CN116593385A - Equipment and method for accurately measuring rolling friction coefficient - Google Patents

Equipment and method for accurately measuring rolling friction coefficient Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116593385A
CN116593385A CN202310556301.1A CN202310556301A CN116593385A CN 116593385 A CN116593385 A CN 116593385A CN 202310556301 A CN202310556301 A CN 202310556301A CN 116593385 A CN116593385 A CN 116593385A
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China
Prior art keywords
plate
sample
module
moving plate
ball
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郑晓猛
刘建
杜三明
张永振
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202310556301.1A priority Critical patent/CN116593385A/en
Publication of CN116593385A publication Critical patent/CN116593385A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient, wherein the device comprises a frame; the test module comprises an upper sample plate, a moving plate, a lower sample plate and a rolling friction pair; the lower sample plate is arranged on the bottom plate of the frame, and a moving plate and an upper sample plate are sequentially arranged on the lower sample plate; rolling friction pairs are arranged between the lower sample plate and the moving plate and between the moving plate and the upper sample plate; the loading module is arranged above the test module and is used for applying a vertical downward load to the test module; the reciprocating movement module is arranged on the bottom plate of the frame, is connected with the moving plate and is used for driving the rolling friction pair to perform linear reciprocating rolling friction movement; and the installation positioning module is connected with the test module and used for positioning and limiting the test module, so that the upper sample plate, the moving plate and the rolling friction pair are positioned at the reference position. The invention has no accompanying test bearing and no retainer, and in the test process, the force measured by the tension pressure sensor is rolling friction force except rolling contact, and the measuring method has strict theory and accurate result.

Description

Equipment and method for accurately measuring rolling friction coefficient
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rolling friction testing, in particular to equipment and a method for accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient.
Background
Tribology is an interdisciplinary discipline involving materials, machinery, physics, chemistry, mechanics, and the like. Has wide application range and strong practicability, and simultaneously contains rich theoretical systems. Rolling friction is a form of friction that has a small coefficient of friction compared to sliding friction and can more efficiently transmit torque and support rotational motion, such as the use of rolling bearings. However, no mechanical device or apparatus is currently available that can accurately measure the rolling friction coefficient.
The current measurement device for the rolling friction coefficient adopts a rotating shaft to support the rolling contact of a sample, and a test accompanying bearing is arranged on the rotating shaft, so that the friction moment of the test accompanying bearing is confused in the measurement result. In actual operation, no-load calibration is carried out on the rotating shaft so as to remove friction moment of the test bearing from the measurement result. However, the load applied to the rotating shaft in the test process is consistent with that of the sample, and the friction moment of the accompanying test bearing is different from that of the idle load. In addition, the lubricating oil temperature of the accompanying test bearing has great influence on the friction moment of the accompanying test bearing, and the lubricating state of the accompanying test bearing in no-load and test cannot be guaranteed to be completely consistent. Thus, the interference of the accompanying bearings cannot be removed (such as "a rolling current carrying frictional wear tester" of chinese patent publication No. CN 107014708B). In the test format including rolling elements such as rolling bearings, the sliding friction between the cage and the rolling elements and the viscous resistance between the rolling elements and the lubricating oil are similarly confused with the detection results, and cannot be removed.
None of the current rolling friction coefficient measuring devices or equipment can guarantee a single and pure rolling friction movement form. The measurement results comprise resistance interference generated by other movements, and the interference degree is related to the equipment structure and the like. This also results in a significant difference in the measurement results when different devices are performing the same pair of rolling friction coefficient measurements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides equipment and a method for accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient, and aims to overcome the defects that the existing rolling friction coefficient measurement has a plurality of interference factors, cannot be removed and is inaccurate in measurement.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim is as follows:
the first aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient, comprising:
a frame 1;
a test module 4, wherein the test module 4 comprises an upper sample plate 26, a moving plate 27, a lower sample plate 31 and a rolling friction pair; the lower sample plate 31 is mounted on the bottom plate of the frame 1, and the moving plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26 are sequentially arranged on the lower sample plate 31; the rolling friction pairs are arranged between the lower sample plate 31 and the movable plate 27 and between the movable plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26, and each rolling friction pair comprises a ball sample 28 and a block sample 29;
a loading module 3, the loading module 3 being arranged above the test module 4 for applying a vertically downward load to the test module 4;
the reciprocating movement module 5 is arranged on the bottom plate of the frame 1 and connected with the moving plate 27, and is used for driving the moving plate 27 to perform reciprocating linear movement so as to enable the ball sample 28 to perform reciprocating rolling on the block sample 29;
further, the apparatus further comprises:
the installation positioning module 6 is connected with the test module 4, and is used for positioning and limiting the test module 4, so that the upper sample plate 26, the moving plate 27 and the rolling friction pair are positioned at the reference position.
Further, the device also comprises a loading module mounting plate 2, and the loading module 3 is fixed on the top plate or the side wall of the frame 1 through the loading module mounting plate 2.
