CN116613540A - Focusing lens with matching layer - Google Patents
Focusing lens with matching layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116613540A CN116613540A CN202310595156.8A CN202310595156A CN116613540A CN 116613540 A CN116613540 A CN 116613540A CN 202310595156 A CN202310595156 A CN 202310595156A CN 116613540 A CN116613540 A CN 116613540A
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- tubular conductive
- dielectric material
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- ring
- layer
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- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
Landscapes
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Provided herein is a cylindrical focusing lens comprising a radome and an artificial dielectric material comprising a plurality of sheets of foamed dielectric material disposed on respective layers and a plurality of tubular conductive elements disposed in the sheets of foamed dielectric material; wherein the tubular conductive element disposed in the sheet of foamed dielectric material forms a circle and a ring surrounding the circle, the ring and the circle and the ring and the radome being separated by the annular foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive element. The cylindrical focusing lens overcomes the defects of the lens made of the existing lightweight dielectric material, and provides a lens which has good matching degree with free space, more compact structure and simpler manufacture.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a focusing lens for electromagnetic waves made of an artificial dielectric material.
Background
Modern mobile communications markets require multi-beam antennas to produce narrow beams and operate in different frequency bands, with dielectric focusing lenses being the primary components of the multi-beam antennas. In general, multibeam antennas comprise a Luneberg (Luneberg) lens that is free space matched, because the dielectric constant epsilon of such a lens gradually decreases from the center to the outer edge according to the formula epsilon = 2- (R/a) 2, where R is the distance from the inner point to the center of the lens and a is the outer radius of the lens. The diameter of the focusing lens must be a length of a few wavelengths of electromagnetic waves propagating through the lens to form a narrow beam; thus, some multibeam antennas for mobile communications have lens diameters exceeding 1 meter; such lenses made of typical dielectric materials are too heavy, and thus artificial lightweight dielectric materials have been invented to make large lenses.
For example, U.S. patent application No. 9819094B2 describes a cylindrical lens made of a lightweight, artificial isotropic dielectric material having a substantially uniform epsilon; in free space at nominal operating frequency, a lens of this design provides more gain than a luneberg lens of the same diameter when the diameter of the lens is less than 3 wavelengths. Thus, a relatively small lens made of isotropic dielectric material with a substantially uniform epsilon is smaller than a Robert lens providing the same gain, but the reflection of electromagnetic waves from the outer profile of such a lens is greater than the reflection from the Robert lens. An improved design is described in U.S. patent application No. 9780457B2, matching lenses to free space; such a lens comprises a plurality of compartments for placing a lightweight isotropic dielectric material having a substantially uniform epsilon; the dielectric material filled in the compartments near the center of the lens has a larger epsilon than the dielectric material filled in the compartments near the outer contour of the lens; the lens of this design is more closely matched to free space but is more complex to manufacture and provides poorer directivity than a lens with uniform epsilon.
A cylindrical lens made of an anisotropic dielectric material can reduce depolarization of electromagnetic waves passing through the cylindrical lens and improve cross-polarization of a multibeam antenna.
A lightweight artificial dielectric material that is anisotropic and suitable for the manufacture of cylindrical lenses is described in International publication No. WO/2022/093042A1 and PCT International application No. PCT/NZ 2021/050182.
An artificial dielectric material comprising a plurality of layered sheets made of dielectric material and a plurality of conductive elements disposed in holes in the sheets made of dielectric material; each conductive element is approximately tubular, and a slit is formed along the length direction of the conductive element, so that a gap is reserved between two edges in the length direction.
An artificial dielectric material described in PCT international application No. PCT/NZ2021/050182 comprises tubular conductive elements whose axes are oriented perpendicular to their layers or parallel to their layers; this material provides the desired anisotropy due to the different directions of the tubular conductive elements, reducing the cross-polarization level of the antenna consisting of cylindrical lenses.
The lens focusing the rf wave must be well matched to free space to improve return loss and isolation of the multibeam antenna, so a new lens made of artificial dielectric material needs to be matched to free space.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a focusing lens made of a lightweight artificial dielectric material which is easy to manufacture and which better matches free space.
