CN116581334A - Drainage system for hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents

Drainage system for hydrogen fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116581334A
CN116581334A CN202310864571.9A CN202310864571A CN116581334A CN 116581334 A CN116581334 A CN 116581334A CN 202310864571 A CN202310864571 A CN 202310864571A CN 116581334 A CN116581334 A CN 116581334A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
drainage
gas
water
hydrogen
liquid separator
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Pending
Application number
CN202310864571.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
沈威慧
曹桂军
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Shenzhen Hynovation Technologies Co ltd
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Shenzhen Hynovation Technologies Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310864571.9A priority Critical patent/CN116581334A/en
Publication of CN116581334A publication Critical patent/CN116581334A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/04843—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell exhausts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen fuel cell drainage system, which particularly relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and comprises the following components: the circulating drainage pipeline comprises a pile, a gas-liquid separator, a control part, at least two drainage branches and a drainage part, wherein one end of the pile is connected with the air inlet end of the gas-liquid separator, the liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with one ends of the drainage branches through the control part, and the other ends of the drainage branches are connected with one end of the drainage part; the drainage branches have a water storage state and a drainage state, and when one or more drainage branches are in the water storage state, the other drainage branches are in the drainage state; when one or more drainage branches are in a drainage state, the other drainage branches are in a water storage state; the control component is used for alternately controlling the gas-liquid separator to be communicated with one or more drainage branches, so that the drainage branches alternately discharge water conveyed by the gas-liquid separator. The application can improve the drainage efficiency and the hydrogen utilization rate.

Description

Drainage system for hydrogen fuel cell
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a drainage system of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
A considerable part of hydrogen in the hydrogen input into the current hydrogen fuel cell is directly discharged by the tail without participating in the reaction, so that the utilization rate of the hydrogen is reduced, the cost of the fuel cell is increased, and the high-concentration hydrogen discharged by the tail has potential safety hazard.
In the related art, the main stream hydrogen fuel cell generally separates redundant hydrogen discharged from the anode of the fuel cell through a gas-liquid separator, pressurizes the hydrogen through a hydrogen circulating pump, and returns the hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack for repeated use, so that the water in the water storage tank connected with the gas-liquid separator can be discharged in time after being fully accumulated in the process, and the hydrogen is discharged while the water is discharged. In the practical application process, the electromagnetic valve is generally opened in real time by monitoring the liquid level condition, and the water is discharged by means of the pressure in the tank body of the gas-liquid separator, so that the fuel cell is mostly applied to the carrier, the working condition load of the carrier is changeable, the pressure fluctuation in the water storage tank is large, the liquid discharge amount cannot be accurately controlled, the hydrogen is discharged together during water discharge, and the water discharge efficiency and the hydrogen utilization rate are reduced. How to improve the drainage efficiency and the hydrogen utilization rate is a problem to be discussed and solved currently.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the application provides a hydrogen fuel cell drainage system which can improve drainage efficiency and hydrogen utilization rate.
A hydrogen fuel cell water discharge system according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
the circulating drainage pipeline comprises a pile, a gas-liquid separator, a control part, at least two drainage branches and a drainage part, wherein one end of the pile is connected with the air inlet end of the gas-liquid separator, the liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with one ends of a plurality of drainage branches through the control part, and the other ends of the drainage branches are connected with one end of the drainage part;
wherein, the drainage branch has a water storage state and a drainage state, when one or more drainage branches are in the water storage state, the other drainage branches are in the drainage state; when one or more drainage branches are in a drainage state, the other drainage branches are in a water storage state; the control component is used for alternately controlling the gas-liquid separator to be communicated with one or more drainage branches, so that the drainage branches alternately drain water conveyed by the gas-liquid separator and convey the water to the drainage component to drain the water.
The hydrogen fuel cell drainage system according to the embodiment of the application has at least the following beneficial effects: the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system is provided with a circulating drainage pipeline, in the operation working condition of the fuel cell, the electric pile generates electrochemical reaction to generate gas with water vapor, and the gas with water vapor is transmitted to the gas-liquid separator, so that the gas-liquid separator separates the gas with water vapor, and the gas-liquid separator is alternately controlled by the control component to be communicated with one or more drainage branches, so that the drainage branches are used for storing water and draining water in turn, and the water is drained out of the fuel cell system. The application realizes alternate water storage and drainage by arranging at least two drainage branches independent of the gas-liquid separator, improves the drainage efficiency and improves the hydrogen utilization rate.
