CN116574891A - Steel ball production heat treatment process - Google Patents
Steel ball production heat treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116574891A CN116574891A CN202310604110.8A CN202310604110A CN116574891A CN 116574891 A CN116574891 A CN 116574891A CN 202310604110 A CN202310604110 A CN 202310604110A CN 116574891 A CN116574891 A CN 116574891A
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- steel ball
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- heating
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a steel ball production heat treatment process, which particularly relates to the technical field of steel ball production, and comprises four basic processes of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, and comprises the following specific operations: heating the steel ball to 750 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, discharging the steel ball when the steel ball is cooled to 600 ℃ in an annealing furnace, uniformly cooling the steel ball to room temperature in free flowing air, quenching the steel ball cooled to the room temperature in a coolant at 320 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, taking out the steel ball, uniformly cooling the steel ball in free flowing air, and placing the cooled steel ball in the annealing furnace to 150-650 ℃ for tempering and preserving heat for three hours; the application uses high-frequency induction heating to quickly heat the surface of the steel ball to the quenching temperature, the core temperature is still close to the room temperature, then water is sprayed and cooled immediately, so that the surface of the steel ball is hardened, the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the fatigue strength of the steel ball are improved, and the quality of the steel ball is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steel ball production, in particular to a steel ball production heat treatment process.
Background
The steel ball heat treatment is one of important processes in the mechanical manufacturing, compared with other processing processes, the heat treatment generally does not change the shape and the integral chemical composition of a workpiece, but gives or improves the service performance of the workpiece by changing the microscopic structure inside the workpiece or changing the chemical composition of the surface of the workpiece.
The prior patent publication No. CN85104240A discloses a heat treatment process and equipment after hot rolling forming of metal products, wherein a whole set of special heat treatment equipment is arranged on a ball milling steel ball production line, and the pre-cooling, quenching and self-tempering heat treatment is carried out on the hot-state steel balls formed by rolling, so that the hardness of ball milling steel balls with phi 80-125 mm can be improved to 45-62 HRC, and the wear resistance of the ball milling steel balls is doubled compared with that of common hot rolling steel balls. The waste heat after rolling the steel ball is utilized to carry out heat treatment, so that energy sources can be saved.
The quality of the technological performance of the steel ball material determines the adaptability of the steel ball material to processing and forming in the manufacturing process, the quality of the service performance of the steel ball material determines the application range and service life of the steel ball material, the existing steel ball production heat treatment process has the defects that the steel ball is overheated or over-burned due to improper forging heating time or temperature control, so that the crystal grains are coarse, the toughness of a workpiece is reduced, on the other hand, the forging deformation of the central part of the steel ball is small, the cooling speed is also small, the recrystallized crystal grains at the part are coarse, the cracking fracture of the steel ball is most likely to occur in the middle part, the temperature distribution is uneven during quenching to form very high tissue stress, the surface is in a compressive stress state, the inside is tensile stress, in addition, the water quenching cooling capability of the steel ball is strong, the inner layer tissue of the workpiece is coarse, a harder tissue exists near the central part, the toughness of the workpiece is poor, the cracking potential hazards exist due to the cracking of the cracks, and the uncertainty of the tempering temperature affects the hardness of the steel ball.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application provides a steel ball production heat treatment process, which rapidly heats the surface of the steel ball to a quenching temperature by using high-frequency induction heating, and the core temperature is still close to the room temperature, and then immediately sprays water for cooling, so that the surface of the steel ball is quenched, the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the fatigue strength of the steel ball are improved, and the quality of the steel ball is improved.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a steel ball production heat treatment process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: the steel ball production heat treatment process comprises four basic processes of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, and comprises the following specific operations:
step one: heating the steel ball to 750 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, discharging the steel ball when the steel ball is cooled to 600 ℃ in an annealing furnace, and uniformly cooling the steel ball to room temperature in free flowing air;
step two: quenching the steel ball cooled to room temperature in the first step into a coolant at 320 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, taking out, and then uniformly cooling in free flowing air;
step three: placing the steel ball cooled in the second step into a tempering furnace, heating to 150-650 ℃ for tempering and preserving heat for three hours;
step four: and (3) taking out the steel ball subjected to heat preservation in the step three, and putting the steel ball into a coolant to be cooled to room temperature.
