CN116583665A - Piston ring - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a piston ring, which is provided with a wear-resistant layer formed by wear-resistant materials on the outer peripheral surface of a base material, and can easily judge the wear state of the wear-resistant layer from the appearance, wherein the piston ring is provided with a sliding surface (3) formed by laminating the wear-resistant layer (2 a) of the wear-resistant materials and an adapting layer (2 b) on the outer periphery of the base material (1) to form a flush surface, a wear identification material (4) formed by members different from the base material (1) is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the base material (1), and the top of the wear identification material (4) and the sliding surface (3) are preferably flush.

Description

Piston ring

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a piston ring, and more particularly, to a piston ring in which a wear-resistant layer made of a wear-resistant material is formed on an outer peripheral surface of a base material, and in which the wear state of the wear-resistant layer can be easily determined from the appearance.

Background

Piston rings of internal combustion engines (for example, marine two-stroke diesel engines) such as diesel engines have sliding surfaces on the outer peripheries thereof sliding on cylinder liners to cause wear.

As described in patent document 1, in recent years, a structure in which a wear-resistant layer formed of ceramics, metal, or the like is formed on a sliding surface in order to improve wear resistance has been the mainstream.

Prior art literature

Patent literature

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 3-125077

Disclosure of Invention

As described above, in recent years, a piston ring has been mainly configured such that a wear-resistant layer is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a base material. The wear-resistant layer is formed such that the outer peripheral surface is a sliding surface facing the cylinder liner, and an adaptation layer (formed of Metal or the like) is further used as the outer layer, using a ceramic (Cermet) layer or the like as a wear-resistant material.

The abrasion-resistant layer formed by using the Cermet (cerset) layer has a small difference between the color and surface shape and the base material, and therefore it is difficult to distinguish the abrasion state (polishing) of the abrasion-resistant layer in the external appearance, and abrasion may occur even in the base material.

In particular, since the piston ring is subjected to an appearance inspection in a state of being assembled to a diesel engine in a ship engine room with insufficient brightness, and the appearance inspection is performed by a ship attendant instead of an expert involved in manufacturing the piston ring, it is difficult to confirm the wearing state of the sliding surface from the appearance.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a piston ring in which a wear-resistant layer made of a wear-resistant material is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a base material, and the wear state of the wear-resistant layer can be easily determined from the external appearance.

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

The above object is achieved by the following means.

(mode of piston ring with wear-resistant layer and adaptation layer (2 layers) formed thereon)

1. A piston ring having a sliding surface formed in a flush plane, the sliding surface being formed by forming a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material on the outer periphery of a base material, and further laminating an adapter layer on the outer layer of the wear-resistant layer,

a wear-identifying material formed by a member different from the base material is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base material.

2. In the piston ring according to the above 1, the top of the wear-identifying material is flush with the sliding surface.

3. In the piston ring according to the above 1, the top of the wear-identifying material is covered with the adapter layer.

4. The piston ring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a wear-identifying material formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer and the adapter layer is embedded in the wear-resistant layer and/or the adapter layer.

5. The piston ring according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein the wear-detecting material is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from an outer peripheral side of the sliding surface.

6. A piston ring having a sliding surface formed in a flush plane, the sliding surface being formed by forming a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material on the outer periphery of a base material, and further laminating an adapter layer on the outer layer of the wear-resistant layer,

the outer peripheral surface of the base material is provided with a wear identification concave portion.

7. In the piston ring described in the above 6, a wear-identifying material formed by a member different from the base material is fitted in the wear-identifying recess.

8. In the piston ring according to the item 6 or 7, the wear-recognition recess is covered with the wear-resistant layer and/or the adapter layer.

9. The piston ring according to any one of the above 6 to 8, wherein the wear-identifying concave portion is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from an outer peripheral side of the sliding surface.

10. The piston ring according to any one of the above 6 to 9, wherein a wear-identifying material formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer and the adapter layer is embedded in the wear-resistant layer and/or the adapter layer.

(invention of piston ring with wear-resistant layer (Single layer) formed only)

11. A piston ring comprising an annular base material, wherein,

a wear identification concave part is arranged on the outer periphery of the base material,

The outer peripheral surface of the base material is covered with a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material, and the surface of the wear-resistant layer is a sliding surface.

12. In the piston ring according to the above 11, the wear-identifying concave portion is provided to a predetermined depth from the outer peripheral surface of the base material.

13. In the piston ring according to 11 or 12, a wear-identifying material formed by a member different from the base material is fitted into the wear-identifying recess.

14. In the piston ring according to the above 13, the top of the wear-identifying material and the outer peripheral surface of the base material are formed in a flush plane.

15. In the piston ring according to item 13, a 2 nd wear-identifying material formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer is embedded in the wear-resistant layer.

16. In the piston ring according to 15, the wear-identifying material and the 2 nd wear-identifying material are formed as an integral member.

17. In the piston ring according to 15, the wear-identifying material and the 2 nd wear-identifying material are formed as separate members.

18. A piston ring comprising an annular base material, wherein,

the outer peripheral surface of the base material is covered with a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material, the surface of the wear-resistant layer is a sliding surface, and a wear-identifying concave portion is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the wear-resistant layer.

19. The piston ring according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the wear-identifying concave portion is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from an outer peripheral side of the sliding surface.

20. A piston ring comprising an annular base material, wherein,

the outer peripheral surface of the base material is covered with a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material, the surface of the wear-resistant layer is a sliding surface, and a wear-resistant identification material formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer is embedded in the wear-resistant layer.

21. In the piston ring according to any one of claims 13 to 17 and 20, the wear-identifying material is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface.

Effects of the invention

The present invention can provide a piston ring in which a wear-resistant layer made of a wear-resistant material is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a base material, and the wear state of the wear-resistant layer can be easily determined from the external appearance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a piston ring according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a piston ring according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 1, (a) showing an unworn state, (b) showing a polished state of the adapter layer, and (c) showing a polished state of the wear-resistant layer.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part in embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 2, (a) shows an unworn state, (b) shows a polished state of the adapter layer, (c) shows a polished state of the wear-resistant layer, and (d) shows a state where the base material has worn by a certain amount.

Fig. 6A is an enlarged perspective view and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of main parts showing the steps (groove processing) (a) to (d) of manufacturing the wear-identifying concave portion in embodiment 3.

