CN116609223A - Method for measuring oil content of spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods - Google Patents
Method for measuring oil content of spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000008866 Ziziphus nummularia Species 0.000 claims description 122
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000231392 Gymnosiphon Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 68
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000008454 Hyperhidrosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000011276 addition treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010013954 Dysphoria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033557 Palpitations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000219100 Rhamnaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008451 emotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010036067 polydipsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the oil content of spina date seeds under different sorting and different fat increasing methods, which comprises the steps of obtaining and grouping spina date seed samples, respectively screening and preprocessing the grouped spina date seed samples, grinding the screened and preprocessed spina date seed samples, extracting grease in the spina date seed powder, and calculating the oil content; according to the invention, the two groups of spina date seeds are divided into two groups, and the two groups of spina date seeds are treated by adopting different screening and classifying methods and different wet and heat treatment methods respectively, and then the treated spina date seeds are ground into powder, and grease in the treated spina date seeds is extracted by the powder, so that not only can the influence of different phenotypes of the spina date seeds on the oil content of the spina date seeds be determined, but also the influence of pretreatment parameters of the spina date seeds on the oil content of the spina date seeds in the pretreatment process of increasing the oil content of the spina date seeds can be determined, and further, the optimal screening conditions and pretreatment parameters can be obtained in the production process of the spina date seed grease, and the production efficiency of the spina date seed oil is improved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil content measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the oil content of spina date seeds under different sorting and different fat liquoring methods.
Background
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae is traditional medicinal material, and is prepared from seed of Zizyphi Spinosae belonging to Rhamnaceae, harvesting in autumn, soaking fruit for one time, removing pulp, taking out, grinding fruit core with stone mill, taking out seed, sun drying, and has the functions of: nourishing liver, calming heart, soothing nerves and arresting sweating, treating dysphoria, palpitation, polydipsia and sweating due to deficiency, the semen zizyphi spinosae oil is one of main functional components of the semen zizyphi spinosae, the semen zizyphi spinosae oil is mainly extracted from semen zizyphi spinosae, and the semen zizyphi spinosae has strong effect of soothing nerves, can regulate sleep and stabilize emotion.
The spina date seed oil is a spina date seed finished product, the production and sales of the spina date seed oil are existing at present, the spina date seed oil content has obvious relevance with the phenotype thereof, such as the size of seeds, the color of seed coats and the like, but in the existing spina date seed oil processing, a technical method for accurately measuring the spina date seed oil content is not available, so that the influence of different phenotypes of the spina date seed on the oil content of the spina date seed cannot be determined, the influence of pretreatment parameters of the spina date seed on the oil content of the spina date seed in the pretreatment process of increasing the oil content cannot be determined, the production efficiency of the spina date seed oil is improved to a certain extent, the high-efficiency extraction of the spina date seed oil is not utilized, and good economic benefits cannot be brought about, so that the invention provides a spina date seed oil content measuring method under different sorting and different lipid increasing methods to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fat increasing methods, and solves the problems that in the existing processing of the spina date seed oil, a technical method for accurately measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds is not available, so that the influence of different phenotypes of the spina date seeds on the oil content of the spina date seeds cannot be determined, and the influence of pretreatment parameters of the spina date seeds on the oil content of the spina date seeds in the pretreatment process of increasing the oil content of the spina date seeds cannot be determined.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fat increasing methods comprises the following steps:
step one: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining wild jujube seeds from wild jujubes harvested in the current year, namely wild jujube seeds, removing wild jujube seeds and impurities which are obviously damaged, wrinkled and mildewed in the obtained wild jujube seeds, and then equally dividing the wild jujube seeds with the impurities removed into a first component and a second component;
step two: screening and classifying the first component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step based on the phenotype characteristics of the wild jujube seeds, preprocessing the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step by adopting a damp-heat treatment method for improving the grease content of the wild jujube seeds, and classifying according to different preprocessing parameters;
step three: firstly, drying the first-component wild jujube seed and the second-component wild jujube seed which are classified in the second step to constant weight, respectively grinding into powder by adopting a grinder to obtain first-component wild jujube seed powder and second-component wild jujube seed powder with different classifications, and weighing;
step four: firstly, respectively filling the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed powder in different classifications in the third step into different filter paper bags, refluxing for 10 times by taking petroleum ether as an extractant, volatilizing the petroleum ether by adopting a rotary evaporator after the refluxing is finished, weighing the quality of the generated grease after the petroleum ether is completely volatilized, and finally respectively calculating the oil contents of the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed according to the grease content.