Preferably, the coolant in the second step is a potassium nitrate bath, and the coolant in the fourth step is oil.
Preferably, the heating, heat preserving and cooling processes in the steps are connected with each other without interruption.
Preferably, before the steel ball is quenched, whether the quenching medium flows circularly well is further checked, the quenching clamp is complete, and when the steel ball is produced in batches, the quenching principle that the first part can continue to be discharged after being quenched is maintained, and the steel ball workpiece cannot be provided with water, oil and other dirt.
Preferably, the heating temperature and the heat preservation time of the steel ball are correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the steel ball, and the size of the steel ball is in proportional relation with the heating temperature and the heat preservation time.
Preferably, a heating furnace is used for heating the steel balls, and a instilling protective atmosphere or a steel ball coating is used for protecting the steel balls in the heating furnace.
Preferably, the instilling agent in the heating furnace comprises methanol and acetone.
Preferably, the paint formula is as follows:
(1) 10% graphite +90% grease;
(2) 100g SiO2+5g Al2O3+25g NaSiO3+40gH2O, and the thickness of the hot coating layer is 0.05-0.1 mm;
(3) 20g SiO2+10g Al2O3+10g Cr2O3+10g SiC+8g KSiO3+12-15 g H2O, and the thickness of the thermal coating is 0.2-0.3 mm.
(III) beneficial effects
The application provides a steel ball production heat treatment process, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the application uses high frequency induction heating, when the steel ball has current, magnetic field is generated around it, high frequency current flows to the inductance coil wound into ring shape or other shape, thereby generating strong magnetic beam with polarity changing instantly in the coil, placing the heated steel ball in the induction coil, the magnetic beam will penetrate the whole steel ball, generating great vortex in the opposite direction of the heating current in the steel ball, the distribution of vortex on the steel ball cross section is uneven, the core is almost equal to zero, the surface current density is extremely large, called as 'skin effect', the higher the frequency, the thinner the surface layer with extremely high current density, the surface of the steel ball is heated to quenching temperature rapidly, the core temperature is still close to room temperature by virtue of the current and the resistance of the steel ball itself, then water spray cooling is performed immediately, the quenching speed of the induction heating surface is fast, the production efficiency is high, the heating temperature and the depth of quench layer are easy to control, the surface oxidation and decarburization of the steel ball are less, and the whole quenching process can realize mechanization and automation.
2. The steel ball subjected to surface quenching by high-frequency induction heating has higher surface hardness, better wear resistance, higher fatigue strength and lower notch sensitivity because of fine martensite crystal grains of the quenching layer and high carbide dispersity, so that the quality of the steel ball is improved.
3. The application carries out tempering after the steel ball is quenched, reduces or eliminates quenching stress, improves toughness and plasticity, and obtains proper cooperation of hardness, strength, plasticity and toughness so as to meet the performance requirement of the steel ball.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is described below through specific examples. It is to be understood that the mention of one or more method steps of the present application does not exclude the presence of other method steps before and after the combination step or that other method steps may be interposed between these explicitly mentioned steps; it should also be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, the numbering of the method steps is merely a convenient tool for identifying the method steps and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of the method steps or to limit the scope of the application in which the application may be practiced, as such changes or modifications in their relative relationships may be regarded as within the scope of the application without substantial modification to the technical matter.
In order to better understand the above technical solution, exemplary embodiments of the present application are described in more detail below. While exemplary embodiments of the application are shown, it should be understood that the application may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.