A first object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of lenses made of existing lightweight dielectric materials and to provide a lens that matches well with free space and is more compact in structure. A second object of the invention is to provide a lens with a good degree of matching with free space, which is simpler to manufacture compared to known similar products.
The invention provides a cylindrical focusing lens, which is characterized by comprising an antenna housing and an artificial dielectric material, wherein the artificial dielectric material comprises a plurality of foam dielectric material sheets arranged on each layering and a plurality of tubular conductive elements arranged in the foam dielectric material sheets; wherein said tubular conductive element disposed in said sheet of foamed dielectric material forms a circle and a ring surrounding said circle, said ring and said circle and said ring and said radome being separated by said foamed dielectric material in the form of a ring without said tubular conductive element; the foamed dielectric material with the tubular conductive elements is separated by the foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive elements.
The circular shape with the tubular conductive element forms one of the layers of a focusing cylinder. The two rings of foamed dielectric material without tubular conductive elements and the ring with tubular conductive elements form a wideband transformer that matches the ring with tubular conductive elements to free space, the circular shape formed by the tubular conductive elements can be provided in any structural shape as described in PCT/NZ 2021/050182. In some lenses with operating frequencies below 1GHz and larger sizes, the annular shape of the foam dielectric material without tubular conductive elements may be replaced with an air gap to make the lens lighter and save foam dielectric material.
The axes of the tubular conductive elements forming the circles and the rings in the same layer may all point in the same direction or in different directions.
The axes of the tubular conductive elements arranged in different layers may all point in the same direction or all point in different directions.
The axes of the tubular conductive elements arranged in the same layer may be all perpendicular to the layer or all parallel to the layer.
The axes of the tubular conductive elements disposed in the same layer, all parallel to the layer, may be mutually perpendicular to the axes of the tubular conductive elements in adjacent layers, all parallel to the adjacent layer.
The width of the loop constituting the wideband transformer depends on the operating frequency band and the thickness of the radome, which is the outer part of the wideband transformer.
The annular width of the foam dielectric material without the tubular conductive element disposed between the annular ring and the circular shape may be 0.3-1.0 times the width of the annular ring with the tubular conductive element. The annular width of the foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive element disposed between the annular ring and the radome may be 1.5-3.0 times the width of the annular ring with the tubular conductive element.
The tubular conductive elements on adjacent layers may be stacked along the same axis or may be offset from each other and have different axes.
The axes of the tubular conductive elements may be arranged with different orientations, some of the axes of the tubular conductive elements being perpendicular to the layer in which they are located, and others of the axes of the tubular conductive elements being parallel to the layer in which they are located, the axes of the tubular conductive elements being parallel to the layer in which they are located being arranged perpendicular to each other, so that the axes of the tubular conductive elements have three mutually orthogonal orientations. Therefore, the dielectric properties of the matching layer are less dependent on the direction and polarization of the electromagnetic waves traversing the material.
The axes of the tubular conductive elements placed in the same layer may have the same or different orientations, and each layer containing the tubular conductive elements placed one above the other may have the same or different structural shapes.
The lens made up of the provided transducer does not contain additional elements and is therefore simpler to manufacture than known analogues. Such transducers may be used to match other types of focusing lenses.