Further, the loading module 3 comprises an electric loading cylinder 10, a pressure sensor 13 and a loading plate 14, wherein the electric loading cylinder 10 is vertically arranged, the pressure sensor 13 is installed at the lower end of the electric loading cylinder 10, the loading plate 14 is arranged at the bottom of the pressure sensor 13, and spherical protrusions are arranged on the lower surface of the loading plate 14 and are in contact with the upper surface of the upper sample plate 26.
Further, the lower sample plate 31 is provided with three first grooves, the three first grooves are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the lower sample plate 31, and the three first grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the lower sample plate 31;
the upper surface of the moving plate 27 is provided with three second grooves which are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axes of the isosceles triangle shape coincide with the central axis of the moving plate 27, and the three second grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the moving plate 27;
the lower surface of the moving plate 27 is provided with three third grooves which are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the moving plate 27, and the three third grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite edges of the moving plate 27;
the lower surface of the upper sample plate 26 is provided with three fourth grooves which are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the upper sample plate 26, and the three fourth grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the upper sample plate 26;
the symmetry axes of the four isosceles triangles extend along the left and right sides of the test module 4, the first grooves correspond to the third grooves in distribution position, the second grooves correspond to the fourth grooves in distribution position, and the second grooves and the third grooves are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the moving plate 27;
each of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove is respectively provided with 1 block sample 29, and a ball sample 28 is placed on each of the block sample 29 on the lower sample plate 31 and the block sample 29 on the upper surface of the moving plate 27;
wherein the ball sample 28 contacts with the block sample 29 to form a rolling friction pair, and the ball sample 28 can roll on the block sample 29 along the left and right sides of the test module 4;
the central axis directions of the upper sample plate 26 and the lower sample plate 31 of the moving plate 27 are the same as the reciprocating linear motion direction of the moving plate 27;
further, the ball test piece 28 is a ball, the upper end of the block test piece 29 has a concave arc surface 34, and the axial direction of the concave arc surface 34 extends along the left and right sides of the test module 4.
Further, the ball test piece 28 is a cylindrical roller, and the upper end of the block test piece 29 is a plane.
Further, the installation positioning module 6 comprises a lower positioning block 35, an upper positioning block 36 and an upper plate limiting module 37;
the lower positioning block 35 is fixed on the bottom plate of the frame 1, and is used for positioning the ball sample 28 on the lower sample plate 31 and limiting the moving plate 27;
the upper positioning blocks 36 are fixed on the left side and the right side of the moving plate 27 and are used for positioning the ball test samples 28 on the upper surface of the moving plate 27;
the upper plate limiting modules 37 are fixed on the front side and the rear side of the test module 4 and are used for positioning and limiting the upper sample plate 26.
Further, the reciprocating motion module 5 comprises a ball screw linear reciprocating module 15, an adjusting gasket group 16, a sliding block 17, a tension pressure sensor 20 and a U-shaped connecting rod 24;
the U-shaped connecting rod 24 is horizontally fixed at one end of the tension and pressure sensor 20, the sliding block 17 is arranged at the U end of the U-shaped connecting rod 24, and the other end of the tension and pressure sensor 20 is fixedly connected with the moving plate 27 through the stud 18;
the adjusting gasket set 16 is arranged on the bottom plate of the frame 1, the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15 is arranged on the adjusting gasket set 16, and the adjusting gasket set 16 is used for adjusting the height of the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15;
the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15 is a linear reciprocating mechanism finished product formed by a servo motor and a ball screw, and the ball screw is driven by the servo motor to rotate and drive the sliding block 17 to generate reciprocating linear motion.
A method for accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient using the apparatus for accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient according to the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising the steps of:
a. the rolling friction pair is arranged on the test module 4, the installation positioning module 6 is used for positioning and limiting the test module 4, so that ball samples 28 between the moving plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26 are distributed in an isosceles triangle, and the bottom edges of the isosceles triangle are perpendicular to the reciprocating linear motion direction of the moving plate 27;
the ball samples 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27 are distributed in an isosceles triangle, and the bottom of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate 27; the contact force of the ball sample 28 between the moving plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26 is made the same as the contact force of the ball sample 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27;
b. fixedly connecting the reciprocating movement module 5 with the moving plate 27 to enable the tension and pressure sensor 20 and the moving plate 27 to be positioned at the same horizontal position;
c. placing the spherical protrusion of the loading plate 14 on the upper sample plate 26 such that the loading point of the spherical protrusion is located at the center of gravity of an isosceles triangle formed by the ball sample 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27; starting the loading module 3 to apply load, transmitting the load to the test module 4 through the loading plate 14, and collecting the load in the process of the sample by using the pressure sensor 13;
d. the installation positioning module 6 is detached;
e. the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15 is started to drive the movable plate 27 to perform fixed-frequency, low-speed, uniform-speed and short-distance linear reciprocating motion, the reciprocating distance is less than 10mm, the moving linear speed is less than 10mm/min, rolling friction of the rolling friction pair is realized, and rolling friction force in the test process is collected by the pull pressure sensor 20;
f. the rolling friction force F when the ball sample 28 is at the reference position is measured by the pull pressure sensor 20, the load P when the ball sample 28 is at the reference position is measured by the pressure sensor 13, and the rolling friction coefficient is calculated according to the rolling friction force F, the load and the diameter of the ball sample 28;
wherein, the reference position refers to: ball samples 28 between the moving plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26 are distributed in an isosceles triangle, and the bottom sides of the isosceles triangle are perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate 27; meanwhile, the ball samples 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27 are distributed in an isosceles triangle, the bottom side of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the reciprocating linear motion direction of the moving plate 27, and the loading point of the spherical bulge of the loading plate 14 is positioned at the gravity center of the isosceles triangle formed by the ball samples 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27; the center of gravity of the isosceles triangle formed by the ball sample 28 between the moving plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26 corresponds to the position of the center of gravity of the isosceles triangle formed by the ball sample 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has no accompanying test bearing and no retainer, and in the test process, the force measured by the tension pressure sensor is rolling friction force without any other relative movement except rolling contact, and the measurement method has strict theory. The rolling friction coefficient of different materials and accessories can be measured with or without lubricating oil. Even if the lubricant is used, the disturbance of the viscous resistance of the lubricant can be ignored because of the low rolling speed, and the friction behavior of rolling friction can be studied more intensively.
