CN116592726A - Explosion-proof and explosion-proof device for foamed aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material and processing method - Google Patents

Explosion-proof and explosion-proof device for foamed aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material and processing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116592726A
CN116592726A CN202310576601.6A CN202310576601A CN116592726A CN 116592726 A CN116592726 A CN 116592726A CN 202310576601 A CN202310576601 A CN 202310576601A CN 116592726 A CN116592726 A CN 116592726A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
explosion
unit
proof
panel
antiknock
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Pending
Application number
CN202310576601.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘彦
崔宁
武铮
王扬卫
张常乐
鲍佳伟
闫俊伯
白帆
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Priority to CN202310576601.6A priority Critical patent/CN116592726A/en
Publication of CN116592726A publication Critical patent/CN116592726A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/04—Inorganic
    • B32B2266/045—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/06—Open cell foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an explosion-proof device for a foamed aluminum polyurethane composite material and a processing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of barrier explosion-proof materials. An antiknock and flameproof device of foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material comprises an antiknock and flameproof unit, a bracket base, a steel keel bracket and a steel pressing strip; the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is of a sandwich structure of an anti-explosion panel, a core material and a back explosion panel, and the aspect ratio of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is e, wherein e is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2; the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion-facing panel are 6252 armor plates, the core material is spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material, and the polyurethane is PTMG type prepolymer; the steel pressing strips are symmetrically pressed on the surface of the anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit; the steel keel bracket is fixed on the bracket base, and the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is detachably fixed on the steel keel bracket. The device has strong flexibility, can realize rapid splicing, and solves the problem that the interface of the conventional laminated composite core layer structure material is easy to debond.

Description

Explosion-proof and explosion-proof device for foamed aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material and processing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of barrier explosion-proof materials, in particular to an explosion-proof device and a processing method for a foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material.
Background
Shock waves and fragments generated by accidental explosion of dangerous materials or intermediate products in the explosive production process are one of the main factors causing casualties, equipment property loss, sympathetic explosion and other secondary disasters. The explosion-proof and explosion-proof measures and materials used in the production process of the current industry still mainly limit high-risk procedures to an explosion-proof room, and are mostly reinforced concrete composite materials, so that the construction cost is high and the period is long; the fixed explosion-proof protection structure in part of the workshop mostly adopts reinforced concrete, high-strength explosion-proof steel plates and the like, has large dead weight and poor flexibility, and has poor energy absorption effect due to the fact that the action mechanism is mainly heavy resistance.
A large number of researchers and production enterprises in China develop researches on sandwich anti-explosion and explosion-proof materials composed of foam metal, high polymer materials and the like, and at present, common sandwich materials comprise honeycomb, foam, textile materials, foam aluminum, wood, grids and the like.
The foamed aluminum is a novel structural material which is formed by foaming aluminum metal and has a complex pore structure, light weight and high strength, has good characteristics of buffering, damping, energy absorption and the like due to the unique pore structure, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, ship, automobile manufacturing and the like; however, in the anti-explosion field, the traditional foamed aluminum material has insufficient strength, and is easy to generate large deformation and damage failure when being resistant to explosion shock waves in a short distance, so that the anti-explosion effect is difficult to realize, and the traditional foamed aluminum material is difficult to be independently applied to the anti-explosion and anti-explosion production field. The existing various composite sandwich structures mostly adopt materials with higher tensile strength such as high-strength resin, polyurethane, polyurea and the like to be pasted on the surface layer of foamed aluminum so as to improve the overall antiknock and antiknock performance, but the phenomenon of debonding and interlayer strength reduction of the multilayer structure is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the invention aims to provide an antiknock and flameproof device and a processing method of a foamed aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material, which are used for solving at least one of the following technical problems: 1. the existing antiknock and flameproof device has large self weight and poor flexibility; 2. the existing foamed aluminum composite material is used in the field of antiknock and explosion suppression, and adopts a laminated composite core layer structural design, so that debonding, low interlayer strength and low antiknock performance are easy to occur at a material interface.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an antiknock and flameproof device of a foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material, which comprises an antiknock and flameproof unit, a bracket base, a steel keel bracket and a steel pressing strip;
the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is of a sandwich structure of an explosion-facing panel, a core material and a back explosion panel, and the aspect ratio of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is e, wherein e is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2;
the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion-facing panel are 6252 armor plates, the core material is a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material, and the polyurethane is PTMG type prepolymer;
the steel press bars are symmetrically pressed on the surface of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
the steel keel bracket is fixed on the bracket base, and the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is detachably fixed on the steel keel bracket.
Further, when the actual application scene is a scene that no fragments are entrained in the shock wave after explosion, the thickness of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion-facing panel are both more than or equal to 8mm; when the actual application scene is the scene of fragments carried by the shock waves after explosion, the thickness of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion-facing panel is more than or equal to 15mm; the thickness of the core material is more than or equal to 25mm.
Further, the steel keel supports comprise vertical steel keel supports and transverse steel keel supports, the number of the vertical steel keel supports is a/c+1, the number of the transverse steel keel supports is b/d+1, wherein a is wide in installation range, b is high in installation range, c is long in antiknock and flameproof units, d is wide in antiknock and flameproof units, and the units are mm.
Further, the explosion-facing panel, the core material and the back explosion panel are combined and formed in a hot pressing or gluing mode, and the bonding strength is more than or equal to 0.65MPa.