Drawings
The invention is further described in the following figures, by way of example only, in accordance with several embodiments of the cylindrical lens of the invention, wherein:
fig. 1a and 1b show a top view and a corresponding cross section A-A of a first layer of a cylindrical lens, wherein tubular conductive elements forming a circle are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal structure, the axes of the tubular conductive elements being perpendicular to the layer;
fig. 1c and 1d show a top view and a corresponding cross section A-A of a second layer of cylindrical lenses, wherein tubular conductive elements forming a circle are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal structure, the axes of the tubular conductive elements being parallel to the layer and to the cross section A-A;
FIGS. 1e and 1f show a top view and a corresponding cross section A-A of a third layer of a cylindrical lens, wherein tubular conductive elements forming a circle are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal structure, the axes of the tubular conductive elements being parallel to the layer and perpendicular to the cross section A-A;
FIG. 1g shows a cross section A-A of a cylindrical lens consisting of thirty-six layers as shown in FIGS. 1 a-1 f, separated by layers of foamed dielectric material without tubular conductive elements, such a lens being assembled from three different layers;
FIG. 2a illustrates reflection of planar electromagnetic waves by the lens of FIGS. 1 a-1 g;
FIG. 2b shows the normalized impedance of a matched transformer formed by a radome, a ring of foamed dielectric material without conductive tubular elements, and a ring with conductive tubular elements together;
in other applications, the tubular conductive elements in the same layer may form other structural shapes, and the lens may contain other numbers of different layers;
figures 3 a-3 e show a cylindrical lens consisting of two different layers, wherein each layer comprises a plurality of tubular conductive elements placed in a circumferential distribution, the axes of which have two orthogonal directions;
figures 3a and 3b show a top view and a corresponding A-A section of a fifth layer, the axes of the tubular conductive elements forming the odd circles of circumferences being parallel to the layer and parallel to the circumference, the axes of the tubular conductive elements forming the even circles of circumferences being perpendicular to the layer;
figures 3c and 3d show a top view and a corresponding A-A section of a sixth layer, the axes of the tubular conductive elements forming the odd circles of circumferences being parallel to and perpendicular to the layer and the axes of the tubular conductive elements forming the even circles of circumferences being perpendicular to the layer;
fig. 3e shows a cross section A-A of a cylindrical lens comprising twenty-four layers as shown in fig. 3 a-3 d, separated by a foamed dielectric material layer without tubular conductive elements.
Detailed Description
The figures provide several exemplary embodiments of cylindrical lenses made of lightweight artificial dielectric material containing tubular conductive elements, and the arrangement of the tubular dielectric elements such that the lenses match the free space.
A first embodiment of the invention, shown in fig. 1 a-1 g, is a cylindrical lens assembled from three different layers.
Fig. 1a and 1b show a top view and a corresponding cross section A-A of a first layer 1 of a cylindrical lens, wherein tubular conductive elements 11 arranged within a first circumference 5 are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal structure, the axis of the tubular conductive elements 11 being perpendicular to the layer and parallel to the cross section A-A. The tubular conductive element 11 arranged between the second circumference 6 and the third circumference 7 is arranged on a second ring 8 formed by both circumferences, which second ring 8 is arranged between the first circumference 5 and the radome 9, and the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 of foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive element 11 are separated. The axis of the tubular conductive element 11 is perpendicular to the present layer and parallel to the cross section A-A. The thin dielectric rod 13 passes through all the layers and fixes the relative positions of all the layers constituting the lens.
Fig. 1c and 1d show a top view and a corresponding cross section A-A of a second layer 2 of cylindrical lenses, wherein tubular conductive elements 11 arranged within the first circumference 5 are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal structure, the axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 being parallel to the layer and to the cross section A-A. The tubular conductive element 11 arranged between the second circumference 6 and the third circumference 7 is arranged on a second ring 8 formed by both circumferences, which second ring 8 is arranged between the first circumference 5 and the radome 9, and the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 of foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive element 11 are separated. The axis of the tubular conductive element 11 is parallel to the present layer and to the cross section A-A.
Fig. 1e and 1f show a top view and a corresponding cross section A-A of a third layer 3 of cylindrical lenses, wherein tubular conductive elements 11 arranged within the first circumference 5 are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal structure, the axis of the tubular conductive elements 11 being parallel to the layer and perpendicular to the cross section A-A. The tubular conductive element 11 arranged between the second circumference 6 and the third circumference 7 is arranged on a second ring 8 formed by both circumferences, which second ring 8 is arranged between the first circumference 5 and the radome 9, and the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 of foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive element 11 are separated. The axis of the tubular conductive element 11 is parallel to the present layer and perpendicular to the cross-section A-A.
Fig. 1g shows a cross section A-A of a cylindrical lens comprising a plurality of layers with tubular conductive elements 11 as shown in fig. 1 a-1 f, and separated by a fourth layer 4 of foamed dielectric material without tubular conductive elements 11. These layers are stacked together to form twelve first components 14, providing the desired anisotropic properties. Such a lens provides a better matching degree with the free space than the reflection from the radome 9 and within the first circumference 5, since the second ring 8, the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 have different epsilon values for the electromagnetic waves reflected through the lens. The additional reflections from the second ring 8, the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 suppress reflections from the radome 9 and within the first circumference 5, matching the lens to free space. The width of the second 8, first 10 and third 12 rings providing the best match depends on the nominal operating frequency and the thickness of the radome 9 and its epsilon value.
