CN116601884A - Techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of millimeter wave blocking - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A User Equipment (UE) may communicate with other network devices as part of a wireless communication system. The UE may identify a blockage corresponding to one or more antenna arrays of the set of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights, which may correspond to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays. The UE may switch from beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The UE may then determine a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The UE may then communicate using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

Description

Techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of millimeter wave blocking

Cross Reference to Related Applications

The present patent application claims U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/130227 entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR DYNAMIC BEAMFORMING MITIGATION OF MILLIMETER WAVE BLOCKAGES" filed on even date 12/23 in 2020 by RAGHAVAN et al; united states patent application No. 17/457896 entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR DYNAMIC BEAMFORMING MITIGATION OF MILLIMETER WAVE block" filed by raggacan et al at 2021, 12, 6; each of the above applications is assigned to the assignee of the present application.

Technical Field

For example, the present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more particularly to techniques for user-based mitigation of near field interference at a user device.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-advanced (LTE-a) systems, or LTE-a Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ techniques such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), or discrete fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously support communication for multiple communication devices, which may also be referred to as User Equipment (UE).

The UE may be equipped with one or more antenna arrays that the UE may use to transmit and receive wireless signals. The UE may operate according to a beamforming communication configuration in which an antenna array may transmit and receive signals using beams that are combined and in phase at the radio frequencies of interest and communicate with other wireless devices. Objects such as buildings, vehicles, people, and other obstructions may interfere with communications at the UE. The UE may experience different interference at each antenna array based on the location and type of the obstacle.

Disclosure of Invention

The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatus supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of millimeter wave (mmW) blocking. For example, the described techniques provide for a User Equipment (UE) to mitigate blocking (e.g., near field interference), such as a user's hand or body, by updating beam weights in a beam forming communication system. The UE may identify a blockage corresponding to one or more antenna arrays of the set of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights, which may correspond to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays. The UE may switch from a beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to a beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook based on identifying the blockage. The UE may then determine a second set of beam weights to use for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The UE may then communicate using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beam forming codebook of the one or more antenna arrays, switching from beam weight determination based on the static beam forming codebook to beam weight determination based on the dynamic beam forming codebook, determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beam forming codebook, and communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the device to: based on identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beam forming codebook of the one or more antenna arrays, switching from beam weight determination based on the static beam forming codebook to beam weight determination based on the dynamic beam forming codebook, determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beam forming codebook, and communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beam forming codebook of the one or more antenna arrays, means for switching from beam weight determination based on the static beam forming codebook to beam weight determination based on the dynamic beam forming codebook, means for determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beam forming codebook, and means for communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: based on identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beam forming codebook of the one or more antenna arrays, switching from beam weight determination based on the static beam forming codebook to beam weight determination based on the dynamic beam forming codebook, determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beam forming codebook, and communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, elements, or instructions to measure one or more channel conditions using a set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) symbols, where determining the second set of beam weights may be based on measuring the one or more channel conditions.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions for: a subset of the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols is selected based on a dynamic beamforming codebook associated with a dynamic beamforming codebook-based beamforming weight determination and one or more beam weights corresponding to each aperiodic CSI-RS symbol of the subset are estimated, wherein determining the second set of beam weights may be based on the estimated one or more beam weights.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, estimating one or more beam weights may include operations, features, elements, or instructions to estimate signal strengths of a subset of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols and determine a set of beam directions based on the estimated signal strengths.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, elements, or instructions to estimate a phase shift of one or more beam weights based on the subset of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, where estimating the one or more beam weights may be based on estimating the phase shift.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, elements, or instructions to estimate amplitude control adaptation of one or more beam weights based on the subset of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, where estimating the one or more beam weights may be based on estimating the amplitude control adaptation.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the dynamic beamforming codebook corresponds to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations that may be loaded from a slow memory of the UE, and the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a second threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols may be based on an allocation of a base station.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, elements, or instructions to send a request for a number and location of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols and receive a set of the aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, where measuring the one or more channel conditions may be based on receiving the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the environmental condition is detected by one or more sensors, wherein identifying the occlusion may be based on detecting the condition using the one or more sensors.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the one or more sensors include radar sensors, frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensors, light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors, accelerometers, tachometers, proximity sensors, gyroscopes, magnetometers, light sensors, touch sensors, or combinations thereof.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the occlusion may be a hand or body of a user holding the UE.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, elements, or instructions to perform machine learning analysis on one or more conditions in an environment, wherein identifying congestion may be based on performing machine learning analysis by accumulating a history of at least one of a beam management report including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state and associated Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), feedback of Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs) by UEs, rank Indicators (RI) and Precoding Matrix Indicators (PMIs) used at a base station, base station messages, or hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) messages, or a combination thereof.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, elements, or instructions to apply the determined second set of beam weights to the plurality of antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, elements, or instructions to determine that signal strengths associated with one or more antenna arrays meet a signal strength threshold, wherein identifying a blockage may be based on determining that the signal strengths meet the signal strength threshold and transmitting a request to receive one or more aperiodic CSI-RS symbols based on the determination.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the signal strength threshold includes RSRP corresponding to the first set of beam weights.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the static beamforming codebook corresponds to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations that may be based on a fast memory of the UE, and the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a first threshold level of a size of the one or more antenna arrays.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a UE operates in a mmW radio frequency spectrum band greater than 24.25 gigahertz (GHz).

Drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of millimeter wave (mmW) blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a process flow supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 6 illustrates a block diagram of a communication manager supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 7 illustrates a diagram of a system including an apparatus supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 8 shows a flow chart illustrating a method of supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 shows a flow chart illustrating a method of supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 10 shows a flow chart illustrating a method of supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

Detailed Description

A User Equipment (UE) may communicate with one or more other devices in a wireless communication system. The UE may communicate with the base station or another network component by sending uplink communications to the base station and receiving downlink communications from the base station. The UE may also communicate with other UEs, such as in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication system, which may be an example of a side-uplink communication system.

The UE may communicate using a set of antenna arrays (whether downlink, uplink, or side-downlink communication is used) based on a beamforming communication procedure. Each antenna array may be excited with a set of beams from a static beamforming codebook. Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a UE to shape or steer an antenna beam along a spatial path between the UE and a receiving device (e.g., a base station or another UE). The UE may utilize a transmit beam and a receive beam. The UE may transmit signals using a transmit beam that may be received by a receive beam of the other device.

Since the beams correspond to different antenna arrays of the UE, interference to the antenna arrays may affect the transmission and reception of the UE beams. The beam may be blocked by an obstacle in the vicinity of the UE (e.g., near field interference) or a remote obstacle (e.g., far field interference), or the UE may be subject to interference from other wireless communications. For example, the hand of a user holding the UE may be an example of an obstacle in the vicinity of the UE that may interfere with the UE's transmit beam and the reception of the beam. The UE may perform beam quality measurements and in the case of low quality measurements, the UE may take steps to adjust the beam, switch the beam, or otherwise respond to mitigate potential interference.