2. The present invention can perform tests of different sample sizes by changing the radius of curvature of the concave circular arc surface 34 of the block sample 29 or the diameter of the ball sample 28. The arc surface 34 of the block sample 29 is processed into a plane, and the ball sample 28 is a cylindrical roller, so that tests with different contact modes can be performed. The device has simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and accurate measurement.
3. The sample module has 3 rolling friction pairs in one plane, and the 3 points can determine one plane, so that the contact load of 3 groups of friction pairs in the loading process is consistent, the influence of the sample size tolerance on the contact load is avoided, and the stability of a contact system and the test process is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention (without the frame);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a loading module structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating module configuration;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the reciprocation module;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the test module installation (including upper sample plate, moving plate, lower sample plate);
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the test module (with a moving plate, lower sample plate);
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the test module;
FIG. 9 is an assembled bottom view of the kinematic plate and block specimen;
FIG. 10 is a top view of a moving plate and block sample assembly;
FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the sample plate and block sample assembly;
FIG. 12 is a top view of an assembled sample plate and block sample;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of an OK clip;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the shape of a block of samples;
FIG. 15 is an assembled side view of the mounting location module and test module;
FIG. 16 is a front view of the mounting location module assembled with the test module;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the positioning block;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the shape of the lower positioning block;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an upper plate limit module;
reference numerals illustrate: the device comprises a 1-frame, a 2-loading module mounting plate, a 3-loading module, a 4-test module, a 5-reciprocating module, a 6-mounting positioning module, a 10-electric loading cylinder, a 13-pressure sensor, a 14-loading plate, a 15-ball screw linear reciprocating module, a 16-adjusting gasket set, a 17-sliding block, 18-studs, a 19-second gasket, a 20-pulling pressure sensor, a 22-first gasket, a 24-U-shaped connecting rod, a 26-upper sample plate, a 27-moving plate, a 28-ball sample, a 29-block sample, a 30-OK clamp, a 31-lower sample plate, a 34-concave arc surface, a 35-lower positioning block, a 36-upper positioning block, a 37-upper plate limiting module, a 39-cylindrical magnet, a 40-upper plate limiting rod, a 41-boss and a 42-fifth groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are performed according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are conventional products available from commercial sources, not identified to the manufacturer.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" as used herein may include wireless connections.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. The directional or state relationships indicated by the terms "inner", "upper", "lower", "left and right", "front and rear", etc., are based on the directional or state relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The "left and right sides of the sample block" refers to the direction in which the movable plate linearly reciprocates, and the "front and rear sides of the sample block" refers to the directions perpendicular to the direction in which the movable plate linearly reciprocates. More specifically, the vertical, horizontal, front-rear directions described herein are identical to the vertical, horizontal, front-rear directions of the projection relationship of fig. 1, 5, or 16 itself.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "provided" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for accurately measuring the rolling friction coefficient comprises a frame 1, a loading module mounting plate 2, a loading module 3, a test module 4, a reciprocating motion module 5 and a mounting and positioning module 6.
The main body of the frame 1 is an iron casting, has good damping performance and is used for supporting all modules of the whole equipment.
The loading module mounting plate 2 is formed by welding steel plates, the loading module 3 is mounted on the loading module mounting plate 2 through bolts, and the loading module mounting plate 2 is mounted on a top plate of the frame 1 through bolts.
The loading module 3 comprises an electric loading cylinder 10, a pressure sensor 13 and a loading plate 14; the electric loading cylinder 10 is a finished product of the electric loading cylinder formed by a servo motor and a ball screw; the electric loading cylinder 10 is vertically arranged, and the pressure sensor 13 is connected with the lower end of the electric loading cylinder 10 through threaded fit; the loading plate 14 is fixed below the pressure sensor 13 by bolts.
The load generated by the electric loading cylinder 10 is transferred to the test module 4 through the loading plate 14, and the pressure sensor 13 is used for measuring the load generated by the electric loading cylinder 10.
