CN116576957A

CN116576957A - Display method, device, equipment and storage medium of optical cable external-breakage early warning interface

Info

Publication number: CN116576957A
Application number: CN202310469868.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王坚; 陈佐佐; 陈红明; 王晓义; 殷响; 张满; 李宇斌
Original assignee: Qualsen International Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Qualsen International Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-04-26
Filing date: 2023-04-26
Publication date: 2023-08-11

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of optical fibers and discloses a display method, a device, equipment and a storage medium of an optical cable external damage early warning interface. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable, and determining the vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data; generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram by utilizing vibration amplitude according to a detection area and detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in a first display area; performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in a second display area; in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a corresponding first presentation animation, second presentation animation, or third presentation animation is generated using the vibration data and displayed in the third display region. The application improves the analysis and display effects of the global abnormal vibration information of the distributed optical cable.

Description

Display method, device, equipment and storage medium of optical cable external-breakage early warning interface

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of optical fibers, in particular to a display method, a device, equipment and a storage medium of an optical cable external damage early warning interface.

Background

With the rapid development of optical fiber technology, optical fibers and related articles are widely used in industry and social life. The sensing optical fiber has the function of sensing the change of transmission parameters caused by the environmental changes such as vibration, temperature, strain and the like along the optical cable, the corresponding environmental parameter signals are obtained by collecting the back scattered light of the optical cable, and the parameter analysis is carried out on the collected environmental parameter signals, so that the real-time monitoring and early warning of the corresponding environmental parameters around the optical cable are realized.

At present, the monitoring of the surrounding vibration environment of the optical cable laying road section is realized by collecting the back scattered light corresponding to the single point or local vibration of the optical cable, and further vibration analysis is carried out on the collected back scattered light, so that the single point or local vibration state of the optical cable is obtained. However, due to the diversification (such as overhead, burial and the like) of the optical cable laying environment, the response of different laying environments or positions to the same-magnitude vibration, temperature and other environmental information is different, the system cannot set a proper alarm threshold, so that not only is the harmful vibration disturbance information inaccurate to analyze, but also the whole optical cable is difficult to comprehensively and accurately early-warning and monitor. Namely, the existing global vibration analysis effect on the distributed optical cable is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to solve the problem that the prior global vibration analysis effect on the distributed optical cable is poor.

The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for displaying an optical cable external damage early warning interface, where the optical cable external damage early warning interface includes a first display area, a second display area and a third display area, and the method for displaying the optical cable external damage early warning interface includes: acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable, and determining vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data, wherein the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental positions; generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram by utilizing the vibration amplitude according to the detection area and the detection time of each frame of vibration data, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area; performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in the second display area; generating, in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a first presentation animation that varies with each detection region in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second presentation animation that varies with the detection time for a target detection region corresponding to the first control operation using the vibration data; or responding to a second control operation for the second display area, and generating a third display animation corresponding to the detection result by utilizing the vibration data; and displaying the first display animation, the second display animation or the third display animation in the third display area.

Optionally, in a first implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the generating, according to a detection area and a detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, a global vibration thermodynamic diagram using the vibration amplitude includes: selecting target vibration data in a preset period from each frame of vibration data based on the preset background noise vibration intensity and the belonging detection time of the detection area to which each frame of vibration data belongs; determining target detection points corresponding to the target vibration data from each detection area; and generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude and the target detection point corresponding to the target vibration data.

Optionally, in a second implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, after the generating, by using the vibration amplitude, a global vibration thermodynamic diagram according to the detection area and the detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area, the method further includes: in response to a third control operation for the first display area, normalizing the vibration amplitude of each target detection point based on the preset background noise vibration intensity corresponding to each target detection point; and generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the aligned target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude after normalization processing, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area.

Optionally, in a third implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, in response to a first control operation for the first display area, the vibration data is used to generate a first display animation that varies with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation, or a second display animation that varies with the detection time of a target detection area corresponding to the first control operation; or in response to a second control operation for the second display area, generating a third presentation animation corresponding to the detection result by using the vibration data, including: generating a reference vibration curve of the target optical cable corresponding to a background noise environment according to the background noise vibration intensity in response to a first control operation for the first display area, generating a first thermal waveform diagram changing with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or generating a second thermal waveform diagram changing with the detection time of the target detection area corresponding to the first control operation by utilizing the target vibration data, adding the reference vibration curve to the first thermal waveform diagram to generate a first display animation, or adding the reference vibration curve to the second thermal waveform diagram to generate a second display animation; or, in response to a second control operation for the second display area, determining an abnormal item selected by the second control operation from the detection result, generating a third thermal waveform diagram corresponding to the abnormal item by using the vibration data, and taking the third thermal waveform diagram as a third display animation.

Optionally, in a fourth implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, after the displaying the first presentation animation, the second presentation animation, or the third presentation animation in the third display area, the method further includes: in response to a fourth control operation for the third display region, converting the first thermal waveform map into a corresponding first audio feature and generating a first audio animation of the target detection time that varies with each of the detection regions, or converting the second thermal waveform map into a corresponding second audio feature and generating a second audio animation of the target detection region that varies with the detection time, or converting the third thermal waveform map into a corresponding third audio feature and generating a third audio animation of the abnormal item; and displaying the first audio animation or the second audio animation or the third audio animation in the third display area.