The invention also provides a processing method of the foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material anti-explosion and anti-explosion device, which is used for processing the anti-explosion and anti-explosion device and comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy meeting the aperture and static tensile strength as a base material, heating a polyurethane material to be molten, applying pressure through a pressurizing die, slowly injecting the polyurethane material into a foam aluminum alloy matrix, standing at room temperature, and fully solidifying polyurethane to fill holes to form a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material;
Step 2: carrying out mechanical property test on the prepared spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material and 6252 armor plate, and determining mechanical parameters;
step 3: establishing a simulation calculation model comprising an anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit model, simulating the anti-explosion performance of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit model under the actual explosion shock wave load condition, and determining the thickness of a core material of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thicknesses of an explosion-facing panel and a back explosion panel and the aperture range of a sphere open-cell foam aluminum alloy substrate;
step 4: according to the determined length and width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thickness of the core material, the thicknesses of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion panel and the aperture range of the foamed aluminum alloy base material, combining the spherical open-cell foamed aluminum alloy filling polyurethane composite material prepared in the step 1 with a 6252 armor plate to obtain the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
step 5: the surface of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is covered with a steel pressing strip, and the steel pressing strip is connected through bolts to form a pre-fixed steel pressing strip-anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
step 6: and connecting the pre-fixed steel batten-antiknock and flameproof unit with the steel keel bracket through bolts to obtain the antiknock and flameproof device.
Further, in the step 1, the pressure is 3-3.5t, and the standing time is 36-48h.
Further, the step 3 includes the following steps:
s31: according to the actual application scene and the working condition installation condition, primarily determining the size of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, wherein the size comprises the length and the width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thickness of the explosion-facing panel, the thickness of the core material and the back explosion panel, and the aperture range of the core material; determining equivalent TNT explosive equivalent and frying distance according to actual application scenes;
s32: establishing a first simulation geometric model according to the initially determined size of the antiknock and explosion-proof unit, the equivalent TNT explosive equivalent and the explosion distance;
s33: dividing grids of an explosion-proof and anti-explosion unit geometric model, an explosive geometric model and an air model in the first simulation geometric model respectively, carrying out material modeling, and respectively endowing the explosion-proof and anti-explosion unit geometric model, the explosive geometric model and the air model with corresponding material properties to obtain a second simulation geometric model;
s34: setting boundary conditions and calculation control conditions to obtain a first simulation calculation model;
s35: detonating the explosive to obtain the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the first simulation calculation model;
s36: analyzing the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the first simulation calculation model, judging whether the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel meets the use condition, and if so, determining the size of the explosion-proof unit; if the data do not meet the requirements, selectively adjusting the length and the width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, and facing one or more data among the thicknesses of the explosion panel, the core material and the back explosion panel and the aperture range of the core material;
S37: repeating the steps S31-S35 according to the thicknesses of the explosion-proof panel, the core material and the back explosion-proof panel and the aperture range of the core material after adjustment, establishing a second simulation calculation model, detonating explosive to obtain the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the second simulation calculation model, judging whether the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel meets the use condition, and if so, determining the size of the explosion-proof unit; if the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model in the Nth simulation calculation model meets the use condition, and the size of the explosion-proof unit is determined.
Further, in step S31, the equivalent TNT explosive is a cylindrical explosive cake.
Further, in step S33, the mesh size is 10mm or less.
Further, in step S36, the use condition is that the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is less than or equal to 1/40 of the width of the antiexplosion and flameproof unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit main body in the anti-explosion and anti-explosion device is of a panel-core material-panel sandwich structure, the core material is a composite material formed by filling open-cell foam aluminum alloy with polyurethane, the integrity of the core material is improved, and compared with a conventional multi-layer composite material anti-explosion structure, the number of the core layers is reduced; the open-cell foam aluminum alloy with higher self elastic modulus and strength is selected as a framework of the composite core material, so that the functions of supporting and energy absorption are provided; the polyurethane high polymer material with strong fluidity is selected for melting, pressurizing and filling, so that a composite energy-absorbing core layer of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material is formed, the problem of insufficient strength and plasticity when the foam aluminum alloy absorbs energy is solved, and meanwhile, a heat insulation effect is provided, so that the problem of high heat conduction and transfer speed of the exploded metal material is solved; the number of the composite core layers can be effectively reduced through the mode, and the problem that the material interfaces are easy to debond and the interlayer strength is low in a conventional laminated composite core layer structural design scheme is solved.
2. According to the invention, the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy is filled with the polyurethane composite material core material and the anti-explosion steel plate to form the composite anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, so that ammunition fragments, scattered matters excited by impact and the like possibly occurring after explosion are blocked by utilizing the advantage of high self tensile strength of the anti-explosion steel plate, and meanwhile, the functions of shaping and diffusing near-explosion shock waves are achieved, so that the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is more suitable for various anti-explosion and anti-explosion use scenes such as loading, assembly, packaging, detection and the like.
3. According to the anti-explosion and explosion-proof device, the anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit is connected with the steel batten and the steel keel bracket through bolts, so that the explosion accident working conditions between conventional working procedures of actual explosives and powders are attached, the construction period is short, the flexibility is high, and rapid splicing can be realized; local replacement of the damaged deformation unit can be realized, and the capability of recovering the quick anti-explosion and explosion-proof effect is improved; in addition, the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit can be flexibly replaced by an anti-explosion transmission window or a hole, and the functions of material transmission or window observation are realized.
4. The main body of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit in the anti-explosion and anti-explosion device is of a panel-core material-panel sandwich structure, and a composite material formed by filling polyurethane with open-cell foam aluminum alloy is selected as a core material, so that under the same volume condition, the weight of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion device can be reduced by more than 75% by adopting the composite material formed by filling polyurethane with the open-cell foam aluminum alloy to replace a common high-strength anti-explosion steel plate.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of an antiknock flame-proof device of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the antiknock flame-proof device of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antiknock unit of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1-an antiknock and flameproof unit; 2-vertical steel keel brackets; 3-transverse steel keel brackets; 4-bolt holes; 5-bolts; 6, a bracket base; 7-sphere open cell foam aluminum alloy; 8-polyurethane; 9-6252 steel plate.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the application is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the application, are used to explain the principles of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
An antiknock and flameproof device of foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material comprises an antiknock and flameproof unit, a bracket base, a steel keel bracket and a steel pressing strip;
the anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit is a sandwich structure of an explosion-facing panel, a core material and a back explosion panel; the length-width ratio of the antiknock explosion unit is e, and e is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2;
The explosion-facing panel and the back explosion-facing panel are 6252 armor plates, the core material is a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material, and the polyurethane is PTMG type prepolymer;
the steel press bars are symmetrically pressed on the surface of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
the steel keel bracket is fixed on the bracket base, and the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is detachably fixed on the steel keel bracket.