The application will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
Example 1
The application provides a technical scheme that: a steel ball production heat treatment process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: the steel ball production heat treatment process comprises four basic processes of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, and comprises the following specific operations:
step one: heating the steel ball to 750 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, discharging the steel ball when the steel ball is cooled to 600 ℃ in an annealing furnace, and uniformly cooling the steel ball to room temperature in free flowing air;
step two: quenching the steel ball cooled to room temperature in the first step into a coolant at 320 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, taking out, and then uniformly cooling in free flowing air;
step three: placing the steel ball cooled in the second step into a tempering furnace, heating to 150-250 ℃ for tempering and preserving heat for three hours;
step four: and (3) taking out the steel ball subjected to heat preservation in the step three, and putting the steel ball into a coolant to be cooled to room temperature.
Further, the coolant in the second step is a potassium nitrate bath, and the coolant in the fourth step is oil.
Further, the heating, heat preservation and cooling processes in the steps are mutually connected and can not be interrupted.
Furthermore, before the steel ball is quenched, whether the quenching medium flows circularly well is further checked, the quenching clamp is complete, and when the steel ball is produced in batches, the quenching principle that the first part can continue to be discharged after being quenched is maintained, and the steel ball workpiece cannot be provided with water, oil and other dirt.
Furthermore, the heating temperature and the heat preservation time of the steel ball are correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the steel ball, and the size of the steel ball is in proportional relation with the heating temperature and the heat preservation time.
Furthermore, a heating furnace is used when the steel ball is heated, and a instilling protective atmosphere or a steel ball coating is used in the heating furnace to prevent the steel ball from oxidizing and reduce decarburization.
Furthermore, the instilling agent in the heating furnace comprises methanol and acetone, so that the furnace gas is in reducibility.
Further, the paint formula comprises:
(1) 10% graphite +90% grease;
(2) 100g SiO2+5g Al2O3+25g NaSiO3+40gH2O, and the thickness of the hot coating layer is 0.05-0.1 mm;
(3) 20g SiO2+10g Al2O3+10g Cr2O3+10g SiC+8g KSiO3+12-15 g H2O, and the thickness of the thermal coating is 0.2-0.3 mm.
Example 2
The application provides a technical scheme that: a steel ball production heat treatment process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: the steel ball production heat treatment process comprises four basic processes of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, and comprises the following specific operations:
step one: heating the steel ball to 750 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, discharging the steel ball when the steel ball is cooled to 600 ℃ in an annealing furnace, and uniformly cooling the steel ball to room temperature in free flowing air;
step two: quenching the steel ball cooled to room temperature in the first step into a coolant at 320 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, taking out, and then uniformly cooling in free flowing air;
step three: placing the steel ball cooled in the second step into a tempering furnace, heating to 350-500 ℃ for tempering and preserving heat for three hours;
step four: and (3) taking out the steel ball subjected to heat preservation in the step three, and putting the steel ball into a coolant to be cooled to room temperature.
Further, the coolant in the second step is a potassium nitrate bath, and the coolant in the fourth step is oil.
Further, the heating, heat preservation and cooling processes in the steps are mutually connected and can not be interrupted.
Furthermore, before the steel ball is quenched, whether the quenching medium flows circularly well is further checked, the quenching clamp is complete, and when the steel ball is produced in batches, the quenching principle that the first part can continue to be discharged after being quenched is maintained, and the steel ball workpiece cannot be provided with water, oil and other dirt.
Furthermore, the heating temperature and the heat preservation time of the steel ball are correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the steel ball, and the size of the steel ball is in proportional relation with the heating temperature and the heat preservation time.
Furthermore, a heating furnace is used when the steel ball is heated, and a instilling protective atmosphere or a steel ball coating is used in the heating furnace to prevent the steel ball from oxidizing and reduce decarburization.
Furthermore, the instilling agent in the heating furnace comprises methanol and acetone, so that the furnace gas is in reducibility.
Further, the paint formula comprises:
(1) 10% graphite +90% grease;
(2) 100g SiO2+5g Al2O3+25g NaSiO3+40gH2O, and the thickness of the hot coating layer is 0.05-0.1 mm;
(3) 20g SiO2+10g Al2O3+10g Cr2O3+10g SiC+8g KSiO3+12-15 g H2O, and the thickness of the thermal coating is 0.2-0.3 mm.