According to some embodiments of the application, the control part comprises a three-way valve, the drainage branch comprises a first drainage branch and a second drainage branch, a first end of the three-way valve is connected with a liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separator, a second end and a third end of the three-way valve are respectively connected with one end of the first drainage branch and one end of the second drainage branch, and the other ends of the first drainage branch and the second drainage branch are respectively connected with one end of the drainage part;
the first drainage branch comprises a first water storage tank and a first electromagnetic valve which are sequentially connected, one end of the first water storage tank is connected with the second end, and one end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of the drainage component; the second drainage branch comprises a second water storage tank and a second electromagnetic valve which are sequentially connected, one end of the second water storage tank is connected with the third end, and one end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of the drainage component; the first electromagnetic valve is used for being conducted to drain water of the first water storage tank, and the second electromagnetic valve is used for being conducted to drain water of the second water storage tank.
According to some embodiments of the application, a first liquid level sensor is further arranged inside the first water storage tank, and a second liquid level sensor is further arranged inside the second water storage tank; the first liquid level sensor is used for monitoring the water level in the first water storage tank and outputting a first full-liquid signal to an external controller, so that the controller responds to the first full-liquid signal to control the first electromagnetic valve to be conducted, and controls the second end to be cut off and the third end to be conducted; the second liquid level sensor is used for monitoring the water level in the second water storage tank and outputting a second full-liquid signal to the controller, so that the controller responds to the second full-liquid signal to control the second electromagnetic valve to be conducted, and controls the third end to be cut off and the second end to be conducted.
According to some embodiments of the application, the hydrogen gas separator is used for separating hydrogen remained by the electrochemical reaction output by the electric pile, and outputting the separated hydrogen to the hydrogen circulating pump so that the hydrogen circulating pump outputs the hydrogen to the electric pile.
According to some embodiments of the application, the gas-liquid separator comprises an upper tank body, a lower tank body and an isolation layer, wherein the air inlet end is arranged at the top of the upper tank body, the air outlet end is arranged on the side wall of the upper tank body, the liquid outlet end is arranged at the bottom of the lower tank body, the isolation layer is arranged between the lower tank body and the lower tank body, and the isolation layer is further provided with a plurality of water leakage holes for enabling water of the upper tank body to reach the lower tank body and be discharged through the liquid outlet end.
According to some embodiments of the application, the gas outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is further connected to one end of the water draining member, for draining impurities in the gas-liquid separator.
According to some embodiments of the application, the gas discharge valve is connected to one end of the stack, and the other end of the gas discharge valve is connected to one end of the water discharge member, and the gas discharge valve is used for discharging gas of the stack when the three-way valve fails.
According to some embodiments of the application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises a back pressure valve, one end of the back pressure valve is connected with one end of the electric pile, and the other end of the back pressure valve is connected with one end of the water draining component, so as to maintain the air pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell water draining system.
According to some embodiments of the application, a first pressure sensor is arranged at one end of the electric pile, and a second pressure sensor is arranged at the other end of the electric pile, wherein the first pressure sensor is used for monitoring the pressure of gas and liquid output by the electric pile, and the second pressure sensor is used for monitoring the pressure of gas entering the electric pile.
According to some embodiments of the application, the water discharge element is a venturi.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell water discharge system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas-liquid separator according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals: a galvanic pile 100; a first pressure sensor 110; a second pressure sensor 120; a gas-liquid separator 200; an upper can 210; an air inlet end 211; an outlet end 212; a lower can 220; a liquid outlet 221; an isolation layer 230; a three-way valve 300; a first end 310; a second end 320; a third end 330; a first drain branch 400; a first water storage tank 410; a first solenoid valve 420; a first level sensor 430; a second drain branch 500; a second water storage tank 510; a second solenoid valve 520; a second level sensor 530; a drainage member 600; a hydrogen circulation pump 700; an exhaust valve 800; back pressure valve 900.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, a number means one or more, a number means two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present application, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present application can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
The current hydrogen has high cost, and a considerable part of the hydrogen in the hydrogen input into the hydrogen fuel cell is directly discharged by the tail without participating in the reaction, so that the utilization rate of the hydrogen is reduced, the cost of the fuel cell is increased, and the potential safety hazard exists in the high-concentration hydrogen discharged by the tail. In the related art, the main stream hydrogen fuel cell generally separates out the excessive hydrogen discharged from the anode of the fuel cell through the gas-liquid separator 200, pressurizes the hydrogen through the hydrogen circulating pump, and returns the hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack 100 for reuse, so that the water in the water storage tank connected with the gas-liquid separator 200 can be discharged in time after being fully accumulated in the process, and the hydrogen is discharged while being avoided. In the practical application process, the electromagnetic valve is generally opened in real time by monitoring the liquid level condition, and drainage is performed by means of the pressure in the tank body of the gas-liquid separator 200, because the fuel cell is mostly applied to the carrier, and the working condition load of the carrier is changeable, the pressure fluctuation in the water storage tank is large, the drainage amount cannot be accurately controlled, hydrogen is easily discharged together while drainage is performed, the drainage efficiency and the hydrogen utilization rate are reduced, the service life of the electromagnetic valve is frequently opened and closed, and the reliability of a drainage system of the hydrogen fuel cell is affected. How to improve the drainage efficiency and the hydrogen utilization rate is a problem to be discussed and solved currently.