Optionally, in a fifth implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the performing, by using a preset external force damage algorithm, abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to a detection area to which the vibration data belongs, to obtain a detection result, includes: determining each abnormal detection point and corresponding abnormal vibration time from each target detection point based on a preset abnormal vibration threshold value corresponding to a detection area to which the vibration data belong, and respectively identifying each abnormal category corresponding to each abnormal detection point, an estimated proportion corresponding to each abnormal category and an abnormal grade by using a preset external breaking algorithm; and obtaining a detection result based on each abnormal detection point and the corresponding abnormal vibration time, abnormal category, estimated proportion and abnormal grade.

Optionally, in a sixth implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, after the displaying the first presentation animation, the second presentation animation, or the third presentation animation in the third display area, the method further includes: switching the third display area from a playback mode to a real-time display mode in response to a fifth control operation for the third display area; if the third display area is displayed as the first display animation or the second display animation, generating a fourth display animation with the vibration amplitude of the target optical cable changing along with time based on the second vibration data of the target optical cable acquired in real time, and displaying the fourth display animation in the third display area; and if the third display area is displayed as a third display animation, identifying a second detection result of the second vibration data in real time, and if the second detection result is abnormal, sequentially generating a corresponding fifth display animation based on the generation sequence of the abnormal second detection result, and displaying the fifth display animation in the third display area.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a display device for an optical cable external-damage early-warning interface, where the optical cable external-damage early-warning interface includes a first display area, a second display area, and a third display area, and the display device for the optical cable external-damage early-warning interface includes: the system comprises an amplitude determining module, a detecting module and a judging module, wherein the amplitude determining module is used for acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable and determining the vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data, and the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental positions; the first display module is used for generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram according to the detection area and the detection time of each frame of vibration data by utilizing the vibration amplitude and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area; the second display module is used for executing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area to which the vibration data belong by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in the second display area; the animation generation module is used for responding to a first control operation aiming at the first display area and generating a first display animation changing along with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second display animation changing along with the detection time of the target detection area corresponding to the first control operation by utilizing the vibration data; or responding to a second control operation for the second display area, and generating a third display animation corresponding to the detection result by utilizing the vibration data; and the third display module is used for displaying the first display animation, the second display animation or the third display animation in the third display area.

Optionally, in a first implementation manner of the second aspect of the present invention, the first display module includes: the target selecting unit is used for selecting target vibration data in a preset period from each frame of vibration data based on the preset background noise vibration intensity and the belonging detection time of the detection area to which each frame of vibration data belongs; a location determining unit, configured to determine a target detection point corresponding to the target vibration data from each detection area; and the first display unit is used for generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude corresponding to the target vibration data and the target detection point.

Optionally, in a second implementation manner of the second aspect of the present invention, the first display module further includes: a normalization unit, configured to perform normalization processing on the vibration amplitude of each target detection point based on a preset background noise vibration intensity corresponding to each target detection point in response to a third control operation for the first display area; and the second display unit is used for generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the aligned target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude after normalization processing and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area.

Optionally, in a third implementation manner of the second aspect of the present invention, the animation generating module includes: a first generating unit configured to generate a reference vibration curve of a background noise environment corresponding to the target optical cable according to the background noise vibration intensity in response to a first control operation for the first display area, generate a first thermal waveform map that varies with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or generate a second thermal waveform map that varies with the detection time corresponding to the first control operation, add the reference vibration curve to the first thermal waveform map to generate a first display animation, or add the reference vibration curve to the second thermal waveform map to generate a second display animation, using the target vibration data; or, a second generating unit, configured to determine, in response to a second control operation for the second display area, an abnormal item selected by the second control operation from the detection result, generate a third thermal waveform diagram corresponding to the abnormal item by using the vibration data, and use the third thermal waveform diagram as a third presentation animation.

Optionally, in a fourth implementation manner of the second aspect of the present invention, the third display module includes: a third generation unit configured to convert the first thermal waveform map into a corresponding first audio feature and generate a first audio animation that varies with each detection region in the target detection time, or convert the second thermal waveform map into a corresponding second audio feature and generate a second audio animation that varies with the detection time, or convert the third thermal waveform map into a corresponding third audio feature and generate a third audio animation that corresponds to the abnormal item, in response to a fourth control operation for the third display region; and a third display unit configured to display the first audio animation or the second audio animation or the third audio animation in the third display area.

Optionally, in a fifth implementation manner of the second aspect of the present invention, the second display module includes: the anomaly identification unit is used for determining each anomaly detection point and corresponding anomaly vibration time from each target detection point based on a preset anomaly vibration threshold value corresponding to a detection area to which the vibration data belong, and respectively identifying each anomaly category corresponding to each anomaly detection point, an estimated proportion corresponding to each anomaly category and an anomaly grade by using a preset outward breaking algorithm; and the result generating unit is used for obtaining a detection result based on each abnormal detection point and the corresponding abnormal vibration time, abnormal category, estimated proportion and abnormal grade.