Fig. 6B is an enlarged perspective view and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main parts of the process (groove process) (e) for producing the abrasion-resistant layer and the process (f) for producing the adaptive layer in embodiment 3.

Fig. 7A is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 4, (a) shows an unworn state, (b) shows a state in which the adapter layer is worn, (c) shows a state in which the adapter layer has been polished, and (d) shows a state in which the wear-resistant layer is worn.

Fig. 7B is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 4, (e) shows a state where the wear-resistant layer has been polished, and (f) shows a state where the base material has worn by a certain amount.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 5, (a) shows an unworn state, (b) shows a state in which the wear-resistant layer has been polished, and (c) shows a state in which the base material has worn by a certain amount.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged perspective view and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of main parts of the manufacturing steps (groove processing) (a) to (e) showing the wear-identifying concave portion and the fitting layer in an example of the manufacturing step of embodiment 5.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 6, (a) showing an unworn state, (b) showing a state in which the wear-resistant layer has been polished, and (c) showing a state in which the base material has worn by a certain amount.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 7, (a) shows an unworn state, (b) shows a state in which the wear-resistant layer has worn, (c) shows a state in which the wear-resistant layer has been polished, and (d) shows a state in which the base material has worn by a certain amount.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 8, (a) showing an unworn state, (b) showing a state in which the abrasion-resistant layer is worn, and (c) showing a state in which the abrasion-resistant layer is polished.

Description of the reference numerals

1 base material 2 outer peripheral layer 2a abrasion-resistant layer

2b adapting layer 3 sliding surface 4 abrasion identification material

4a 1 st wear identification material 4b 2 nd wear identification material 5 wear identification concave portion

5a 1 st wear-identifying recess 5b 2 nd wear-identifying recess 6 fusion material

101 forming cutter

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a piston ring according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a piston ring according to the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a piston ring according to the present invention has an outer peripheral layer 2 formed on the outer periphery of a base material 1 formed in a ring shape. The outer peripheral layer 2 is configured to be provided with a wear-resistant layer 2a formed of a wear-resistant material, and the outer peripheral surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a becomes the sliding surface 3. In embodiment 1 to embodiment 4, an adaptation layer (adaptation layer) 2b is formed further on the outer layer of the wear-resistant layer 2a, and the outer peripheral surface of the adaptation layer 2b is the sliding surface 3.

In addition, the color and surface shape of a ceramic-Metal layer of the wear-resistant layer 2a, which is sprayed or plated on the outer peripheral surface of the base material, are less different from those of the base material.

(invention of piston ring with wear-resistant layer and adapting layer (2 layers)

Hereinafter, embodiments 1 to 4 in which an adaptation layer is formed on the outer layer of the wear-resistant layer in the piston ring according to the present invention will be described.

(embodiment 1)

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 1, (a) showing an unworn state, (b) showing a polished state of the adapter layer, and (c) showing a polished state of the wear-resistant layer.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 (a), an adaptation layer 2b is formed on the outer layer of the wear-resistant layer 2a in a laminated manner, and the adaptation layer 2b is formed so as to face the sliding surface 3 of the cylinder liner. That is, the outer peripheral surface of the mating layer 2b becomes a flush sliding surface 3.

The base material 1 is not particularly limited, and is formed of various cast iron, cast steel, carbon steel for general construction, copper alloy, sintered alloy, or the like.

The abrasion-resistant layer 2a is formed of an abrasion-resistant material, for example, cr is preferably used ₃ C ₂ 、Al ₂ O ₃ 、WC、Cr ₂ O ₃ 、ZrO ₂ Ceramic materials such as those described above, and cermets (cerset) obtained by adding a metal such as Cr, co, ni, mo, fe, cu to the ceramic materials.

The wear-resistant layer 2a is formed by, for example, spraying, electrolytic plating, or electrolytic plating, and the electrolytic plating layer contains ceramic particles.

The thickness of the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is, for example, about 0.3mm to 0.6 mm.

Since the outer peripheral surface of the fitting layer 2b is a sliding surface 3 facing the cylinder liner, for example, a metal such as Cr, co, ni, mo, fe, cu or a mixture thereof, or Cr is used ₃ C ₂ 、WC、Al ₂ O ₃ Such as ceramic materials, or composites thereof.

In addition, the adaptation layer 2b is formed by, for example, spray coating, electrolytic plating, or chromium-based ceramic composite plating.

The thickness of the adaptive layer 2b is, for example, about 0.1mm to 0.3 mm.

Here, the adaptation layer 2b is a layer provided for adapting the shape of the sliding surface 3 to the shape of the cylinder inner surface in order that wear occurs first after the start of use.

In the present embodiment, the wear identification material 4 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. The wear-identifying material 4 is formed of a member different from the base material 1. Preferably, the wear-identifying material 4 has a color different from that of each of the adapting layer 2b, the wear-resistant layer 2a, and the base material 1. This is because the wear-identifying material 4, the mating layer 2b, the wear-resistant layer 2a, and the base material 1 can be easily identified.

The wear identification material 4 can be arranged, for example, as follows: after the wear-resistant layer 2a and the mating layer 2b are formed, pin-shaped members are driven from the sliding surface 3 to the base material 1, holes are formed in the wear-resistant layer 2a and the mating layer 2b, and wear-identifying material formed by other members is inserted into the holes, or recesses are formed in the wear-resistant layer 2a and the mating layer 2b, and the recesses are filled by welding or spraying.

In the sliding surface 3, the top of the wear-identifying material 4 may face outward so as to be flush with the sliding surface 3, or the mating layer 2b may cover the top of the wear-identifying material 4. In the case where the top of the wear-identifying material 4 faces outward, the top of the wear-identifying material 4 constitutes a part of the sliding surface 3.

The wear identification material 4 is preferably formed of a material having the same wear resistance as the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a or a material having lower wear resistance than the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2 a. This is because if the wear resistance of the wear-resistant identification material 4 is higher than that of the wear-resistant layer 2a, only the wear-resistant identification material 4 remains when the wear-resistant layer 2a wears, and the wear-resistant identification material 4 may protrude from the sliding surface 3.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part in embodiment 1.

As shown in fig. 4, in order to easily recognize the worn state, it is preferable that the wear recognition material 4 is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface 3.