One situation of an obstacle in the vicinity of the UE may be a user of the UE. For example, when operating the UE, the user's hand or body may partially or fully cover one or more sets of antenna arrays of the UE. Thus, a hand may be an example of near field interference that may reduce the quality of communication with a UE. In some examples, based on the angle of the antenna assembly relative to the position of the hand, blockage from the hand may result in significant levels of interference (e.g., 2-20dB or more depending on the grip of the hand, the nature of the hand, the number of antenna elements in the antenna array, or other parameters). To mitigate interference, the UE may determine to switch an antenna array (e.g., an antenna assembly or panel), or to switch beams within an antenna panel. For example, the UE may switch beams with a lower delay for beam switching relative to the time during which the data interruption may be accepted. The low delay beam switching may depend on the quality of the UE hardware and when the associated radio frequency and beam switching delays are possible. Furthermore, beam switching may cause additional overhead in control channel communications. Thus, there may be some situations where beam switching may cause delay and overhead, which may reduce efficiency.

In some cases, the UE may instead update the beam weights of the beamforming communication configuration. The UE may use one or more sensors to sense interference (e.g., a hand near the UE). For example, the sensor may comprise a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar or light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor, which may sense a hand or finger around or near the antenna array. The UE may measure the quality of the beam of the antenna array and the UE may determine that the beam quality has fallen below a threshold. Based on the decrease in beam quality and sensor data identifying obstructions (e.g., hands near the UE), the UE may determine new beam weights estimated to be applied to one or more antenna arrays. The estimation of the new beam weights may be based on beam weight determination based on a dynamic codebook, which may include additional estimates of parameters such as phase shifters and amplitude control settings, which may be different from the phase shifters and amplitude control settings determined based on beam weights of a static codebook.

Aspects of the present disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communication system. Aspects of the disclosure are then described in the context of process flows. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to device, system, and flow diagrams relating to dynamic beamforming mitigation techniques of millimeter wave (mmW) blocking.

Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-advanced (LTE-a) network, an LTE-a Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, communications with low cost and low complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

The base stations 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may be devices of different forms or with different capabilities. The base station 105 and the UE 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 may provide a coverage area 110 and ues 115 and base stations 105 may establish one or more communication links 125 over the coverage area 110. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which base stations 105 and UEs 115 may support signal communications in accordance with one or more radio access technologies.

The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100 and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UE 115 may be a different form or device with different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the UEs 115 described herein may communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, base stations 105, or network devices (e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network devices).

The base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the base station 105 may interface with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). The base stations 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., through the core network 130) or both, through the backhaul link 120 (e.g., via X2, xn, or other interfaces). In some examples, the backhaul link 120 may be or include one or more wireless links.

One or more base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by those of ordinary skill in the art as base transceiver stations, radio base stations, access points, radio transceivers, nodes B, eNodeB (enbs), next-generation or gigabit nodebs (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), home nodebs, home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology.

The UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where "device" may also be referred to as a unit, station, terminal, or client, among other examples. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular telephone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, the UE 115 may include or be referred to as a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, an internet of things (IoT) device, an internet of everything (IoE) device, or a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, and the like.

The UEs 115 described herein are capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays, as well as base stations 105 and network devices including macro enbs or gnbs, small cell enbs or gnbs or relay base stations, and the like, as shown in fig. 1.

The UE 115 and the base station 105 may communicate wirelessly with each other over one or more carriers via one or more communication links 125. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of radio frequency resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication link 125. For example, the carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) of a radio frequency spectrum band operating in accordance with one or more physical layer channels of a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE-A, LTE-a Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling to coordinate carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. The UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) component carriers.

In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. The carrier may be associated with a frequency channel, such as an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN), and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by the UE 115. The carrier may operate in an standalone mode, where the UE 115 may initially acquire and connect via the carrier, or the carrier may operate in a non-standalone mode, where a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., the same or different radio access technology).

The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include an uplink transmission from the UE 115 to the base station 105 or a downlink transmission from the base station 105 to the UE 115. The carrier may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

The carrier may be associated with a corresponding bandwidth of the radio spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a plurality of determined bandwidths (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)) for carriers of respective radio access technologies. Devices of wireless communication system 100 (e.g., base station 105, UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication over respective carrier bandwidths or may be configured to support communication over one carrier bandwidth of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, wireless communication system 100 may include a base station 105 or UE 115 that supports simultaneous communication via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate over a portion (e.g., sub-band, BWP) or the entire carrier bandwidth.

The signal waveform transmitted on the carrier may be composed of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may include one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements that the UE 115 receives, and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate of the UE 115 may be. The wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of radio spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate or data integrity for communication with the UE 115.

One or more digital schemes of the carrier may be supported, where the digital scheme may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. The carrier wave may be divided into one or more BWP with the same or different digital schemes. In some examples, UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWP. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time, and communication for UE 115 may be limited to one or more active BWPs.

The time interval of the base station 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, e.g., the basic time unit may refer to T _s ＝1/(Δf _max ·N _f ) Sampling period of seconds, Δf _max Can represent the maximum subcarrier spacing supported and N _f The maximum size of the supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) may be represented. The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a plurality of slots. Alternatively, each frame mayA variable number of time slots is included and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include multiple symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix preceding each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems, a time slot may be further divided into a plurality of minislots containing one or more symbols. In addition to the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N _f A number) of sampling periods. The duration of the symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or radio frequency spectrum band of operation.

A subframe, slot, minislot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a Transmission Time Interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTI)) may be dynamically selected.

Physical channels may be multiplexed on carriers according to various techniques. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier using one or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. The control region (e.g., control resource set (CORESET)) of the physical control channel may be defined by a plurality of symbol periods and may extend over a subset of the system bandwidth or the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) may be configured for a group of UEs 115. For example, one or more of UEs 115 may monitor or search for control areas for control information according to one or more sets of search spaces, and each set of search spaces may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates may refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control Channel Elements (CCEs)) associated with the coding information in the control information format having a given payload size. The set of search spaces may include a common set of search spaces configured to transmit control information to a plurality of UEs 115 and a UE-specific set of search spaces configured to transmit control information to a particular UE 115.

Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, such as a macrocell, a small cell, a hotspot, or other type of cell, or any combination thereof. The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity for communicating with the base station 105 (e.g., via a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a Physical Cell Identifier (PCID), a Virtual Cell Identifier (VCID), or otherwise) for distinguishing between neighboring cells. In some examples, a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area 110 or a portion (e.g., a sector) of geographic coverage area 110 over which a logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas, depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the base station 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of buildings, or an outside space between or overlapping geographic coverage areas 110, etc.

