CN116569279A - Magnetostrictive element for power generation and magnetostrictive power generation device - Google Patents

Magnetostrictive element for power generation and magnetostrictive power generation device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116569279A
CN116569279A CN202180081976.4A CN202180081976A CN116569279A CN 116569279 A CN116569279 A CN 116569279A CN 202180081976 A CN202180081976 A CN 202180081976A CN 116569279 A CN116569279 A CN 116569279A
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steel sheet
electromagnetic steel
magnetostrictive
power generation
magnetostrictive element
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CN202180081976.4A
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坂本广明
田边昌男
寺岛晋一
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Nippon Steel Chemical and Materials Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP2021101012A external-priority patent/JP2022090601A/en
Application filed by Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd
Priority claimed from PCT/JP2021/044214 external-priority patent/WO2022124185A1/en
Publication of CN116569279A publication Critical patent/CN116569279A/en
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Abstract

The invention provides a magnetostrictive power generation device which has low cost and excellent durability and can realize the same or more power generation amount than the conventional magnetostrictive power generation device. The invention provides a magnetostrictive element for power generation, which is formed by a laminated body comprising at least one electromagnetic steel plate layer, and at least one of the following conditions A and B is satisfied. Condition a: the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer includes two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, and the two or more electromagnetic steel sheets are joined to each other via a brazing filler metal portion; and condition B: the laminate further includes at least one elastic material layer on which the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer is bonded via a solder portion.

Description

Magnetostrictive element for power generation and magnetostrictive power generation device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a magnetostrictive element for power generation and a magnetostrictive power generation device.
Background
In an application of internet of things (Internet of Things, hereinafter abbreviated as "IoT") which has been developed in recent years, a wireless sensor module in which a sensor, a power supply, a wireless communication device, and the like are integrated is used for connection of an object to the internet. As a power source of such a wireless sensor module, it is desired to develop a power generation device capable of generating power from energy generated in an environment of an installation site without performing periodic manual maintenance such as battery replacement or charging work.
An example of such a power generation device is a magnetostrictive vibration power generation device that uses the inverse effect of magnetostriction, that is, inverse magnetostriction. The inverse magnetostriction refers to a phenomenon in which magnetization of a magnetostrictive material changes when strain is applied to the magnetostrictive material by vibration or the like. Magnetostrictive vibration power generation applies strain to a magnetostrictive material by vibration, and generates electromotive force in a coil wound around a magnetostrictive element by a change in magnetization due to an inverse magnetostrictive effect according to an electromagnetic induction law.
Conventionally, in order to improve the power generation performance of a magnetostrictive material, a method of increasing the amount of magnetostriction has been attempted. This is because, when tensile strain and compressive strain are alternately applied to the magnetostrictive material, the larger the change (Δb) in magnetic flux density by reverse magnetostriction is, the larger the power generation output is. From such a viewpoint, as a material having a large magnetostriction amount, a FeGa alloy, a FeCo alloy, a FeAl alloy, or the like has been developed, and power generation facilities using these magnetostrictive materials have also been developed (patent documents 1 to 6).
For example, in the power generation facility described in patent document 1, a magnetostrictive material is bonded to a soft magnetic material, and the magnetization of the soft magnetic material is changed by the magnetization of the magnetostrictive material in order to improve the power generation performance and reduce the quality variation. By doing so, in the detection coil, in addition to the voltage caused by the change in magnetization of the magnetostrictive material, the voltage caused by the change in magnetization of the soft magnetic material is also induced. As the magnetostrictive material to be used, feCo, feAl, ni, niFe, niCo and the like are described, and as the soft magnetic material, fe, feNi, feSi and electromagnetic stainless steel are described. As a method of bonding the magnetostrictive material and the soft magnetic material, thermal diffusion bonding, hot rolling, hot drawing, adhesion, welding, clad rolling, explosion compression bonding, and the like are described.