In order to easily recognize the wear state, it is preferable that the wear recognition concave portion 5 described later is also formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface 3.

In this piston ring, when the sliding surface 3 is worn and the fitting layer 2b is polished, the wear-resistant layer 2a is exposed as shown in fig. 3 (b). At this time, it can be recognized from the appearance that the adaptation layer 2b has been polished according to the difference in color of the adaptation layer 2b and the abrasion-resistant layer 2 a.

It is also preferable that the shape of the cross section of the wear-identifying material 4 (the section parallel to the sliding surface 3) is changed according to the height (depth from the initial sliding surface 3) of the wear-identifying material 4. This allows the wear and polishing of the fitting layer 2b to be recognized based on the shape of the top of the wear-recognizing material 4.

Further, when the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is polished, the base material 1 is exposed as shown in fig. 3 (c). At this time, the abrasion resistant layer 2a can be recognized as polished from the appearance by the disappearance of the abrasion recognizing material 4. In this case, the piston ring can be replaced with the replacement time.

Further, the piston ring is replaced when the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished, but it is preferable that the wear-identifying material 4 can further identify the limit (for example, about 1.5mm to 2 mm) of the wear amount of the base material 1 to maintain the required sealing performance. That is, it is also preferable that the wear-identifying material 4 is provided so as to enter the base material 1 at a predetermined depth.

If the other members constituting the wear-detecting member 4 are made to enter the base material 1 at a predetermined depth, the wear-detecting member 4 disappears when the base material 1 is worn by a predetermined amount without replacing the piston ring, and therefore the base material 1 can be detected as worn by a predetermined amount from the external appearance.

In this way, the presence or absence of wear of the matching layer 2b and the wear-resistant layer 2a or the base material 1 of the piston ring can be recognized from the external appearance.

Therefore, the piston ring can easily determine the adjustment timing of the oil filling rate and the piston ring replacement timing, and perform adjustment and replacement at appropriate timing, thereby contributing to safe shipping. With this piston ring, the labor for technicians and crews to measure and calculate the wear condition can be reduced, and it is also expected to reduce the inspection time of the piston ring. In addition, CBM (Condition Based Maintenance (predictive maintenance)) becomes possible as a ring for continuous monitoring of the appearance of piston rings (cylinder condition monitor ).

(embodiment 2)

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 2, (a) shows an unworn state, (b) shows a polished state of the adapter layer, (c) shows a polished state of the wear-resistant layer, and (d) shows a state where the base material has worn by a certain amount.

The material and the overall shape of the base material 1, the material and the manufacturing method of the wear-resistant layer 2a and the adapting layer 2b are described in embodiment 1, and are omitted here.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a wear identification concave portion 5 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. The wear-identifying concave portion 5 can be formed by cutting or punching the base material 1 before the wear-resistant layer 2a and the mating layer 2b are formed. The wear-identifying concave portion 5 is preferably formed to have a certain depth from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1.

In order to easily recognize the wear state, the wear recognition concave portion 5 is preferably formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface 3.

In this piston ring, when the sliding surface 3 is worn and the fitting layer 2b is polished, the wear-resistant layer 2a is exposed as shown in fig. 5 (b). At this time, it can be recognized from the appearance that the adaptation layer 2b has been polished according to the difference in color of the adaptation layer 2b and the abrasion-resistant layer 2 a.

Further, when the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is polished, as shown in fig. 5 (c), the base material 1 is exposed. At this time, the abrasion resistant layer 2a can be recognized from the appearance as being polished by the abrasion recognition concave portion 5 being exposed. In this case, the piston ring can be replaced with the replacement time.

Further, if the depth of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 is set to a certain depth from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1, as shown in fig. 5 (d), the wear-identifying concave portion 5 disappears when the base material 1 is worn by a certain amount without replacement of the piston ring, and therefore the base material 1 can be identified from the external appearance that the wear is by a certain amount.

In addition, even in a state where the adapter layer 2b is polished (fig. 5 (b)) and in a state where the base material 1 is worn by a certain amount (fig. 5 (d)), the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 can be distinguished according to the state of the outer peripheral corner portion of the piston ring (state of the R surface).

In addition, if the shape of the cross section of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 (the section parallel to the sliding surface 3) is changed according to the difference in depth of the wear-identifying concave portion 5, the wear state of the base material 1 can be identified according to the visible shape of the wear-identifying concave portion 5.

In addition, a wear-identifying material formed by a member different from the base material 1 may be fitted into the wear-identifying recess 5, and in this case, it is possible to identify that the base material 1 has worn a certain amount from the external appearance due to disappearance of the wear-identifying material.

(embodiment 3)

Fig. 6A is an enlarged perspective view and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of main parts showing the steps (groove processing) (a) to (d) of manufacturing the wear-identifying concave portion in embodiment 3.

Fig. 6B is an enlarged perspective view and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main parts of the process (groove process) (e) for producing the abrasion-resistant layer and the process (f) for producing the adaptive layer in embodiment 3.

As shown in fig. 6A, the wear-identifying concave 5 may also be formed by grooving.

The material and the overall shape of the base material 1, the material and the manufacturing method of the wear-resistant layer 2a and the adapting layer 2b are described in embodiment 1, and are omitted here.

First, as shown in fig. 6A (a) and (b), the wear-identifying concave portion 5 as a groove is formed in the base material 1 using the forming tool 101.

Next, as shown in fig. 6A (c), the welding material 6 serving as the wear-identifying material 4 fills the wear-identifying concave portion 5. Preferably, the fusion-bonding material 6 has a different color from both the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1.

Then, as shown in fig. 6A (d), the fusion material 6 of the landfill wear recognition recess 5 is polished so as to be flush with the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1.

As shown in fig. 6B (e), a wear-resistant layer 2a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1.

As shown in fig. 6B (f), an adaptation layer 2B is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a.

In this piston ring, when the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished, the wear-identifying concave portion 5 buried by welding is exposed. Since the welding material 6 filling the wear-resistant recessed portion 5 is different in color from both the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1, it can be recognized from the external appearance that the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished.

(embodiment 4)

Fig. 7A is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 4, (a) shows an unworn state, (b) shows a state in which the adapter layer is worn, (c) shows a state in which the adapter layer has been polished, and (d) shows a state in which the wear-resistant layer is worn.