A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network providers supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower power base station 105 than a macro cell and may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) radio frequency spectrum band as the macro cell. The small cell may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with the small cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). The base station 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communication over one or more cells using one or more component carriers.

In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access for different types of devices.

In some examples, the base station 105 may be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for a mobile geographic coverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of base stations 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110.

The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations 105 may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations 105 may have different frame timings, and in some examples, transmissions from different base stations 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for synchronous or asynchronous operation.

Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automatic communication between machines (e.g., through machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to a data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with the base station 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communications or MTC may include communications from devices integrating sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that utilizes or presents the information to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or to implement automated behavior of a machine or other device. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, device monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.

Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ a reduced power consumption mode of operation, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communications through transmission or reception, but does not support simultaneous transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power saving techniques for UE 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communication, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or Resource Blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.

The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) or mission critical communication. The UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions (e.g., mission critical functions). The ultra-reliable communication may include a dedicated communication or a group communication, and may be supported by one or more mission critical services, such as mission critical push-to-talk (MCPTT), mission critical video (MCVideo), or mission critical data (MCData). Support for mission critical functions may include prioritization of services, and mission critical services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission-critical, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

In some examples, the UE 115 is also capable of directly communicating with other UEs 115 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocols). One or more UEs 115 utilizing D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of the base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside of the geographic coverage area 110 of the base station 105 or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from the base station 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, the base station 105 facilitates scheduling resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between UEs 115 without involving base station 105.

In some systems, D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a side-uplink communication channel between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115). In some examples, the vehicle may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these communications. The vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergency, or any other information related to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in the V2X system may communicate with road side infrastructure, such as road side units, using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with the network through one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations 105), or with both.

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or a 5G core (5 GC) that may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) that manages access and mobility and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnections to an external network (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a User Plane Function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the core network 130. The user IP packets may be transmitted through a user plane entity that may provide IP address assignment as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet switched streaming services.

Some network devices, such as base station 105, may include subcomponents, such as access network entity 140, which may be an example of an Access Node Controller (ANC). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with UEs 115 through one or more other access network transport entities 145, which access network transport entities 145 may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission/reception points (TRPs). Each access network transport entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some examples, the various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or incorporated into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more radio frequency spectrum bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). For example, the region from 300MHz to 3GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the length of the wavelength is in the range of about one decimeter to one meter. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by building and environmental features, but the waves may penetrate the structure sufficiently to enable the macrocell to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km) than transmission of smaller frequencies and longer waves using the High Frequency (HF) or Very High Frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in the ultra-high frequency (SHF) region using a radio frequency spectrum band (also referred to as a centimeter-band) from 3GHz to 30GHz, or in the extremely-high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30GHz to 300 GHz) (also referred to as a millimeter-band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support mmW communication between the UE 115 and the base station 105, and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate the use of an antenna array within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be used across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the designated use of frequency bands across these frequency regions may vary from country to country or regulatory agency.

The wireless communication system 100 may use licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may use Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in unlicensed frequency bands such as the 5GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands. Devices such as base station 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance when operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. In some examples, operation in the unlicensed band may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration and component carriers operating in the licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in the unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, D2D transmission, or the like.

Base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located with an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with base station 105 may be located in different geographic locations. The base station 105 may have an antenna array with multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming for communication with the UEs 115. Also, UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming of signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

Base station 105 or UE 115 may use MIMO communication to take advantage of multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. For example, the transmitting device may transmit multiple signals via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, multiple signals may be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the plurality of signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or a different data stream (e.g., a different codeword). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., base station 105, UE 115) to shape or steer antenna beams (e.g., transmit beams, receive beams) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating in certain directions relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference while other signals experience destructive interference. The adjustment of the signal transmitted via the antenna element may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to the signal carried via the antenna element associated with the device. The adjustment associated with each antenna element may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with the respective azimuth (e.g., relative to an antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other azimuth).

The base station 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning techniques as part of the beamforming operation. For example, the base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) for beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by the base station 105 in different directions. For example, the base station 105 may transmit signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device such as base station 105, or by a receiving device such as UE 115) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by base station 105.

The base station 105 may transmit some signals, e.g., data signals associated with respective receiving devices, in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device (e.g., UE 115)). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, the UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station 105 in different directions and may report to the base station 105 an indication of the signal received by the UE 115 with the highest signal quality or with other acceptable signal quality.

In some examples, the transmission of a device (e.g., base station 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from base station 105 to UE 115). The UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions and the feedback may correspond to a number of configurations of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRSs), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)), which may be precoded or not precoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel codebook, a linear combined codebook, and a port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by base station 105 in one or more directions, UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115) or for transmitting signals in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

Upon receiving various signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from the base station 105, a receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may attempt a variety of reception configurations (e.g., directional listening). For example, the receiving device may attempt multiple receiving directions by: the received signals are received via different antenna sub-arrays, processed according to different antenna sub-arrays, received according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different sets of directional listening weights), or processed according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. The Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority processing and multiplex logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between the UE 115 and the base station 105 or the core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.

The UE 115 and the base station 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the likelihood of successfully receiving the data. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood of correctly receiving data over the communication link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)), forward Error Correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput of the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions). In some examples, a device may support HARQ feedback for the same slot, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a particular slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent time slot or according to some other time interval.

UE 115 may mitigate near field interference, such as a user's hand or body, by updating beam weights in a beam forming communication system. UE 115 may identify a blockage corresponding to one or more antenna arrays of the set of antenna arrays based on using the first set of beam weights. The first set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays may have been determined using a static beamforming codebook. The UE 115 may switch from a static beamforming codebook based beam weight determination to a dynamic beamforming codebook based beam weight determination based on identifying the blockage. UE 115 may then determine a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The UE 115 may then communicate using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. The UEs 215-a and 215-b may communicate with each other UE 215 and with base station 230 as described with respect to fig. 1. UE 215 may be an example of UE 115 as described with respect to fig. 1. Base station 230 may be an example of base station 105 as described with respect to fig. 1. UE 215-a may include antenna array 210-a, antenna array 210-b, antenna array 210-c, and antenna array 210-d. Each antenna array 210 may transmit and receive communications using a beam 205. For example, antenna array 210-a may communicate using beam 205-a, beam 205-b, and beam 205-c. Antenna array 210-b may communicate using beams 205-d, 205-e, and 205-f.