The loading plate 14 is provided with a spherical protrusion at the center of the lower end thereof, which is in contact with the middle of the upper surface of the upper sample plate 26, and which prevents the loading from being deflected.
The test module 4 comprises an upper test sample plate 26, a movable plate 27, a lower test sample plate 31 and 12 pairs of rolling friction pairs; the upper sample plate 26, the moving plate 27 and the lower sample plate 31 are used for mounting a rolling friction pair and supporting the rolling friction of the friction pair.
The lower sample plate 31 is arranged in a groove on the bottom plate of the frame 1, and the moving plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26 are sequentially arranged on the lower sample plate 31; 6 pairs of rolling friction pairs are arranged between the lower sample plate 31 and the movable plate 27, and 6 pairs of rolling friction pairs are arranged between the movable plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26.
The lower sample plate 31 is provided with three first grooves, the three first grooves are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axes of the isosceles triangle shape coincide with the central axis of the lower sample plate 31, and the three first grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the lower sample plate 31; one side is provided with a first groove, and the other side opposite to the first groove is provided with two first grooves.
The upper surface of the moving plate 27 is provided with three second grooves which are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axes of the isosceles triangle shape coincide with the central axis of the moving plate 27, and the three second grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the moving plate 27; wherein, one side is provided with a second groove, and the other side opposite to the second groove is provided with two second grooves.
The lower surface of the moving plate 27 is provided with three third grooves which are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the moving plate 27, and the three third grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite edges of the moving plate 27; one side is provided with a third groove, and the other side opposite to the third groove is provided with two third grooves.
The lower surface of the upper sample plate 26 is provided with three fourth grooves which are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the upper sample plate 26, and the three fourth grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the upper sample plate 26; one side is provided with a fourth groove, and the other side opposite to the fourth groove is provided with two fourth grooves.
The symmetry axes of the four isosceles triangles extend along the left and right sides of the test module 4, the first grooves correspond to the third grooves in distribution position, the second grooves correspond to the fourth grooves in distribution position, and the second grooves and the third grooves are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the moving plate 27;
each of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove is respectively provided with 1 block sample 29, and a ball sample 28 is placed on each of the block sample 29 on the lower sample plate 31 and the block sample 29 on the upper surface of the moving plate 27;
wherein the ball sample 28 contacts with the block sample 29 to form a rolling friction pair, and the ball sample 28 can roll on the block sample 29 along the left and right sides of the test module 4.
The central axis directions of the upper sample plate 26 and the lower sample plate 31 of the moving plate 27 are the same as the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate 27.
The ball test piece 28 is a rolling ball, the upper end of the block test piece 29 is provided with an inward concave arc surface 34, and the axial direction of the inward concave arc surface 34 extends along the left and right sides of the test module 4.
Wherein the block sample 29 is locked and fixed in the corresponding groove by an OK clip 30.
The mounting and positioning module 6 comprises a lower positioning block 35, an upper positioning block 36 and an upper plate limiting module 37;
a lower positioning block 35 is arranged at the left and right sides of the test module 4, the lower positioning block 35 is fixed on the bottom plate of the frame 1 through an OK clip 30 and is used for positioning the ball sample 28 on the lower sample plate 31; a bump is provided on one side of the lower positioning block 35, and an upper portion of the side of the lower positioning block 35 having the bump is attached to the moving plate 27 to limit the moving plate 27.
Preferably, the lower sample 28 is a sphere having magnetism, a cylindrical magnet 39 is provided at an end of the bump of the lower positioning block 35, and the cylindrical magnet 39 on the lower positioning block 35 is used to attract the ball sample 28 above the lower sample plate 31 to position the ball sample.
At this time, the ball samples 28 on the lower sample plate 31 are distributed in an isosceles triangle, and the base of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate 27.
The upper positioning blocks 36 are fixed on the left and right sides of the moving plate 27 (i.e., the left and right sides of the test module 4) and are used for positioning and limiting the ball sample 28 on the upper surface of the moving plate 27, and the upper positioning blocks 36 are arranged in an inverted L-shaped structure.
Preferably, the upper positioning block 36 is made of plastic, and has light weight and easy fixation.
Preferably, the ball sample 28 is a sphere having magnetism, the block sample 29 is a block having magnetism, a cylindrical magnet 39 is provided on a vertical section of the upper positioning block 36, and the vertical section of the upper positioning block 36 is fixed to the block sample 29 on the moving plate 27 by the cylindrical magnet 39 on the vertical section; a cylindrical magnet 39 is provided at the end of the horizontal section of the upper positioning block 36, and the cylindrical magnet 39 on the horizontal section is used to attract the ball sample 28 above the moving plate 27 to position it.
At this time, the ball samples 28 on the moving plate 27 are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, and the base of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate 27.