In the power generation facility described in patent document 2, in order to increase electromotive force, reduce manufacturing cost, and improve mass productivity, a parallel beam structure in which a magnetostrictive material and a magnetic material are stacked is manufactured, and an actuator having a structure to be used in a state in which the magnetic material is magnetically saturated by a bias magnetic field is disclosed. In this actuator, the back yoke is shaped like コ, the neutral plane is provided outside the magnetostrictive material, and the change in the bias magnetic field caused by vibration is superimposed on the change in magnetization of the magnetostrictive material, thereby increasing the electromotive force. As the magnetostrictive material, feGa, feCo, feAl, feSiB, amorphous material, and the like are described, and as the magnetic material, SPCC, carbon steel (SS 400, SC, SK 2), ferritic stainless steel (SUS 430), and the like are described. Patent document 2 describes that, when a parallel beam structure is manufactured, both ends of a magnetostrictive material and a magnetic material are fixed by soldering, welding, brazing, resistance welding, laser welding, ultrasonic bonding, an adhesive, or the like.
Patent document 3 discloses a power generating element in which a magnetostrictive material is bonded to a non-magnetic material as a reinforcing material, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the magnetostrictive material to the reinforcing material is defined to be >0.8 in order to enhance the power generating efficiency and to perform uniform stress loading. As the magnetostrictive material, feGa, feCo, feNi and the like are described, and as the reinforcing material, filler-containing resin, al, mg, zn, cu and the like are described. As a method of bonding the magnetostrictive material to the nonmagnetic material, ultrasonic bonding, solid-phase diffusion bonding, liquid-phase diffusion bonding, resin-based adhesive bonding, metal solder bonding, and the like are described.
In the power generation device of patent document 4, in order to increase the power generation output, a structure is adopted in which the number of turns of the coil can be increased. Specifically, a structure is made in which a magnetostrictive plate and a nonmagnetic structure are surface-bonded, and a magnetic field is circulated from the magnetostrictive plate to a U-shaped yoke around which a coil is wound. As the magnetostrictive plates, feGa and FeCo are described, and as the nonmagnetic structure, stainless steel (SUS 304 and the like) is described. As a method of bonding the magnetostrictive plate to the surface of the nonmagnetic structure, adhesion using an adhesive or an adhesive sheet (photocurable resin or thermosetting resin) is described.
In the power generation facility of patent document 5, a structure in which a magnetostrictive material and a non-magnetic material (reinforcing material) are bonded is produced in order to improve power generation efficiency and to perform uniform stress application, and the structure is used as two parallel beams. As the magnetostrictive material, feGa, feCo, feCo amorphous, fe amorphous, ni amorphous, a sub-magnetic shape memory alloy, a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy, and the like are described, and as the nonmagnetic material, silica, alumina, polyimide, polycarbonate, fiber-reinforced plastic, nonmagnetic metal (Al, cu), and the like are described. However, there is no description about a method of bonding a magnetostrictive material to a nonmagnetic material.
In the power generation device of patent document 6, in order to improve the power generation output, a structure in which a magnetostrictive material and a magnetic material are separated as parallel beams is used. With this structure, the following design is constituted: when the magnetic material is used in a state of not being magnetically saturated, the magnetic flux of the magnetic material is changed by the change of the magnetic flux of the magnetostrictive material, and a voltage obtained by adding an induced voltage by the magnetostrictive material to an induced voltage by the magnetic material is obtained. FeGa, feCo, feNi, feDyTe is described as a magnetostrictive material, and ferritic stainless steel and FeSi, niFe, coFe, smCo, ndFeB, coCr, coPt are described as magnetic materials. In the power generation device of patent document 6, it is also disclosed that a magnetostrictive material is bonded to a soft magnetic material or a nonmagnetic material, but the bonding is performed using an adhesive using a resin.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: international publication No. 2018/230154
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open No. 2018-148791
Patent document 3: international publication No. 2014/021197
Patent document 4: international publication No. 2013/038682
Patent document 5: international publication No. 2013/186876
Patent document 6: japanese patent application laid-open No. 2015-70741
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
As is known from the descriptions of patent documents 1 to 6, various magnetostrictive materials are used together with other materials in magnetostrictive power generating elements and magnetostrictive power generating devices. As magnetostrictive materials, patent documents 2 to 6 describe a known FeGa alloy as a material having the largest amount of magnetostriction, but the FeGa alloy is manufactured by a single crystal pulling method (CZ method) and therefore is very expensive. The FeCo alloys described in patent documents 1 to 6 are produced by a rolling method, but contain Co, and therefore are still expensive. The FeAl alloys described in patent documents 1 and 2 are low in price as compared with the FeGa alloy or the FeCo alloy, but still high in price. Further, there is a problem that the toughness is low and the sheet-like shape is not easily produced by a usual rolling method.