The further improvement is that: in the second step, the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: the first component of the spina date seeds are respectively sieved by a 5-mesh sieve, a 6-mesh sieve and a 7-mesh sieve, and the first component of the spina date seeds are classified into four types according to the sizes of less than 7 meshes, less than 6 meshes and more than 7 meshes, less than 5 meshes and more than 6 meshes and more than 5 meshes.
The further improvement is that: in the second step, the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: the first component of the wild jujube seed is classified into four types of yellow seed coats a, purple seed coats b, purple seed coats c and brown seed coats d according to the seed coat colors.
The further improvement is that: in the second step, the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: the first component of the wild jujube seed is classified into glossy and matt according to the seed coat.
The further improvement is that: in the second step, the wet heat treatment method of the second component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: uniformly wetting the surface of the second component of the spina date seeds with sterile water, equally dividing the surface into five groups, respectively placing the five groups into sealing bags, placing a sterile water-soaked absorbent cotton ball into the sealing bags, then placing four sealing bags into an insulation box for insulation at 40 ℃, and dividing the five sealing bags into five groups according to insulation time of 0d, 1d, 2d, 3d and 4 d.
The further improvement is that: in the second step, the wet heat treatment method of the second component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, drying the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the shade to constant weight, then, equally dividing the dried second component of the wild jujube seeds into three groups, respectively placing the three groups of wild jujube seeds into sealed bags, adding tap water, respectively placing the three sealed bags into the sealed bags, wherein the mass of tap water in the three sealed bags is 10%, 20% and 40% of that of the second component of the wild jujube seeds, and then placing the three sealed bags into an insulation box to perform insulation for 1d at 40 ℃.
The further improvement is that: in the second step, the wet heat treatment method of the second component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, drying the second component of the spina date seeds in the shade to constant weight, then, equally dividing the dried second component of the spina date seeds into four components, respectively, putting the four components into a sealing bag, adding tap water, wherein the tap water accounts for 20% of the second component of the spina date seeds in the sealing bag, and then, putting the four sealing bags into an insulation box and respectively performing insulation at 4 ℃, 25 ℃,40 ℃ and 50 ℃ for 1d.
The further improvement is that: in the third step, the first component of the wild jujube seed and the second component of the wild jujube seed are continuously dried twice in an electrothermal blowing drying oven at the temperature of 50 ℃, and the quality difference after the twice drying is not more than 0.0003g.
The further improvement is that: in the fourth step, the oil content calculation formula is:
oil content (%) =n/m×100%
Wherein n is the mass of grease, and m is the mass of the spina date seed powder.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the two groups of spina date seeds are divided into two groups, and the two groups of spina date seeds are treated by adopting different screening and classifying methods and different wet and heat treatment methods respectively, and then the treated spina date seeds are ground into powder, and grease in the powder is extracted, so that not only can the influence of different phenotypes of the spina date seeds on the oil content of the spina date seeds be determined, but also the influence of pretreatment parameters of the spina date seeds on the oil content of the spina date seeds in the pretreatment process of increasing the oil content of the spina date seeds can be determined, and further the optimal screening conditions and pretreatment parameters can be obtained in the production process of the spina date seed grease, so that the production efficiency of the spina date seed oil is improved to a certain extent, the efficient extraction of the spina date seed oil is facilitated, and good economic benefits can be brought.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing screening and classifying of first component semen Ziziphi Spinosae according to the first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the measurement of the oil content of the first component of the semen Ziziphi Spinosae in the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the measurement of the oil content of the second component of the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing screening and classifying of first component semen Ziziphi Spinosae in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the measurement of the oil content of the first component of the spina date seed according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the measurement of the oil content of the second component of the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the screening and classifying of first-component semen Ziziphi Spinosae in the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the measurement of the oil content of the first component of the spina date seed according to the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the measurement of the oil content of the second component of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the embodiment provides a method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fat liquoring methods, which comprises the following steps:
step one: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining wild jujube seeds from wild jujubes harvested in the current year, namely wild jujube seeds, removing wild jujube seeds and impurities which are obviously damaged, wrinkled and mildewed in the obtained wild jujube seeds, and then equally dividing the wild jujube seeds with the impurities removed into a first component and a second component;
step two: screening and classifying the first component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step based on the phenotype characteristics of the wild jujube seeds, preprocessing the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step by adopting a damp-heat treatment method for improving the grease content of the wild jujube seeds, and classifying according to different preprocessing parameters;