The upper plate limiting modules 37 are fixed on the front side and the rear side of the test module 4 and are used for fixing the upper sample plate 26; the upper plate limit module 37 is provided with a base and an upper plate limit rod 40 arranged on the base, the base is fixed on the bottom plate of the frame 1, one side of the limit rod is provided with a fifth groove 42, the upper sample plate 26 is provided with a boss 41 matched with the fifth groove, and the fifth groove is in clearance fit with the boss 41 for limiting the installation of the upper sample plate 26.
The reciprocating module 5 comprises a ball screw linear reciprocating module 15, an adjusting gasket set 16, a sliding block 17, a tension and pressure sensor 20 and a U-shaped connecting rod 24;
a first gasket 22 is arranged between the U-shaped connecting rod 24 and the tension and pressure sensor 20, the U-shaped connecting rod 24 is horizontally fixed at one end of the tension and pressure sensor 20 through the matching of a stud and a nut, the sliding block 17 is fixed at the U end of the U-shaped connecting rod 24 through a bolt, the other end of the tension and pressure sensor 20 is fixedly connected with a threaded hole 32 on the right side of the movable plate 27 through the stud 18, and a second gasket 19 is arranged between the tension and pressure sensor 20 and the movable plate 27;
the adjusting gasket set 16 is arranged on the bottom plate of the frame 1, the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15 is arranged on the adjusting gasket set 16, and the adjusting gasket set 16 is used for adjusting the height of the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15;
the first pad 22 can reduce the contact area between the pull pressure sensor 20 and the U-shaped connecting rod 24, so that the connection of the pull pressure sensor 20 and the U-shaped connecting rod is more firm, and the measurement accuracy of the pull pressure sensor 20 is improved.
The second spacer 19 can reduce the contact area between the pull pressure sensor 20 and the moving plate 27, so that the connection of the pull pressure sensor 20 and the moving plate is more firm, and the measurement accuracy of the pull pressure sensor 20 is improved.
The ball screw linear reciprocating module 15 is a linear reciprocating mechanism finished product formed by a servo motor and a ball screw, and the ball screw rotates under the drive of the servo motor and drives the sliding block 17 to generate reciprocating linear motion and is transmitted to the test module 4 to drive the rolling friction pair to perform linear reciprocating rolling friction motion.
The adjusting shim packs 16 are shim combinations of different thicknesses, stacked into different thicknesses by shims, for adjusting the height of the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15.
Preferably, for the non-magnetic ball sample 28 and the block sample 29, acrylic double-sided tape may be placed at the positions of the cylindrical magnets 39 of the lower positioning block 35 and the upper positioning block 36 to achieve the effect of adsorbing the ball sample 28 and mounting the upper positioning block 36.
A method for precisely measuring a rolling friction coefficient, using the above-mentioned apparatus for precisely measuring a rolling friction coefficient, the method comprising the steps of:
the lower sample plate 31 with the block sample 29 mounted thereon is placed in a square groove on the bottom plate of the frame 1 and locked and fixed by the OK clamps 30. The 3 ball samples 28 are placed in the middle of the concave circular arc surfaces 34 of the 3 block samples 29 in the lower sample plate 31, respectively. The 3 lower positioning blocks 35 are mounted on the frame 1 by the OK clips 30, and are tightly attached to the lower sample plates 31, and the ball samples 28 are positioned close to the cylindrical magnets 39 on the lower positioning blocks 35. The moving plate 27 with the mounted block samples 29 was placed over the ball samples 28 above the lower sample plate 31, 3 upper positioning blocks 36 were mounted to both sides of the moving plate 27, 1 ball sample 28 was placed in the middle of the concave circular arc surfaces 34 of the 3 block samples 29 above the moving plate 27, and the ball samples 28 were positioned close to the cylindrical magnets 39 of the upper positioning blocks 36. The 3 pieces of test pieces 29 are mounted in the grooves of the upper test piece plate 26 using the OK clamps 30. The surface of the upper sample plate 26, on which the block sample 29 is mounted, is placed downward above the ball sample 28 above the moving plate 27, and the concave arc surface 34 of the block sample 29 on the upper sample plate 26 is brought into contact with the ball sample 28 on the upper side of the moving plate 27 by the cooperation of the groove of the limit lever and the boss 41 of the upper sample plate 26, thereby completing the mounting. At this time, the positions of the moving plate 27 and the ball sample 28 are the reference positions. The upper surface of the upper sample plate 26 is in contact with the spherical protrusion of the load plate 14, bearing the load applied by the load module 3.
Wherein the reference positions refer to the mounting and positioning positions of six ball samples and the moving plate 27.
The equipment is used for sharing 6 ball samples when in operation, and every 3 ball samples are positioned on the same plane.
Three balls in the same plane at the reference position are required to meet the following two requirements:
1. the three ball samples are distributed in an isosceles triangle, and the bottom side of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the reciprocating linear motion direction of the moving plate 27.
2. The loading position of the loading module is positioned on the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle in the step 1, and the distance from the central axis to the left ball is L 1 The distance from the right two balls is L 2 And L is 1 Twice as much L 2 。
According to the load P at the reference position of the lever principle, the left ball sample receives a contact force F Left side Contact force F applied to right ball sample Right side The following relationship is satisfied: f (F) Left side *L 1 ＝2*F Right side *L 2 . Because of L at the reference position 1 Twice as much L 2 F therefore Left side ＝F Right side =1/3*P. The six balls are subjected to the same contact force at this time. The friction generated during rolling can be the same.