The number of the steel pressing strips is 8, the steel pressing strips are symmetrically pressed on the surface of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, and bolt holes are arranged on the steel pressing strips at intervals of 120-150mm and are used for realizing the pre-fixation with the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit through mounting bolts, so that an installable whole is obtained; the length of the steel pressing strip is equal to the length of the long side and the wide side of the antiknock and flameproof unit respectively, the width of the steel pressing strip is more than or equal to 125mm, and the thickness of the steel pressing strip is 8-12mm.
According to the installation conditions and the sizes of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion units, the number of the vertical and the horizontal steel keel supports is determined, the installation range (namely, the installation size required by the actual working condition) is a, the height is b, the length of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is c, the width is d, the number of the vertical steel keel supports is a/c+1, the number of the horizontal steel keel supports is b/d+1, and each vertical steel keel support is connected with the support base in a pouring mode to form a stable connection structure for providing the supporting conditions and realizing hoisting movement. The vertical keel support and the horizontal keel support are respectively provided with a bolt hole, the bolt holes correspond to the bolt holes on the steel layering, the connection among the steel layering, the antiknock and explosion-proof unit and the steel keel support is realized through mounting bolts, and the length of the mounting bolts is 1.5-2 times of the thickness of the antiknock and explosion-proof unit (namely the sum of the thickness of the antiknock panel, the thickness of the back explosion panel and the thickness of the core material).
The explosion-proof panel and the back explosion-proof panel in the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit are 6252 armored steel plates and are mainly used for providing the functions of shaping the impact wave front of the explosion-proof face and resisting ammunition fragments, scattered substances excited by impact and the like after explosion, so that the thickness of the panel is not too thin, otherwise, the panel is difficult to play the roles; if the thickness of the panel is too thick, the light weight of the whole anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit is affected, so that anti-penetration calculation is carried out according to the actual application scene, the thickness of the panel is determined, so that fragments possibly scattered after explosion of a product in the application scene can just penetrate the panel, and secondary disasters are prevented; exemplary, if the actual application scene is a scene with fragments carried by the shock waves after being fried, the thickness of the panel is more than or equal to 15mm; if the actual application scene is a scene without fragments entrained by the blasts after frying, the thickness of the panel is more than or equal to 8mm.
The explosion-facing panel, the core material and the back explosion panel are combined and formed in a hot pressing or gluing mode, and the bonding strength is more than or equal to 0.65MPa.
The core material is a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material, and the thickness is more than or equal to 25mm in order to ensure the energy absorption effect of the core material; wherein the aperture of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy is one of 4-5mm, 7-8mm and 9-11mm, and the static compression strength is more than 10MPa; the polyurethane is PTMG type prepolymer, and the static tensile strength is more than or equal to 55MPa. The core material is made of spherical open-pore foamed aluminum alloy, polyurethane materials meeting the strength requirements are melted into a liquid state with good fluidity at high temperature on the premise of fully ensuring the connectivity and permeability of the holes, liquid polyurethane is extruded into the holes of the foamed aluminum alloy by adopting a hot working process, the liquid polyurethane is kept in a pressurized state until the holes are fully filled with the liquid polyurethane to form the core material, and the core material is used for absorbing shock waves after explosion of dangerous materials. The core material is used as a main energy absorption component of the whole antiknock and explosion-proof unit, the thickness of the core material and the aperture of the foamed aluminum alloy substrate are required to meet the use requirement, the foamed aluminum alloy substrate is required to select a proper aperture range, the difficulty of penetrating the polyurethane material into the substrate after melting is increased due to the too small aperture, the specific gravity of the polyurethane material penetrating the substrate after melting is increased due to the too large aperture, and the energy absorption effect of the whole spherical open-cell foamed aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material as the core material can be influenced. Therefore, the aperture of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy is one of 4-5mm, 7-8mm and 9-11 mm; after the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled with polyurethane is filled with polyurethane composite material core materials and spherical open-cell foam aluminum core materials with the same thickness and the same aperture are subjected to Hopkinson bar dynamic compression test, preferably, the aperture of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy is 7-8mm, and the dynamic compression strength of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy with the aperture is the largest, so that the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy is most suitable for filling base materials of the core materials.
The anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit main body in the anti-explosion and anti-explosion device is of a panel-core material-panel sandwich structure, the core material is a composite material formed by filling polyurethane with spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy, the integrity of the core material is improved, and compared with a conventional multi-layer composite material anti-explosion structure, the number of core layers is reduced; the open-cell foam aluminum alloy with higher self elastic modulus and strength is selected as a framework of the composite core material, so that the functions of supporting and energy absorption are provided; the polyurethane high polymer material with strong fluidity is selected for melting, pressurizing and filling, so that a composite energy-absorbing core layer of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material is formed, the problem of insufficient strength and plasticity when the foam aluminum alloy absorbs energy is solved, and meanwhile, a heat insulation effect is provided, so that the problem of high heat conduction and transfer speed of the exploded metal material is solved; the number of the composite core layers can be effectively reduced through the mode, and the problem that the material interfaces are easy to debond and the interlayer strength is low in a conventional laminated composite core layer structural design scheme is solved. In addition, the device is characterized in that the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit is respectively connected with the steel pressing strip and the steel keel bracket through bolts, so that the device is more suitable for the explosion accident condition between the conventional working procedures of actual explosives and powders, has short construction period and strong flexibility, and can realize rapid splicing; when the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is damaged or needs to be replaced by an anti-explosion observation window, a transmission window or a hole, the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit at the corresponding position can be taken down from the steel keel bracket, so that the local replacement of the damaged deformation unit is realized, and the capability of recovering the quick anti-explosion and anti-explosion effect is improved; the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is flexibly replaced by an anti-explosion transmission window or a hole and the like, so that the functions of material transmission or window observation and the like are realized.
