CN116587009A - Conductive vibration composite cutting processing method for metal material - Google Patents
Conductive vibration composite cutting processing method for metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN116587009A CN116587009A CN202310314686.0A CN202310314686A CN116587009A CN 116587009 A CN116587009 A CN 116587009A CN 202310314686 A CN202310314686 A CN 202310314686A CN 116587009 A CN116587009 A CN 116587009A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 cemented carbide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 32
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
- B23P25/003—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress immediately preceding a cutting tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention discloses a conductive vibration composite cutting processing method of a metal material, which comprises the steps of supplying low-voltage high-flow direct current to a metal workpiece when the metal material is cut by using a cutting tool, and enabling the temperature of the material around a cutting area to be rapidly increased and the hardness of the material to be reduced due to the effect of an electric heating effect generated by current aggregation in a narrow processing cutting area, so that the metal material is easy to cut; meanwhile, the vibration device is utilized to make the cutting tool perform regular forced vibration, so that the composite cutting of conduction and vibration is realized. The method comprises the specific steps of installing a power supply and a vibration device, adjusting the power supply and the vibration parameters, and conducting vibration cutting processing on a metal workpiece on a machine tool workbench. The conductive vibration composite cutting processing method for the metal material has the advantages of being compatible with conductive cutting and vibration cutting, widens the use types of cutters and the processing types of materials, and is an effective method for cutting difficult-to-process metal materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a conductive vibration composite cutting processing method of a metal material.
Background
With the development of scientific technology, particularly in the industrial fields of aerospace, national defense, military industry and the like, the requirements on the performance and quality of machines and parts thereof are higher and higher, engineering structural materials with special performance are widely applied to the requirements, more and more difficult-to-process metal materials such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, superalloy and the like are appeared, the machining efficiency is low by using the traditional machine, the production cost is high, and the machining precision is difficult to improve. The requirements of new materials on cutting processability, processing precision and surface quality are well met, new challenges are presented to the existing processing technology, and the processing methods such as conductive heating cutting processing, vibration cutting processing and the like are compound processing technologies gradually formed under the background.
At present, the conductive heating assisted cutting technology is electric contact heating cutting, namely, in the cutting process, low voltage and high current are introduced into a loop formed by a cutter and a workpiece, so that the material generates joule heat, a cutting layer area is heated, the temperature is increased, the hardness of the cutting layer area is reduced, the processing efficiency is improved, and the conductive heating assisted cutting technology has the advantages which are not available in the traditional single processing technology, and is one of the development directions of the manufacturing technology in the high-efficiency processing field of the difficult-to-process material.
However, the current conductive heating cutting technology has a great disadvantage that firstly, the technology is not suitable for cutting machining of non-metal non-conductive material cutters (such as ceramic cutters, diamond cutters, cubic boron nitride cutters and the like), so that the range of the cutters is limited, and the range of the processed materials is also greatly limited; secondly, intermittent cutting cannot be performed, because a strong arc phenomenon can be generated during intermittent cutting, so that the cutter can be burnt to influence the service life and the surface processing quality of the cutter, and the processing safety is reduced; finally, it cannot be used in cutting processes with high cutting speeds, which also greatly affects the efficiency of the process. This has caused a great limitation in the use of such conductive heated cutting techniques in which the tool and workpiece form a circuit.
Vibration cutting is a type of pulse cutting, which is a controlled, regular vibration of a certain parameter (frequency, amplitude) applied to a tool during conventional cutting. In the cutting process, the cutter and the workpiece are periodically contacted and separated, and the cutting speed and the cutting direction are continuously changed, so that the vibration cutting has a plurality of advantages, such as greatly reducing the cutting force, obviously reducing the cutting temperature, improving the service life of the cutter, improving the machining precision and the surface quality, controlling the shape and the size of chips, improving the chip removal condition and improving the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the machined surface, and particularly, the vibration cutting has good machining effect in difficult-to-machine materials and difficult-to-machine working procedures of common materials. It has penetrated many fields as a new processing technology in precision processing and difficult processing materials processing, has made the traditional processing technology have new development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior conductive heating cutting technology and analyzing the prior vibration cutting technology, integrates the respective characteristics of the two novel composite cutting processing technologies, realizes organic combination, and achieves the advantages of supplementing the advantages and being compatible with the two processing technologies.
The composite machining method for conducting vibration cutting of metal material is one composite machining method with electrothermal effect, low voltage and high current DC current to conduct conducting heating to the cutting area and vibration cutting to the cutter.