Fig. 7B is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 4, (e) shows a state where the wear-resistant layer has been polished, and (f) shows a state where the base material has worn by a certain amount.

The material and the overall shape of the base material 1, the material and the manufacturing method of the wear-resistant layer 2a and the adapting layer 2b are described in embodiment 1, and are omitted here.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7A, a wear-identifying concave portion 5 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1, and further, a 1 st wear-identifying concave portion 5a is formed from the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a to a depth of half the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 2a, and a 2 nd wear-identifying concave portion 5b is formed from the surface of the mating layer 2b to a depth of half the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 2 a.

The wear-identifying concave portion 5 can be formed by cutting or punching the base material 1 before the wear-resistant layer 2a and the mating layer 2b are formed. The wear-identifying concave portion 5 is preferably formed to have a certain depth from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. The 1 st wear-identifying concave 5a can be formed by cutting or punching the wear-resistant layer 2a before forming the mating layer 2b. The 2 nd wear recognition recess 5b can be formed by cutting or punching the fit layer 2b.

A wear-identifying material formed by a member different from the base material 1 may be fitted into the wear-identifying recess 5. A wear-identifying material formed using a member different from the wear-resistant layer 2a may be fitted into the 1 st wear-identifying concave portion 5 a. A wear identification material formed using a member different from the mating layer 2b may be fitted into the 2 nd wear identification recess 5 b.

The wear-resistant layer 2a and/or the adapting layer 2b may be embedded with a wear-resistant material. That is, the top of the wear identification material may also be covered by the wear resistant layer 2a and/or the adaptation layer 2b. The bottom of the wear identification material may not reach the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer. The top portion is buried in a state of facing the outside or the outer layer, in a state of being located in the wear-resistant layer 2a and/or the fitting layer 2b and being covered with the wear-resistant layer 2a and/or the fitting layer 2b, in a state of being in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer, and in a state of being away from the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer. In order to cover the top of the wear identification material by the wear-resistant layer 2a and/or the adaptation layer 2b, the wear-resistant layer 2a and/or the adaptation layer 2b is formed after the wear identification material is provided.

In order to easily recognize the wear state, it is preferable that the wear recognition concave portion 5, the 1 st wear recognition concave portion 5a, and/or the 2 nd wear recognition concave portion 5b be formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface 3.

In this piston ring, when the sliding surface 3 is worn and the fitting layer 2b is worn by half or more of the thickness, as shown in fig. 7 (b), the 2 nd wear identification concave portion 5b or the wear identification material disappears. Further, when the fit layers 2b are all polished, as shown in fig. 7A (c), the 1 st wear-identifying concave portion 5a or the wear-identifying material formed in the wear-resistant layer 2a is exposed. At this time, too, the difference in color between the adapting layer 2b and the abrasion resistant layer 2a recognizes that the adapting layer 2b has been polished. Then, when the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is abraded by half or more of the thickness, as shown in fig. 7A (d), the 1 st abrasion recognition concave portion 5a or the abrasion recognition material disappears. Further, when the wear-resistant layers 2a are all polished, as shown in fig. 7 (e), the base material 1 having the wear-identifying concave portion 5 is exposed. In this case, the piston ring can be replaced with the replacement time.

Further, as shown in fig. 7B (f), when the depth of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 is set to a predetermined depth from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1, the wear-identifying concave portion 5 or the wear-identifying material disappears when the base material 1 is worn by a predetermined amount without replacement of the piston ring, and therefore the base material 1 can be identified from the external appearance that the wear is by a predetermined amount.

In this way, in the piston ring, the wearing of the fitting layer 2b can be recognized as half from the appearance by the disappearance of the 2 nd wearing recognition concave portion 5b or the wearing recognition material. In addition, the polishing of the adapter layer 2b can be recognized from the appearance according to the 1 st abrasion recognition concave portion 5a or the abrasion recognition material is exposed and the difference in color between the adapter layer 2b and the abrasion resistant layer 2 a. Further, the abrasion resistant layer 2a can be recognized as half worn from the appearance by the 1 st abrasion recognition concave portion 5a or the abrasion recognition material disappearing. Further, the abrasion resistant layer 2a can be recognized from the appearance as polished by the abrasion recognition concave portion 5 or the abrasion recognition material being exposed.

Further, it is possible to recognize that the base material 1 is worn out by a certain amount from the appearance by the disappearance of the wear-recognizing concave portion 5 or the wear-recognizing material.

In addition, even when the wear-resistant layer 2a has a state of wear ((d) of fig. 7A) and a state of wear of the base material 1 by a certain amount ((f) of fig. 7B), the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 can be distinguished according to the state of the outer peripheral corner portion (state of the R surface) of the piston ring.

In addition, if the shapes of the cross sections (cross sections parallel to the sliding surface 3) of the wear recognition concave portions 5, 1 st wear recognition concave portions 5a, and 2 nd wear recognition concave portions 5b are changed according to the differences in the depths of the wear recognition concave portions 5, 5a, 5b, the wear states of the fit layer 2b, the wear-resistant layer 2a, and the base material 1 can be recognized according to the visible shapes of the wear recognition concave portions 5, 5a, 5 b.

(other embodiments)

In each piston ring formed with the wear-resistant layer and the adapting layer (2 layers) described above, if the wear-resistant layer 2b and the adapting layer 2b are replaced with the wear-identifying material 4 and the wear-identifying concave portion 5 by making the color of the base material 1 red, making the color of the wear-resistant layer 2a blue, making the color of the adapting layer 2b yellow (different color distinction), the wear state of the adapting layer 2b and the wear-resistant layer 2a can be identified from the external appearance according to the color of the surface of the sliding surface 3. That is, if the adapting layer 2b is polished as yellow, the wear-resistant layer 2a of blue appears on the surface of the sliding surface 3, and if the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished, the base material 1 of red appears on the surface of the sliding surface 3.

(invention of piston ring with wear-resistant layer (Single layer) formed only)

Hereinafter, embodiments 5 to 8 in which only a wear-resistant layer (single layer) is formed in a piston ring according to the present invention will be described.

(embodiment 5)

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 5, (a) shows an unworn state, (b) shows a state in which the wear-resistant layer has been polished, and (c) shows a state in which the base material has worn by a certain amount.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 is covered with a wear-resistant layer 2a of a wear-resistant material, and the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a is formed to face the sliding surface 3 of the cylinder liner. The abrasion-resistant layer 2a is a single layer in the present embodiment, but is not limited thereto, and may be a structure in which a plurality of layers formed of different materials are stacked.