The invention also provides a processing method of the foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material anti-explosion and anti-explosion device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy meeting the aperture and static tensile strength as a base material, heating a polyurethane material to be molten, applying pressure through a pressurizing die, slowly injecting the polyurethane material into a foam aluminum alloy matrix, standing at room temperature, and fully solidifying polyurethane to fill holes to form a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material;
step 2: carrying out mechanical property test on the prepared spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material and 6252 armor plate, and determining mechanical parameters;
step 3: establishing a simulation calculation model comprising an anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit model, simulating the anti-explosion performance of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit model under the actual explosion shock wave load condition, and determining the length and width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thickness of a core material, the thicknesses of an explosion-facing panel and a back explosion panel, and the aperture range of a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy substrate;
step 4: according to the determined length and width of the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit, the thickness of the core material, the thicknesses of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion panel and the aperture range of the sphere open-cell foam aluminum alloy base material, combining the sphere open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material prepared in the step 1 with a 6252 armor steel plate to obtain the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit comprising a sandwich structure consisting of the explosion-facing panel, the core material and the back explosion panel; the explosion-facing panel, the core material and the back explosion panel are combined and formed in a hot pressing or gluing mode, and the bonding strength is more than or equal to 0.65MPa.
Step 5: the surface of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is covered with a steel pressing strip, and the steel pressing strip is connected through bolts to form a pre-fixed steel pressing strip-anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
step 6: and connecting the pre-fixed steel batten-antiknock and flameproof unit with the steel keel bracket through bolts to obtain the antiknock and flameproof device.
Specifically, in the step 1, a spherical open-cell type foamed aluminum alloy meeting the aperture and static tensile strength is selected as a base material, wherein the aperture of the spherical open-cell type foamed aluminum alloy is one of 4-5mm, 7-8mm and 9-11mm, the static compression strength is more than 10MPa, and the spherical open-cell type foamed aluminum alloy base material is cleaned by a high-pressure water gun and naturally dried before being used, so that impurities such as metal scraps, salt grains and the like in holes are reduced; the PTMG polyurethane prepolymer is selected, the static tensile strength of the PTMG polyurethane prepolymer can reach 55MPa, and compared with the conventional polyurethane material (the static tensile strength is about 30 MPa), the static tensile strength is improved by nearly one time, and the PTMG polyurethane prepolymer can better play a supporting role. When the polyurethane material is heated to 200-250 ℃, polyurethane is in a molten state, so that good fluidity is formed, and the polyurethane material can fully infiltrate into the holes of the open-cell foam aluminum alloy; the polyurethane material has good melt state fluidity and relatively short time, and can enable the foamed aluminum alloy matrix to form internal and external pressure difference by applying 3-3.5t pressure, so that the flow rate of the melt state polyurethane is increased, and the filling rate of the polyurethane is increased to more than 80%; and (3) keeping the pressurizing mould at 15-25 ℃ for 36-48h, standing, and cutting off and grinding off redundant polyurethane outside the sample after the polyurethane is fully solidified and filled in the foam aluminum alloy holes, thus obtaining the required spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material.
Specifically, in the step 2, the prepared spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material and 6252 armor plate are subjected to quasi-static compression performance test, dynamic compression performance test and three-point bending performance test, and the quasi-static compression strength, quasi-static tensile strength, quasi-static three-point bending strength, dynamic compression strength and dynamic compression strength of the material are determined, so that a basis is provided for building a geometric model of an antiknock and explosion-proof unit. Wherein, the quasi-static compressive strength of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material is not less than 15MPa (under normal temperature), the quasi-static three-point bending strength is not less than 17MPa (under normal temperature), the dynamic compressive strength is not less than 20MPa (strain rate 160-500 s) -1 Under normal temperature conditions; 6252 armor plate with quasi-static tensile strength not less than 1500MPa (at normal temperature), quasi-static compressive strength not less than 1600MPa (at normal temperature), dynamic compressive strength not less than 1500MPa (strain rate 2000-4000 s) -1 Under normal temperature conditions).
Specifically, the step 3 includes the following steps:
s31: according to the actual application scene and the working condition installation condition, primarily determining the size of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, wherein the size comprises the length and the width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thickness of the explosion-facing panel, the thickness of the core material and the back explosion panel, and the aperture range of the core material; determining equivalent TNT explosive equivalent and frying distance according to actual application scenes;
S32: establishing a first simulation geometric model according to the initially determined size of the antiknock and explosion-proof unit, the equivalent TNT explosive equivalent and the explosion distance;
s33: dividing grids of an explosion-proof and anti-explosion unit geometric model, an explosive geometric model and an air model in the first simulation geometric model respectively, carrying out material modeling, and respectively endowing the explosion-proof and anti-explosion unit geometric model, the explosive geometric model and the air model with corresponding material properties to obtain a second simulation geometric model;
s34: setting boundary conditions and calculation control conditions to obtain a first simulation calculation model;
s35: detonating the explosive to obtain the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the first simulation calculation model;
s36: analyzing the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the first simulation calculation model, judging whether the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel meets the use condition, and if so, determining the size of the explosion-proof unit; if the data do not meet the requirements, selectively adjusting the length and the width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, and facing one or more data among the thicknesses of the explosion panel, the core material and the back explosion panel and the aperture range of the core material;
S37: repeating the steps S31-S35 according to the thicknesses of the explosion-proof panel, the core material and the back explosion-proof panel and the aperture range of the core material after adjustment, establishing a second simulation calculation model, detonating explosive to obtain the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the second simulation calculation model, judging whether the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel meets the use condition, and determining the size of the explosion-proof unit if the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel meets the use condition; if the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model in the Nth simulation calculation model meets the use condition, determining the size of the explosion-proof unit.
Specifically, in step S31, the antiknock and flameproof unit is a cuboid, the equivalent TNT explosive is generally a cylindrical explosive cake, and the frying distance refers to the distance between the bottom surface of the explosive column and the upper surface of the antiknock and flameproof unit.