Based on this, the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system of the present application can relatively smoothly monitor the liquid level condition and timely drain water inside the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system by designing the first drainage branch 400 and the second drainage branch 500 independently of the gas-liquid separator 200, thereby improving drainage efficiency and hydrogen utilization rate.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic configuration view of a hydrogen fuel cell water discharge system according to an embodiment of the present application; it will be appreciated that the hydrogen fuel cell water discharge system of the present application comprises: the circulating drainage pipeline comprises a pile 100, a gas-liquid separator 200, a control part, at least two drainage branches and a drainage part 600, wherein one end of the pile 100 is connected with the air inlet end 211 of the gas-liquid separator 200, the liquid outlet end 221 of the gas-liquid separator 200 is communicated with one ends of the drainage branches through the control part, and the other ends of the drainage branches are connected with one end of the drainage part 600; the drainage branches have a water storage state and a drainage state, and when one or more drainage branches are in the water storage state, the other drainage branches are in the drainage state; when one or more drainage branches are in a drainage state, the other drainage branches are in a water storage state; the control part is used to alternately control the gas-liquid separator 200 to communicate with one or more of the drain branches such that the drain branches alternately drain the water transferred from the gas-liquid separator 200 and transfer the water to the drain part 600 to drain the water.
It should be noted that, in the operation condition of the fuel cell, the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system of the present application is provided with a circulation drainage pipeline, and in the operation condition of the fuel cell, the electric pile 100 generates gas with water vapor by electrochemical reaction and transmits the gas to the gas-liquid separator 200, so that the gas-liquid separator 200 separates the gas with water vapor, and the control part alternately controls the gas-liquid separator 200 to communicate with one or more drainage branches, so that the drainage branches alternately store water and drain water, so as to drain water out of the fuel cell system. The application realizes alternate water storage and water discharge by arranging at least two water discharge branches independent of the gas-liquid separator 200, improves the water discharge efficiency and improves the hydrogen utilization rate.
On the other hand, the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system of the application can effectively avoid the pressure fluctuation of the anode end of the fuel cell and improve the service life of the fuel cell stack through the gas-liquid separator 200 and the circulating drainage pipeline which are arranged separately.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the present application does not limit the number of the drain branches, two drain branches may be provided, three, four or five drain branches may be provided, when the present application includes four drain branches, a control member having at least five connection ends should be selected at this time, one end of the control member is connected to the gas-liquid separator 200, and the other four ends are connected to the four drain branches, respectively, so that the drain branches may be controlled to be in a water storage state or a drain state by controlling the connection ends of the control member to be turned on or off, and the connection ends of the control member should be in an on state or an off state according to the actual operation condition of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
It is understood that the control part includes a three-way valve 300, the drainage branch includes a first drainage branch 400 and a second drainage branch 500, a first end 310 of the three-way valve 300 is connected to the liquid outlet end 221 of the gas-liquid separator 200, a second end 320 and a third end 330 of the three-way valve 300 are respectively connected to one end of the first drainage branch 400 and one end of the second drainage branch 500, and the other ends of the first drainage branch 400 and the second drainage branch 500 are respectively connected to one end of the drainage part 600; the first drainage branch 400 includes a first water storage tank 410 and a first electromagnetic valve 420 connected in sequence, one end of the first water storage tank 410 is connected with the second end 320, and one end of the first electromagnetic valve 420 is connected with one end of the drainage component 600; the second drainage branch 500 includes a second water storage tank 510 and a second electromagnetic valve 520 connected in sequence, one end of the second water storage tank 510 is connected with the third end 330, and one end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of the drainage component 600; wherein, the first water storage tank 410 and the second water storage tank 510 are both used for storing water transferred from the gas-liquid separator 200, the first solenoid valve 420 is used for being conducted to drain the water of the first water storage tank 410, and the second solenoid valve 520 is used for being conducted to drain the water of the second water storage tank 510.
In order to better explain the operation conditions of the drainage system of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present application, the following describes the case where two drainage branches are provided.