After the six ball samples and the moving plate are positioned by the installation positioning module, the six balls are positioned at the reference positions, and the position of the moving plate is the reference position of the moving plate.
In the reference position, the ball samples 28 between the moving plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26 are distributed in an isosceles triangle, and the bottom side of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate 27; meanwhile, the ball samples 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27 are distributed in an isosceles triangle, the bottom side of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the reciprocating linear motion direction of the moving plate 27, and the loading point of the spherical bulge of the loading plate 14 is positioned at the gravity center of the isosceles triangle formed by the ball samples 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27; the center of gravity of the isosceles triangle formed by the ball sample 28 between the moving plate 27 and the upper sample plate 26 corresponds to the position of the center of gravity of the isosceles triangle formed by the ball sample 28 between the lower sample plate 31 and the moving plate 27.
The pull pressure sensor 20 is mounted to the threaded bore 32 of the moving plate 27 using a stud, a second spacer 19. The U-shaped link 24 is mounted to the pull pressure sensor 20 using a stud, a first washer 22, and a nut 23. The height of the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15 is adjusted by changing the thickness of the gaskets in the adjusting gasket group 16, the position of the sliding block 17 is slightly adjusted by driving the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15, and then the U-shaped connecting rod 24 is connected with the sliding block 17 by bolts and is firmly installed.
The electric loading cylinder 10 of the starting loading module 3 applies a load, and after a certain load is applied, the lower positioning block 35, the upper positioning block 36 and the corresponding OK clip 30 are removed. The ball screw linear reciprocating module 15 is started to drive the moving plate 27 to perform fixed-frequency, low-speed, uniform-speed and short-distance linear reciprocating motion (the reciprocating distance is less than 10mm, and the moving linear speed is less than 10 mm/min), so that rolling friction of 12 pairs of friction pairs formed by 12 samples 29 and 6 ball samples 28 is realized. And simultaneously, the rolling friction force in the test process is collected by using the tension and pressure sensor 20. After the reciprocation is stopped several times, the ball screw linear reciprocation module 15 is driven to adjust the position of the moving plate 27, and when the lower positioning block 35 and the upper positioning block 36 are used to detect that the moving plate 27 is at the reference position, whether the ball sample 28 is at the reference position is also detected. If so, the test may be repeated, and if not, the test module 4 may be reinstalled.
For a ball test 28 and a block test 29 of a certain size, the adjustment shim stock 16 is only required to be adjusted in the first test. If the ball test piece 28 and the block test piece 29 are required to be changed in size, the height of the ball screw linear reciprocating module 15 is required to be adjusted again by adjusting the gasket group 16. And the corresponding lower positioning block 35 and upper positioning block 36 are replaced as required so as to avoid interference during positioning.
There are 3 rolling friction pairs in one plane, and 3 points can determine one plane, so as to ensure the stability of the contact system and the test process. 3 rolling friction pairs are arranged in one plane, and the plane can be determined by 3 points, so that the contact load of 3 groups of friction pairs in the loading process is consistent, and the influence of the dimensional tolerance of a sample on the contact load is avoided.
The rolling friction coefficient calculating method comprises the following steps:
unit N of test load P; non-dimensional coefficient of friction f r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A dimensional coefficient of friction e in mm; ball specimen diameter D, in mm.
Rolling friction force F unit N.
The rolling friction force during the test is collected by the pull pressure sensor 20. When the movable plate 27 reciprocates at the leftmost and rightmost positions (at this time, the ball specimen rolls to the leftmost and rightmost positions along the block specimen concave arc surface 34), there is no relative movement between the ball specimen 28 and the block specimen 29, and the frictional force is 0 at this time, that is, the rolling frictional force collected by the pull pressure sensor 20 is 0 (or lowest). The ball sample 28 and the block sample 29 are positioned at the reference position at the intermediate time when the rolling friction value of the adjacent two times is 0 (or the lowest) except the initial time.
Wherein, the leftmost and rightmost positions refer to the positions of the ball sample and the moving plate in the reciprocating motion process, which are leftmost and leftmost in the reciprocating motion range. The leftmost position and the rightmost position when the moving plate 27 reciprocates are symmetrical with respect to the reference position.
In the reciprocating motion process, the stress of the friction pair at the reference position 12 is completely consistent, and the friction coefficient can be calculated according to the rolling friction force F, the normal phase load P and the ball sample diameter D at the moment. There were 12 pairs of friction pairs in the test, wherein the resultant horizontal resistance force generated by the 6 pairs of friction pairs of the moving plate and the ball sample was equal to the rolling friction force F. I.e. each rolling contact point generates a horizontal resistance of F/6.
1. Coefficient of friction of the class
According to the definition of the rolling friction coefficient of the dimensionality (the principle of friction, 2 nd edition of the university of thermal poetry casting and bloom press society 2002), the stress balance of the ball sample is known: F/6*D =e (P/3) 2. Thus e=f x D/4p, the units of e remain identical to the units of D.