Specifically, in step S32, the first simulation geometric model includes an antiknock and flameproof unit geometric model, an explosive geometric model, and an air model; when the geometrical model of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is built, a three-dimensional symmetrical model is adopted, namely, the center of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is taken as a coordinate origin, the short side of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is taken as an X axis, the long side of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is taken as a Y axis, the vertical to an XY plane is taken as a Z axis, an axisymmetrical model is built, and the symmetrical constraint condition of displacement constraint in the normal direction is applied. Preferably, in order to reduce the calculated amount, the geometric model of the antiknock and flameproof unit in the first simulation geometric model can be simplified according to the working condition of the practical application scene, an X axis is taken as a symmetry axis, and a 1/4 or 1/2 finite element model of the geometric model of the antiknock and flameproof unit is taken to replace the integral geometric model of the antiknock and flameproof unit; correspondingly, the geometric model of the explosive and the air model are simultaneously subjected to equal proportion simplification; because the geometric model of the antiknock and flameproof unit is an axisymmetric model, the simplified calculation result can represent the calculation result of the geometric model of the integral antiknock and flameproof unit after the axisymmetric boundary condition is adopted.
Specifically, in step S33, the mesh size is less than or equal to 10mm; when endowing the antiknock flameproof unit with material properties, according to different calculation conditions and precision requirements, there are two modes: under the condition of limited calculation conditions and low precision requirements, taking a spherical open-CELL FOAM aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material core material as a single homogeneous material, uniformly modeling by using a MAT_closed_CELL_FOAM or MAT_Crusible_foam model according to the whole volume, substituting the elastic modulus, equivalent stress, static compressive strength and yield stress of the spherical open-CELL FOAM aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material obtained in the step 2, and endowing the spherical open-CELL FOAM aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material core material with the properties; under the conditions of better calculation conditions and high precision requirements, firstly adopting a 3D tomography technology to scan the section of a spherical open-cell Foam aluminum alloy substrate without filling polyurethane, reducing the section into a solid model on a computer to simulate the hole distribution of an actual open-cell Foam aluminum alloy, replacing air with polyurethane in the hollow part of the hole, then using a MAT_Crushable_foam model to complete material modeling, substituting the quasi-static compressive strength, the quasi-static tensile strength, the quasi-static three-point bending strength, the dynamic compressive strength and the dynamic compressive strength of the spherical open-cell Foam aluminum alloy filling polyurethane composite material obtained in the step 2, and endowing the spherical open-cell Foam aluminum alloy filling polyurethane composite material with the material properties;
The method is characterized in that Johnson-Cook constitutive relation is adopted for both the explosion-facing steel plate and the back explosion steel plate, the model assumes that the strength of the material meets isotropy and is independent of average stress, and the elastic modulus, equivalent stress, static compressive strength and yield stress of the 6252 armor steel plate obtained in the step 2 are substituted, so that the material properties of the explosion-facing steel plate and the back explosion steel plate are endowed;
the TNT EXPLOSIVE adopts a MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN material model and an EOS_ JWL state equation to describe the state of an EXPLOSIVE detonation product;
and the air model adopts an empty material unit MAT_NULL and a GRUNEISEN state equation to complete the material modeling of the air model.
And respectively endowing the first simulation geometric model with corresponding material properties of the explosion-proof and anti-explosion unit geometric model, the explosive geometric model and the air model, and then obtaining a second simulation geometric model.
Specifically, in step S34, the boundary condition setting includes: setting contact parameters between materials of the antiknock and flameproof unit and setting four sides to restrict various displacements and corners in accordance with the installation conditions of the actual working conditions; the contact parameters between the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit materials include: dynamic friction coefficient, static friction coefficient, contact stiffness. Calculating control conditions including calculation time, time step, mass scaling coefficient, HOURGLASS control and global damping viscosity coefficient, wherein the time step uses automatic time control and uses Hourgass keywords to independently perform HOURGLASS control on the frame; and calculating time, namely selecting time which can be used for acquiring the process that the antiknock and explosion-proof unit reaches the maximum back plate displacement.
Specifically, in the steps S36 and S37, the use condition is that the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is less than or equal to 1/40 of the width of the anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit; if the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is greater than 1/40 of the width side length of the explosion-proof and flame-proof unit, the thickness of the back explosion panel can be preferentially adjusted; if the overall internal energy of the anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit is smaller, the thickness of the core material can be adjusted preferentially; finally, the aperture range of the core material is adjusted.
In the step 5, the steel pressing strips are symmetrically pressed on the surface of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit and are connected through bolts to form a pre-fixed steel pressing strip-anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit; the size of the steel pressing strip is determined according to the size of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the length of the steel pressing strip is equal to the length of each side of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, and the width of the steel pressing strip is not less than 125mm; the thickness of the steel pressing strip is 8-12mm, and screw holes are arranged on the steel pressing strip every 120-150 mm; the steel pressing strip and the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit are also supported by cushion layers such as wooden wedges or wooden blocks, and the steel pressing strip and the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit are connected by bolts with the length being 1.5-2 times of the thickness of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, so that a pre-fixed steel pressing strip-anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is obtained, and the pre-fixed steel pressing strip-anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is an installable whole.
Specifically, in the step 6, the pre-fixed steel batten-antiknock explosion-proof unit is aligned with the bolt hole on the steel keel bracket, and the fastening installation of the bolt connection is performed, so that the pre-fixed steel batten-antiknock explosion-proof unit and the steel keel bracket are firmly fixed.
The foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material anti-explosion and anti-explosion device has excellent anti-explosion performance, and the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel after explosion is not more than 1/40 of the wide side length of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit; the main body of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit in the anti-explosion and anti-explosion device is of a panel-core material-panel sandwich structure, and a composite material formed by filling polyurethane with open-cell foam aluminum alloy is selected as a core material, and the density range is 1700kg/m 3 -1840kg/m 3 The density of the high-strength antiknock steel plate commonly used in the industry is 7800kg/m 3 Under the same volume condition, the invention adopts the composite material formed by filling polyurethane with the open-cell foam aluminum alloy to replace the common high-strength antiknock steel plate, and the weight can be reduced by more than 75 percent.
Example 1
The processing of the foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material anti-explosion and anti-explosion device is completed, and the actual application scene is the scene that no fragments are entrained in the shock wave after being fried.