In some cases, UE 215-a may communicate with base station 230 by transmitting uplink communications to base station 230 using beam 205 and receiving downlink communications from base station 230 using beam 205. In some cases, UE 215-a may communicate with UE 215-b by transmitting and receiving side uplink communications using beam 205, and the techniques described herein may be applied to side uplink communications. The UE 215-a, UE 215-b, and base station 230 may communicate in different radio frequency spectrum bands, including mmW and sub-6 GHz radio frequency spectrum bands, which may include a frequency range 2 (FR 2) from 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz, and a frequency range 4 (FR 4) and sub-terahertz (THz) frequencies from 52.6GHz to 114.25GHz, which may cover 114.25 to 300 GHz. The base station 230 and the UE 215-b may also communicate by transmitting and receiving using a set of transmit and receive beams 205. The beam 205 may operate according to a pair of beam weights, where each beam weight corresponds to the use of a phase shifter and amplitude control arrangement that may excite one polarization in a two-layer MIMO polarization based transmission. The beam 205 may also be associated with polarization parameters, orbital angular momentum parameters, or spin-based parameters. Each of these parameters may be changed to increase transmit and receive diversity of the beam set 205.

The blocker 220 may interfere with communications to and from the UE 215-a by interfering with transmissions and receptions to and from the antenna array 210-a. The blockage 220 may be an example of a hand of the user holding the UE 215-a. UE 215-a may identify that blockage 220 is a user's hand. For example, the UE 215-a may sense the presence of the blockage 220 using one or more of FMCW radar, LIDAR sensor, accelerometer, tachometer, proximity sensor, gyroscope, light sensor, touch sensor, or other sensor. In some cases, the UE 215-a may utilize machine learning analysis to determine the presence and type (e.g., hand) of the obstruction 220. The machine learning analysis may be based on historical data analysis of previous obstructions, types of obstructions, measured signal and interference levels, and measurements of sensors described herein. The machine learning analysis may also be based on a cumulative history of Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) states, associated Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, channel Quality Indicators (CQIs), rank Indicators (RIs), precoding Matrix Indicators (PMIs) to be used at the base station 230, base station control and data signaling to the UE 215-a, HARQ signaling, or a combination of these.

Thus, UE 215-a may identify congestion 220. The UE 215-a may also measure a quality metric for each of the beams 205-a, 205-b, and 205-c. The quality measurements may include one or more of reference RSRP measurements, reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) measurements, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurements, and other types of quality measurements. The UE 215-a may also measure or record beam patterns (e.g., beam width, beam steering direction, side lobe levels, and other parameters). Based on the measurements, the UE 215-a may determine that the signal quality of one or more of the beams 205-a, 205-b, and 205-c may satisfy a signal strength threshold (e.g., a low quality threshold), which may indicate that the interference is significant, or at an influential or attenuated level. The signal strength threshold may indicate that beam changes or different antenna components or different transmit-receive points (TRPs) may be used. There may also be situations where such variations may be excluded. Thus, based on a determination that the blockage 220 is a hand (or another type of near field interference), the UE 215-a may determine to estimate beam weights instead of performing beam or antenna array or TRP switching.

The beam weight estimation process may include switching from a static codebook based beam weight determination process to a dynamic codebook based beam weight determination process. In a static codebook, the potential set of beam weights may be small (e.g., below a first threshold, which may be a function of the number of antenna elements in the antenna array). In a dynamic codebook, the potential set of beam weights may be large (e.g., above a second threshold, which may be a function of the number of antenna elements in the antenna array). In the dynamic codebook beam weight determination process, the UE 215-a may request multiple aperiodic CSI-RS symbols from the network (e.g., from the base station 230 or from the UE 215-b). In some cases, the UE 215-a may identify a set of allocated periodic CSI-RS symbols (e.g., periodic CSI-RS symbols previously allocated by the base station). In some cases, the UE 215-a may determine the beam weights using reference signals that have been received or scheduled to be received, rather than requesting additional reference signals.

UE 215-a may receive or identify the set of symbols and make an estimate of the adaptive beam weights based on measurements of the set of symbols. The dynamic beam weights used may include estimates of phase shifter and amplitude control adaptation. UE 215-a may select a subset (periodic or aperiodic) of CSI-RS symbols to determine beam weights from the dynamic codebook according to a dynamic codebook beam weight estimation process.

The dynamic codebook operations may correspond to a first set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations that may be loaded from a slow memory of the UE 215-a. The number of amplitude control adaptations may satisfy a threshold level of the size of one or more antenna arrays 210. Thus, the dynamic codebook operation may be different from the static codebook operation in that the static beamforming codebook may correspond to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations that may be based on the fast memory of the UE 215-a, and the number of static codebook adaptations may satisfy a threshold level for the size of the one or more antenna arrays 210, where the threshold level of the static codebook may be lower than the threshold level of the dynamic codebook.

For example, for a 4x1 antenna array, the static codebook may be a set of phase shifters and amplitude control settings (beam weights) that can direct energy in a limited number (e.g., 4 or 8) of unique directions over a particular coverage area (e.g., 90 ° -120 °) around the line of sight direction. The dynamic codebook may include an equal magnitude consideration where the phase shifter settings may be from a b=2 bit phase shifter. In some cases there may be 2 for each antenna element ^B The possibility of 4 phase shifters, and for example, from a beamforming point of view, 3 unique antenna element based phase shifter settings may be used. In these cases, the dynamic codebook size may be (2 ^B ) ³ =64. Thus, in this dynamic codebook setting, the first threshold may be 8 (e.g., a static codebook threshold) and the second threshold may be 60 (e.g., a dynamic codebook threshold). In this example, therefore,the static codebook may be a small codebook and the dynamic codebook may be a large codebook.

The estimated phase shifter and amplitude control may account for interference specific to hand blockage and associated signal skew of the hand. For example, a finger in a hand in obstruction 220 may irregularly reflect energy in different directions, which may be mitigated by adjusting the phase shifter and amplitude of the beam accordingly. Thus, the phase shifter and the estimation of the amplitude setting may adjust beam 205-a, beam 205-b, and beam 205-c for the case of a hand acting as a blockage 220. Since the deflection caused by the hand acting as obstruction 220 may be less predictable than the interference and reflection caused by non-organic or other obstructions, the phase change, phase shifter, and amplitude may be dynamically adjusted to effectively mitigate the interference.

The UE 215-a may apply the updated beam weight estimates (e.g., phase shifters and amplitude control parameters) to one or more of the beams 205-a, 205-b, or 205-c of the antenna array 210 a. In some cases, UE 215-a may perform similar beam weight estimates for antenna array 210-b, antenna array 210-c, and antenna array 210-d, and may also update the corresponding beams accordingly. For example, the UE 215-a may adjust the beam weights for the beams 205-d, 205-e, and 205-f of the antenna array 210-b on the same block 220 or based on different blocks.

In other cases, the blockage 220 may be an example of a different type of near field interference, or an example of far field interference, such as a building. The UE 215-a may similarly use a dynamic codebook procedure to estimate and update beam weights for other types of near-field and far-field interference.

The dynamic codebook-based method may be detected by measuring the beam pattern of the UE 215 before and after blocking. Beam lock operations may be performed with UE 215, which may result in active antenna modules being locked. The beam pattern of the UE 215 may be measured while the hand is covering the UE 215. The beam pattern measurements may measure beam pattern distortion of the serving beam from the static beam codebook. Testing may find performance loss due to hand blockage.