The invention adopts a direct current power supply with low voltage and large current, and installs a special anode joint on (one end of) a metal material to enable a workpiece to be connected with the anode of the power supply; a power cathode electrode (wire) connector is arranged on the cutter, and the cathode electrode is contacted with the bottom of a chip layer formed by machining to form a current loop, and the cutter is insulated from a machine tool, namely, current does not pass through the cutter. Because the cutting area (especially the chip layer) is relatively narrow, a large amount of current generates current density concentration (shown in figure 1) in the cutting area, so that a large amount of joule heat, namely an electrothermal effect, is generated, the temperature of the material in the cutting area (especially the chip layer) is rapidly increased, the hardness of the material in the cutting area is greatly reduced, the cutting is easy, and the cutting efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the cutter performs vibration cutting, and the cutter is not conductive (important difference from the existing conductive heating technology), so that the advantages of vibration cutting processing are fully reflected, and the defects of the existing conductive heating cutting processing method, such as cutter burning, arc generation, incapability of intermittent processing and incapability of high-speed processing, are well avoided; moreover, the composite machining technology can use any type of tool (metal and nonmetal materials) for machining, and is not limited to the existing conductive heating technology, which requires that a metal tool is used for forming a loop, so that conductivity is realized. Therefore, the two processing technologies can be well organically combined, the advantages of the two technologies are compatible, the technical defects of the two technologies are avoided, the use types of cutters are expanded, the types of material processing are expanded, and the method is an effective method for cutting and processing the metal difficult-to-process materials, so that the method becomes a novel composite processing technology.
The method comprises the specific steps of installing a special machine head and a vibration device for processing the anode by a low-voltage high-current direct-current power supply on a machine tool, adjusting proper power supply and vibration parameters, and conducting vibration cutting processing on a metal workpiece placed on an anode workbench.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim: a conductive vibration composite cutting processing method of a metal material comprises the following steps:
(1) Installing a direct current power supply device:
the processing method adopts a low-voltage high-current direct-current power supply, and a power supply device is arranged at a proper position;
(2) Installing a special joint for a direct current power supply processing anode:
installing a special joint for a direct-current power supply processing anode on a machine tool, and connecting a power supply anode cable with a special machine head for the power supply anode;
(3) Installing a power supply cathode:
the cathode connector is arranged on the cutter and connected with a direct current power supply cathode cable in parallel;
(4) Mounting vibration device
The vibration device is arranged at a proper position of the machine tool and is connected and fixed with the cutting tool.
(5) And (3) installing a workpiece:
mounting a metal material workpiece on an anode workbench by using a tool;
(6) Starting a vibration device:
the vibration device is turned on to cause the cutting tool to vibrate in a selected direction.
(7) Turning on a direct current power supply device:
setting power parameters in a direct current power supply device, starting the direct current power supply device to conduct electric conduction heating on a workpiece after mechanical cutting starts, wherein the power supply device is adjustable and can input a DC0-24V power supply, and then outputting current between 0 and 500A to obtain current according to processing requirements.
(8) Starting the cutting machine tool:
starting the cutting machine tool, and conducting vibration cutting to the workpiece by the cutting tool.
Furthermore, in the step (2), the connection position of the special machine head for processing the cathode of the direct-current low-voltage high-current power supply and the machine tool is subjected to insulation treatment, and is connected with the direct-current power supply anode cable through a quick-connection plug.
Further, the cutting tool in the step (3) is subjected to insulation treatment, an insulation layer is additionally arranged between the machine tool and the mounting position of the cutting tool, and the cutting tool is connected with a direct current power supply cathode cable through a quick-connection plug.
6. Further, the vibration means in step (4) may vibrate at low frequency (20-200 HZ) or at high frequency (> 16 kHZ); the vibration device may be a mechanical vibration cutting device and an ultrasonic vibration cutting device; the vibration direction is mainly the main motion direction, and the feeding motion direction, the depth cutting motion direction and the compound vibration cutting can be also realized according to the processing requirements.
Further, the cutting tool described in step (6) is all types of tools suitable for cutting metallic materials, including high-speed steel, cemented carbide, diamond, ceramic tools, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention improves the prior conductive heating cutting technology, well combines the vibration cutting technology, namely adopts a processing method of combining low-voltage high-current direct-current power supply to conduct conductive heating and vibration cutting on a metal workpiece, obtains the advantages of two technical processes, and has the advantages compared with the traditional single conductive heating cutting technology or single vibration cutting process, as follows: the vibration cutting is carried out simultaneously by conducting heating, and the cutter is non-conductive (the main difference from the existing conducting heating technology), so that the advantages of vibration cutting processing are fully reflected, and the defects of the existing conducting heating cutting processing method, such as cutter burning, arc generation, incapability of intermittent processing and incapability of high-speed processing, are well avoided; moreover, the composite machining technology can use any type of tool (metal and nonmetal) for machining, and is not limited to the existing conductive heating technology, which requires that a metal tool is used for forming a loop, so that conductivity is realized. Therefore, by improving the existing conductive cutting technology, the two processing technologies can be well organically combined, the advantages of the two technologies are compatible, and the technical defects are avoided; the method expands the use types of cutters, enlarges the processing types of materials, is an effective method for cutting and processing the difficult-to-process materials of metals, can well meet the cutting and processing requirements of the difficult-to-process materials used by aerospace, national defense and military products, and is a novel high-quality composite processing technology.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the conductive vibratory cutting process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the working state of the conductive vibration cutting process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic vibration device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of turning vibration cuts in different directions;
reference numerals illustrate: 1. a direct current power supply; 2. a power supply anode joint; 3. a machine tool clamp; 4. a metal workpiece; 5. a chip layer; 6. a cutter; 7. a power supply cathode joint; 8. a cathode cable; 9. and a vibration device.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 4:
(1) And (3) installing a low-voltage high-current direct-current power supply device:
the processing method adopts an adjustable direct current power supply, and the power supply device 1 is required to be installed at a proper position;
(2) Installing a direct current power supply to process an anode joint:
installing a special power supply processing anode connector 2 on a machine tool, and connecting a power supply anode cable with the special power supply anode connector 2;
(3) Installing a power supply cathode:
the cathode connector 7 is arranged on the cutting tool 6 and connected with the direct current power supply cathode cable 8 in parallel;
(4) Mounting vibration device
The vibration device 9 is installed at a proper position and is fixedly connected with the cutting tool 6.