The method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: selecting a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy meeting the aperture and static tensile strength as a base material, heating a polyurethane material to be molten, applying pressure through a pressurizing die, slowly injecting the polyurethane material into a foam aluminum alloy matrix, standing at room temperature, and fully solidifying polyurethane to fill holes to form a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material;
wherein, the aperture of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy is 9-11mm, and the static compression strength is 12MPa; the polyurethane is PTMG type polyurethane prepolymer, and the static tensile strength can reach 55MPa; heating at 250 ℃ and 3t; standing at 25 ℃ for 48h.
Step 2: performing quasi-static compression performance test, dynamic compression performance test and three-point bending performance test on the prepared spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material and 6252 armor plate, and determining mechanical parameters;
wherein, the quasi-static compressive strength of the spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material is 22MPa, the quasi-static three-point bending strength is 25MPa, and the dynamic compressive strength (380 s) -1 To 390s -1 )32.4MPa。
The 6252 armor plate had a quasi-static tensile strength of 1589.1MPa, a quasi-static compressive strength of 1683MPa, and a dynamic compressive strength (strain rate 4000s -1 ) 1823MPa.
Step 3: establishing a simulation calculation model comprising an explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit model, simulating the explosion-proof performance of the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit model under the actual explosion shock wave load condition, and determining the thickness of a core material of the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit, the thicknesses of an explosion-facing panel and a back explosion panel and the aperture range of a sphere open-cell type foam aluminum alloy substrate:
s31: according to the actual application scene and the working condition installation condition, primarily determining the size of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, wherein the size comprises the length and the width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thickness of the explosion-facing panel, the thickness of the core material and the back explosion panel, and the aperture range of the core material; determining equivalent TNT explosive equivalent and frying distance according to actual application scenes;
wherein the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit has a length of 1000mm, a width of 400mm, the thicknesses of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion-facing panel are both 8mm, the thickness of the core material is 40mm, the aperture range of the core material is 9-11mm, TNT equivalent is set to 3Kg, the shape of a medicine cake is cylindrical (phi 132.85mm multiplied by 132.85 mm), and the frying distance is 500mm.
S32: according to the size of the antiknock and flameproof unit preliminarily determined in the step S31, equivalent TNT explosive equivalent and explosion distance are obtained, the center of the antiknock and flameproof unit is taken as a coordinate origin, the short side of the antiknock and flameproof unit is taken as an X axis, the long side of the antiknock and flameproof unit is taken as a Y axis, and an axisymmetric model is established perpendicular to an XY plane and taken as a Z axis, namely a first simulation geometric model;
S33: dividing grids of an antiknock and antiknock unit geometric model, an explosive geometric model and an air model in the first simulation geometric model respectively, carrying out material modeling, and respectively attaching corresponding material properties of the antiknock and antiknock unit geometric model, the explosive geometric model and the air model to obtain a second simulation geometric model;
wherein the geometrical model grid size of the anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit is 8mm, the explosive model grid size is 8mm, the air model grid size is 10mm, and the air domain size is 300 multiplied by 600 multiplied by 800mm 3 ；
Substituting the mechanical property parameters of the spherical open-cell Foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material obtained in the step 2 into a MAT_Crusible_foam model, and substituting the mechanical property parameters of a 6252 armor plate into a Johnson-Cook model; the TNT EXPLOSIVE adopts a MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN model and an EOS_ JWL state equation to describe the state of EXPLOSIVE detonation products, and an air domain adopts a MAT_NULL model to complete material modeling.
S34: setting boundary conditions and calculation control conditions to obtain a first simulation calculation model;
the boundary condition setting includes: setting contact parameters between materials of the antiknock and flameproof unit and setting four sides to restrict various displacements and corners in accordance with the installation conditions of the actual working conditions; the contact parameters between the explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit materials include: dynamic friction coefficient, static friction coefficient, contact stiffness.
The calculation control conditions are as follows: calculating time 3s, wherein the time step uses automatic time control, and the frame is independently subjected to HOURGLASS control by using HOURGLASS keywords, the mass scaling coefficient is 0.67, the global damping viscosity coefficient, the secondary term coefficient is 1.5, and the primary term coefficient is 0.06.
S35: detonating the explosive to obtain the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the first simulation calculation model;
wherein the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is 7.66mm, and the internal energy of the whole antiexplosion and flameproof unit is 0.899KJ.
S36: and analyzing the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof and flame-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof and flame-proof unit in the first simulation calculation model, wherein the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel meets 1/40 (10 mm) of the wide side length of the explosion-proof and flame-proof unit or less, and meets the use condition, and the size of the explosion-proof and flame-proof unit model is determined to be the actual size of the explosion-proof and flame-proof unit.
Step 4: according to the determined explosion-proof unit with the length of 1000mm, the width of 400mm, the core material thickness of 40mm and the thicknesses of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion panel of 8mm, the aperture range of the foamed aluminum alloy base material is 9-11mm, and the spherical open-cell foamed aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material prepared in the step 1 is combined with a 6252 armor steel plate to obtain the explosion-proof unit with a sandwich structure consisting of the explosion-facing panel, the core material and the back explosion panel; the explosion-facing panel, the core material and the back explosion panel are bonded by adopting high-performance AB glue, and the shearing strength of the bonding surface is measured to be about 0.65MPa;
Step 5: the steel battens are covered on the upper and lower sides of each side of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit and are connected through bolts to form a pre-fixed steel batten-anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
the size of the steel pressing strip is determined according to the size of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the length of the steel pressing strip is equal to the length of each side of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the lengths are 1000mm and 400mm respectively, and the width of the steel pressing strip is 130mm; the thickness of the steel pressing strip is 10mm, and screw holes are arranged on the steel pressing strip every 150 mm; and (3) using bolts (namely, the bolt length is 84 mm) with the length of 1.5 times of the thickness of the explosion-proof unit (the sum of the thicknesses of the explosion-proof panel, the core material and the explosion-proof panel is 56 mm) to carry out bolt connection on the steel pressing strip and the explosion-proof unit to obtain a pre-fixed steel pressing strip-explosion-proof unit, wherein the pre-fixed steel pressing strip-explosion-proof unit is an installable whole.