A hand is placed on the UE 215, the beam lock operation may be removed, and the antenna module lock may be maintained. UE 215 may perform a beamforming solution to mitigate interference and may again measure the beam pattern based on the updated serving beam. If the beam pattern has modified beam weights and the performance penalty is mitigated, the UE 215 may use a dynamic codebook.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a process flow 300 supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. Process flow 300 may include UE 315, UE 315 may be an example of UE 115 or UE 215 described with respect to wireless communication system 100 and wireless communication system 200, respectively. The process flow 300 also includes a base station 305, which may be an example of the base station 105 or the base station 230 described with respect to the wireless communication system 100 and the wireless communication system 200, respectively. The base station 305 may also be a second UE 315.UE 315 may operate in an mmW radio frequency spectrum band greater than 24.25 gigahertz. Although described in the context of millimeter-wave radio frequency spectrum bands, it should be understood that the techniques described herein may also be applied to other radio frequency spectrum bands, such as higher mmW radio frequency spectrum bands, sub-terahertz radio frequency spectrum bands, SHF radio frequency spectrum bands, EHF radio frequency spectrum bands, or the like.

At 310, ue 315 may identify a blockage corresponding to one or more antenna arrays of the set of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook of the one or more antenna arrays. The UE 315 may detect the condition of the environment through one or more sensors. The UE 315 may identify the blockage based on conditions detected using one or more sensors. The one or more sensors may include radar sensors, FMCW radar sensors, LIDAR sensors, accelerometers, tachometers, proximity sensors, gyroscopes, magnetometers, light sensors, touch sensors, or combinations of these sensors. In some cases, the UE 315 may determine that the blockage is a hand or body of a user holding the UE 315. In other cases, the UE 315 may determine that the blockage is not a hand or body-caused blockage. For example, if the UE 315 is placed on a table, the material of the table may distort the electric field around the UE 315. Thus, the UE 315 may identify the table as blocked based on detecting a condition (e.g., distorted electric field) associated with the table.

The static beamforming codebook may correspond to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations that may be based on the fast memory of the UE 315. The number of amplitude control adaptations may satisfy a first threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays.

In some cases, the UE 315 may perform machine learning analysis on one or more conditions in the environment. The UE 315 may thus identify the blockage based on performing a machine learning analysis on a cumulative history of at least one of beam management reports including TCI status and associated RSRP, feedback of CQI, RI, and PMI used at the base station 305 by the UE, base station 305 messages, or HARQ messages, or a combination thereof.

The UE 315 may determine that signal strengths associated with one or more antenna arrays satisfy a signal strength threshold. The UE 315 may identify a blockage based on determining that the signal strength satisfies the signal strength threshold. In some cases, the UE 315 may send a request to receive one or more aperiodic CSI-RS symbols based on the determination. The signal strength threshold may be an RSRP corresponding to the first set of beam weights.

At 320, the ue 315 may switch from a static beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination to a dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination. The UE 315 may measure one or more channel conditions using the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based on measuring the one or more channel conditions.

In some cases, the UE 315 may send a request for the number and location of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols at 325. At 330, the ue 315 may receive a set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, where measuring one or more channel conditions may be based on receiving the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols. In other cases, the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols may be based on the allocation of base station 305.

The UE 315 may then select a subset of the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols based on the dynamic beamforming codebook associated with the beamforming weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The beam weights from the dynamic beamforming codebook may correspond to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations that may be loaded from the slow memory of the UE 315. The number of amplitude control adaptations may satisfy a second threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays. The UE 315 may then estimate one or more beam weights corresponding to each aperiodic CSI-RS symbol of the subset, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based on the estimated one or more beam weights.

The UE 315 may estimate the beam weights based on estimating the signal strengths of the subset of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols. The UE 315 may then determine a set of beam directions based on the estimated signal strengths. The beam weight estimation may include the UE 315 estimating a phase shift of one or more beam weights based on a subset of the aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, where estimating the one or more beam weights may be based on estimating the phase shift. The UE 315 may also estimate amplitude control adaptation of the one or more beam weights based on the subset of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, where estimating the one or more beam weights may be based on the estimated amplitude control adaptation.

At 335, the ue 315 may determine a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The UE 315 may apply the determined second set of beam weights to the set of antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. At 340, the ue 315 may communicate using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

Fig. 4 illustrates a block diagram 400 of an apparatus 405 supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. The device 405 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 405 may include a receiver 410, a transmitter 415, and a communication manager 420. The device 405 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver 410 may provide means for receiving information (e.g., packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to mmW-blocked dynamic beamforming mitigation techniques). Information may be passed to other components of device 405. The receiver 410 may use a single antenna or multiple antennas.

Transmitter 415 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 405. For example, the transmitter 415 may transmit information, such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to dynamic beamforming mitigation techniques of mmW blocking). In some examples, the transmitter 415 may be co-located with the receiver 410 in the transceiver component. The transmitter 415 may use a single antenna or multiple antennas.

The communication manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing aspects of the mmW-blocking dynamic beamforming mitigation technique as described herein. For example, communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

In some examples, the communication manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include processors, digital Signal Processors (DSPs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combinations thereof, configured or otherwise supporting units for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, a processor and memory coupled with the processor may be configured to perform one or more functions described herein (e.g., by the processor executing instructions stored in the memory).

Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communication management software or firmware) that is executed by a processor. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of communications manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof, may be performed by a general purpose processor, DSP, central Processing Unit (CPU), ASIC, FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured or otherwise supporting units for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

In some examples, communication manager 420 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise in cooperation with receiver 410, transmitter 415, or both. For example, communication manager 420 may receive information from receiver 410, send information to transmitter 415, or be integrated into receiver 410, transmitter 415, or both to receive information, send information, or perform various other operations described herein.

According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 420 may support wireless communication at the UE. For example, the communication manager 420 may be configured or otherwise enabled to identify a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beam forming codebook of the one or more antenna arrays. The communication manager 420 may be configured or otherwise support means for switching from a static beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination to a dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination. The communication manager 420 may be configured or otherwise enabled to determine a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The communication manager 420 may be configured or otherwise support means for communicating using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

By including or configuring communication manager 420 in accordance with examples described herein, device 405 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to receiver 410, transmitter 415, communication manager 420, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for adjusting beam weights based on identifying hand blockage of one or more antenna arrays. The UE 115 may update the beam weights and may control the transmitter 415 to transmit communications using the updated beam weights instead of switching beams so that delays and control channel overhead may be avoided.

Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram 500 of an apparatus 505 supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of the device 405 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communication manager 520. The device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver 510 may provide means for receiving information (e.g., packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to mmW-blocked dynamic beamforming mitigation techniques). Information may be passed to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may use a single antenna or multiple antennas.