The base material 1 is not particularly limited, and is formed of various cast iron, cast steel, carbon steel for general construction, copper alloy, sintered alloy, or the like.

The abrasion-resistant layer 2a is formed of an abrasion-resistant material, for example, cr is preferably used ₃ C ₂ 、Al ₂ O ₃ 、WC、Cr ₂ O ₃ 、ZrO ₂ Ceramic materials such as those described above, and cermets (cerset) obtained by adding a metal such as Cr, co, ni, mo, fe, cu to the ceramic materials.

The wear-resistant layer 2a is formed by, for example, spraying, electrolytic plating, or electrolytic plating, and the electrolytic plating layer contains ceramic particles.

The thickness of the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is, for example, about 0.3mm to 0.6 mm.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 8 (a), a wear-identifying concave portion 5 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. The wear identification material 4 is preferably fitted into the wear identification recess 5. The wear-identifying material 4 is formed of a member different from the base material 1. The wear-identifying material 4 preferably has a different color from the base material 1. This is because the wear-identifying material 4 and the base material 1 can be easily identified.

However, the wear identification material 4 is not necessarily provided. When the wear identification material 4 is not provided, the wear identification concave portion 5 is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1.

The wear indicator 4 is preferably provided so as to enter the base material 1 from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 by a predetermined depth. If the wear-detecting material 4 is made to enter the base material 1 from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 by a predetermined depth, the top of the wear-detecting material 4 disappears when the base material 1 wears by a predetermined amount, and therefore the base material 1 can be detected as worn by a predetermined amount from the external appearance.

In the present embodiment, the top of the wear-identifying material 4 is flush with the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. However, as in embodiment 6 described below, the sliding surface 3 may be flush with the sliding surface 3 with the top surface of the wear-identifying material 4 facing outward. In the case where the top of the wear-identifying material 4 faces outward, the top of the wear-identifying material 4 constitutes a part of the sliding surface 3. The top of the wear-resistant material 4 may be covered with the wear-resistant layer 2 a.

The wear identification material 4 is preferably formed of a material having the same wear resistance as the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a or a material having lower wear resistance than the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a and the material constituting the base material 1. This is because if the wear resistance of the wear-resistant material 4 is higher than that of the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1, only the wear-resistant material 4 remains when the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 wear, and the wear-resistant material 4 may protrude from the sliding surface 3.

In order to easily recognize the wear state, the wear recognition concave portion 5 and the wear recognition material 4 are preferably formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface 3.

In this piston ring, when the sliding surface 3 is worn and the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished, the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 is exposed, the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4 is exposed as shown in fig. 8 (b), and therefore, it can be identified from the appearance that the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished. In this case, the piston ring can be replaced with the replacement time.

It is also preferable that the cross-sectional shapes of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and the wear-identifying material 4 (the cross-sectional plane parallel to the sliding surface 3) vary depending on the depth of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and the wear-identifying material 4 (the depth from the initial sliding surface 3). As a result, when the wear-resistant layer 2a or the base material 1 wears, the worn state of the base material 1 can be recognized from the external appearance based on the shape of the top of the wear-recognizing material 4 and the open end of the wear-recognizing concave portion 5 as shown in fig. 8 (b).

The piston ring is replaced when the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished, but it is preferable that the wear-identifying material 4 be able to further identify the limit (for example, about 1.5mm to 2 mm) of the wear amount of the base material 1 to maintain the required sealing performance. That is, it is also preferable that the wear-identifying material 4 is provided so as to enter the base material 1 at a predetermined depth.

If the depth of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 is set to a certain depth from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1, as shown in fig. 8 (c), the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4 disappear when the base material 1 is worn by a certain amount without replacing the piston ring. At this time, it can be recognized that the base material 1 has worn a certain amount from the appearance by the disappearance of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4.

In addition, even in the unworn state (fig. 8 a) and the state where the base material 1 is worn by a certain amount (fig. 8 c), the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 can be distinguished from each other according to the state of the outer peripheral corner portion of the piston ring (the state of the R surface).

In this way, the piston ring can recognize the wear state of the base material 1 from the external appearance. Therefore, the piston ring can easily determine the adjustment timing of the oil filling rate and the piston ring replacement timing, and perform adjustment and replacement at appropriate timing, thereby contributing to safe shipping. With this piston ring, the labor for technicians and crews to measure and calculate the wear condition can be reduced, and it is also expected to reduce the inspection time of the piston ring. In addition, CBM (Condition Based Maintenance (predictive maintenance)) becomes possible as a ring for continuous monitoring of the appearance of piston rings (cylinder condition monitor ).

Fig. 9 is an enlarged perspective view and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of main parts of the manufacturing steps (groove processing) (a) to (e) showing the wear-identifying concave portion and the wear-resistant layer in accordance with embodiment 5.

As shown in fig. 9, the wear-identifying concave 5 may also be formed by grooving.

First, as shown in fig. 9 (a) and (b), the wear-identifying concave portion 5 as a groove is formed in the base material 1 using the forming tool 101.

Next, as shown in fig. 9 (c), the welding material 6 serving as the wear-identifying material 4 fills the wear-identifying concave portion 5. Preferably, the fusion-bonding material 6 has a different color from both the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1.

Then, as shown in fig. 9 (d), the fusion material 6 buried in the wear detection recess 5 is polished so as to be flush with the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1.

As shown in fig. 9 (e), a wear-resistant layer 2a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1.

In this piston ring, the welding material 6 and the wear-identifying recess 5 are exposed when the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished. Since the color of the welding material 6 filling the wear-resistant identification concave portion 5 is different from that of the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1, the wear-resistant layer 2a can be identified from the external appearance as polished.

(embodiment 6)

Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 6, (a) showing an unworn state, (b) showing a state in which the wear-resistant layer has been polished, and (c) showing a state in which the base material has worn by a certain amount.

The material and the overall shape of the base material 1, the material and the manufacturing method of the wear-resistant layer 2a are described in embodiment 5, and are omitted here.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 is covered with a wear-resistant layer 2a of a wear-resistant material, and the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a is a sliding surface 3 facing the cylinder liner. The abrasion-resistant layer 2a is a single layer in the present embodiment, but is not limited thereto, and may be a structure in which a plurality of layers formed of different materials are stacked.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 10 (a), a wear-identifying concave portion 5 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 to a predetermined depth. Further, the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a formed by a member different from the base material 1 is fitted into the wear-identifying recess 5.

