还能降低二氯喹啉酸的使用量,该农药增效剂能够降低稗草对该农药抗药性的产生。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是500μmol·L-1二氯喹啉酸浓度下不同浓度L-蛋氨酸处理稗草照片;
图2是500μmol·L-1二氯喹啉酸浓度下不同浓度L-蛋氨酸处理稗草生测结果;
图3是500μmol·L-1二氯喹啉酸浓度下不同浓度对羟基苯甲酸处理稗草照片;
图4是500μmol·L-1二氯喹啉酸浓度下不同浓度对羟基苯甲酸处理稗草生测结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细描述。特别指出的是,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,但不对本发明的范围进行限定。同样的,以下实施例仅为本发明的部分实施例而非全部实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供两种农药增效剂的制备方法,其分别为含有L-甲硫氨酸的农药增效剂和含有对羟基苯甲酸的农药增效剂。
1、含有L-甲硫氨酸的农药增效剂的制备方法如下:
1.1从4℃冰箱内取出纯度为99%的L-甲硫氨酸粉末,室温下静置10分钟;
1.2用精度为0.0001g的电子天平称取L-甲硫氨酸1.4912g,溶于1L超纯水中,配制成10mmol·L-1的母液备用(可根据田间具体面积计算具体用量)。
2、含有对羟基苯甲酸的农药增效剂的制备方法如下:
2.1从4℃冰箱内取出纯度为99%的对羟基苯甲酸粉末,室温下静置10分钟;
2.2用精度为0.0001g的电子天平称取对羟基苯甲酸1.3813g,溶于1L超纯水中,配制成10mmol·L-1的母液备用(可根据田间具体面积计算具体用量)。
3、施用方法如下:
3.1将1.2、2.2所配制完成的母液,按照每亩配制60Kg溶液计算所需使用的母液(即每亩施用1.2L浓度为10mmol L-1的L-甲硫氨酸溶液或2.4L浓度为10mmol L-1的对羟基苯甲酸溶液)。
3.2在孔雀稗(Echinochloa cruspavonis(H.B.K.)Schult.)2叶期时(施用农药二氯喹啉酸的3天前),将配制所得的对羟基苯甲酸溶液或L-甲硫氨酸溶液作为农药增效剂进行均匀施加至田间,3天后再施加作为除草剂农药的二氯喹啉酸溶液(市面上常见的50%有效成分的二氯喹啉酸,在本方案下,仅施用推荐施用量的一半即可,即15g每亩)。
对比测试
为了便于对比本方案的农药增效剂的使用效果,本实施例方案通过如下对比进行阐述:
在人工光源补光玻璃温室内用基质土进行育苗,生长条件为白天(30±5)℃,夜间(15±5)℃,相对湿度(70±10)%,光照时间(13±1)h,待幼苗长到三叶一心,选长势一致的稗草,移栽到1L黑色水培盒中,每盒种植3株稗草,水培盒中放置1L稗草营养液,置于阴凉处。三日后将缓苗成活的稗草移入温室同一地点,以保证在整个实验期,稗草受到的光照、温度和通风等条件一致。
分别外源添加不同浓度的L-蛋氨酸(0、100、200、300μmol·L-1)和对羟基苯甲酸(0、200、400、600μmol·L-1),CK为完全空白对照(只含营养液),培养三天后,加入二氯喹啉酸,浓度为500μmol L-1,培养3天,观察表型并生测。结果如图1所示,可发现随着外源添加蛋氨酸浓度升高,稗草死亡程度加深。随着外源添加蛋氨酸浓度升高,稗草根长、株高、鲜重与CK相比,出现显著性的下降(图2)。
而随着外源添加对羟基苯甲酸浓度升高,稗草死亡程度加深(图3),同时稗草根长、株高、鲜重与CK相比,出现显著性的下降(图4)。
实验发现:L-甲硫氨酸在200μmol L-1时已经具有较好的二氯喹啉酸增效效果,因此,采用浓度为10mmol L-1的L-甲硫氨酸溶液作为增效剂母液时,每亩施用1.2L即可;对羟基苯甲酸在400μmol L-1时已经具有较好的二氯喹啉酸增效效果,因此,采用浓度为10mmolL-1的对羟基苯甲酸溶液作为增效剂母液时,每亩施用2.4L即可。
由此可知,本实施方案以L-甲硫氨酸与对羟基苯甲酸配制成溶液分别作为农药增效剂,这两种增效剂使用量低,而且还具有价格便宜的特点,同时还可以大幅度减少二氯喹啉酸的使用(市面上常见的50%有效成分的二氯喹啉酸粉末,推荐施用量为30-50g每亩,加入60Kg水搅匀后施用,实验发现仅施用推荐施用量的一半即可,15g每亩,即500μmol·L-1),降低稗草对该农药的抗药性,从而实现高效除草的目标。
以上所述仅为本发明的部分实施例,并非因此限制本发明的保护范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效装置或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种农药增效剂,其特征在于,其包括预设浓度的L-甲硫氨酸或对羟基苯甲酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的农药增效剂,其特征在于,所述农药增效剂用于二氯喹啉酸农药的增效。
3.如权利要求1所述的农药增效剂,其特征在于,所述农药增效剂对应农药的施用对象为稗草。
4.如权利要求3所述的农药增效剂,其特征在于,所述稗草包括:小旱稗、短芒稗、细叶旱稗、西来稗、无芒稗或孔雀稗。
5.农药增效施用方法,其特征在于,其包括权利要求1至4之一所述的农药增效剂,所述施用方法包括:
在对稗草施用二氯喹啉酸农药之前,预先对稗草施用农药增效剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的农药增效施用方法,其特征在于:所述农药增效剂的配制方法包括:
将预设纯度的L-甲硫氨酸粉末或对羟基苯甲酸粉末在室温下与超纯水混合,配制成预设浓度的母液。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的农药增效施用方法,其特征在于:所述农药增效剂包括预设浓度的L-甲硫氨酸时,其施用量为每亩施用1.2L浓度为10mmol L-1的L-甲硫氨酸溶液母液。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的农药增效施用方法,其特征在于:所述农药增效剂包括预设浓度的对羟基苯甲酸时,其施用量为每亩施用2.4L浓度为10mmol L-1的对羟基苯甲酸溶液母液。
9.根据权利要求5所述的农药增效施用方法,其特征在于:所述二氯喹啉酸农药为50%有效成分的二氯喹啉酸粉末配制而成,且施用量为15g/亩。
10.根据权利要求5所述的农药增效施用方法,其特征在于:在对稗草施用二氯喹啉酸农药之前3天,预先对稗草施用农药增效剂。
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