Illustratively, the circulation drain line of the present application includes a pile 100, a gas-liquid separator 200, a three-way valve 300, a first drain branch 400, a second drain branch 500, and a drain member 600, the pile 100 electrochemically reacts to generate and transmit a gas with moisture to the gas-liquid separator 200 connected to the pile 100, and the gas-liquid separator 200 separates the gas transmitted from the pile 100 to separate water. Since the gas-liquid separator 200 does not have a function of storing water, the gas-liquid separator 200 transmits water to the three-way valve 300 connected to the gas-liquid separator 200 under the action of gas pressure after separating water, at this time, the first end 310 and the second end 320 of the three-way valve 300 are turned on, and the third end 330 is turned off, so that water enters the first drain branch 400 connected to the second end 320 through the three-way valve 300, the water separated from the gas-liquid separator 200 is stored by the first drain branch 400, when the water stored in the first drain branch 400 is monitored to reach a set threshold value, the first drain branch 400 transmits the stored water to the drain member 600, so that the drain member 600 discharges water to the hydrogen fuel cell drain system, and at the same time, the second end 320 of the three-way valve 300 is turned on to the off, the third end 330 is turned on, the water separated by the second drain branch 500 is received by the second drain branch 500 and stored by the first drain branch 400, and when the water stored in the second drain branch 500 is monitored to reach the set threshold value, the stored by the second drain branch 500 is turned on, and the drain member 600 is turned off by the three-way valve 300, and the drain member 600 is turned off, and the water stored by the three-way valve 320 is turned off, and the water stored by the three-way valve is turned off, and the water is discharged from the second end 320. The application alternately stores water and discharges water through the first drainage branch 400 and the second drainage branch 500, improves the drainage efficiency, and effectively reduces the risk of the drainage process influenced by the pressure intensity of the gas-liquid separator 200 by separating the first drainage branch 400, the second drainage branch 500 and the gas-liquid separator 200, thereby accurately monitoring the water storage condition. More specifically, the present application utilizes the high-speed air flow of the tail drain, and can rapidly drain water from the first drain branch 400 or the second drain branch 500 through the drain member 600, without providing additional drainage-assisting members, thereby reducing energy consumption.
It can be appreciated that the first water storage tank 410 is further provided with a first liquid level sensor 430 inside, and the second water storage tank 510 is further provided with a second liquid level sensor 530 inside; the first liquid level sensor 430 is configured to monitor a water level inside the first water storage tank 410 and output a first full-liquid signal to an external controller, so that the controller responds to the first full-liquid signal to control the first electromagnetic valve 420 to be turned on, and controls the second end 320 to be turned off and the third end 330 to be turned on; the second liquid level sensor 530 is configured to monitor a water level inside the second water storage tank 510 and output a second full-liquid signal to the controller, so that the controller responds to the second full-liquid signal to control the second electromagnetic valve 520 to be turned on, and controls the third end 330 to be turned off and the second end 320 to be turned on.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the first liquid level sensor 430 and the second liquid level sensor 530 may be photoelectric liquid level sensors, static pressure sensors, capacitive non-contact sensors, or various types of sensors such as floating ball liquid level sensors, etc., and the present application is not limited thereto, and in actual operation, the first liquid level sensor 430 and the second liquid level sensor 530 may be provided in consideration of the volume of the first water tank 410 and the second water tank 510, the cost and reliability of the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system. To describe the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system of the present application in detail, the following description will be given about the case where the first level sensor 430 and the second level sensor 530 are both floating ball level sensors:
according to one embodiment of the present application, the cell stack 100 electrochemically reacts to generate gas with moisture and transmits the gas to the gas-liquid separator 200 connected to the cell stack 100, and the gas-liquid separator 200 separates the gas transmitted from the cell stack 100 to separate water. The gas-liquid separator 200 will transmit water to the three-way valve 300 connected to the gas-liquid separator 200 under the action of the gas pressure after separating the water, at this time, the first end 310 and the second end 320 of the three-way valve 300 are turned on, the third end 330 is turned off, the water enters the first water storage tank 410 connected to the second end 320 through the three-way valve 300, the water separated from the gas-liquid separator 200 is stored in the first water storage tank 410, and the first liquid level sensor 430 starts to continuously monitor the water level in the first water storage tank 410. The first liquid level sensor 430 is connected to the fuel cell controller FCU, and can output a first liquid full signal to the FCU, and the first liquid full signal output by the first liquid level sensor 430 is related to the first solenoid valve 420, so as to control the on and off of the first solenoid valve 420, further, when the water level of the first water storage