the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: screening the first component semen Ziziphi Spinosae with 5 mesh, 6 mesh and 7 mesh sieve, and classifying the first component semen Ziziphi Spinosae into a, b, c, d according to the size of less than 7 mesh, less than 6 mesh and more than 7 mesh, less than 5 mesh and more than 6 mesh and more than 5 mesh, as shown in figure 2;
the specific steps of preprocessing the second component of the wild jujube seed are as follows: uniformly wetting the surface of the second component of the spina date seeds with sterile water, equally dividing the surface into five groups, respectively placing the five groups into sealing bags, placing a sterile water-soaked absorbent cotton ball into the sealing bags, then placing four sealing bags into an insulation box for insulation at 40 ℃, and dividing the five sealing bags into five groups according to insulation time of 0d, 1d, 2d, 3d and 4 d;
step three: firstly, continuously drying the first component spine date seeds and the second component spine date seeds which are classified in the second step twice in an electrothermal blowing drying oven at 50 ℃, enabling the quality difference after the twice drying to be not more than 0.0003g, respectively grinding into powder by adopting a grinder, obtaining first component spine date seed powder and second component spine date seed powder with different classifications, and weighing;
step four: firstly, respectively filling the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed powder in different classifications in the step three into different filter paper bags, refluxing for 10 times by taking petroleum ether as an extractant, volatilizing the petroleum ether by adopting a rotary evaporator after the refluxing is finished, weighing the mass of generated grease after the petroleum ether is completely volatilized, and finally respectively calculating the oil contents of the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed according to the content of the grease, wherein the oil content calculation formula is as follows:
oil content (%) =n/m×100%
Wherein n is the mass of grease, and m is the mass of the spina date seed powder.
According to calculation, the oil contents of the a, b, c, d four types of wild jujube seeds in the first component wild jujube seeds in the embodiment are respectively as follows: a (29.66 +/-2.64)%, b (36.94 +/-3.49)%, c (33.69+/-2.42)%, d (30.67+/-2.36)%, b and c are obviously higher than a and d (n=7, P < 0.05), as shown in figure 3, the oil content of the super-large or super-small seed is lower, the oil content of the b is highest, and the c is inferior;
the oil contents of the five types of spina date seeds in the second component spina date seeds in this example are calculated as follows: 0d (32.91 +/-1.62)%, 1d (38.15+/-1.37)%, 2d (37.42 +/-1.51)%, 3d (36.52+/-1.49)%, and 4d (33.71 +/-1.58)%, wherein the oil content of the 1d treatment is higher than that of other times, the difference is obvious (n=7, and P is less than 0.05), as shown in fig. 4, therefore, under the damp-heat condition, the oil content of the spina date seeds is obviously influenced by different treatment times, and the 1d treatment effect is the best.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, 5, 6 and 7, the embodiment provides a method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fat liquoring methods, which comprises the following steps:
step one: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining wild jujube seeds from wild jujubes harvested in the current year, namely wild jujube seeds, removing wild jujube seeds and impurities which are obviously damaged, wrinkled and mildewed in the obtained wild jujube seeds, and then equally dividing the wild jujube seeds with the impurities removed into a first component and a second component;
step two: screening and classifying the first component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step based on the phenotype characteristics of the wild jujube seeds, preprocessing the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step by adopting a damp-heat treatment method for improving the grease content of the wild jujube seeds, and classifying according to different preprocessing parameters;
the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: the first component of the wild jujube is classified according to the colors of seed coats, namely yellow seed coat a, purple seed coat b, purple seed coat c and brown seed coat d, as shown in fig. 5, a color difference meter (on a forest, model is LS 173) is adopted to define the colors of the first component of the wild jujube, wherein L is a dark and light value, M is a red and green value, N is a yellow and blue value, and the yellow seed coat a, the purple seed coat b, the purple seed coat c and the brown seed coat d are specifically:
yellow seed coat a color, L value: 45-55, M value: 20 to 30, N value: 22-32;
purple seed coat b color, L value: 36-41, M value: 15 to 25, N value: 10 to 15 percent;
purple brown seed coat c color, L value: 32 to 37, M value: 11 to 16, N value: 5 to 10;
brown seed coat d color, L value: 30-40, M value: -10 to 7, n value: 0 to 10;
the specific steps of preprocessing the second component of the wild jujube seed are as follows: firstly, drying the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the shade to constant weight, then equally dividing the dried second component of the wild jujube seeds into three groups, respectively placing the three groups of wild jujube seeds into sealed bags, adding tap water into the sealed bags, wherein the mass of tap water in the three sealed bags is respectively 10%, 20% and 40% of that of the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the three sealed bags, and then placing the three sealed bags into an insulation box to perform insulation for 1d at 40 ℃;
step three: firstly, continuously drying the first component spine date seeds and the second component spine date seeds which are classified in the second step twice in an electrothermal blowing drying oven at 50 ℃, enabling the quality difference after the twice drying to be not more than 0.0003g, respectively grinding into powder by adopting a grinder, obtaining first component spine date seed powder and second component spine date seed powder with different classifications, and weighing;
step four: firstly, respectively filling the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed powder in different classifications in the step three into different filter paper bags, refluxing for 10 times by taking petroleum ether as an extractant, volatilizing the petroleum ether by adopting a rotary evaporator after the refluxing is finished, weighing the mass of generated grease after the petroleum ether is completely volatilized, and finally respectively calculating the oil contents of the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed according to the content of the grease, wherein the oil content calculation formula is as follows:
oil content (%) =n/m×100%
Wherein n is the mass of grease, and m is the mass of the spina date seed powder.