Example 3
The application provides a technical scheme that: a steel ball production heat treatment process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: the steel ball production heat treatment process comprises four basic processes of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, and comprises the following specific operations:
step one: heating the steel ball to 750 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, discharging the steel ball when the steel ball is cooled to 600 ℃ in an annealing furnace, and uniformly cooling the steel ball to room temperature in free flowing air;
step two: quenching the steel ball cooled to room temperature in the first step into a coolant at 320 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, taking out, and then uniformly cooling in free flowing air;
step three: placing the steel ball cooled in the second step into a tempering furnace, heating to 500-650 ℃ for tempering and preserving heat for three hours;
step four: and (3) taking out the steel ball subjected to heat preservation in the step three, and putting the steel ball into a coolant to be cooled to room temperature.
Further, the coolant in the second step is a potassium nitrate bath, and the coolant in the fourth step is oil.
Further, the heating, heat preservation and cooling processes in the steps are mutually connected and can not be interrupted.
Furthermore, before the steel ball is quenched, whether the quenching medium flows circularly well is further checked, the quenching clamp is complete, and when the steel ball is produced in batches, the quenching principle that the first part can continue to be discharged after being quenched is maintained, and the steel ball workpiece cannot be provided with water, oil and other dirt.
Furthermore, the heating temperature and the heat preservation time of the steel ball are correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the steel ball, and the size of the steel ball is in proportional relation with the heating temperature and the heat preservation time.
Furthermore, a heating furnace is used when the steel ball is heated, and a instilling protective atmosphere or a steel ball coating is used in the heating furnace to prevent the steel ball from oxidizing and reduce decarburization.
Furthermore, the instilling agent in the heating furnace comprises methanol and acetone, so that the furnace gas is in reducibility.
Further, the paint formula comprises:
(1) 10% graphite +90% grease;
(2) 100g SiO2+5g Al2O3+25g NaSiO3+40gH2O, and the thickness of the hot coating layer is 0.05-0.1 mm;
(3) 20g SiO2+10g Al2O3+10g Cr2O3+10g SiC+8g KSiO3+12-15 g H2O, and the thickness of the thermal coating is 0.2-0.3 mm.
Experimental example:
tempering temperature and steel ball hardness test: tempering temperature and steel ball hardness tests were performed by taking examples 1, 2 and 3.
Table 1 comparative example and tempering temperature and steel ball hardness test table of the example of the present technology
| Tempering temperature | The obtained organization name | Hardness of steel ball | |
| Example 1 | 150℃～250℃ | Tempered martensite | HRC58-64 |
| Example 2 | 350℃～500℃ | Tempered troostite | HRC35-50 |
| Example 3 | 500℃～650℃ | Tempered sorbite | HB200-330 |
As can be seen from the table, the tempering temperature of the present application affects the hardness of the steel ball, so that the tempering temperature can be controlled according to the hardness of the steel ball.