The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information, such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to dynamic beamforming mitigation techniques of mmW blocking). In some examples, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with the receiver 510 in the transceiver component. The transmitter 515 may use a single antenna or multiple antennas.

The apparatus 505 or various components thereof may be an example of means for performing aspects of the mmW-blocking dynamic beamforming mitigation technique as described herein. For example, communication manager 520 may include interference identification component 525, codebook component 530, beam weight component 535, communication component 540, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 520 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 420 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 520 or various components thereof may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both, or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the receiver 515, or both. For example, communication manager 520 may receive information from receiver 510, send information to transmitter 515, or be integrated into receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both to receive information, send information, or perform various other operations described herein.

According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 520 may support wireless communication at the UE. The interference identification component 525 may be configured or otherwise enabled to identify a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays. The codebook component 530 may be configured or otherwise support means for switching from a static beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination to a dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination. The beam weight component 535 may be configured or otherwise enabled to determine a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The communication component 540 may be configured or otherwise support means for communicating using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

Fig. 6 illustrates a block diagram 600 of a communication manager 620 that supports techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. Communication manager 620 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 420, communication manager 520, or both, as described herein. The communication manager 620 or various components thereof may be an example of means for performing aspects of the techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking as described herein. For example, communication manager 620 may include an interference identification component 625, a codebook component 630, a beam weight component 635, a communication component 640, a channel measurement component 645, a CSI-RS component 650, an estimation component 655, a beam direction component 660, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through one or more buses).

According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 620 may support wireless communication at the UE. The interference identification component 625 may be configured or otherwise enabled to identify a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays. The codebook component 630 can be configured or otherwise support means for switching from static beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination to dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination. The beam weight component 635 may be configured or otherwise enabled to determine a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The communication component 640 can be configured or otherwise support means for communicating using one or more antenna arrays in accordance with the second set of beam weights.

In some examples, channel measurement component 645 may be configured or otherwise support means for measuring one or more channel conditions using a set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based on measuring the one or more channel conditions. In some examples, the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols is based on an allocation of the base station.

In some examples, CSI-RS component 650 may be configured or otherwise enabled to select a subset of the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols based on a dynamic beamforming codebook associated with a beamforming weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. In some examples, the estimating component 655 may be configured or otherwise support means for estimating one or more beam weights corresponding to each aperiodic CSI-RS symbol of the subset, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based on the estimated one or more beam weights.

In some examples, to support estimating one or more beam weights, the estimating component 655 may be configured or otherwise support means for estimating signal strength of a subset of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols. In some examples, to support estimating one or more beam weights, the beam direction component 660 may be configured or otherwise support means for determining a set of beam directions based on the estimated signal strengths.

In some examples, the estimating component 655 may be configured or otherwise support means for estimating a phase shift of one or more beam weights based on a subset of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights is based on estimating the phase shift.

In some examples, the estimating component 655 may be configured or otherwise support an amplitude control adaptation for estimating one or more beam weights based on a subset of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights is based on the estimated amplitude control adaptation.

In some examples, the dynamic beamforming codebook corresponds to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations loaded from the slow memory of the UE. In some examples, the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a second threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays.

In some examples, CSI RS component 650 may be configured or otherwise support means for sending a request for the number and location of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols. In some examples, CSI-RS component 650 may be configured or otherwise support means for receiving a set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols, wherein measuring one or more channel conditions is based on receiving the set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols.

In some examples, the disturbance recognition component 625 can be configured or otherwise support means for detecting an environmental condition by one or more sensors, wherein recognizing a blockage is based on detecting the condition using the one or more sensors.

In some examples, the one or more sensors include a radar sensor, an FMCW radar sensor, a LIDAR sensor, an accelerometer, a tachometer, a proximity sensor, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a light sensor, a touch sensor, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the blockage is a hand or body of a user holding the UE.

In some examples, the interference identification component 625 may be configured or otherwise support means for performing a machine learning analysis on one or more conditions in an environment, wherein identifying the congestion is based on performing the machine learning analysis on a cumulative history of at least one of beam management reports including TCI status and associated RSRP, feedback of CQI, RI, and PMI used at the base station by the UE, base station messages, or HARQ messages, or a combination thereof.

In some examples, the beam weight component 635 may be configured or otherwise support means for applying the determined second set of beam weights to the plurality of antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook.

In some examples, channel measurement component 645 may be configured or otherwise support means for determining that signal strengths associated with one or more antenna arrays satisfy a signal strength threshold, wherein identifying a blockage is based on determining that the signal strengths satisfy the signal strength threshold. In some examples, CSI-RS component 650 may be configured or otherwise enabled to transmit a request to receive one or more aperiodic CSI-RS symbols based on the determination. In some examples, the signal strength threshold includes an RSRP corresponding to the first set of beam weights.

In some examples, the static beamforming codebook corresponds to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptation based on the UE's fast memory. In some examples, the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a first threshold level of a size of the one or more antenna arrays. In some examples, the UE operates in an mmW radio frequency spectrum band greater than 24.25 gigahertz.

Fig. 7 illustrates a diagram of a system 700 that includes a device 705 that supports techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. Device 705 may be or include examples of components of device 405, device 505, or UE 115 as described herein. Device 705 may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. Device 705 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications (e.g., communications manager 720, input/output (I/O) controller 710, transceiver 715, antenna 725, memory 730, code 735, and processor 740). These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 745).

I/O controller 710 may manage input and output signals for device 705. I/O controller 710 may also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 705. In some cases, I/O controller 710 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I/O controller 710 may use, for example Or other known operating systems. Additionally or alternatively, I/O controller 710 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I/O controller 710 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as processor 740. In some cases, a user may interact with device 705 via I/O controller 710 or via hardware components controlled by I/O controller 710.

In some cases, device 705 may include a single antenna 725. However, in some other cases, the device 705 may have more than one antenna 725, which may send or receive multiple wireless transmissions simultaneously. The transceiver 715 may communicate bi-directionally via one or more of the antennas 725, wired or wireless links described herein. For example, transceiver 715 may represent a wireless transceiver and may bi-directionally communicate with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 715 may also include a modem for modulating packets to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 725 for transmission and demodulating packets 725 received from the one or more antennas. The transceiver 715 or the transceiver 715 and one or more antennas 725 may be examples of a transmitter 415, a transmitter 515, a receiver 410, a receiver 510, or any combination or component thereof as described herein.

Memory 730 may include Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). Memory 730 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 735, which code 735 includes instructions that when executed by processor 740 cause device 705 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 735 may be stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 735 may not be directly executed by processor 740, but may instead cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 730 may include a basic I/O system (BIOS) or the like, which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or devices.