According to calculation, the oil contents of the a, b, c, d four types of wild jujube seeds in the first component wild jujube seeds in the embodiment are respectively as follows: a (31.8+/-2.11)%, b (32.23+/-2.22)%, c (27.23+/-1.81)% and d (27.70+/-2.13)%, wherein a and b are obviously higher than b and c (n=7 and P is less than 0.05), as shown in fig. 6, the seed coat color has obvious influence on the oil content of the wild jujube seeds, a and b are light-colored seeds, c and d are dark-colored seeds, and the oil content of the light-colored seeds is obviously higher than that of the Shen-colored seeds;
the oil contents of the three types of wild jujube seeds in the second component wild jujube seeds in this example are calculated as follows: the oil content of 10% of water is 35.89 +/-2.13%, the oil content of 20% of water is 38.11 +/-1.93%, the oil content of 40% of water is 37.67+/-1.03%, the oil content of 20% of water is higher than that of other water, the difference is obvious (n=11, P is less than 0.05), as shown in figure 7, under the damp and hot condition, the oil content of the spina date seeds is obviously affected by different water addition treatment, and the water addition treatment effect of 20% is best.
Example III
Referring to fig. 1, 8, 9 and 10, the embodiment provides a method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fat liquoring methods, which comprises the following steps:
step one: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining wild jujube seeds from wild jujubes harvested in the current year, namely wild jujube seeds, removing wild jujube seeds and impurities which are obviously damaged, wrinkled and mildewed in the obtained wild jujube seeds, and then equally dividing the wild jujube seeds with the impurities removed into a first component and a second component;
step two: screening and classifying the first component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step based on the phenotype characteristics of the wild jujube seeds, preprocessing the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step by adopting a damp-heat treatment method for improving the grease content of the wild jujube seeds, and classifying according to different preprocessing parameters;
the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: classifying the first component semen Ziziphi Spinosae into glossy type a and matt type b according to seed coat mattness, as shown in figure 8;
the specific steps of preprocessing the second component of the wild jujube seed are as follows: drying the second component of the spina date seeds in the shade to constant weight, equally dividing the dried second component of the spina date seeds into four components, respectively placing the four components into sealed bags, adding tap water, wherein the tap water accounts for 20% of the second component of the spina date seeds in the sealed bags, placing the four sealed bags into an insulation box, and respectively performing insulation at 4 ℃, 25 ℃,40 ℃ and 50 ℃ for 1d;
step three: firstly, continuously drying the first component spine date seeds and the second component spine date seeds which are classified in the second step twice in an electrothermal blowing drying oven at 50 ℃, enabling the quality difference after the twice drying to be not more than 0.0003g, respectively grinding into powder by adopting a grinder, obtaining first component spine date seed powder and second component spine date seed powder with different classifications, and weighing;
step four: firstly, respectively filling the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed powder in different classifications in the step three into different filter paper bags, refluxing for 10 times by taking petroleum ether as an extractant, volatilizing the petroleum ether by adopting a rotary evaporator after the refluxing is finished, weighing the mass of generated grease after the petroleum ether is completely volatilized, and finally respectively calculating the oil contents of the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed according to the content of the grease, wherein the oil content calculation formula is as follows:
oil content (%) =n/m×100%
Wherein n is the mass of grease, and m is the mass of the spina date seed powder.