Working principle: the steel ball is heated to 750 ℃, kept for three hours, then slowly cooled to obtain a structure of spherical or granular carbide uniformly distributed on a ferrite matrix, at the moment, the steel ball is subjected to spheroidizing annealing to obtain a spherical pearlite structure, cementite is spherical particles and is dispersed and distributed on the ferrite matrix, austenite grains are not easy to grow up during quenching heating, the spheroidizing annealing heating temperature is 600 ℃, isothermal cooling or direct slow cooling is carried out after heat preservation, spheroidizing annealing Shi Aoshi is 'incomplete', only flaky pearlite is converted into austenite, and a small amount of excessive carbide is dissolved, so that the spheroidizing annealing can not only shorten the period, but also make the spheroidized structure uniform, and the hardness after annealing can be strictly controlled;
heating austenitized steel balls to 320 ℃ and keeping isothermal in a salt bath of potassium nitrate for three hours to convert the austenitized steel balls into a lower bainite structure, taking out the lower bainite structure for cooling in air, wherein the lower bainite structure has higher strength and hardness and good toughness, the comprehensive mechanical property of the steel balls is improved, the isothermal quenching reduces the temperature difference between the steel balls and a quenching medium, so that the quenching stress is reduced, the volume ratio of bainite to martensite is small, the internal temperature and the external temperature of the steel balls are consistent, the stress of the quenching structure is also small, the deformation and cracking tendency of the steel balls can be obviously reduced by isothermal quenching, and when the steel balls are fully quenched into martensite and tempered at 150-170 ℃, the internal structure of the steel balls is changed according to the rise of tempering temperature, and the four stages are carried out: 1) Decomposition of martensite; 2) Transformation of retained austenite; 3) Transformation of carbide; 4) e phase state change and carbide aggregation growth, tempering to reduce or eliminate quenching stress, improve toughness and plasticity, obtain proper cooperation of hardness, strength, plasticity and toughness to meet the performance requirement of the steel ball, tempering temperature range of 150-250 ℃, tempered structure of tempered martensite, high hardness and high wear resistance of the steel, but internal stress and brittleness reduction, carburized and surface quenched steel ball, hardness after tempering of HRC58-64, and oil cooling after tempering to inhibit tempering brittleness.
In summary, the application uses high-frequency induction heating to quickly heat the surface of the steel ball to the quenching temperature, the core temperature is still close to the room temperature, then water is sprayed and cooled immediately, so that the surface of the steel ball is quenched, the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the fatigue strength of the steel ball are improved, and the quality of the steel ball is improved.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A steel ball production heat treatment process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: the steel ball production heat treatment process comprises four basic processes of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, and comprises the following specific operations:
step one: heating the steel ball to 750 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, discharging the steel ball when the steel ball is cooled to 600 ℃ in an annealing furnace, and uniformly cooling the steel ball to room temperature in free flowing air;
step two: quenching the steel ball cooled to room temperature in the first step into a coolant at 320 ℃ and preserving heat for three hours, taking out, and then uniformly cooling in free flowing air;
step three: placing the steel ball cooled in the second step into a tempering furnace, heating to 150-650 ℃ for tempering and preserving heat for three hours;
step four: and (3) taking out the steel ball subjected to heat preservation in the step three, and putting the steel ball into a coolant to be cooled to room temperature.
2. The steel ball production heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: the coolant in the second step is potassium nitrate bath, and the coolant in the fourth step is oil.
3. The steel ball production heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: the heating, heat preservation and cooling processes in the steps are mutually connected and can not be interrupted.
4. The steel ball production heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: before the steel ball is quenched, whether the quenching medium flows circularly well or not is further checked, the quenching clamp is complete, and when the steel ball is produced in batches, the quenching principle that the first part can be continuously discharged after being quenched is maintained, and the steel ball workpiece cannot be provided with water, oil and other dirt.
5. The steel ball production heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: the heating temperature and the heat preservation time of the steel ball are correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the steel ball, and the size of the steel ball is in proportional relation with the heating temperature and the heat preservation time.
6. The steel ball production heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: when the steel ball is heated, a heating furnace is used, and a instilling protective atmosphere or a steel ball coating is used for protecting the steel ball in the heating furnace.
7. The steel ball production heat treatment process according to claim 6, wherein: the instilling agent in the heating furnace comprises methanol and acetone.
8. The steel ball production heat treatment process according to claim 6, wherein: the paint comprises the following formula:
(1) 10% graphite +90% grease;
(2) 100g SiO2+5g Al2O3+25g NaSiO3+40gH2O, and the thickness of the hot coating layer is 0.05-0.1 mm;
(3) 20g SiO2+10g Al2O3+10g Cr2O3+10g SiC+8g KSiO3+12-15 g H2O, and the thickness of the thermal coating is 0.2-0.3 mm.
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