Optionally, in a sixth implementation manner of the second aspect of the present invention, the third display module further includes: a mode switching unit configured to switch the third display area from a playback mode to a real-time display mode in response to a fifth control operation for the third display area; the fourth display unit is used for generating a fourth display animation with the vibration amplitude of the target optical cable changing along with time based on the second vibration data of the target optical cable acquired in real time if the third display area is displayed as the first display animation or the second display animation, and displaying the fourth display animation in the third display area; and the fifth display unit is used for identifying the second detection result of the second vibration data in real time if the third display area displays the third display animation, and generating corresponding fifth display animation in sequence based on the generation sequence of the abnormal second detection result if the second detection result is abnormal and displaying the fifth display animation in the third display area.

The third aspect of the present invention provides a display device for an optical cable external-break early warning interface, comprising: a memory and at least one processor, the memory having instructions stored therein; and the at least one processor calls the instruction in the memory so that the display equipment of the optical cable external damage early warning interface executes each step of the display method of the optical cable external damage early warning interface.

A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored therein that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the method for displaying a cable break early warning interface described above.

According to the technical scheme provided by the application, the multi-frame vibration data of the target optical cable are obtained, and the vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data is determined; generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram by utilizing vibration amplitude according to a detection area and detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in a first display area; performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in a second display area; in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a corresponding first presentation animation, second presentation animation, or third presentation animation is generated using the vibration data and displayed in the third display region. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the global thermal distribution map reflecting the vibration state of the whole target optical cable is generated according to the corresponding detection area and detection time through the multi-frame vibration data acquired by the target optical cable, the global abnormal vibration analysis of the whole optical cable is further carried out on the global thermal distribution map according to the corresponding operation control, and the abnormal feature map and the abnormal type information map of the global detection place or the abnormal detection point are generated based on the result of the global analysis, so that the analysis and display effect of the global abnormal vibration information of the distributed optical cable are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a method for displaying an optical cable external damage warning interface according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical cable external-break early warning interface in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a method for displaying an optical cable external damage warning interface according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a method for displaying an optical cable external damage warning interface according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a display device for an optical cable break early warning interface according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a display device for an optical cable break early warning interface according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a display device of an optical cable external damage early warning interface according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The embodiment of the application provides a display method, a device, equipment and a storage medium of an optical cable external damage early warning interface, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable, and determining the vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data; generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram by utilizing vibration amplitude according to a detection area and detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in a first display area; performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in a second display area; in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a corresponding first presentation animation, second presentation animation, or third presentation animation is generated using the vibration data and displayed in the third display region. The application improves the analysis and display effects of the global abnormal vibration information of the distributed optical cable.

The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth" and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in other sequences than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

For convenience of understanding, a specific flow of an embodiment of the present invention is described below, referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of a method for displaying an optical cable external damage early warning interface in an embodiment of the present invention includes:

101. acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable, and determining vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data, wherein the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental positions;

The embodiment of the application can acquire and process the related data based on the artificial intelligence technology. Among these, artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence, AI) is the theory, method, technique and application system that uses a digital computer or a digital computer-controlled machine to simulate, extend and extend human intelligence, sense the environment, acquire knowledge and use knowledge to obtain optimal results.

Artificial intelligence infrastructure technologies generally include technologies such as sensors, dedicated artificial intelligence chips, cloud computing, distributed storage, big data processing technologies, operation/interaction systems, mechatronics, and the like. The artificial intelligence software technology mainly comprises a computer vision technology, a robot technology, a biological recognition technology, a voice processing technology, a natural language processing technology, machine learning/deep learning and other directions.

In this embodiment, the multi-frame vibration data herein refers to that vibration data (global vibration amplitude data of the optical cable) generated on the target optical cable is collected according to a preset sampling rate (e.g. 8 frames/second); in the detection area, the natural environment vibration noise signals of the optical cable are different (such as road side paving, railway side paving, overhead paving and the like) under different paving environments due to the fact that the optical cable paving length is long (tens of kilometers, tens of kilometers and the like), so that when the abnormal vibration intensity of the optical cable is analyzed in the follow-up process, the abnormal vibration is misjudged in the area with partial environment noise when the same abnormal vibration intensity is commonly used for analyzing, the overall vibration condition of the optical cable cannot be accurately monitored, and further the regional detection analysis is needed based on the different environment areas where the optical cable is located, so that the overall accurate monitoring result of the optical cable can be obtained; the optical cable external damage early warning interface is shown in fig. 2, and mainly consists of three large display areas A, B, C, wherein a is a thermodynamic diagram display area, namely a first display area, B is an early warning analysis display area, namely a second display area, and consists of an alarm event display area of B1 and an alarm type information display area of B2, C is a display area of a vibration waveform diagram, a reference curve and the like, namely a third display area, wherein A1 is a key operation before processing (i.e. generating a thermodynamic diagram before removing the background noise), A2 is a key operation after processing (i.e. generating a thermodynamic diagram after removing the background noise), C1 is a key operation for playing a corresponding vibration curve in real time, C2 is a key operation for playing back a corresponding vibration curve, D is a mode adjustment key operation in a thermodynamic diagram analysis mode, E is a mode adjustment key operation in a video sound playback mode, and the display page and the operation key can be appropriately adjusted according to the requirements of vibration early warning analysis, and are not limited to the functional description.