tank 410 reaches a preset height, the first liquid level sensor 430 monitors that the water stored in the first water storage tank 410 reaches a preset threshold value, the floating ball inside the first water storage tank 410 is opened to the preset height, the first liquid level sensor 430 attracts the node of the magnetic reed switch by using the magnet inside the floating ball, so as to output the first liquid full signal to the FCU, after the FCU recognizes the first liquid full signal, the first solenoid valve 420 is triggered to open, so that the water drain component 600 drains the water stored in the first water storage tank 410 by using tail gas, and the water drain component 600 drains the water out of the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system, and because the three-way valve 300 is also connected to the FCU, the FCU also switches the mode of the three-way valve 300 when triggering the first solenoid valve 420 to open, so that the three-way valve 300 is continuously switched from the second water storage tank 320 to the first water storage tank 510 to the second water storage tank 510 from the first water storage tank to the second water storage tank 510, and the second water storage tank 510 is continuously switched from the first water storage tank to the second water storage tank to the first water storage tank to the third water storage tank. The second liquid level sensor 530 is also connected to the FCU, and can output a second full liquid signal to the FCU, and the second full liquid signal output by the second liquid level sensor 530 is related to the second electromagnetic valve 520, so as to realize control of on and off of the second electromagnetic valve 520, further, when the water level of the second water storage tank 510 reaches a preset height, the second liquid level sensor 530 monitors that the water stored in the second water storage tank 510 reaches a preset threshold, the floating ball inside the second water storage tank 510 is opened to the preset height, the second liquid level sensor 530 attracts the node of the magnetic reed switch by using the magnet inside the floating ball, so as to output the second full liquid signal to the FCU, after the FCU recognizes the second full liquid signal, the second electromagnetic valve 520 is triggered to open, so that the water discharge component 600 pumps the water stored in the second water storage tank 510 by using the tail gas and discharges the hydrogen fuel cell water discharge system, and the FCU also changes the mode of the three-way valve 300 and the first electromagnetic valve 420 when triggering the second electromagnetic valve 520 to open, so that the third end 330 of the three-way valve 300 is changed from the on to the off state from the first electromagnetic valve 320 to the off state from the on-off state from the first electromagnetic valve 200, and the first separator is changed from the on-off state from the first electromagnetic valve 200 to the off state. The first drainage branch 400 and the second drainage branch 500 are alternately used for water storage and drainage, when the first drainage branch 400 is used for water storage, the second drainage branch 500 is used for drainage, and when the first drainage branch 400 is used for drainage, the second drainage branch 500 is used for water storage, so that circulation is achieved, and the drainage efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system is improved.
It may be understood that the hydrogen separator further comprises a hydrogen circulation pump 700, one end of the hydrogen circulation pump 700 is connected to the gas outlet end 212 of the gas-liquid separator 200, and the other end of the hydrogen circulation pump 700 is connected to the other end of the electric pile 100, wherein the gas-liquid separator 200 is used for separating the hydrogen remaining in the electrochemical reaction output by the electric pile 100, and outputting the separated hydrogen to the hydrogen circulation pump 700, so that the hydrogen circulation pump 700 outputs the hydrogen to the electric pile 100.
According to one embodiment of the present application, in order to increase the utilization rate of hydrogen in the operation condition of the hydrogen fuel cell, the present application further provides a hydrogen circulation pump 700, the electric pile 100 performs electrochemical reaction, generates gas with moisture and transmits the gas to the gas-liquid separator 200 connected to the electric pile 100, at this time, the gas is doped with hydrogen remaining in the electrochemical reaction, the gas-liquid separator 200 separates gas and water therein, the water is transmitted to the three-way valve 300, the gas is transmitted to the hydrogen circulation pump 700, and the hydrogen is output to the electric pile 100 by the hydrogen circulation pump 700, thereby reducing the loss of hydrogen.
According to another embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen circulation pump 700 may be replaced by an ejector, which can suck the hydrogen in the stack 100 back and re-supply the hydrogen to the stack 100 after re-merging with the supplied hydrogen, so as to ensure sufficient flow and achieve a higher anode metering ratio and a waterproof flooding effect.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas-liquid separator 200 according to an embodiment of the present application, it is understood that the gas-liquid separator 200 includes an upper tank 210, a lower tank 220, and an isolation layer 230, an air inlet 211 is disposed at the top of the upper tank 210, an air outlet 212 is disposed at the sidewall of the upper tank 210, an air outlet 221 is disposed at the bottom of the lower tank 220, the isolation layer 230 is disposed between the lower tank 220 and the lower tank 220, and the isolation layer 230 is further provided with a plurality of water leakage holes for allowing water of the upper tank 210 to reach the lower tank 220 and be discharged through the air outlet 221.