Step 6: and connecting the pre-fixed steel batten-antiknock and flameproof unit with the steel keel bracket through bolts to obtain the antiknock and flameproof device.
Through simulation test, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is 7.66mm after explosion under the application scene and the working condition installation condition, and the panel internal energy is 0.889KJ.
Example 2
The practical application scene of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, the thickness of the preliminarily determined explosion-facing panel and the thickness of the back explosion-proof panel are 8mm, the thickness of the core material is 60mm, the other parameters are the same as those of embodiment 1, and according to steps 1-3, the maximum displacement of the back explosion-proof panel of the explosion-proof unit model in the first simulation calculation model is 6.43mm, and the internal energy of the explosion-proof unit is 0.798KJ; and (4) obtaining the antiknock and explosion-proof device according to the steps 4-6.
Through simulation test, the maximum displacement of the back plate after explosion occurs under the working conditions and application scenes is 6.43mm, and the inner energy of the panel is 0.798KJ.
In this embodiment, after the thickness of the core material is increased, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is reduced, the overall internal energy of the anti-explosion and flameproof unit is reduced, which means that the energy absorption efficiency of the core material is reduced, so that the economic and lightweight requirements of embodiment 1 are better and the use effect is better on the premise that the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 meets the use requirement.
Example 3
The practical application scenario of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, the thickness of the preliminarily determined explosion-facing panel and the thickness of the back explosion-facing panel are 10mm, the thickness of the core material is 40mm, the other parameters are the same as those of embodiment 1, the maximum displacement of the back explosion-facing panel of the explosion-proof unit model in the first simulation calculation model is 4.46mm according to steps 1-3, and the explosion-proof device is obtained according to steps 4-6.
Through simulation test, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the anti-explosion and explosion-proof device is 4.46mm after explosion under the working condition and the application scene.
In this embodiment, after the thickness of the antiknock steel panel is increased, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is obviously reduced, and the condition of 1/40 of the critical value of the wide side length of the antiknock unit is further satisfied, which indicates that the antiknock effect of the panel is improved, so that the antiknock effect of this embodiment is better and the use effect is better on the premise that the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel in both embodiment 1 and this embodiment satisfies the use requirement, and the antiknock effect can be adopted when the deformation requirement of the back plate of the antiknock unit is more strict.
Example 4
The practical application scene of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the pore diameter of the foam aluminum matrix in the foam aluminum-polyurethane core material is 7-8mm, the other parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and according to the steps 1-3, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model in the first simulation calculation model is 4.46mm, and the whole energy of the explosion-proof unit is 0.61KJ; and (4) obtaining the antiknock and explosion-proof device according to the steps 4-6.
Through simulation test, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the anti-explosion and explosion-proof device is 4.46mm after explosion under the working condition and the application scene, and the whole internal energy of the anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit is 0.61KJ.
In this embodiment, after the pore size range of the foamed aluminum matrix of the core material of the antiknock unit is changed from 9-11mm to 7-8mm, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is obviously reduced, and the threshold condition of 1/40 of the wide side length of the antiknock unit is further satisfied, which indicates that the antiknock effect of the panel is improved, so that the antiknock effect of this embodiment is better and the use effect is better on the premise that the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of both embodiment 1 and embodiment satisfies the use requirement, and the method can be adopted when the deformation requirement of the back plate of the antiknock unit is more strict.
Comparative example 1
The practical application scene of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, the thickness of the preliminarily determined explosion-facing panel and the thickness of the back explosion-proof panel are 8mm, the thickness of the core material is 20mm, the other parameters are the same as those of embodiment 1, and according to steps 1-3, the maximum displacement of the back explosion-proof panel of the explosion-proof unit model in the first simulation calculation model is 10.48mm, and the integral internal energy of the explosion-proof unit is 0.382KJ; and (4) obtaining the antiknock and explosion-proof device according to the steps 4-6.
Through simulation test, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is 10.48mm after explosion under the working conditions and application scenes, and the panel internal energy is 0.382KJ.
In the comparative example, after the thickness of the core material is reduced, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is increased, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is not more than 1/40 of the wide side length of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, and meanwhile, the overall internal energy of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is also reduced, so that the energy absorption efficiency and the anti-explosion effect of the core material are both reduced, and the use requirement is not met.
Comparative example 2
The practical application scene of the comparative example is the same as that of the example 1, the core material is polyurethane-free filled foamed aluminum instead of polyurethane-filled foamed aluminum core layer, and the thickness of the core material is 20mm; the other parameters are the same as in example 1, and according to the steps 1-3, the maximum displacement of a back explosion panel of an explosion-proof and flame-proof unit model in the first simulation calculation model is 13.3mm, and the whole internal energy of the explosion-proof and flame-proof unit is 1.11KJ; and (4) obtaining the antiknock and explosion-proof device according to the steps 4-6.
Through simulation test, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is 13.3mm after explosion under the working condition and the application scene, and the panel internal energy is 1.11KJ.
In the comparative example, the core material is polyurethane-free filled foamed aluminum to replace a polyurethane-filled foamed aluminum core layer, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is increased, the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is not more than or equal to 1/40 of the wide side length of the anti-explosion and explosion-proof unit, the anti-explosion effect of the core material is reduced, and the use requirement is not met.
Table 1 is a table of maximum displacement of back explosion panel and overall internal energy data of the explosion-proof and flameproof unit of the explosion-proof and flameproof device of the examples and the comparative examples.
Table 1 table of the antiknock and flameproof performance data of examples and comparative examples
Group of Back explosion panel maximum displacement (mm) Integral internal energy of antiknock unit (KJ)
Example 1 7.66 0.889
Example 2 6.43 0.798
Example 3 4.46 ——
Example 4 4.46 0.610
Comparative example 1 10.48 0.382
Comparative example 2 13.3 1.11
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The explosion-proof and explosion-proof device for the foam aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material is characterized by comprising an explosion-proof and explosion-proof unit, a bracket base, a steel keel bracket and a steel pressing strip;
the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is of a sandwich structure of an explosion-facing panel, a core material and a back explosion panel, and the aspect ratio of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is e, wherein e is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2;
the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion-facing panel are 6252 armor plates, the core material is a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material, and the polyurethane is PTMG type prepolymer;
The steel press bars are symmetrically pressed on the surface of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
the steel keel bracket is fixed on the bracket base, and the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is detachably fixed on the steel keel bracket.