However, the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a is not necessarily provided. When the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a is not provided, the wear-identifying concave portion 5 is opened on the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a.

In the present embodiment, the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer 2a is embedded in the wear-resistant layer 2a. In the present embodiment, the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b and the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a are formed as an integral member to constitute the wear-identifying material 4. That is, the wear-resistant material 4 extends from the inside of the wear-resistant concave portion 5 to the inside of the wear-resistant layer 2a.

The top of the wear-identifying material 4 faces outward so as to be flush with the sliding surface 3, and the top of the wear-identifying material 4 constitutes a part of the sliding surface 3. The wear-resistant layer 2a may be provided with the wear-resistant identification material 4. Here, the embedding in the present embodiment includes a state in which the top faces outward and is flush with the sliding surface 3, and a state in which the top is located in the wear-resistant layer 2a and is covered with the wear-resistant layer 2a. In order to cover the top of the wear-resistant layer 2a with the wear-resistant layer 4, the wear-resistant layer 2a is formed after the wear-resistant layer 4 is provided.

The wear identification material 4 is preferably formed of a material having the same wear resistance as the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a or a material having lower wear resistance than the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a and the material constituting the base material 1. This is because if the wear resistance of the wear-resistant material 4 is higher than that of the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1, only the wear-resistant material 4 remains when the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 wear, and the wear-resistant material 4 may protrude from the sliding surface 3.

In order to easily recognize the wear state, the wear recognition concave portion 5 and the wear recognition material 4 are preferably formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface 3.

The cross-sectional shapes of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and the wear-identifying material 4 (the cross-sectional plane parallel to the sliding surface 3) preferably vary depending on the depth of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and the wear-identifying material 4 (the depth from the initial sliding surface 3). Thus, when the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is polished, it can be recognized that the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is polished based on the shape of the open end of the abrasion recognition concave portion 5 and/or the top of the abrasion recognition material 4.

In this piston ring, when the sliding surface 3 is worn and the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished, the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 is exposed as shown in fig. 10 (b). In this case, the piston ring can be replaced with the replacement time.

When the base material 1 is worn by a certain amount without replacing the piston ring, the wear identification concave portion 5 and/or the wear identification material 4 disappear as shown in fig. 10 (c). At this time, the base material 1 can be recognized from the appearance to a certain amount by the disappearance of the wear-recognizing concave portion 5 and/or the wear-recognizing material 4.

In addition, when the wear-resistant layer 2a covers the wear-resistant material 4, the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 can be distinguished from each other according to the state of the outer peripheral corner of the piston ring (state of the R-plane) even in the unworn state (fig. 10 (a)) and the state where the base material 1 is worn by a certain amount (fig. 10 (c)).

In the present embodiment, the 1 st wear-detecting member 4a and the 2 nd wear-detecting member 4b are integrally formed as the wear-detecting member 4, but the 1 st wear-detecting member 4a and the 2 nd wear-detecting member 4b may be separate members, and may be provided at different positions from each other when viewed from the outer peripheral side.

(embodiment 7)

Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 7, (a) shows an unworn state, (b) shows a state in which the wear-resistant layer has worn, (c) shows a state in which the wear-resistant layer has been polished, and (d) shows a state in which the base material has worn by a certain amount.

The material and the overall shape of the base material 1, the material and the manufacturing method of the wear-resistant layer 2a are described in embodiment 5, and are omitted here.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 is covered with a wear-resistant layer 2a of a wear-resistant material, and the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a is a sliding surface 3 facing the cylinder liner. The abrasion-resistant layer 2a is a single layer in the present embodiment, but is not limited thereto, and may be a multilayer structure formed of different materials.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11 (a), the 1 st wear identification concave portion 5a is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 to a certain depth from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. Further, the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a formed by a member different from the base material 1 is fitted into the 1 st wear-identifying recess 5a. However, the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a is not necessarily provided. When the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a is not provided, the 1 st wear-identifying concave portion 5a is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1.

In the present embodiment, the top of the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a is flush with the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. However, in the sliding surface 3, as in embodiment 6 described above, the top surface of the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a may be positioned to face outward so as to be flush with the sliding surface 3. In the case where the top of the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a faces outward, the top of the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a constitutes a part of the sliding surface 3. The top of the 1 st abrasion identification material 4a may be positioned in the abrasion-resistant layer 2a and covered with the abrasion-resistant layer 2a. In order to cover the top of the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a with the wear-resistant layer 2a, the wear-resistant layer 2a is formed after the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a is provided.

The wear-resistant layer 2a is provided with a 2 nd wear-identifying concave portion 5b from the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a to a predetermined depth. The 2 nd wear-identifying concave portion 5b is provided at a position (a position not overlapping in the radial direction of the piston ring) different from the 1 st wear-identifying concave portion 5a of the base material 1. A 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer 2a is fitted into the 2 nd wear-identifying recess 5b, and the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b is embedded in the wear-resistant layer 2a. In the present embodiment, the 2 nd wear identification material 4b is a member separate from the 1 st wear identification material 4a in the 1 st wear identification recess 5 a. However, the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b is not necessarily provided. When the 2 nd abrasion recognition material 4b is not provided, the 2 nd abrasion recognition concave portion 5b is opened on the surface of the abrasion-resistant layer 2a.

In the present embodiment, the top of the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b faces outward so as to be flush with the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a. The top of the 2 nd wear identification material 4b constitutes a part of the sliding surface 3. However, the top of the 2 nd wear identification material 4b may be covered with the wear-resistant layer 2a. Here, the embedding in the present embodiment includes: the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b has its bottom portion in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 and its top portion facing outward so as to be flush with the sliding surface 3 or has its top portion in a state of being covered with the wear-resistant layer 2a in the wear-resistant layer 2a, has its bottom portion away from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 and its top portion facing outward so as to be flush with the sliding surface 3, or has its top portion in a state of being covered with the wear-resistant layer 2a in the wear-resistant layer 2a. In order to cover the top of the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b with the wear-resistant layer 2a, the wear-resistant layer 2a is formed after the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b is provided.