It should be noted that, an isolation layer 230 is disposed between the upper tank 210 and the lower tank 220 of the gas-liquid separator 200, the isolation layer 230 and the upper tank 210 are designed as a whole, and the conventional isolation layer 230 is formed by enclosing a solid part in the middle and a round of small holes in the periphery, so that the liquid water can be collected while the pressure of the gas is prevented from influencing the liquid level monitoring, and the aperture of the conventional small holes is 3 mm. Therefore, the water leakage hole of the isolation layer 230 of the gas-liquid separator 200 can be set to be larger in diameter, so that water can be discharged more smoothly, purging is more thorough, and the risk of low-temperature icing is effectively reduced. Further, in the shutdown purging stage of the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system, the FCU controls the first electromagnetic valve 420 and the second electromagnetic valve 520 to be opened simultaneously, and at this time, the design of the water leakage hole of the isolation layer 230 of the gas-liquid separator 200 can facilitate purging, so that the problem of freezing and blocking at low temperature caused by incomplete purging is effectively avoided.
According to an embodiment of the present application, when the electrochemical reaction of the electric pile 100 occurs and the gas generated by the reaction is transferred to the gas-liquid separator 200, the mixed gas flow enters tangentially along the inner wall of the upper tank 210 from the gas inlet of the gas-liquid separator 200, and continuously rotates downwards under the action of centrifugal force, at this time, because the density of the liquid phase is greater than that of the gas phase, the centrifugal force is different, the liquid phase is more stressed, and then enters the lower tank 220 through the plurality of water leakage holes of the isolation layer 230 after striking the inner wall, enters the first water drainage branch 400 or the second water drainage branch 500 through the liquid outlet, and the separated relatively dry hydrogen and a small amount of nitrogen enter the hydrogen circulation pump 700 through the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 200 to return to the inlet section of the electric pile 100, and the externally input hydrogen is mixed and then enters the anode of the electric pile 100 again for recycling, so as to improve the utilization ratio of the hydrogen. Specifically, the gas-liquid separator 200 of the present application includes: gravity settling separation, baffle separation, centrifugal separation, wire mesh separation, microporous filtration separation, etc., the above-described centrifugal separation is only for describing the operation of the gas-liquid separator 200 in more detail, and does not constitute a limitation of the gas-liquid separator 200 of the present application.
It will be appreciated that the gas outlet end 212 of the gas-liquid separator 200 is also connected to one end of the water discharge member 600 for discharging impurities in the gas-liquid separator 200.
According to an embodiment of the present application, in order to timely discharge excessive impurities in the hydrogen fuel cell, the present application is further provided with an impurity pipeline, wherein the impurity pipeline comprises a gas-liquid separator 200 and a drainage member 600 which are sequentially connected, and the impurity pipeline can be conducted in the stage of starting the drainage system of the hydrogen fuel cell, and impurities in the gas-liquid separator 200 are timely discharged through the drainage member 600 by purging the gas-liquid separator 200, so as to avoid affecting the operation of the subsequent gas-liquid separator 200.
It will be appreciated that the apparatus further includes a vent valve 800, one end of the vent valve 800 being connected to one end of the stack 100, the other end of the vent valve 800 being connected to one end of the drain member 600, the vent valve 800 being used to vent gas of the stack 100 when the three-way valve 300 fails.
According to one embodiment of the present application, under normal operation conditions, the exhaust valve 800 is always in a closed state, and when the second pressure sensor 120 detects that the pressure of the gas output by the electric pile 100 exceeds the preset threshold value, the exhaust valve 800 is opened, so that the gas output by the anode of the electric pile 100 directly enters the drainage component 600 to be drained. On the other hand, when the three-way valve 300 malfunctions, it is also necessary to open the exhaust valve 800 so that the gas is discharged through the exhaust valve 800 directly into the drain member 600. Specifically, the preset threshold may be determined based on the actual operating conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell.
It will be appreciated that a back pressure valve 900 is further included, one end of the back pressure valve 900 is connected to one end of the stack 100, and the other end of the back pressure valve 900 is connected to one end of the drain member 600 for maintaining the air pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell drain system.
According to an embodiment of the present application, in order for the drain member 600 to suck the water stored in the first water storage tank 410 or the second water storage tank 510 using the tail drain, the present application is further provided with an air line including a back pressure valve 900 and the drain member 600 connected in sequence, one end of the back pressure valve 900 is connected to one end of the stack 100, and the other end is connected to one end of the drain member 600, so that the drain member 600 can rapidly suck the water stored in the first water storage tank 410 or the second water storage tank 510 using a pressure difference generated by the gas transmitted from the back pressure valve 900, and drain the water out of the hydrogen fuel cell drain system. Furthermore, the back pressure valve 900 is arranged to balance the air pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system, so that the problem that the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system cannot normally run for drainage due to overlarge internal air pressure is avoided.