According to calculation, the oil contents of the two types of wild jujube seeds a and b in the wild jujube seed of the first component in the embodiment are respectively as follows: a (32.38 +/-2.13)%, b (34.12+/-1.92)%, b is higher than a, and the difference is obvious (n=7, P is less than 0.05), as shown in fig. 9, the gloss of the seed coats has a remarkable effect on the oil content of the wild jujube seeds, and the oil content of the wild jujube seeds with dark and matt seed coats or weak gloss is higher than that of the wild jujube seeds with obvious gloss;
the oil contents of the four types of the wild jujube seeds in the second component wild jujube seeds in this example are calculated as follows: the oil content at 4℃was (31.82.+ -. 2.42)%, the oil content at 25℃was (32.15.+ -. 2.35)%, the oil content at 40℃was (36.53.+ -. 1.12)% and the oil content at 50℃was (21.53.+ -. 1.35)%, the oil content at 40℃was higher than the other water addition amounts, and the difference was significant (n=5, P < 0.05), as shown in FIG. 10.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fat increasing methods is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining wild jujube seeds from wild jujubes harvested in the current year, namely wild jujube seeds, removing wild jujube seeds and impurities which are obviously damaged, wrinkled and mildewed in the obtained wild jujube seeds, and then equally dividing the wild jujube seeds with the impurities removed into a first component and a second component;
step two: screening and classifying the first component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step based on the phenotype characteristics of the wild jujube seeds, preprocessing the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the first step by adopting a damp-heat treatment method for improving the grease content of the wild jujube seeds, and classifying according to different preprocessing parameters;
step three: firstly, drying the first-component wild jujube seed and the second-component wild jujube seed which are classified in the second step to constant weight, respectively grinding into powder by adopting a grinder to obtain first-component wild jujube seed powder and second-component wild jujube seed powder with different classifications, and weighing;
step four: firstly, respectively filling the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed powder in different classifications in the third step into different filter paper bags, refluxing for 10 times by taking petroleum ether as an extractant, volatilizing the petroleum ether by adopting a rotary evaporator after the refluxing is finished, weighing the quality of the generated grease after the petroleum ether is completely volatilized, and finally respectively calculating the oil contents of the first component and the second component of the wild jujube seed according to the grease content.
2. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: the first component of the spina date seeds are respectively sieved by a 5-mesh sieve, a 6-mesh sieve and a 7-mesh sieve, and the first component of the spina date seeds are classified into four types according to the sizes of less than 7 meshes, less than 6 meshes and more than 7 meshes, less than 5 meshes and more than 6 meshes and more than 5 meshes.
3. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: the first component of the wild jujube seed is classified into four types of yellow seed coats a, purple seed coats b, purple seed coats c and brown seed coats d according to the seed coat colors.
4. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the screening and classifying method of the first component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: the first component of the wild jujube seed is classified into glossy and matt according to the seed coat.
5. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the wet heat treatment method of the second component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: uniformly wetting the surface of the second component of the spina date seeds with sterile water, equally dividing the surface into five groups, respectively placing the five groups into sealing bags, placing a sterile water-soaked absorbent cotton ball into the sealing bags, then placing four sealing bags into an insulation box for insulation at 40 ℃, and dividing the five sealing bags into five groups according to insulation time of 0d, 1d, 2d, 3d and 4 d.
6. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the wet heat treatment method of the second component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, drying the second component of the wild jujube seeds in the shade to constant weight, then, equally dividing the dried second component of the wild jujube seeds into three groups, respectively placing the three groups of wild jujube seeds into sealed bags, adding tap water, respectively placing the three sealed bags into the sealed bags, wherein the mass of tap water in the three sealed bags is 10%, 20% and 40% of that of the second component of the wild jujube seeds, and then placing the three sealed bags into an insulation box to perform insulation for 1d at 40 ℃.
7. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the wet heat treatment method of the second component of the wild jujube seed specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, drying the second component of the spina date seeds in the shade to constant weight, then, equally dividing the dried second component of the spina date seeds into four components, respectively, putting the four components into a sealing bag, adding tap water, wherein the tap water accounts for 20% of the second component of the spina date seeds in the sealing bag, and then, putting the four sealing bags into an insulation box and respectively performing insulation at 4 ℃, 25 ℃,40 ℃ and 50 ℃ for 1d.
8. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the third step, the first component of the wild jujube seed and the second component of the wild jujube seed are continuously dried twice in an electrothermal blowing drying oven at the temperature of 50 ℃, and the quality difference after the twice drying is not more than 0.0003g.
9. The method for measuring the oil content of the spina date seeds under different sorting and different fatting methods according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the fourth step, the oil content calculation formula is:
oil content (%) =n/m×100%
Wherein n is the mass of grease, and m is the mass of the spina date seed powder.
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