In practical application, a distributed optical fiber acquisition device (DVS device) is used to acquire backscattered light of a target optical cable (here, vibration data on the optical cable is acquired at a rate of 8 frames/second), and demodulate optical vibration signals of the backscattered light to obtain multi-frame vibration signals of the target optical cable, and further determine vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data according to a corresponding numerical reading mode, where the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental positions.

102. Generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram by utilizing vibration amplitude according to a detection area and detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in a first display area;

in this embodiment, the inspection time is the time required for obtaining the extractable abnormal vibration characteristic (30 s is taken as the detection time) by counting the characteristic of the abnormal vibration signal and combining the sampling rate (wherein, the time period cannot be too short or too long, the data amount is too small, the accuracy of judging the external damage type is low, and the analysis speed is reduced when the time is too long).

In practical application, determining a detection area corresponding to vibration data of each frame, taking detection time (30 s) as a horizontal axis and taking the distribution length of a global target optical cable as a vertical axis based on a corresponding detection time period (wherein the vertical axis can distribute the position condition of front-back expansion of a middle monitoring area or a risk point of the target optical cable as a midpoint), further utilizing vibration data of different detection areas to perform noise data screening or noise removal processing of the corresponding areas (namely vibration data normalization processing of different detection areas), generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the optical cable, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in a first display area.

103. Performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in a second display area;

in this embodiment, the external damage algorithm refers to that based on the abnormal vibration intensities (i.e., vibration amplitudes) of different detection areas and the corresponding abnormal vibration types, the vibration amplitudes of the detection areas are analyzed for the abnormal amplitudes and the abnormal types, so as to obtain the abnormal type results of the corresponding detection points.

In practical application, a preset external damage algorithm is utilized to analyze and detect abnormal vibration types of vibration amplitudes corresponding to all detection areas in a global vibration thermodynamic diagram, so that the time of occurrence of an alarm of an entire target optical cable and various external damage types and corresponding probabilities thereof are obtained, the alarm level and the alarm position of a current abnormal point and the corresponding external damage alarm types are determined based on the various external damage types and the corresponding probabilities thereof, a detection result is obtained, the detection result is displayed in a second display area, the alarm time is displayed in B1, and the rest alarm information is displayed in B2.

104. Generating, in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a first presentation animation that varies with each detection region in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second presentation animation that varies with the detection time of the target detection region corresponding to the first control operation using vibration data; or generating a third display animation corresponding to the detection result by using the vibration data in response to a second control operation for the second display area;

in this embodiment, the first operation herein refers to an operation instruction for converting the global vibration thermodynamic diagram into a corresponding global vibration curve; the second control operation here refers to converting the type of abnormal vibration obtained by the current analysis into a corresponding abnormal point vibration curve.

In practical application, in response to a first control operation for a first display area, a reference vibration curve of the target optical cable corresponding to a background noise environment is generated according to the background noise vibration intensity, and then a global vibration curve of the target optical cable is generated by converting vibration data of a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the first display area, wherein the global vibration curve generates a first thermal waveform diagram with changes along with each detection area in a target detection time (i.e. the first thermal waveform diagram is generated by taking the target detection time as an abscissa and the ordinate as each detection area of the whole optical cable), and then a first display animation is generated by using the first thermal waveform diagram and the reference vibration curve, or a second thermal waveform diagram of the target detection area changing along with the detection time (i.e. a certain target detection area in the target optical cable is generated by taking the abscissa and the ordinate as the detection time), and then a second display animation is generated by using the second thermal waveform diagram and the reference vibration curve; or, in response to the second control operation for the second display area, generating an external-break type vibration signal of the abnormal vibration point by using the abnormal vibration data (namely, the alarm information in the detection result) corresponding to the external-break type of the current abnormal vibration point, so as to obtain a third display animation.

105. And displaying the first display animation, the second display animation or the third display animation in the third display area.

In this embodiment, the generated first display animation, second display animation or third display animation is displayed in the third display area, where the curve animation displayed in the third display area may be a curve acquired and analyzed in real time, or may be a curve animation of a certain period of time.

In the embodiment of the application, the multi-frame vibration data of the target optical cable are obtained, and the vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data is determined; generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram by utilizing vibration amplitude according to a detection area and detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in a first display area; performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in a second display area; in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a corresponding first presentation animation, second presentation animation, or third presentation animation is generated using the vibration data and displayed in the third display region. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the global thermal distribution map reflecting the vibration state of the whole target optical cable is generated according to the corresponding detection area and detection time through the multi-frame vibration data acquired by the target optical cable, the global abnormal vibration analysis of the whole optical cable is further carried out on the global thermal distribution map according to the corresponding operation control, and the abnormal feature map and the abnormal type information map of the global detection place or the abnormal detection point are generated based on the result of the global analysis, so that the analysis and display effect of the global abnormal vibration information of the distributed optical cable are improved.