It will be appreciated that one end of the stack 100 is provided with a first pressure sensor 110 and the other end of the stack 100 is provided with a second pressure sensor 120, wherein the first pressure sensor 110 is used to monitor the pressure of the gas and liquid output by the stack 100 and the second pressure sensor 120 is used to monitor the pressure of the gas entering the stack 100.
According to one embodiment of the present application, in order to monitor the pressure of the hydrogen gas input into the electric pile 100 and the pressure of the gas output from the electric pile 100 at any time, the present application is further provided with a first pressure sensor 110 and a second pressure sensor 120, wherein the first pressure sensor 110 is disposed at the inlet of the hydrogen gas input into the electric pile 100, and the second pressure sensor 120 is disposed at the outlet of the gas output from the electric pile 100. During the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system, the second pressure sensor 120 continuously monitors the gas pressure of the gas output by the electric pile 100 to avoid abnormal operation of other components caused by unstable pipeline pressure, and when the gas pressure of the gas output by the electric pile 100 is abnormal, the second pressure sensor 120 gives a warning to enable an operator to adjust the pressure inside the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system. Meanwhile, the first pressure sensor 110 continuously monitors the pressure of the externally input hydrogen received at the inlet of the electric pile 100 and the pressure of the hydrogen transmitted by the hydrogen circulation pump 700, so as to avoid abnormal operation conditions of the electric pile 100 caused by excessive hydrogen pressure, and when the pressure of the externally input hydrogen or the pressure of the hydrogen transmitted by the hydrogen circulation pump 700 is abnormal, the first pressure sensor 110 gives a warning so that an operator can adjust the pressure.
It will be appreciated that the water discharge element 600 is a venturi.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the venturi includes an A end, a B end, and a C end, wherein the A end of the venturi is connected to the back pressure valve 900, the B end of the venturi is in communication with the outside, and the C end of the venturi is connected to the first solenoid valve 420 and the second solenoid valve 520. When the water stored in the first water discharge branch 400 reaches a preset threshold value or the water stored in the second water discharge branch 500 reaches a preset threshold value, the water in the first water discharge branch 400 or the water in the second water discharge branch 500 can be discharged by directly utilizing the energy of the tail gas. Specifically, according to the operation principle of the venturi, when the high-speed gas flows through the a end of the venturi through the back pressure valve 900, the flow rate of the gas flow increases when passing through the constricted end (i.e., the narrowed flow end surface) of the venturi, the flow rate of the gas flow is inversely proportional to the flow end surface, and as known from the bernoulli's theorem, the increase of the flow rate is accompanied by the decrease of the fluid pressure, so that a low-pressure adsorption area is generated near the throat of the venturi, and the water stored inside the first water storage tank 410 or the second water storage tank 510 is rapidly pumped away at the C end of the venturi, and mixed with the gas flow to be discharged from the B end.
The embodiments of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A hydrogen fuel cell water discharge system, comprising:
the circulating drainage pipeline comprises a pile, a gas-liquid separator, a control part, at least two drainage branches and a drainage part, wherein one end of the pile is connected with the air inlet end of the gas-liquid separator, the liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with one ends of a plurality of drainage branches through the control part, and the other ends of the drainage branches are connected with one end of the drainage part;
wherein, the drainage branch has a water storage state and a drainage state, when one or more drainage branches are in the water storage state, the other drainage branches are in the drainage state; when one or more drainage branches are in a drainage state, the other drainage branches are in a water storage state; the control component is used for alternately controlling the gas-liquid separator to be communicated with one or more drainage branches, so that the drainage branches alternately drain water conveyed by the gas-liquid separator and convey the water to the drainage component to drain the water.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell water discharge system according to claim 1, wherein the control means includes a three-way valve, the water discharge branch includes a first water discharge branch and a second water discharge branch, a first end of the three-way valve is connected to a liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separator, a second end and a third end of the three-way valve are connected to one end of the first water discharge branch and one end of the second water discharge branch, respectively, and the other ends of the first water discharge branch and the second water discharge branch are connected to one end of the water discharge means;
the first drainage branch comprises a first water storage tank and a first electromagnetic valve which are sequentially connected, one end of the first water storage tank is connected with the second end, and one end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of the drainage component; the second drainage branch comprises a second water storage tank and a second electromagnetic valve which are sequentially connected, one end of the second water storage tank is connected with the third end, and one end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of the drainage component; the first electromagnetic valve is used for being conducted to drain water of the first water storage tank, and the second electromagnetic valve is used for being conducted to drain water of the second water storage tank.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell water drainage system according to claim 2, wherein a first liquid level sensor is further provided inside the first water storage tank, and a second liquid level sensor is further provided inside the second water storage tank; the first liquid level sensor is used for monitoring the water level in the first water storage tank and outputting a first full-liquid signal to an external controller, so that the controller responds to the first full-liquid signal to control the first electromagnetic valve to be conducted, and controls the second end to be cut off and the third end to be conducted; the second liquid level sensor is used for monitoring the water level in the second water storage tank and outputting a second full-liquid signal to the controller, so that the controller responds to the second full-liquid signal to control the second electromagnetic valve to be conducted, and controls the third end to be cut off and the second end to be conducted.