The 1 st wear-detecting member 4a and the 2 nd wear-detecting member 4b are preferably formed of a material having the same wear resistance as the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a and the material constituting the base material 1 or a material having lower wear resistance than the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a and the material constituting the base material 1. This is because if the wear resistance of the 1 st wear-detecting member 4a and the 2 nd wear-detecting member 4b is higher than that of the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1, only the 1 st wear-detecting member 4a and the 2 nd wear-detecting member 4b remain when the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 are worn, and the 1 st wear-detecting member 4a and the 2 nd wear-detecting member 4b may protrude from the sliding surface 3.

In order to easily recognize the wear state, it is preferable that the 1 st wear recognition concave portion 5a and the 2 nd wear recognition concave portion 5b, and the 1 st wear recognition material 4a and the 2 nd wear recognition material 4b are formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface 3.

It is also preferable that the shapes of the cross sections (sections parallel to the sliding surface 3) of the 1 st and 2 nd wear-identifying concave portions 5a and 5b, and the 1 st and 2 nd wear-identifying members 4a and 4b vary according to the difference in depth (depth from the initial sliding surface 3) of the 1 st and 2 nd wear-identifying concave portions 5a and 5b, and the 1 st and 2 nd wear-identifying members 4a and 4 b. Thus, when the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 are worn, the worn state of the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 can be recognized from the appearance according to the shapes of the openings of the 1 st wear-recognizing concave portion 5a and the 2 nd wear-recognizing concave portion 5b and the tops of the 1 st wear-recognizing material 4a and the 2 nd wear-recognizing material 4 b.

In this piston ring, when the sliding surface 3 wears and the wear-resistant layer 2a becomes thin, the 2 nd wear-identifying concave portion 5b and the 2 nd wear-identifying material 4b disappear as shown in fig. 11 (b). At this time, the abrasion-resistant layer 2a can be recognized from the appearance as having disappeared from the 2 nd abrasion recognition concave portion 5b and/or the 2 nd abrasion recognition material 4 b.

Further, when the sliding surface 3 is worn and the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished, as shown in fig. 11 (c), the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 is exposed, and the 1 st wear identification concave portion 5a and/or the 1 st wear identification material 4a are exposed. In this case, the piston ring can be replaced with the replacement time.

When the base material 1 is worn by a certain amount without replacing the piston ring, the 1 st wear-identifying concave portion 5a and/or the 1 st wear-identifying material 4a disappear as shown in fig. 11 (d). At this time, the base material 1 can be recognized from the appearance as having a certain amount by the 1 st wear recognition concave portion 5a and/or the 1 st wear recognition material 4a disappearing.

In addition, even in a state where the wear-resistant layer 2a is worn away ((b) of fig. 11) and a state where the base material 1 is worn away by a certain amount ((d) of fig. 11), the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 can be distinguished from each other according to the state of the outer peripheral corner portion (state of the R surface) of the piston ring.

(embodiment 8)

Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a cross section along line A-A in fig. 1 in embodiment 8, (a) showing an unworn state, (b) showing a state in which the abrasion-resistant layer is worn, and (c) showing a state in which the abrasion-resistant layer is polished.

The material and the overall shape of the base material 1, the material and the manufacturing method of the wear-resistant layer 2a are described in embodiment 5, and are omitted here.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 is covered with a wear-resistant layer 2a of a wear-resistant material, and the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a is a sliding surface 3 facing the cylinder liner. The abrasion-resistant layer 2a is a single layer in the present embodiment, but is not limited thereto, and may be a multilayer structure formed by stacking different members.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 12 (a), a wear-identifying concave portion 5 is provided in the wear-resistant layer 2a from the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a to the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. A wear identification material 4 formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer 2a is fitted into the wear identification recess 5, and the wear identification material 4 is embedded in the wear-resistant layer 2 a. However, the wear identification material 4 is not necessarily provided. When the wear identification material 4 is not provided, the wear identification recess 5 is opened on the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2 a.

In the present embodiment, the top of the wear-resistant member 4 faces outward so as to be flush with the surface of the wear-resistant layer 2a. The top of the wear identification material 4 forms part of the sliding surface 3. However, the top of the wear-resistant identification material 4 may be covered with the wear-resistant layer 2a. The bottoms of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and the wear-identifying material 4 may not reach the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. The top portion faces outward and is flush with the sliding surface 3, the top portion is located in the wear-resistant layer 2a and covered with the wear-resistant layer 2a, the bottom portion is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1, and the bottom portion is far from the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1. In order to cover the top of the wear-resistant layer 2a with the wear-resistant layer 4, the wear-resistant layer 2a is formed after the wear-resistant layer 4 is provided.

The wear identification material 4 is preferably formed of a material having the same wear resistance as the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a or a material having lower wear resistance than the material constituting the wear-resistant layer 2a. This is because if the abrasion resistance of the abrasion resistant member 4 is higher than that of the abrasion resistant layer 2a, only the abrasion resistant member 4 remains when the abrasion resistant layer 2a is worn, and the abrasion resistant member 4 may protrude from the sliding surface 3.

In order to easily recognize the wear state, the wear recognition concave portion 5 and the wear recognition material 4 are preferably formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface 3.

It is also preferable that the cross-sectional shapes of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and the wear-identifying material 4 (the cross-sectional plane parallel to the sliding surface 3) vary depending on the depth of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and the wear-identifying material 4 (the depth from the initial sliding surface 3). Thus, when the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is worn, the worn state of the abrasion-resistant layer 2a can be recognized from the external appearance according to the shape of the open end of the abrasion recognition concave portion 5 and/or the top portion of the abrasion recognition material 4.

In this piston ring, when the sliding surface 3 wears and the wear-resistant layer 2a becomes thin, as shown in fig. 12 (b), if the cross-sectional shapes of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and the wear-identifying material 4 change according to the difference in depth, the shape of the opening portion of the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the top portion of the wear-identifying material 4 changes. At this time, it can be recognized from the appearance that the abrasion-resistant layer 2a is worn out according to the change in the shape of the opening of the abrasion recognition concave portion 5 and/or the top of the abrasion recognition material 4.