Processor 740 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general purpose processor, DSP, CPU, microcontroller, ASIC, FPGA, programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 740 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 740. Processor 740 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 730) to cause device 705 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking). For example, device 705 or a component of device 705 may include a processor 740 and a memory 730 coupled to processor 740, processor 740 and memory 730 configured to perform various functions described herein.

According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at the UE. For example, communication manager 720 may be configured or otherwise enabled to identify a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beam forming codebook of the one or more antenna arrays. The communication manager 720 may be configured or otherwise support means for switching from static beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination to dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination. The communication manager 720 may be configured or otherwise enabled to determine a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The communication manager 720 may be configured or otherwise support means for communicating using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

By including or configuring the communication manager 720 in accordance with examples described herein, the device 705 may support techniques for mitigating near-field and far-field interference by updating beam weights using dynamic codebooks. The updated beam weights may thus adjust the beam to avoid reflections from the hands or body of the user holding the UE 115, and the UE 115 may thus improve communication efficiency by avoiding delays in beam switching.

In some examples, the communication manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 715, one or more antennas 725, or any combination thereof. Although communication manager 720 is shown as a separate component, in some examples, one or more of the functions described with reference to communication manager 720 may be supported or performed by processor 740, memory 730, code 735, or any combination thereof. For example, code 735 may include instructions executable by processor 740 to cause device 705 to perform aspects of the techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking as described herein, or processor 740 and memory 730 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

Fig. 8 illustrates a flow chart showing a method 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, the method 800 supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking. The operations of method 800 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of method 800 may be performed by UE 115 as described with reference to fig. 1-7. In some examples, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functionality.

At 805, the method may include identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 805 may be performed by the interference identification component 625 as described with reference to fig. 6.

At 810, the method may include switching from a beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to a beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. 810 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 810 may be performed by codebook component 630 described with reference to fig. 6.

At 815, the method may include determining a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. 815 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 815 may be performed by the beam weight component 635 described with reference to fig. 6.

At 820, the method may include communicating using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights. 820 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 820 may be performed by the communication component 640 described with reference to fig. 6.

Fig. 9 illustrates a flow chart showing a method 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, the method 900 supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking. The operations of method 900 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of method 900 may be performed by UE 115 as described with reference to fig. 1-7. In some examples, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functionality.

At 905, the method may include identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 905 may be performed by the interference identification component 625 as described with reference to fig. 6.

At 910, the method may include switching from a beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to a beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The operations of 910 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 910 may be performed by codebook component 630 described with reference to fig. 6.

At 915, the method may include measuring one or more channel conditions using a set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols. 915 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 915 may be performed by channel measurement component 645 as described with reference to fig. 6.

At 920, the method may include determining a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook and based on measuring the one or more channel conditions. The operations of 920 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 920 may be performed by the beam weight component 635 described with reference to fig. 6.

At 925, the method may include communicating using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights. 925 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 925 may be performed by the communication component 640 described with reference to fig. 6.

Fig. 10 illustrates a flow chart showing a method 1000, the method 1000 supporting techniques for dynamic beamforming mitigation of mmW blocking in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. The operations of method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1000 may be performed by UE 115 as described with reference to fig. 1-7. In some examples, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functionality.

At 1005, the method may include identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays. Operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1005 may be performed by the interference identification component 625 as described with reference to fig. 6.

At 1010, the method may include switching from a beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to a beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1010 may be performed by codebook component 630 as described with reference to fig. 6.

At 1015, the method may include transmitting a request for the number and location of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols. 1015 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1015 may be performed by CSI-RS component 650 described with reference to fig. 6.

At 1020, the method may include receiving a set of aperiodic CSI-RS symbols. Operations of 1020 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1020 may be performed by CSI-RS component 650 described with reference to fig. 6.

At 1025, the method may include measuring one or more channel conditions based on the set of received aperiodic CSI-RS symbols. 1025 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1025 may be performed by channel measurement component 645 as described with reference to fig. 6.

At 1030, the method may include determining a second set of beam weights for the one or more antenna arrays based on the beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook and based on measuring the one or more channel conditions. The operations of 1030 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1030 may be performed by the beam weight component 635 described with reference to fig. 6.

At 1035, the method can include communicating using one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights. 1035 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1035 may be performed by the communication component 640 described with reference to fig. 6.

The following provides an overview of aspects of the disclosure:

aspect 1: a method for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based at least in part on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays; switching from a beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to a beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook; determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based at least in part on the dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination; and communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

Aspect 2: the method of aspect 1, further comprising: one or more channel conditions are measured using a set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based at least in part on measuring the one or more channel conditions.

Aspect 3: the method of aspect 2, further comprising: selecting a subset of the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols based at least in part on a dynamic beamforming codebook associated with a beamforming weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook; and estimating one or more beam weights corresponding to each aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbol of the subset, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based at least in part on the estimated one or more beam weights.

Aspect 4: the method of aspect 3, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights comprises: estimating signal strengths of a subset of the aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols; and determining a set of beam directions based at least in part on the estimated signal strengths.

Aspect 5: the method of any one of aspects 3 to 4, further comprising: the phase shift of the one or more beam weights is estimated based at least in part on the subset of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights is based at least in part on estimating the phase shift.

Aspect 6: the method of any one of aspects 3 to 5, further comprising: estimating an amplitude control adaptation of the one or more beam weights based at least in part on the subset of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights is based at least in part on estimating the amplitude control adaptation.

Aspect 7: the method according to any one of aspects 3 to 6, wherein: the dynamic beamforming codebook corresponding to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations loaded from a slow memory of the UE; and the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a second threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays.

Aspect 8: the method of any one of aspects 2-7, wherein the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols is based at least in part on an allocation of a base station.

Aspect 9: the method of any one of aspects 2 to 8, further comprising: transmitting a request for the number and location of non-periodic channel state information reference signal symbols; and receiving the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein measuring the one or more channel conditions is based at least in part on receiving the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols.

Aspect 10: the method of any one of aspects 1 to 9, further comprising: an environmental condition is detected by one or more sensors, wherein identifying the occlusion is based at least in part on detecting the condition using the one or more sensors.

Aspect 11: the method of aspect 10, wherein the one or more sensors comprise radar sensors, frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensors, light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors, accelerometers, tachometers, proximity sensors, gyroscopes, magnetometers, light sensors, touch sensors, or combinations thereof.

Aspect 12: the method of aspect 11, wherein the occlusion is a hand or body of a user holding the UE.

Aspect 13: the method of any one of aspects 1 to 12, further comprising: performing a machine learning analysis on one or more conditions in an environment, wherein identifying the blockage is based at least in part on performing the machine learning analysis by accumulating a history of at least one of: beam management reports including Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) status and associated Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), feedback of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), rank Indicator (RI), and Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) used at a base station by a UE, a base station message, or a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) message, or a combination thereof.