As described above, conventionally used feta alloy, feCo alloy, and FeAl alloy as magnetostrictive materials have been described in many patent documents as magnetostrictive materials for use in magnetostrictive elements for power generation, because λ100, which is a magnetostriction amount in a <100> direction, is 80ppm or more. However, these magnetostrictive materials have problems such as high manufacturing cost and limitation in molding.
In view of such problems, when a magnetostrictive power generating device is manufactured using the above-described high-cost magnetostrictive material, the following structure is adopted: and a structure in which a magnetostrictive element for power generation made of a magnetostrictive material and a target material bonded thereto is manufactured and the magnetostrictive element for power generation is fixed to a frame or the like manufactured from a lower-cost material. Although patent document 1 and patent document 6 describe FeSi alloy (electromagnetic steel sheet) as a soft magnetic material, they are used as a target material bonded to a magnetostrictive material, not as a magnetostrictive material. Such a method for using FeSi alloy is a general method for using FeSi alloy in a conventional magnetic circuit.
Although ultrasonic bonding, solid-phase diffusion bonding, liquid-phase diffusion bonding, bonding using a resin-based adhesive or an adhesive sheet, and the like are disclosed as bonding methods for bonding magnetostrictive materials to other materials, the main bonding methods are bonding using a resin-based adhesive or an adhesive sheet. This method has a technical problem that it is difficult to maintain the bonding strength and the durability is lowered.
Although the solder joining is described as a joining method in patent document 2 and patent document 3, no example using a solder is provided.
Solution to the problem
In view of the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention is a magnetostrictive element for power generation described below.
[1] A magnetostrictive element for power generation is formed of a laminate including at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer, wherein the electromagnetic steel sheet layer includes at least one electromagnetic steel sheet, the laminate satisfies at least one of a condition A and a condition B,
condition a: the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer includes two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, and the two or more electromagnetic steel sheets are joined to each other via a brazing filler metal portion; and
condition B: the laminate further includes at least one elastic material layer on which the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer is bonded via a solder portion.
[2] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to [1], wherein the laminate satisfies only the condition a.
[3] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to [2], wherein the laminate further comprises at least one elastic material layer bonded to the electromagnetic steel sheet layer.
[4] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to [1], wherein the laminate satisfies the condition a and the condition B.
[5] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to [1], wherein the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer is composed of one electromagnetic steel sheet, and the laminate satisfies only the condition B.
[6] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein at least one of the electromagnetic steel plates included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer is a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel plate.
[7] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein at least one of the electromagnetic steel plates included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer is a non-oriented electromagnetic steel plate.
[8] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any of [1] to [7], wherein the elastic material layer is made of a nonmagnetic material.
[9] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the solder portion contains Ni as a main element, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, si, fe, B, P, C, cu and Mo, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Mg oxide, cr oxide, and Si oxide.
[10] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to [9], wherein in at least one of contact surfaces of the electromagnetic steel sheet and the brazing filler metal portion that are present in the magnetostrictive element for power generation, there is a region in which Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet and Ni from the brazing filler metal portion are alloyed, and in elemental analysis of a cross section in a thickness direction of the magnetostrictive element for power generation, there is the region in which alloying occurs with a width of 2 μm or more.
[11] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the solder portion contains Fe as a main element, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, ni, si, B, P, C, cu and Mo, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Mg oxide, cr oxide, and Si oxide.
[12] The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any of [9] to [11], wherein in the solder portion, the shape of the at least one oxide is a block.
A second aspect of the present invention is a magnetostrictive power generating apparatus described below.
[13] A magnetostrictive power generation device is provided with: [1] the magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any of [12], and a frame coupled to the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
[14] The magnetostrictive power generating apparatus according to [13], wherein the power generating magnetostrictive element is continuous with the frame, and at least a part of the frame is composed of a laminate forming the power generating magnetostrictive element.