Referring to fig. 3, a second embodiment of a method for displaying an optical cable external damage warning interface according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

201. acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable, and determining vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data, wherein the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental positions;

202. selecting target vibration data in a preset period from each frame of vibration data based on the preset background noise vibration intensity and the belonging detection time of the detection area to which each frame of vibration data belongs;

in this embodiment, the background noise vibration intensity refers to the environmental noise vibration intensity generated by the natural environment of the environment where the different detection areas are located.

In practical application, based on the preset background noise vibration intensity and the belonging detection time of the detection area to which each frame of vibration data belongs, selecting data exceeding the corresponding background noise vibration intensity in a preset period (such as within 30 s) from each frame of vibration data as target vibration data.

203. Determining target detection points corresponding to the target vibration data from each detection area;

in this embodiment, the target detection points herein refer to target detection points capable of reflecting (or representing) vibration conditions of each area, where in order to reflect vibration conditions of the global target optical cable, corresponding detection points are set according to different detection areas (where the detection points may be a plurality of detection points selected after analyzing collected backscattered light, or a plurality of vibration acquisition devices manually installed as detection points).

In practical application, determining target detection points corresponding to the target vibration data of different detection areas (i.e. determining from which detection point each target vibration data is collected) based on each detection area;

204. generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude and the target detection point corresponding to the target vibration data;

in this embodiment, based on the vibration amplitude and the target detection point corresponding to the target vibration data, the detection time (30 s) is taken as an abscissa, and the overall length of the target optical cable is taken as an ordinate, where there are a plurality of target detection points on the ordinate, so as to generate a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the target optical cable (i.e. generate a global vibration thermodynamic diagram before the A1 process), and display the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area.

205. In response to a third control operation for the first display area, normalizing the vibration amplitude of each target detection point based on the preset background noise vibration intensity corresponding to each target detection point;

in this embodiment, in response to the third control operation for the first display area, based on the preset background noise vibration intensities corresponding to the respective target detection points, the vibration amplitudes of the respective target detection points are subjected to intensity subtraction processing by using the background noise vibration intensities (that is, the vibration amplitudes of the respective target detection points are compared with the corresponding background noise vibration intensities, and the vibration amplitudes are higher than the background noise vibration intensities, and the background noise vibration intensities are intercepted), and new target vibration data is generated by combining.

206. Based on the vibration amplitude after normalization processing, generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the aligned target optical cable, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in a first display area;

in this embodiment, a global vibration thermodynamic diagram after alignment of the target fiber optic cable (i.e., a global vibration thermodynamic diagram after processing A2) is generated based on the normalized vibration amplitude (i.e., new target vibration data) and displayed in the first display area.

207. Determining each abnormal detection point and corresponding abnormal vibration time from each target detection point based on a preset abnormal vibration threshold value corresponding to a detection area to which the vibration data belong, and respectively identifying each abnormal category corresponding to each abnormal detection point, an estimated proportion corresponding to each abnormal category and an abnormal grade by using a preset external breaking algorithm;

in this embodiment, based on a preset abnormal vibration threshold corresponding to a detection area to which vibration data belongs, an abnormal state analysis is performed on the normalized global vibration thermodynamic diagram, and based on a thermodynamic value corresponding to the abnormal vibration threshold, an abnormal detection point and a corresponding abnormal vibration time in the global vibration thermodynamic diagram are determined, and then each abnormal vibration category corresponding to each abnormal detection point, an estimated proportion corresponding to each abnormal vibration category, and an abnormal vibration level are respectively identified by using a preset external breaking algorithm.

208. Obtaining a detection result based on each abnormal detection point and the corresponding abnormal vibration time, abnormal category, estimated proportion and abnormal grade;

in the embodiment, based on each abnormal detection point and the corresponding abnormal vibration time, abnormal category, estimated proportion and abnormal grade, generating alarm information corresponding to the abnormal vibration detection point in the whole optical cable, obtaining a detection result, and displaying the detection result in a second display area;

209. generating, in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a first presentation animation that varies with each detection region in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second presentation animation that varies with the detection time of the target detection region corresponding to the first control operation using vibration data; or generating a third display animation corresponding to the detection result by using the vibration data in response to a second control operation for the second display area;

210. and displaying the first display animation, the second display animation or the third display animation in the third display area.

In the embodiment of the invention, the collected vibration data of each frame is selected and normalized, so that global vibration thermodynamic diagrams before processing and after noise normalization processing are generated, and abnormal vibration alarm analysis is further carried out on the thermodynamic diagrams after normalization processing, so that the alarm information of global abnormal vibration of different detection areas of the target optical cable is obtained, and the analysis and display effects of the distributed optical cable global abnormal vibration information are improved.

