CN116616295B - 木犀草素诱导花生抗虫的用途 - Google Patents
木犀草素诱导花生抗虫的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了木犀草素诱导花生抗虫的用途,属于生物农药领域,涉及生物农药的新用途。木犀草素作为激发子诱导花生,添加木犀草素的花生植株和对照植株相比,其抗花生地上害虫棉铃虫、金龟甲,地下害虫蛴螬的能力明显高于对照组。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物农药技术领域,特别涉及木犀草素诱导花生抗虫的用途。
背景技术
地上害虫棉铃虫、地下害虫蛴螬一直是花生生产上的防治难点。目前对于上述花生害虫的防控仍主要采用化学防治手段,且防控用药量较大,大量化学药剂的使用造成环境严重污染,花生及其产品农药残留严重超标,并导致害虫抗药性显著上升,加大防控难度。针对传统农药的劣势,越来越多的生物农药被发明创造,它们通常绿色环保,不危害环境,但经常面临效率不高的问题。因此,研发一种高效防控花生害虫的生物制剂,在不影响花生产量的前提下,高效的抑制害虫危害,减少环境污染,是目前花生生产亟待解决的技术问题。
木犀草素是一种广泛存在于植物中的黄酮类化合物,其具备一定抑菌和抗氧化功能。近年来,木犀草素已在人体的药物治疗的临床试验中得到应用,安全性较强。但木犀草素对农作物虫害抗性的影响仍不清楚。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术的不足,本发明提供了木犀草素诱导花生抗虫的用途。
本发明的技术方案为:
本发明公开了木犀草素诱导花生抗虫的用途。
作为具体的实施方式,所述的虫为棉铃虫、蛴螬或金龟甲。
作为具体的实施方式,木犀草素为浓度0.001~0.1mg/L的木犀草素水溶液。
作为具体的实施方式,所述诱导花生抗虫的方法包括根吸法、涂抹法或喷施法。
作为具体的实施方式,所述根吸法具体为:灌根,灌根药液中木犀草素的浓度为0.001~0.1mg/L。
作为具体的实施方式,所述喷施法是将浓度为0.001~0.1mg/L的木犀草素药液喷施至花生茎秆、叶片。
作为具体的实施方式,每株花生使用1-3mL木犀草素药液。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明以木犀草素作为激发子诱导花生,通过对试验植株进行棉铃虫成虫产卵偏好性分析,结合取食试验植株叶片后棉铃虫幼虫生长发育指标测定,发现在花生中添加木犀草素可以有效提高花生对棉铃虫的抗性。通过对试验植株进行对花生虫害率、空果率、蛴螬头数进行统计,发现在花生中添加木犀草素可以有效提高花生对蛴螬的抗性。即,木犀草素可以提高花生抗虫能力,有效抑制棉铃虫和蛴螬的数量,减少对花生的损害。
2、实现花生田在病虫害方面的低污染、低农药、高效、安全的防治,进而达到优质高产。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
本发明实施例中所用的试验材料均为本领域常规的试验材料,均可通过商业渠道购买得到。
试验材料
木犀草素购于LOCAL公司货号GC74397,casno 491-70-3。
供试花生:花育33。
一、木犀草素作为激发子诱导花生抗棉铃虫的活性
实施例1木犀草素溶液灌根盆栽花生抑制棉铃虫落卵量
用清水将木犀草素配置成0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL三个浓度,选取长势一致的培养3周的盆栽花生苗(每盆两株),用不同浓度的木犀草素溶液20mL进行灌根处理,置于人工气候室内培养,培养条件是:温度20±2℃、相对湿度(RH)70%,亮/暗光周期=14:10小时。一周后挑选长势及高度一致的不同浓度木犀草素溶液(0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL)处理的花生植株各6株置于罩笼中,对角线随机排列,取受精棉铃虫雌成虫12头接入罩笼中,使其可在花生品种上随意产卵,每天定时观察统计各花生上的产卵量,并及时除去已产卵,连续观察3d,重复3次,记录棉铃虫在每个花生品种上的产卵量,计算落卵比例,结果如表1所示。
表1木犀草素对棉铃虫产卵选择的影响
注:±号后面表示标准误
由表1可知,相对于未用木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生(0mg/mL处理组),采用0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生,棉铃虫落卵量比例显著降低。而且“0.01mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生”与“0.1mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生”对棉铃虫落卵量比例差别不显著,所以采用木犀草素溶液灌根处理花生,抑制棉铃虫落卵时,选取0.01~0.1mg/mL的木犀草素溶液均可,从经济的角度考虑,可以取较低浓度。
实施例2木犀草素溶液灌根盆栽花生抑制棉铃虫生长,促进棉铃虫死亡
用清水将木犀草素配置成0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL三个浓度,选取长势一致的培养3周的盆栽花生苗(每盆两株),用不同浓度的木犀草素溶液20mL进行灌根处理,置于人工气候室内培养,培养条件是:温度20±2℃、相对湿度(RH)70%,亮/暗光周期=14:10小时。一周后挑选长势及高度一致的不同浓度木犀草素溶液(0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL)处理的花生植株。
在选取的花生植株上各接12小时内孵化的初孵棉铃虫幼虫6头(6头/株),接虫后每天观察各棉铃虫头壳变化及蜕皮现象,记录生长发育死亡情况,并记录各幼虫龄期。
另用不同浓度木犀草素溶液(0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL)浸泡处理花生叶片5分钟后立即饲喂12小时内孵化的初孵棉铃虫幼虫(每处理6头),观察记录棉铃虫的生长发育及死亡情况,试验重复3次。
结果如表2、表3、表4所示。
表2木犀草素对棉铃虫死亡率的影响
注:±号后面表示标准误