[15] The magnetostrictive power generating device according to [14], wherein the entire frame is integrally formed with an electromagnetic steel plate extending from a laminate forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
[16] The magnetostrictive power generating apparatus according to [14], wherein the laminated body comprises an elastic material, and the entirety of the frame is integrally formed with the elastic material extending from the laminated body forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
[17] The magnetostrictive power generating apparatus according to [14], wherein the entire frame is integrally formed with the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, there are provided a magnetostrictive element for power generation and a magnetostrictive power generation device, which realize high durability while achieving a magnetostrictive power generation equivalent to or exceeding that of the conventional technology, in spite of low cost compared with the use of a FeGa alloy, a FeCo alloy, and a FeAl alloy as a magnetostrictive material of the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a displacement-load curve of a laminate including an electromagnetic steel sheet and an elastic material.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for testing the durability of a magnetostrictive element.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a unit for applying bending strain to the magnetostrictive element of the invention and measuring a change in magnetic flux density Δb.
FIG. 4 is a view showing the structure of a cross section of a magnetostrictive element according to the present invention by SEM-EDS.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional structure of another magnetostrictive element of the invention observed by SEM-EDS.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the magnetostrictive power generating device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is another schematic view showing the structure of the magnetostrictive power generating device of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a further schematic view showing the structure of the magnetostrictive power generating apparatus of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a result of elemental analysis of a cross-sectional structure of a magnetostrictive element of example 14.
Detailed Description
As described above, in the conventional art, when manufacturing a magnetostrictive power generating device, a magnetostrictive element for power generation is manufactured using a laminate in which a magnetostrictive material is bonded to another material, and the magnetostrictive element for power generation is fixed to a frame or the like manufactured using a lower-cost material. As a method for joining the magnetostrictive material and other materials, a resin-based adhesive is mainly used. However, the resin is a material having a small Young's modulus, and even an epoxy adhesive having a relatively large Young's modulus is only about 2000MPa (2 GPa), which is several tens of times the Young's modulus of a metal. Therefore, if the electromagnetic steel sheet is bonded by an adhesive in a laminate including the electromagnetic steel sheet as a magnetostrictive material, the inventors of the present invention found that since the young's modulus of a resin layer composed of an adhesive between layers is small, when a bending strain due to vibration is applied to the laminate, the strain is relaxed by the resin layer, and the strain applied to the entire laminate is reduced. The decrease in strain is related to a decrease in the amount of power generation by the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
Further, when a magnetostrictive power generating device including a magnetostrictive element for power generation including the laminate is operated, that is, when the magnetostrictive element is vibrated, the strength of a joint portion made of an adhesive is low, and therefore, there is a problem that durability of the magnetostrictive power generating device is easily lowered due to interlayer peeling.
In addition, although it is known to use a brazing filler metal in a method of joining a metal and a metal, no brazing filler metal has been conventionally used in laminating electromagnetic steel sheets. This is because an oxide film is provided on a commercially available electromagnetic steel sheet as an insulating film or a tensile film for reducing iron loss, and there is a concern that damage may occur in the film during joining using a brazing filler metal. Therefore, when the electromagnetic steel sheets are laminated for use as cores of transformers or core materials of motors, the electromagnetic steel sheets are bonded by mechanical caulking, resin bonding, or the like.
Under such conditions, the inventors of the present invention found that: when an electromagnetic steel sheet is used as the magnetostrictive material, and a laminate is formed by joining a plurality of electromagnetic steel sheets or electromagnetic steel sheets with another material (for example, an elastic material), if joining is performed via a brazing filler metal portion, the above-described problems associated with the reduction in power generation amount and durability due to the reduction in strain can be eliminated. Since the brazing filler metal of the metal is a material having a higher young's modulus than the binder, if the electromagnetic steel sheet is joined by the brazing filler metal to the laminate included in the magnetostrictive element for power generation, the strain between the laminates can be suppressed from being relaxed when the bending strain due to the vibration is applied to the magnetostrictive element for power generation. Therefore, a decrease in the amount of power generation by the magnetostrictive element for power generation can be suppressed.