(5) And (3) installing a workpiece:
mounting a metal material workpiece 4 on an anode workbench by using a tool;
(6) Starting a vibration device:
the vibration means 9 are turned on so that the cutting tool 6 vibrates in a selected direction.
(7) Turning on a direct current power supply device:
the DC power supply device 1 is provided with power supply parameters, after mechanical cutting is started, the DC power supply device is started to conduct electric conduction heating on the workpiece 4, the power supply device is adjustable, a DCO-24V power supply can be input, and current can be output between 0 and 500A according to processing requirements to obtain current.
(8) Starting the cutting machine tool:
starting a cutting machine tool, and conducting vibration cutting processing on the workpiece 4 by a cutting tool 6;
the position where the special joint 2 for the direct current power supply processing anode in the step (2) is connected with a machine tool is subjected to insulation treatment, and is connected with a direct current power supply anode cable through a quick connection plug.
The cutting tool 6 in step (3) is to be insulated, and an insulating layer is also added between the cathode connector 7 and the mounting position of the tool 6, and is connected with the pulse power cathode cable 8 through a quick-connection plug.
The vibration device 9 in the step (4) may be a low-frequency and high-frequency pulse vibration device.
The machining tool 6 in the step (6) is suitable for all tools for cutting the metal material workpiece 4, including high-speed steel tools, hard alloy tools, diamond tools and other tools.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The conductive vibration composite cutting processing method of the metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Installing a direct current power supply device:
the processing method adopts a low-voltage high-current direct-current power supply, and a power supply device is arranged at a proper position;
(2) Installing a special joint for a direct current power supply processing anode:
installing a special joint for a direct-current power supply processing anode on a machine tool, and connecting a power supply anode cable with a special machine head for the power supply anode;
(3) Installing a power supply cathode:
the cathode connector is arranged on the cutter and connected with a direct current power supply cathode cable in parallel;
(4) Mounting vibration device
The vibration device is arranged at a proper position of the machine tool and is connected and fixed with the cutting tool.
(5) And (3) installing a workpiece:
mounting a metal material workpiece on an anode workbench by using a tool;
(6) Starting a vibration device:
the vibration device is turned on to cause the cutting tool to vibrate in a selected direction.
(7) Turning on a direct current power supply device:
setting power parameters in a direct current power supply device, starting the direct current power supply device to conduct electric conduction heating on a workpiece after mechanical cutting starts, wherein the power supply device is adjustable and can input a DC0-24V power supply, and then outputting current between 0 and 500A to obtain current according to processing requirements.
(8) Starting the cutting machine tool:
starting the cutting machine tool, and conducting vibration cutting to the workpiece by the cutting tool.
2. The conductive vibration composite cutting processing method of metal materials according to claim 1, wherein the special machine head for processing the cathode of the direct-current low-voltage high-current power supply in the step (2) is subjected to insulation treatment at the connection position of the machine tool, and is connected with a direct-current power supply anode cable through a quick-connection plug.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool in step (3) is insulated, an insulating layer is added between the machine tool and the mounting position of the cutting tool, and the insulating layer is connected with a direct current power supply cathode cable through a quick-connection plug.
4. The method of conducting vibration composite cutting machining of a metallic material according to claim 1, wherein the vibration means in step (4) is capable of vibrating at low frequency (20-200 HZ) or at high frequency (> 16 kHZ); the vibration device may be a mechanical vibration cutting device or an ultrasonic vibration cutting device; the vibration direction is mainly the main motion direction, and the feeding motion direction, the depth cutting motion direction and the compound vibration cutting can be also realized according to the processing requirements.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cutting tool in step (6) is all types of tools suitable for cutting metal materials, including high-speed steel, cemented carbide, diamond, ceramic tools, etc.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310314686.0A CN116587009A (en) | 2023-03-28 | 2023-03-28 | Conductive vibration composite cutting processing method for metal material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310314686.0A CN116587009A (en) | 2023-03-28 | 2023-03-28 | Conductive vibration composite cutting processing method for metal material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116587009A true CN116587009A (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310314686.0A Pending CN116587009A (en) | 2023-03-28 | 2023-03-28 | Conductive vibration composite cutting processing method for metal material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116587009A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-03-28 CN CN202310314686.0A patent/CN116587009A/en active Pending
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