Referring to fig. 4, a third embodiment of a method for displaying an optical cable external damage early warning interface according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

301. acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable, and determining vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data, wherein the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental positions;

302. generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram by utilizing vibration amplitude according to a detection area and detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in a first display area;

303. performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in a second display area;

304. generating, in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a first presentation animation that varies with each detection region in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second presentation animation that varies with the detection time of the target detection region corresponding to the first control operation using vibration data; or generating a third display animation corresponding to the detection result by using the vibration data in response to a second control operation for the second display area;

305. Displaying the first display animation, the second display animation or the third display animation in a third display area;

306. in response to a fourth control operation for the third display region, converting the first thermal waveform map into corresponding first audio features and generating first audio animations that vary with each detection region in the target detection time, or converting the second thermal waveform map into corresponding second audio features and generating second audio animations that vary with the detection time of the target detection region, or converting the third thermal waveform map into corresponding third audio features and generating third audio animations that correspond to the abnormal items;

in this embodiment, in response to a fourth control operation for the third display area, the thermal waveform diagram analysis mode is converted into the video sound play mode, and based on the correspondence between the vibration amplitude and the audio feature in each detection area, the first thermal waveform diagram before processing is converted into the corresponding first audio feature and generates the first audio animation that changes with each detection area in the target detection time, or the second audio animation that changes with the detection time in the target detection area after normalization processing is converted into the corresponding second audio feature, or the third thermal waveform diagram corresponding to the abnormal vibration point is converted into the corresponding third audio feature and generates the third audio animation corresponding to the abnormal item.

307. Displaying the first audio animation or the second audio animation or the third audio animation in a third display area;

in the present embodiment, the generated first audio animation or second audio animation or third audio animation is displayed in the third display region.

308. Switching the third display area from the playback mode to the real-time display mode in response to a fifth control operation for the third display area;

in the present embodiment, the third display area is switched from the playback mode to the real-time display mode in response to the fifth control operation (i.e., pair) for the third display area.

309. If the third display area is displayed as the first display animation or the second display animation, generating a fourth display animation of which the vibration amplitude of the target optical cable changes along with time based on the second vibration data of the target optical cable acquired in real time, and displaying the fourth display animation in the third display area;

in this embodiment, if the third display area is displayed as the first display animation or the second display animation, the fourth display animation, in which the vibration amplitude of the target optical cable changes with time, is generated based on the vibration data before the normalization processing or the vibration data after the normalization processing of the target optical cable, which are acquired in real time, and is displayed in the third display area.

310. And if the second detection result is abnormal, sequentially generating corresponding fifth display animation based on the generation sequence of the abnormal second detection result, and displaying the fifth display animation in the third display area.

In this embodiment, if the third display area displays the third display animation, the second detection result of the second vibration data is identified in real time, and if the second detection result is abnormal, the corresponding fifth display animation is sequentially generated based on the vibration data with abnormal vibration, and is displayed in the third display area.

In the embodiment of the invention, the real-time vibration curve conversion is carried out on the global thermal vibration map before and after normalization processing in the first display area and the alarm information in the second display area, and the corresponding audio characteristic signals are converted, so that the detection personnel can locally check the detection points of the characteristics and restore the abnormal points and the global audio characteristics, and the assistant detection personnel further analyze the abnormal vibration type event of the target optical cable by combining the alarm information, thereby improving the analysis and display effects of the global abnormal vibration information of the distributed optical cable.

The method for displaying the optical cable external damage early warning interface in the embodiment of the present invention is described above, and the display device for displaying the optical cable external damage early warning interface in the embodiment of the present invention is described below, referring to fig. 5, one embodiment of the display device for displaying the optical cable external damage early warning interface in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

the amplitude determining module 401 is configured to obtain multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable, and determine vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data, where the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental position;

a first display module 402, configured to generate a global vibration thermodynamic diagram according to a detection area and a detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs, using the vibration amplitude, and display the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area;

a second display module 403, configured to perform abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to a detection area to which the vibration data belongs by using a preset external damage algorithm, obtain a detection result, and display the detection result in the second display area;

an animation generation module 404, configured to generate, in response to a first control operation for the first display area, a first display animation that changes with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second display animation that changes with the detection time in a target detection area corresponding to the first control operation, using the vibration data; or responding to a second control operation for the second display area, and generating a third display animation corresponding to the detection result by utilizing the vibration data;

And a third display module 405, configured to display the first display animation, the second display animation, or the third display animation in the third display area.

Referring to fig. 6, another embodiment of a display device for an optical cable external damage early warning interface in an embodiment of the present invention includes:

Further, the first display module 402 includes:

a target selecting unit 4021 configured to select target vibration data in a preset period from each frame of vibration data based on a preset background noise vibration intensity and a detection time of a detection area to which each frame of vibration data belongs;

a location determination unit 4022 configured to determine a target detection point corresponding to the target vibration data from each detection area;

the first display unit 4023 is configured to generate a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude and the target detection point corresponding to the target vibration data.

Further, the first display module 402 further includes:

a normalization unit 4024 configured to normalize the vibration amplitude of each target detection point based on a preset background noise vibration intensity corresponding to each target detection point in response to a third control operation for the first display area;

the second display unit 4025 is configured to generate a global vibration thermodynamic diagram after the alignment of the target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude after the normalization processing, and display the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area.

Further, the animation generation module 404 includes:

a first generating unit 4041, configured to generate, in response to a first control operation for the first display area, a reference vibration curve of the target optical cable corresponding to a background noise environment according to the background noise vibration intensity, and generate, using the target vibration data, a first thermal waveform map that varies with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation, or a second thermal waveform map that varies with the detection time of the target detection area corresponding to the first control operation, add the reference vibration curve to the first thermal waveform map to generate a first display animation, or add the reference vibration curve to the second thermal waveform map to generate a second display animation; or alternatively, the process may be performed,

a second generating unit 4042, configured to determine, in response to a second control operation for the second display area, an abnormal item selected by the second control operation from the detection result, generate a third thermal waveform diagram corresponding to the abnormal item using the vibration data, and use the third thermal waveform diagram as a third presentation animation.