Fig. 2a shows multiple reflections of a planar electromagnetic wave through the radome 9 and the second 8, first 10 and third 12 rings having different epsilon values to the lens axis. Impedance to delamination of dielectric material and free space impedance normalizationThus, reflection of planar electromagnetic waves from a dielectric material layering can be calculated as reflection from important connection portions of transmission lines having different Z and lengths. Fig. 2b shows the impedance of the radome 9 and the second 8, first 10 and third 12 rings with an outside radius R.
Table 1 contains the widths W and epsilon of the annular rings forming the transducer for a lens made of an artificial dielectric material, epsilon=2.0, placed within the first circumference 5. The radome 9, having a thickness of 3 mm, epsilon=4.3, is the outer part of the transducer.
TABLE 1
Table 2 transmission lines containing important connections simulate the electrical length of matched convertersAnd normalizing the impedance Z.
TABLE 2
The calculated transducer provides a voltage standing wave ratio vswr=1.06 over a wide frequency band of 0.5-1.0GHz, and thus this approach can be applied to matching different lenses of a broadband multi-beam antenna, including lenses used in modern mobile communication base stations.
As shown in fig. 1a, 1c or 1e, the second, first and third rings 8, 10 and 12 and the first circumference 5 are each formed by filling the holes of the foam dielectric material of the whole circular sheet with tubular conductive elements 11. The manner in which the lenses are matched to free space provided herein does not require a complex radome with multiple compartments as described in U.S. patent application No. 9780457B2, and therefore the cost of manufacturing matched lenses is the same as lenses made of lightweight artificial dielectric materials with substantially uniform epsilon. The second ring 8, the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 together with the radome 9 form a broadband transformer, the length of which is smaller than usual transformers, consisting of sections with different impedances and equal lengths, equal to a quarter wavelength in the free space of the nominal operating frequency. Thus, the lens of the present invention has a smaller diameter than a lens providing the same gain, wherein ε decreases smoothly toward the outer contour of the lens.
Example two
The tubular conductive elements 11 placed in the same layer may form other structural shapes and the lens may also comprise other numbers of different layers. For example, fig. 3 a-3 e show a cylindrical lens assembled from two different layers, wherein each layer comprises a plurality of tubular conductive elements arranged circumferentially within a circle, and their axes all have two mutually orthogonal directions.
Fig. 3a and 3b show a top view of a fifth sub-layer 50 and its corresponding cross section A-A, wherein tubular conductive elements 11 placed within the first circumference 5 are arranged in the shape of a sunflower structure. The axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 forming the odd circles of circumference are parallel to the present layer and parallel to the first circumference 5, and the axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 forming the even circles of circumference are all perpendicular to the present layer; the tubular conductive element 11 arranged between the second circumference 6 and the third circumference 7 is arranged on a second ring 8 formed by both circumferences, which second ring 8 is arranged between the first circumference 5 and the radome 9, and the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 of foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive element 11 are separated. The axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 are parallel to the present layer and parallel to the first circumference 5, and the axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 are perpendicular to the present layer; the thin dielectric rod 13 passes through all the layers and fixes the relative positions of the layers forming the lens.
Fig. 3c and 3d show a top view of a sixth sub-layer 60 and its corresponding cross section A-A, wherein the tubular conductive elements 11 placed in the first circumference 5 are arranged in the shape of a sunflower structure. The axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 forming the odd circles of circumference are parallel to the present layer and perpendicular to the first circumference 5, and the axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 forming the even circles of circumference are all perpendicular to the present layer; the tubular conductive element 11 arranged between the second circumference 6 and the third circumference 7 is arranged on a second ring 8 formed by the two circumferences, the second ring 8 being arranged between the first circumference 5 and the radome 9, and the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 formed by the foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive element 11 being separated; the axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 are all parallel to the present layer and perpendicular to the first circumference 5, and the axes of the tubular conductive elements 11 are all perpendicular to the present layer.