2. Non-dimensional coefficient of friction
From the dimensionality rolling friction coefficient definition (tribology principle 2 nd edition of Wenshi casting and bloom university press 2002) can be calculated: f (f) r ＝F/6/(P/3)＝2e/D。
The larger the difference between the total weight Q of the moving plate+six samples+six ball samples and the load P is, the smaller the contact load difference between each rolling friction pair is, considering the influence of the self weight of the parts and the samples. When P is more than or equal to 20 times Q, the contact force difference between each rolling contact friction pair is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the precision requirement of a common laboratory is met.
The rolling friction pair of the invention can be freely replaced according to experimental requirements. Therefore, the rolling friction coefficients of different rolling friction pairs can be measured according to experimental requirements, and the applicability is wide. The invention can calculate the rolling friction coefficient of a single ball sample by measurement, thereby realizing the measurement of the rolling friction coefficient of a single rolling friction pair.
The foregoing is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow modifications which may be made by the teachings of the present invention and the accompanying drawings or which may be directly or indirectly employed in other related art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An apparatus for accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient, comprising:
a frame (1);
the test module (4) comprises an upper sample plate (26), a moving plate (27), a lower sample plate (31) and a rolling friction pair; the lower sample plate (31) is arranged on the bottom plate of the frame (1), and the moving plate (27) and the upper sample plate (26) are sequentially arranged on the lower sample plate (31); the rolling friction pairs are arranged between the lower sample plate (31) and the moving plate (27) and between the moving plate (27) and the upper sample plate (26), and each rolling friction pair comprises a ball sample (28) and a block sample (29);
the loading module (3) is arranged above the test module (4) and is used for applying a vertical downward load to the test module (4);
and the reciprocating movement module (5) is arranged on the bottom plate of the frame (1) and connected with the moving plate (27) and used for driving the moving plate (27) to perform reciprocating linear movement so as to enable the ball sample (28) to perform reciprocating rolling on the block sample (29).
2. The apparatus for accurately measuring the rolling friction coefficient according to claim 1, further comprising:
the installation positioning module (6), installation positioning module (6) with test module (4) link to each other, are used for right test module (4) are fixed a position spacingly, make go up sample board (26), movable plate (27) and rolling friction pair are in the reference position.
3. The apparatus for accurately measuring the rolling friction coefficient according to claim 1, further comprising a loading module mounting plate (2), wherein the loading module (3) is fixed on a top plate or a side wall of the frame (1) through the loading module mounting plate (2).
4. The device for accurately measuring the rolling friction coefficient according to claim 1, wherein the loading module (3) comprises an electric loading cylinder (10), a pressure sensor (13) and a loading plate (14), the electric loading cylinder (10) is vertically arranged, the pressure sensor (13) is mounted at the lower end of the electric loading cylinder (10), the loading plate (14) is arranged at the bottom of the pressure sensor (13), and spherical protrusions are arranged on the lower surface of the loading plate (14) and are in contact with the upper surface of the upper sample plate (26).
5. The apparatus for precisely measuring the rolling friction coefficient according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein,
three first grooves are formed in the lower sample plate (31), the three first grooves are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the lower sample plate (31), and the three first grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite edges of the lower sample plate (31);
three second grooves are formed in the upper surface of the moving plate (27), the three second grooves are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the moving plate (27), and the three second grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite edges of the moving plate (27);
three third grooves are formed in the lower surface of the moving plate (27), the three third grooves are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the moving plate 27, and the three third grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite edges of the moving plate (27);
three fourth grooves are formed in the lower surface of the upper sample plate (26), the three fourth grooves are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, the symmetry axis of the isosceles triangle shape coincides with the central axis of the upper sample plate (26), and the three fourth grooves are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the upper sample plate (26);
the symmetry axes of the four isosceles triangles extend along the left and right sides of the test module (4), the first grooves correspond to the third grooves in distribution position, the second grooves correspond to the fourth grooves in distribution position, and the second grooves and the third grooves are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the movable plate (27);
each of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove is respectively provided with 1 block sample (29), and a ball sample (28) is placed on each of the block sample (29) on the lower sample plate (31) and the block sample (29) on the upper surface of the moving plate (27);
wherein the ball sample (28) is contacted with the block sample (29) to form a rolling friction pair, and the ball sample (28) can roll on the block sample (29) along the left and right sides of the test module (4);
the central axis directions of the upper sample plate (26) and the lower sample plate (31) of the moving plate (27) are the same as the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate (27).
6. The device for precisely measuring the rolling friction coefficient according to claim 5, wherein the ball test piece (28) is a rolling ball, the upper end of the block test piece (29) is provided with an inward concave arc surface (34), and the axial direction of the inward concave arc surface (34) extends along the left and right sides of the test module (4).
7. The apparatus for precisely measuring the rolling friction coefficient according to claim 5, wherein the ball test piece (28) is a cylindrical roller and the upper end of the block test piece (29) is a flat surface.