Aspect 14: the method of any one of aspects 1 to 13, further comprising: the determined second set of beam weights is applied to the plurality of antenna arrays based at least in part on the dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination.

Aspect 15: the method of any one of aspects 1 to 14, further comprising: determining that signal strengths associated with the one or more antenna arrays meet a signal strength threshold, wherein identifying the blockage is based at least in part on determining that the signal strengths meet the signal strength threshold; and transmitting a request to receive one or more aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols based at least in part on the determination.

Aspect 16: the method of aspect 15, wherein the signal strength threshold comprises a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) corresponding to the first set of beam weights.

Aspect 17: the method of any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein: the static beamforming codebook corresponds to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptation based at least in part on a flash memory of the UE; and the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a first threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays.

Aspect 18: the method of any one of aspects 1-17, wherein the UE operates in a millimeter wave radio frequency spectrum band greater than 24.25 gigahertz.

Aspect 19: an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in a memory and executable by a processor to cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of aspects 1 to 18.

Aspect 20: an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising at least one unit for performing the method of any one of aspects 1 to 18.

Aspect 21: a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of any one of aspects 1 to 18.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified, and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

Although aspects of the LTE, LTE-A, LTE-a Pro or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-a Pro or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-a Pro or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applied to various other wireless communication systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software for execution by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired or any combination of these. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located in various positions including being distributed such that portions of the functions are implemented in different physical positions.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Non-transitory storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact Disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code elements in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Further, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in an item list (e.g., an item list beginning with the phrase "at least one" or "one or more") means an inclusive list, e.g., a list of at least one of A, B or C means a or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A, B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a set of closed conditions. For example, example steps described as "based on condition a" may be based on condition a and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on".

In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes between similar components. If only a first reference label is used in the specification, the specification applies to any one similar component having the same first reference label, irrespective of a second reference label or other subsequent reference labels.

The description set forth herein in connection with the appended drawings describes example configurations and is not intended to represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the technology. However, the techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

The description herein is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (30)

1. A method for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:

Identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based at least in part on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays;

switching from a beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to a beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook;

determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based at least in part on the dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination; and

and communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

one or more channel conditions are measured using a set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based at least in part on measuring the one or more channel conditions.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

selecting a subset of the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols based at least in part on a dynamic beamforming codebook associated with the dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination; and

One or more beam weights corresponding to each aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbol of the subset are estimated, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based at least in part on the estimated one or more beam weights.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights comprises:

estimating signal strengths of the subset of the aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols; and

a set of beam directions is determined based at least in part on the estimated signal strengths.

5. A method according to claim 3, further comprising:

estimating a phase shift of the one or more beam weights based at least in part on the subset of the aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights is based at least in part on estimating the phase shift.

6. A method according to claim 3, further comprising:

estimating an amplitude control adaptation of the one or more beam weights based at least in part on the subset of the aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights is based at least in part on estimating the amplitude control adaptation.

7. A method according to claim 3, wherein:

the dynamic beamforming codebook corresponding to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations loaded from a slow memory of the UE; and

the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a second threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols is based at least in part on an allocation of a base station.

9. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

transmitting a request for the number and location of non-periodic channel state information reference signal symbols; and

the method further includes receiving the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein measuring the one or more channel conditions is based at least in part on receiving the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

an environmental condition is detected by one or more sensors, wherein identifying the occlusion is based at least in part on detecting the condition using the one or more sensors.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a radar sensor, a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensor, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor, an accelerometer, a tachometer, a proximity sensor, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a light sensor, a touch sensor, or a combination thereof.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the occlusion is a hand or body of a user holding the UE.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

performing a machine learning analysis on one or more conditions in an environment, wherein identifying the blockage is based at least in part on performing the machine learning analysis on a cumulative history of at least one of: beam management reports including Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) status and associated Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), feedback of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), rank Indicator (RI), and Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) used at a base station by a UE, a base station message, or a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) message, or a combination thereof.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

the determined second set of beam weights is applied to the plurality of antenna arrays based at least in part on the dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining that signal strengths associated with the one or more antenna arrays meet a signal strength threshold, wherein identifying the blockage is based at least in part on determining that the signal strengths meet the signal strength threshold; and

A request to receive one or more aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols is sent based at least in part on the determination.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the signal strength threshold comprises a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) corresponding to the first set of beam weights.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein:

the static beamforming codebook corresponds to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptation based at least in part on a flash memory of the UE; and

the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a first threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE operates in a millimeter wave radio frequency spectrum band greater than 24.25 gigahertz.

19. An apparatus for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:

a processor;

a memory coupled to the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the device to:

identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based at least in part on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays;

Switching from a beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to a beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook;

determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based at least in part on the dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination; and

and communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

one or more channel conditions are measured using a set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based at least in part on measuring the one or more channel conditions.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

selecting a subset of the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols based at least in part on a dynamic beamforming codebook associated with the dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination; and

One or more beam weights corresponding to each aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbol of the subset are estimated, wherein determining the second set of beam weights is based at least in part on the estimated one or more beam weights.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions for estimating the one or more beam weights are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

estimating signal strengths of the subset of the aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols; and

a set of beam directions is determined based at least in part on the estimated signal strengths.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

estimating a phase shift of the one or more beam weights based at least in part on the subset of the aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights is based at least in part on estimating the phase shift.

24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

Estimating an amplitude control adaptation of the one or more beam weights based at least in part on the subset of the aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein estimating the one or more beam weights is based at least in part on estimating the amplitude control adaptation.

25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein:

the dynamic beamforming codebook corresponding to a fixed set of phase shifters and amplitude control adaptations loaded from a slow memory of the UE; and

the number of amplitude control adaptations satisfies a second threshold level of the size of the one or more antenna arrays.

26. The apparatus of claim 20, in which the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols is based at least in part on an allocation of a base station.

27. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

transmitting a request for the number and location of non-periodic channel state information reference signal symbols; and

the method further includes receiving the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols, wherein measuring the one or more channel conditions is based at least in part on receiving the set of aperiodic channel state information reference signal symbols.

28. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

an environmental condition is detected by one or more sensors, wherein identifying the occlusion is based at least in part on detecting the condition using the one or more sensors.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:

means for identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based at least in part on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays;

means for switching from beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook;

determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based at least in part on the dynamic beamforming codebook based beam weight determination; and

means for communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.

30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:

Identifying a blockage corresponding to one or more of the plurality of antenna arrays based at least in part on using a first set of beam weights corresponding to a static beamforming codebook for the one or more antenna arrays;

switching from a beam weight determination based on the static beamforming codebook to a beam weight determination based on the dynamic beamforming codebook;

determining a second set of beam weights to be used for the one or more antenna arrays based at least in part on the dynamic beamforming codebook-based beam weight determination; and

and communicating using the one or more antenna arrays according to the second set of beam weights.