4. The hydrogen fuel cell drainage system according to claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen circulation pump, wherein one end of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to an air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator, and the other end of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the other end of the electric pile, wherein the gas-liquid separator is configured to separate hydrogen remaining in the electrochemical reaction output from the electric pile, and output the separated hydrogen to the hydrogen circulation pump, so that the hydrogen circulation pump outputs hydrogen to the electric pile.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell water draining system according to claim 4, wherein said gas-liquid separator comprises an upper tank, a lower tank and an isolation layer, said gas inlet end is provided at the top of said upper tank, said gas outlet end is provided at the side wall of said upper tank, said liquid outlet end is provided at the bottom of said lower tank, said isolation layer is provided between said lower tank and said lower tank, and said isolation layer is further provided with a plurality of water leakage holes for allowing water from said upper tank to reach said lower tank and be discharged through said liquid outlet end.
6. The hydrogen fuel cell water discharge system according to claim 1, wherein the gas outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is further connected to one end of the water discharge member for discharging impurities in the gas-liquid separator.
7. The hydrogen fuel cell drainage system according to claim 2, further comprising a vent valve having one end connected to one end of the stack and the other end connected to one end of the drainage member, the vent valve being for venting gas of the stack when the three-way valve fails.
8. The hydrogen fuel cell drainage system according to claim 1, further comprising a back pressure valve, one end of which is connected to one end of the stack, and the other end of which is connected to one end of the drainage member for maintaining the air pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell drainage system.
9. The hydrogen fuel cell drainage system according to claim 1, wherein one end of the stack is provided with a first pressure sensor and the other end of the stack is provided with a second pressure sensor, wherein the first pressure sensor is used for monitoring the pressure of the gas and the liquid output by the stack, and the second pressure sensor is used for monitoring the pressure of the gas entering the stack.
10. The hydrogen fuel cell drainage system of claim 1 wherein said drainage member is a venturi.
CN202310864571.9A 2023-07-14 2023-07-14 Drainage system for hydrogen fuel cell Pending CN116581334A (en)

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4811753A (en) * 1987-12-17 1989-03-14 Bethune Paul P Recreational vehicle drain vent
JPH05180514A (en) * 1991-12-26 1993-07-23 Nippon Yupuro Kk Drain discharging passage of bath device
CN1164880A (en) * 1994-11-04 1997-11-12 德文特·麦克棣有限公司 Discharge valve
JP2001315525A (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-13 Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd Drain structure of air conditioner for vehicle
JP2004095384A (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell stopping system
JP2008235203A (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-10-02 Toyota Industries Corp Fuel cell system and method of discharging water produced in fuel cell system
JP2009289416A (en) * 2008-05-27 2009-12-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system
CN203728567U (en) * 2014-03-04 2014-07-23 广州华工环源绿色包装技术有限公司 Novel vacuum water discharge tank
CN111933972A (en) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-13 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 System for steady state cyclic utilization of medium-pressure hydrogen of fuel cell

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4811753A (en) * 1987-12-17 1989-03-14 Bethune Paul P Recreational vehicle drain vent
JPH05180514A (en) * 1991-12-26 1993-07-23 Nippon Yupuro Kk Drain discharging passage of bath device
CN1164880A (en) * 1994-11-04 1997-11-12 德文特·麦克棣有限公司 Discharge valve
JP2001315525A (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-13 Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd Drain structure of air conditioner for vehicle
JP2004095384A (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell stopping system
JP2008235203A (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-10-02 Toyota Industries Corp Fuel cell system and method of discharging water produced in fuel cell system
JP2009289416A (en) * 2008-05-27 2009-12-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system
CN203728567U (en) * 2014-03-04 2014-07-23 广州华工环源绿色包装技术有限公司 Novel vacuum water discharge tank
CN111933972A (en) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-13 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 System for steady state cyclic utilization of medium-pressure hydrogen of fuel cell

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