8. The device for precisely measuring the rolling friction coefficient according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that said installation positioning module (6) comprises a lower positioning block (35), an upper positioning block (36) and an upper plate limit module (37);
the lower positioning block (35) is fixed on the bottom plate of the frame (1) and used for positioning the ball sample (28) on the lower sample plate (31) and limiting the movable plate 27;
the upper positioning blocks (36) are fixed on the left side and the right side of the moving plate (27) and are used for positioning the ball sample (28) on the upper surface of the moving plate (27);
the upper plate limiting modules (37) are fixed on the front side and the rear side of the test module (4) and used for positioning and limiting the upper sample plate (26).
9. The device for precisely measuring the rolling friction coefficient according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the reciprocating module (5) comprises a ball screw linear reciprocating module (15), an adjusting gasket set (16), a slider (17), a tension pressure sensor (20), a U-shaped connecting rod (24);
the U-shaped connecting rod (24) is horizontally fixed at one end of the tension and pressure sensor (20), the sliding block (17) is arranged at the U end of the U-shaped connecting rod (24), and the other end of the tension and pressure sensor (20) is fixedly connected with the movable plate (27) through the stud (18);
the adjusting gasket set (16) is arranged on a bottom plate of the frame (1), the ball screw linear reciprocating module (15) is arranged on the adjusting gasket set (16), and the adjusting gasket set (16) is used for adjusting the height of the ball screw linear reciprocating module (15);
the ball screw linear reciprocating module (15) is a linear reciprocating mechanism finished product formed by a servo motor and a ball screw, and the ball screw rotates under the drive of the servo motor and drives the sliding block (17) to generate reciprocating linear motion.
10. A method of accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient, characterized by using the apparatus for accurately measuring a rolling friction coefficient according to claim 9, the method comprising the steps of:
a. the rolling friction pair is arranged on the test module (4), the installation positioning module (6) is used for positioning and limiting the test module (4), so that ball samples (28) between the moving plate (27) and the upper sample plate (26) are distributed in an isosceles triangle shape, and the bottom edges of the isosceles triangle shape are perpendicular to the reciprocating linear motion direction of the moving plate (27); the ball samples (28) between the lower sample plate (31) and the moving plate (27) are distributed in an isosceles triangle, and the bottom side of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate (27); the contact force of the ball sample (28) between the moving plate (27) and the upper sample plate (26) is the same as the contact force of the ball sample (28) between the lower sample plate (31) and the moving plate (27);
b. fixedly connecting the reciprocating movement module (5) with the moving plate (27) to enable the tension pressure sensor (20) and the moving plate (27) to be positioned at the same horizontal position;
c. placing a spherical protrusion of a loading plate (14) on the upper sample plate (26) such that a loading point of the spherical protrusion is located at a center of gravity of an isosceles triangle formed by a ball sample (28) between the lower sample plate (31) and the moving plate (27); starting the loading module 3 to apply load, transmitting the load to the test module (4) through the loading plate 14, and collecting the load in the process of the sample by using the pressure sensor (13);
d. disassembling the installation positioning module (6);
e. the ball screw linear reciprocating module (15) is started to drive the movable plate (27) to perform fixed-frequency, low-speed, uniform-speed and short-distance linear reciprocating motion, the reciprocating distance is less than 10mm, the moving linear speed is less than 10mm/min, rolling friction of the rolling friction pair is realized, and rolling friction force in the test process is collected by the pull pressure sensor (20);
f. the rolling friction force F when the ball sample (28) is at the reference position is measured by using the pull pressure sensor (20), the load P when the ball sample (28) is at the reference position is measured by using the pressure sensor (13), and the rolling friction coefficient is calculated according to the rolling friction force F, the load and the diameter of the ball sample (28);
wherein, the reference position refers to: ball samples (28) between the moving plate (27) and the upper sample plate (26) are distributed in an isosceles triangle, and the bottom sides of the isosceles triangle are perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate (27); meanwhile, the ball samples (28) between the lower sample plate (31) and the moving plate (27) are distributed in an isosceles triangle, the bottom side of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating linear motion of the moving plate (27), and the loading point of the spherical bulge of the loading plate (14) is positioned at the center of gravity of the isosceles triangle formed by the ball samples (28) between the lower sample plate (31) and the moving plate (27); the center of gravity of an isosceles triangle formed by the ball sample (28) between the moving plate (27) and the upper sample plate (26) corresponds to the position of the center of gravity of an isosceles triangle formed by the ball sample (28) between the lower sample plate (31) and the moving plate (27).
CN202310556301.1A 2023-05-17 2023-05-17 Equipment and method for accurately measuring rolling friction coefficient Pending CN116593385A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310556301.1A CN116593385A (en) 2023-05-17 2023-05-17 Equipment and method for accurately measuring rolling friction coefficient

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310556301.1A CN116593385A (en) 2023-05-17 2023-05-17 Equipment and method for accurately measuring rolling friction coefficient

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116593385A true CN116593385A (en) 2023-08-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310556301.1A Pending CN116593385A (en) 2023-05-17 2023-05-17 Equipment and method for accurately measuring rolling friction coefficient

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Country Link
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