由表2可知,相对于未用木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生(0mg/mL处理组),采用0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生,对棉铃虫的致死率显著提升;“0.01mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生”与“0.1mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生”对棉铃虫致死率差别较大;“0.01mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生”,15天后棉铃虫死亡率为19.44%左右;“0.1mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生”,15天后棉铃虫死亡率为30.56%左右。
表3木犀草素对棉铃虫幼虫发育历期的影响
注:±号后面表示标准误
由表3可知,相对于未用木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生(0mg/mL处理组),采用0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL木犀草素溶液灌根处理的花生,对棉铃虫的发育具有显著的抑制作用。
表4木犀草素饲喂对棉铃虫幼虫存活率及发育历期的影响
由表4可知,以食物(花生叶)为载体直接饲喂不同浓度木犀草素后0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL处理组棉铃虫幼虫死亡率及发育历期较未用木犀草素溶液处理组(0mg/mL处理组)无明显差异。
实施例3木犀草素溶液喷施大田花生,抑制棉铃虫落卵,抑制棉铃虫发育试验地点:田间试验区设在泰安市新泰市宫里镇;
花生品种:花育33;
播种时间5月2-4日,种植密度为10000穴/667m2,试验区面积1亩,靶标害虫为棉铃虫;
配制最终浓度为0mg/mL、0.001mg/mL、0.1mg/mL的木犀草素溶液,在花生苗期喷施2次,并于7月25日进行田间取样调查。采用随机5点取样,每个点调查15穴(1m2),分别调查并记录每样点叶片被害情况,棉铃虫幼虫数量及落卵量情况,结果如表5所示。
表5木犀草素对花生田棉铃虫发生的影响
注:±号后面表示标准误
由表5可知,相对于未用木犀草素溶液喷施处理的花生(0mg/mL处理组),采用0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL木犀草素溶液喷施处理的花生,对棉铃虫落卵量、及生长发育具有非常显著的抑制作用。
由实施例1-实施例3可知,根据棉铃虫成虫产卵选择及幼虫存活、生长发育及田间防控情况可知:
1)添加木犀草素的花生植株对棉铃虫的抗性更强;
2)室内条件下,木犀草素作为激发子在0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL和0.1mg/mL浓度条件下处理花生后棉铃虫成虫落卵量比例分别为60.05%、21.55%、18.4%;棉铃虫死亡率分别是8.33%、19.44%和30.56%;幼虫的发育历期分别为29d、34d和32.75d,表明木犀草素能够抑制棉铃虫的正常生长发育。而直接饲喂不同浓度木犀草素对棉铃虫幼虫的存活及生长发育均无明显不利影响。
3)田间施用木犀草素后,0.01mg/mL和0.1mg/mL浓度条件下棉铃虫落卵量分别较未施用木犀草素(0mg/mL处理组)降低59.6%和77.6%;种群数量分别较对照降低59.1%和77.5%。
以上结果表明木犀草素作为激发子诱导花生抗棉铃虫害具有良好的应用潜力。
二、木犀草素作为激发子诱导花生抗蛴螬的活性
实施例4木犀草素溶液灌根大田花生,抑制蛴螬发育
地点:花生试验区设在泰安市新泰市宫里镇;
花生品种:花育33;
播种时间5月2-4日,种植密度为10000穴/667m2,试验区面积1亩,靶标害虫为花生蛴螬;
配制最终浓度为0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL的木犀草素溶液,在花生成熟后期浇灌2次(前后间隔5天),并于花生收获期前1-3天(9月20-22日)进行田间取样调查。采用“Z”型取样法在每小区调查5个点,每个点调查15穴(1m2)。将花生植株整个根系及周围根际土移至穴外,分别调查并记录每穴及其根际土壤中的蛴螬存活数、花生荚果数和受害荚果数,计算出蛴螬减退率、荚果受害率,结果如表6所示。
虫口减退率(%)=[(处理前虫口基数-处理后虫口数量)/处理前虫口基数]×100。
表6木犀草素对蛴螬危害的影响
由表6可知,使用木犀草素后害果率、空果率大幅下降。
三、木犀草素作为激发子诱导花生抗金龟甲的活性
实施例5
不同浓度木犀草素溶液(0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL)浸泡处理土豆5分钟后立即饲喂花生田优势种金龟甲(大黑鳃金龟、暗黑鳃金龟、铜绿丽金龟)2龄幼虫(每处理6头),观察记录蛴螬(金龟甲幼虫)死亡情况,试验重复3次。结果如表7所示。
表7木犀草素饲喂对蛴螬死亡率的影响
由表7可知以食物(土豆条)为载体直接饲喂不同浓度木犀草素后0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL处理组不同种类蛴螬(金龟甲幼虫)死亡率较未用木犀草素溶液处理组(0mg/mL处理组)无明显差异。表明木犀草素作为激发子诱导花生抗蛴螬(金龟甲幼虫)害具有良好的应用潜力。且木犀草素浓度为0.1mg/L或浓度为0.01mg/L,对蛴螬(金龟甲幼虫)的防治效果基本相近,综合考虑,木犀草素最优浓度选择为0.01mg/L。
Claims (6)
1.木犀草素诱导花生抗虫的用途;所述的虫为棉铃虫。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:木犀草素为浓度0 .001~0 .1mg/L的木犀草素水溶液。
3.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述诱导花生抗虫的方法包括根吸法、涂抹法或喷施法。
4.如权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:所述根吸法具体为:灌根,灌根药液中木犀草素的浓度为0.001~0.1mg/L。
5.如权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:所述喷施法是将浓度为0 .001~0.1mg/L的木犀草素药液喷施至花生茎秆、叶片。
6.如权利要求2、3、4、5任一项所述的用途,其特征在于:每株花生使用1-3mL木犀草素药液。
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