Further, the third display module 405 includes:

A third generation unit 4051 configured to convert the first thermal waveform map into a corresponding first audio feature and generate a first audio animation that varies with each of the detection regions in the target detection time, or convert the second thermal waveform map into a corresponding second audio feature and generate a second audio animation that varies with the detection time, or convert the third thermal waveform map into a corresponding third audio feature and generate a third audio animation that corresponds to the abnormal item, in response to a fourth control operation for the third display region;

a third display unit 4052 for displaying the first audio animation or the second audio animation or the third audio animation in the third display region.

Further, the second display module 403 includes:

an anomaly identification unit 4031, configured to determine each anomaly detection point and a corresponding anomaly vibration time from each target detection point based on a preset anomaly vibration threshold corresponding to a detection area to which the vibration data belongs, and identify each anomaly category corresponding to each anomaly detection point, an estimated proportion corresponding to each anomaly category, and an anomaly level respectively by using a preset outer breaking algorithm;

The result generating unit 4032 is configured to obtain a detection result based on each of the anomaly detection points and the corresponding anomaly vibration time, anomaly category, estimated proportion, and anomaly level.

Further, the third display module 405 further includes:

a mode switching unit 4053 for switching the third display area from a playback mode to a real-time display mode in response to a fifth control operation for the third display area;

a fourth display unit 4054, configured to generate, if the third display area displays the first display animation or the second display animation, a fourth display animation that changes the vibration amplitude of the target optical cable with time based on the second vibration data of the target optical cable acquired in real time, and display the fourth display animation in the third display area;

and a fifth display unit 4055, configured to identify, in real time, the second detection result of the second vibration data if the third display area displays the third display animation, and generate, in sequence, a corresponding fifth display animation based on the generation order of the abnormal second detection result if the second detection result is abnormal, and display the fifth display animation in the third display area.

Fig. 5 and fig. 6 above describe the display device of the optical cable external damage early warning interface in the embodiment of the present invention in detail from the angle of the modularized functional entity, and the display device of the optical cable external damage early warning interface in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail from the angle of hardware processing below.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device of an optical cable external damage early warning interface according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the display device 600 of the optical cable external damage early warning interface may generate relatively large differences due to different configurations or performances, and may include one or more processors (central processing units, CPU) 610 (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory 620, and one or more storage media 630 (e.g., one or more mass storage devices) storing application programs 633 or data 632. Wherein the memory 620 and the storage medium 630 may be transitory or persistent storage. The program stored on the storage medium 630 may include one or more modules (not shown), each of which may include a series of instruction operations in the display device 600 for the cable external damage warning interface. Still further, the processor 610 may be configured to communicate with the storage medium 630 to execute a series of instruction operations in the storage medium 630 on the display device 600 of the cable outside-break early warning interface.

The display device 600 of the cable break early warning interface may also include one or more power supplies 640, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 650, one or more input/output interfaces 660, and/or one or more operating systems 631, such as Windows Serve, mac OS X, unix, linux, freeBSD, and the like. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the display device structure of the cable jacket warning interface shown in fig. 7 is not limiting of the display device of the cable jacket warning interface and may include more or fewer components than shown, or may be combined with certain components or a different arrangement of components.

The invention also provides a display device of the optical cable external damage early warning interface, the computer device comprises a memory and a processor, the memory stores computer readable instructions, and when the computer readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the display method of the optical cable external damage early warning interface in the embodiments.

The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which can be a nonvolatile computer readable storage medium, and can also be a volatile computer readable storage medium, wherein instructions are stored in the computer readable storage medium, and when the instructions run on a computer, the instructions cause the computer to execute the steps of the method for displaying the optical cable external damage early warning interface.

It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.

The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in part or all of the technical solution or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (random access memory, RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.

The application is operational with numerous general purpose or special purpose computer system environments or configurations. For example: personal computers, server computers, hand-held or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. The display method of the optical cable external damage early warning interface is characterized in that the optical cable external damage early warning interface comprises a first display area, a second display area and a third display area, and the display method of the optical cable external damage early warning interface comprises the following steps:

acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable, and determining vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data, wherein the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental positions;

generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram by utilizing the vibration amplitude according to the detection area and the detection time of each frame of vibration data, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area;

performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in the second display area;

generating, in response to a first control operation for the first display region, a first presentation animation that varies with each detection region in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second presentation animation that varies with the detection time for a target detection region corresponding to the first control operation using the vibration data; or responding to a second control operation for the second display area, and generating a third display animation corresponding to the detection result by utilizing the vibration data;

And displaying the first display animation, the second display animation or the third display animation in the third display area.