2. The anti-explosion and explosion-proof device according to claim 1, wherein the actual application scene is a scene of no entrained fragments of the shock wave after explosion, and the thickness of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion panel are both more than or equal to 8mm; the actual application scene is a scene of fragments entrained by the blasted shock waves, and the thickness of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion-facing panel is more than or equal to 15mm; the thickness of the core material is more than or equal to 25mm.
3. The antiknock and flameproof device according to claim 2, wherein the steel keel brackets comprise vertical steel keel brackets and transverse steel keel brackets, the number of the vertical steel keel brackets is a/c+1, the number of the transverse steel keel brackets is b/d+1, wherein a is wide in installation range, b is high in installation range, c is long as antiknock and flameproof units, d is wide as antiknock and flameproof units, and the units are all mm.
4. The explosion-proof and explosion-proof device according to claim 3, wherein the explosion-proof panel, the core material and the back explosion panel are combined and formed in a hot pressing or gluing mode, and the bonding strength is more than or equal to 0.65MPa.
5. A method for processing the anti-explosion and anti-explosion device of the foamed aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material, which is used for processing the anti-explosion and anti-explosion device of any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy meeting the aperture and static tensile strength as a base material, heating a polyurethane material to be molten, applying pressure through a pressurizing die, slowly injecting the polyurethane material into a foam aluminum alloy matrix, standing at room temperature, and fully solidifying polyurethane to fill holes to form a spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material;
step 2: carrying out mechanical property test on the prepared spherical open-cell foam aluminum alloy filled polyurethane composite material and 6252 armor plate, and determining mechanical parameters;
step 3: establishing a simulation calculation model comprising an anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit model, simulating the anti-explosion performance of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit model under the actual explosion shock wave load condition, and determining the thickness of a core material of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thicknesses of an explosion-facing panel and a back explosion panel and the aperture range of a sphere open-cell foam aluminum alloy substrate;
step 4: according to the determined length and width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thickness of the core material, the thicknesses of the explosion-facing panel and the back explosion panel and the aperture range of the foamed aluminum alloy base material, combining the spherical open-cell foamed aluminum alloy filling polyurethane composite material prepared in the step 1 with a 6252 armor plate to obtain the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
Step 5: the surface of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit is covered with a steel pressing strip, and the steel pressing strip is connected through bolts to form a pre-fixed steel pressing strip-anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit;
step 6: and connecting the pre-fixed steel batten-antiknock and flameproof unit with the steel keel bracket through bolts to obtain the antiknock and flameproof device.
6. The method for manufacturing an antiknock device according to claim 5, wherein in step 1, the pressure is 3 to 3.5t and the standing time is 36 to 48 hours.
7. The method of manufacturing an antiknock device according to claim 5, wherein the step 3 comprises the steps of:
s31: according to the actual application scene and the working condition installation condition, primarily determining the size of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, wherein the size comprises the length and the width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, the thickness of the explosion-facing panel, the thickness of the core material and the back explosion panel, and the aperture range of the core material; determining equivalent TNT explosive equivalent and frying distance according to actual application scenes;
s32: establishing a first simulation geometric model according to the initially determined size of the antiknock and explosion-proof unit, the equivalent TNT explosive equivalent and the explosion distance;
s33: dividing grids of an explosion-proof and anti-explosion unit geometric model, an explosive geometric model and an air model in the first simulation geometric model respectively, carrying out material modeling, and respectively endowing the explosion-proof and anti-explosion unit geometric model, the explosive geometric model and the air model with corresponding material properties to obtain a second simulation geometric model;
S34: setting boundary conditions and calculation control conditions to obtain a first simulation calculation model;
s35: detonating the explosive to obtain the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the first simulation calculation model;
s36: analyzing the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the first simulation calculation model, judging whether the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel meets the use condition, and if so, determining the size of the explosion-proof unit; if the data do not meet the requirements, selectively adjusting the length and the width of the anti-explosion and anti-explosion unit, and facing one or more data among the thicknesses of the explosion panel, the core material and the back explosion panel and the aperture range of the core material;
s37: repeating the steps S31-S35 according to the thicknesses of the explosion-proof panel, the core material and the back explosion-proof panel and the aperture range of the core material after adjustment, establishing a second simulation calculation model, detonating explosive to obtain the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model and the overall internal energy of the explosion-proof unit in the second simulation calculation model, judging whether the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel meets the use condition, and if so, determining the size of the explosion-proof unit; if the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel of the explosion-proof unit model in the Nth simulation calculation model meets the use condition, and the size of the explosion-proof unit is determined.
8. The method for manufacturing an antiknock device according to claim 7, wherein in step S31, the equivalent TNT explosive is a cylindrical cake.
9. The method for manufacturing an antiknock device according to claim 7, wherein in step S33, the mesh size is 10mm or less.
10. The method for manufacturing an antiknock and flameproof device according to claim 7, wherein in the step S36, the use condition is that the maximum displacement of the back explosion panel is not more than 1/40 of the width of the antiknock and flameproof unit.
CN202310576601.6A 2023-05-22 2023-05-22 Explosion-proof and explosion-proof device for foamed aluminum alloy polyurethane composite material and processing method Pending CN116592726A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117248643A (en) * 2023-11-20 2023-12-19 中国船舶集团国际工程有限公司 Buffer protection device of antiknock compartment, installation method of buffer protection device and antiknock compartment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117248643A (en) * 2023-11-20 2023-12-19 中国船舶集团国际工程有限公司 Buffer protection device of antiknock compartment, installation method of buffer protection device and antiknock compartment
CN117248643B (en) * 2023-11-20 2024-02-06 中国船舶集团国际工程有限公司 Buffer protection device of antiknock compartment, installation method of buffer protection device and antiknock compartment

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