Fig. 3e shows a cross section A-A of a cylindrical lens comprising layers as shown in fig. 3 a-3 b, and also comprising layers as shown in fig. 3 c-3 d separated by a seventh layer 70 of foamed dielectric material without tubular conductive elements 11. These layers are stacked together to form twelve second components 44, providing the desired anisotropic properties.
Such a lens provides a better matching degree with the free space than the reflection from the radome 9 and within the first circumference 5, since the second ring 8, the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 have different epsilon values for the electromagnetic waves reflected through the lens. The additional reflections from the second ring 8, the first ring 10 and the third ring 12 suppress reflections from the radome 9 and within the first circumference 5 and improve the matching of the lens to free space. The width of the second 8, first 10 and third 12 rings providing the best match depends on the nominal operating frequency and the thickness of the radome 9 and its epsilon value.
The group of focusing lenses which is matched to the free space by providing is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but the lenses may also be constituted by other structural shapes formed by tubular conductive elements. For example, the tubular conductive elements forming each layer may be oriented in three mutually orthogonal directions, the tubular conductive elements forming the annular arrangement of the matched transducers may also comprise tubular conductive elements having three mutually orthogonal directional axes, and such a lens may comprise only one type of layer.
It will be appreciated that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art in any country.
Claims (9)
1. A cylindrical focusing lens comprising a radome and an artificial dielectric material, said artificial dielectric material comprising a plurality of sheets of foam dielectric material disposed on respective layers and a plurality of tubular conductive elements disposed in said sheets of foam dielectric material;
wherein the tubular conductive element disposed in the sheet of foamed dielectric material forms a circle and a ring surrounding the circle, the ring and the circle and the ring and the radome being separated by the annular foamed dielectric material without the tubular conductive element.
2. The cylindrical focusing lens of claim 1, wherein said foam dielectric material with said tubular conductive elements is separated by said foam dielectric material without said tubular conductive elements.
3. The cylindrical focusing lens according to claim 1, wherein the axes of the tubular conductive elements forming the circle and the torus are each directed in the same direction.
4. The cylindrical focusing lens according to claim 1, wherein the axes of the tubular conductive elements disposed in different layers are each directed in different directions.
5. The cylindrical focusing lens according to claim 1, wherein the axes of the tubular conductive elements disposed in the same layer are all perpendicular to the layer.
6. The cylindrical focusing lens according to claim 1, wherein the axes of the tubular conductive elements disposed in the same layer are all parallel to the layer.
7. The cylindrical focusing lens according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the tubular conductive element disposed in the same layer and parallel to the layer is perpendicular to the axis of the tubular conductive element in another layer and parallel to the other layer.
8. The cylindrical focusing lens according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the annular width of said foam dielectric material without said tubular conductive element disposed between said annular ring and said circular shape is 0.3-1.0 times the width of said annular ring with said tubular conductive element.
9. The cylindrical focusing lens according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the annular width of said foam dielectric material without said tubular conductive element disposed between said annular ring and said radome is 1.5-3.0 times the width of said annular ring with said tubular conductive element.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310595156.8A CN116613540A (en) | 2023-05-24 | 2023-05-24 | Focusing lens with matching layer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310595156.8A CN116613540A (en) | 2023-05-24 | 2023-05-24 | Focusing lens with matching layer |
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| CN116613540A true CN116613540A (en) | 2023-08-18 |
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| US20100053019A1 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2010-03-04 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Artificial medium, its manufacturing method, and antenna device |
| US9819094B2 (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2017-11-14 | Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina | Lensed base station antennas |
| US20210091478A1 (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-03-25 | Vasant Limited | Artificial dielectric material and focusing lenses made of it |
| CN113451782A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-28 | 中山大学 | Planar luneberg lens antenna with wide scanning angle |
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| WO2022093042A1 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-05 | Vasant Limited | Artificial dielectric material and focusing lenses made of it |
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| WO2022265524A1 (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-22 | Vasant Limited | Artificial dielectric material and focusing lenses made of it |
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2023
- 2023-05-24 CN CN202310595156.8A patent/CN116613540A/en active Pending
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