Further, when the sliding surface 3 is worn and the wear-resistant layer 2a is polished, as shown in fig. 12 (c), the wear identification concave portion 5 and/or the wear identification material 4 disappear, and the outer peripheral surface of the base material 1 is exposed. At this time, the abrasion resistant layer 2a can be recognized from the appearance as polished by the disappearance of the abrasion recognition concave portion 5 and/or the abrasion recognition material 4. In this case, the piston ring can be replaced with the replacement time.

In addition, when the wear-resistant layer 2a is covered with the wear-resistant material 4, the wear-resistant layer 2a and the base material 1 can be distinguished from each other according to the state of the outer peripheral corner portion of the piston ring (state of the R-plane) even in the unworn state (fig. 12 (a)) and the polished state (fig. 12 (c)) of the wear-resistant layer 2 a.

(other embodiments)

In each piston ring having only the wear-resistant layer (single layer) formed thereon, if the wear-resistant layer 2a is colored red, blue or yellow (different colors are used) instead of the wear-resistant material 4 and the wear-resistant concave portion 5, the wear state of the wear-resistant layer 2a can be recognized from the appearance based on the color of the surface of the sliding surface 3. That is, if the wear-resistant layer 2a, which is blue or yellow, is polished, the red base material 1 is exposed on the surface of the sliding surface 3.

(mode of use in internal Combustion Engine)

In the internal combustion engine, preferably, when the piston is stopped and the piston moves downward so that the sliding surface 3 of the piston ring is visible from the outside, the wear identification concave portion 5 and/or the wear identification material 4 are provided at positions (positions that are easily visible) that are visible from the outside.

For example, when there is only one position (easily visible position) on the sliding surface 3 that can be seen from the outside, the wear identification concave 5 and/or the wear identification material 4 can be provided at that position.

Alternatively, by providing the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4 at a plurality of positions on the sliding surface 3 at equal angular intervals, the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4 can be provided at positions (positions that are easily visible) that can be seen from the outside.

Alternatively, by providing the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4 at a plurality of positions on the sliding surface 3 at unequal intervals such as, for example, 5 °, 40 ° ·· or the like, even if the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4 that is exposed first is blocked by a rib or the like, it is possible to easily identify the wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4 that is exposed nearby quickly.

The wear-identifying concave portion 5 and/or the wear-identifying material 4 may be provided so as to extend over the entire circumference of the sliding surface 3.

The wear state of the piston ring is recognized by a crew member of a ship who does not know the piston ring sufficiently in an engine room of the ship with insufficient brightness, and therefore, it is not easy in the past.

By using the piston ring according to the present invention, even if the piston ring is operated by a crew member who does not know the piston ring in a dark engine room, the wearing state of the piston ring can be easily recognized from the external appearance by the wearing recognition concave portion 5 or the wearing recognition material 4, the adjustment timing of the oil filling rate and the piston ring replacement timing can be easily determined, and the adjustment and replacement can be performed at appropriate timings, thereby contributing to safe shipping.

The numerical values and material names related to the size, weight, and the like described in the above embodiments are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention should not be construed as limited by these numerical values and material names.

The above embodiments may be appropriately combined within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

Claims (21)

1. A piston ring, characterized in that:

comprising a sliding surface formed as a flush surface, wherein the sliding surface is formed by forming a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material on the outer periphery of a base material, and further laminating an adaptation layer on the outer layer of the wear-resistant layer,

a wear-identifying material formed by a member different from the base material is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base material.

2. A piston ring as set forth in claim 1, wherein:

the top of the wear identification material is flush with the sliding surface.

3. A piston ring as set forth in claim 1, wherein:

the wear identification material is covered on top by the adaptation layer.

4. A piston ring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:

a wear-resistant layer and/or the adaptation layer are embedded with a wear-resistant material formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer and the adaptation layer.

5. The piston ring according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:

the wear identification material is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface.

6. A piston ring, characterized in that:

comprising a sliding surface formed as a flush surface, wherein the sliding surface is formed by forming a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material on the outer periphery of a base material, and further laminating an adaptation layer on the outer layer of the wear-resistant layer,

the outer peripheral surface of the base material is provided with a wear identification concave portion.

7. The piston ring of claim 6 wherein:

a wear-identifying material formed by a member different from the base material is fitted into the wear-identifying recess.

8. A piston ring according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that:

the wear-recognition recess is covered by the wear-resistant layer and/or the adaptation layer.

9. The piston ring according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein:

the wear recognition concave portion is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface.

10. The piston ring according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein:

And a wear-resistant layer and/or the adaptation layer is embedded with a wear-resistant identification material formed by a member different from the wear-resistant layer and the adaptation layer.

11. A piston ring comprising an annular base material, the piston ring characterized by:

a wear identification concave part is arranged on the outer periphery of the base material,

the outer peripheral surface of the base material is covered with a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material, and the surface of the wear-resistant layer is a sliding surface.

12. The piston ring of claim 11 wherein:

the wear-identifying concave portion is provided to a certain depth from the outer peripheral surface of the base material.

13. The piston ring according to claim 11 or 12, wherein:

a wear-identifying material formed by a member different from the base material is fitted into the wear-identifying recess.

14. The piston ring of claim 13 wherein:

the top of the wear identification material and the outer peripheral surface of the base material are formed into a flush plane.

15. The piston ring of claim 13 wherein:

the 2 nd abrasion-resistant identification material formed by a member different from the abrasion-resistant layer is embedded in the abrasion-resistant layer.

16. The piston ring of claim 15 wherein:

The wear identification material and the 2 nd wear identification material are formed as an integral member.

17. The piston ring of claim 15 wherein:

the wear identification material and the 2 nd wear identification material are formed as separate members.

18. A piston ring comprising an annular base material, the piston ring characterized by:

the outer peripheral surface of the base material is covered with a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material, the surface of the wear-resistant layer is a sliding surface, and a wear-identifying concave portion is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the wear-resistant layer.

19. The piston ring according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein:

the wear recognition concave portion is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface.

20. A piston ring comprising an annular base material, the piston ring characterized by:

the outer peripheral surface of the base material is covered with a wear-resistant layer of a wear-resistant material, the surface of the wear-resistant layer is a sliding surface, and a wear-resistant identification material formed of a member different from the wear-resistant layer is embedded in the wear-resistant layer.

21. The piston ring according to any one of claims 13 to 17, 20, wherein:

The wear identification material is formed in a shape that displays characters or figures when viewed from the outer peripheral side of the sliding surface.