2. The method for displaying an optical cable external damage warning interface according to claim 1, wherein the generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram according to the detection area and the detection time to which each frame of vibration data belongs by using the vibration amplitude comprises:

selecting target vibration data in a preset period from each frame of vibration data based on the preset background noise vibration intensity and the belonging detection time of the detection area to which each frame of vibration data belongs;

determining target detection points corresponding to the target vibration data from each detection area;

and generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude and the target detection point corresponding to the target vibration data.

3. The method for displaying an optical cable external damage warning interface according to claim 2, wherein after generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram using the vibration amplitude in the detection area and the detection time to which the vibration data according to each frame belong and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area, the method further comprises:

in response to a third control operation for the first display area, normalizing the vibration amplitude of each target detection point based on the preset background noise vibration intensity corresponding to each target detection point;

And generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram of the aligned target optical cable based on the vibration amplitude after normalization processing, and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the generating, in response to a first control operation for the first display area, a first display animation that changes with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second display animation that changes with the detection time in a target detection area corresponding to the first control operation using the vibration data; or in response to a second control operation for the second display area, generating a third presentation animation corresponding to the detection result by using the vibration data, including:

generating a reference vibration curve of the target optical cable corresponding to a background noise environment according to the background noise vibration intensity in response to a first control operation for the first display area, generating a first thermal waveform diagram changing with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or generating a second thermal waveform diagram changing with the detection time of the target detection area corresponding to the first control operation by utilizing the target vibration data, adding the reference vibration curve to the first thermal waveform diagram to generate a first display animation, or adding the reference vibration curve to the second thermal waveform diagram to generate a second display animation; or alternatively, the process may be performed,

And responding to a second control operation aiming at the second display area, determining an abnormal item selected by the second control operation from the detection result, generating a third thermal waveform diagram corresponding to the abnormal item by utilizing the vibration data, and taking the third thermal waveform diagram as a third display animation.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, after the displaying the first, second, or third display animations in the third display region:

in response to a fourth control operation for the third display region, converting the first thermal waveform map into a corresponding first audio feature and generating a first audio animation of the target detection time that varies with each of the detection regions, or converting the second thermal waveform map into a corresponding second audio feature and generating a second audio animation of the target detection region that varies with the detection time, or converting the third thermal waveform map into a corresponding third audio feature and generating a third audio animation of the abnormal item;

and displaying the first audio animation or the second audio animation or the third audio animation in the third display area.

6. The method for displaying an optical cable external damage warning interface according to claim 2, wherein the performing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area to which the vibration data belongs by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result comprises:

determining each abnormal detection point and corresponding abnormal vibration time from each target detection point based on a preset abnormal vibration threshold value corresponding to a detection area to which the vibration data belong, and respectively identifying each abnormal category corresponding to each abnormal detection point, an estimated proportion corresponding to each abnormal category and an abnormal grade by using a preset external breaking algorithm;

and obtaining a detection result based on each abnormal detection point and the corresponding abnormal vibration time, abnormal category, estimated proportion and abnormal grade.

7. The method of displaying a cable break early warning interface according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising, after the displaying the first, second, or third display animations in the third display region:

switching the third display area from a playback mode to a real-time display mode in response to a fifth control operation for the third display area;

If the third display area is displayed as the first display animation or the second display animation, generating a fourth display animation with the vibration amplitude of the target optical cable changing along with time based on the second vibration data of the target optical cable acquired in real time, and displaying the fourth display animation in the third display area;

and if the third display area is displayed as a third display animation, identifying a second detection result of the second vibration data in real time, and if the second detection result is abnormal, sequentially generating a corresponding fifth display animation based on the generation sequence of the abnormal second detection result, and displaying the fifth display animation in the third display area.

8. The utility model provides a display device of broken early warning interface outward of optical cable, its characterized in that, broken early warning interface outward of optical cable includes first display area, second display area and third display area, the display device of broken early warning interface outward of optical cable includes:

the system comprises an amplitude determining module, a detecting module and a judging module, wherein the amplitude determining module is used for acquiring multi-frame vibration data of a target optical cable and determining the vibration amplitude of each frame of vibration data, and the target optical cable is correspondingly provided with a plurality of detection areas according to the environmental positions;

the first display module is used for generating a global vibration thermodynamic diagram according to the detection area and the detection time of each frame of vibration data by utilizing the vibration amplitude and displaying the global vibration thermodynamic diagram in the first display area;

The second display module is used for executing abnormal vibration detection on the vibration data according to the detection area to which the vibration data belong by using a preset external damage algorithm to obtain a detection result, and displaying the detection result in the second display area;

the animation generation module is used for responding to a first control operation aiming at the first display area and generating a first display animation changing along with each detection area in a target detection time corresponding to the first control operation or a second display animation changing along with the detection time of the target detection area corresponding to the first control operation by utilizing the vibration data; or responding to a second control operation for the second display area, and generating a third display animation corresponding to the detection result by utilizing the vibration data;

and the third display module is used for displaying the first display animation, the second display animation or the third display animation in the third display area.

9. The display device of the optical cable external damage early warning interface is characterized by comprising: a memory and at least one processor, the memory having instructions stored therein;

The at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause a display device of the cable break early warning interface to perform the steps of the method of displaying a cable break early warning interface of any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor, perform the steps of the method for displaying a cable break early warning interface according to any one of claims 1-7.