In addition, since the solder has a higher bonding strength than the resin-based adhesive and is less susceptible to environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays and humidity, the durability of the magnetostrictive power generation device can be improved.
The present invention will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
1. Magnetostrictive element for power generation
The present invention relates to a magnetostrictive element for power generation, which is formed from a laminate including at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer, wherein the electromagnetic steel sheet layer includes at least one electromagnetic steel sheet, and the laminate satisfies at least one of the following conditions a and B.
Condition a: at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer comprises more than two electromagnetic steel sheets, and the more than two electromagnetic steel sheets are mutually jointed through a brazing filler metal part; and
condition B: the laminate further includes at least one elastic material layer to which the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer is bonded via a solder portion.
In the present invention, the term "magnetostrictive element for power generation" (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "magnetostrictive element") refers to an element which has a magnetostrictive portion formed of a magnetic material exhibiting magnetostrictive characteristics, that is, a shape change (that is, strain) caused by application of a magnetic field, and which can generate power based on inverse magnetostriction of the magnetostrictive portion.
The laminate forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation of the present invention includes at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer including at least one electromagnetic steel sheet as a magnetostrictive material. In the present invention, the "electromagnetic steel sheet" is a functional material, which is sometimes referred to as a "silicon steel sheet", in which silicon (Si) is added to iron (Fe) to improve the magnetic properties of the iron. The electromagnetic steel sheet of the present invention is an electromagnetic steel sheet having a silicon content of 0.5% or more and 4% or less. An electromagnetic steel sheet having a silicon content of 0.5% or more and 4% or less is suitable for use in a magnetostrictive portion because it can suppress the occurrence of eddy currents that interfere with magnetization change in alternating-current vibration by increasing electrical resistance due to the addition of silicon.
The electromagnetic steel sheet according to the present invention may be an electromagnetic steel sheet provided with an oxide-based coating film, or may be an electromagnetic steel sheet not provided with an oxide-based coating film. As will be described later, the electromagnetic steel sheet is preferably provided with an oxide-based coating film, since a stronger metal bond is formed between the electromagnetic steel sheet and the filler metal. For the purpose of reducing the iron loss, the oxide-based coating may be an insulating coating or a tensile coating provided on a commercially available electromagnetic steel sheet.
Further, at least one electromagnetic steel sheet included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer may be a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet or an unidirectional electromagnetic steel sheet. The electromagnetic steel sheet layer may be composed of only one of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and the non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, or may include both. The grain oriented electrical steel sheet is an electrical steel sheet in which the crystal orientation of metal crystals matches the rolling direction of the steel sheet. Specifically, the present invention provides an electromagnetic steel sheet having {110} <001> goss texture in which the <001> direction coincides with the rolling direction and the rolling surface is the {110} direction. On the other hand, a non-oriented electrical steel sheet is an electrical steel sheet having a relatively random crystal orientation in which the crystal orientation of metal crystals is not uniform in a certain direction. Both the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and the non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are materials having saturation magnetostriction lower than that of the FeGa alloy or the FeCo alloy, but the electric power generation capacity is equal to or higher than that of the conventional magnetostrictive materials. The reason for this is not clear, but is inferred as follows.
As described above, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet has {110} <001> goss texture in which the <001> direction coincides with the rolling direction and the rolling surface is the {110} direction. When compressive strain is applied to the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in a state in which a bias magnetic field is applied in the <001> direction, the magnetic flux density of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet greatly changes. It is considered that this is because if a predetermined magnetic field is applied in the <001> direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, the ratio of the 180 ° magnetic domain to the 90 ° magnetic domain parallel to the <001> direction becomes a ratio at which both the domains interact well, and when strain is applied to the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, switching from the 180 ° magnetic domain to the 90 ° magnetic domain or switching from the 90 ° magnetic domain to the 180 ° magnetic domain is likely to occur. Specifically, if compressive strain is applied in parallel in the magnetization direction of the 180 ° magnetic domain (i.e., the <001> direction), the 180 ° magnetic domain decreases and the 90 ° magnetic domain increases, and if tensile strain is applied in the <001> direction, the 90 ° magnetic domain decreases and the 180 ° magnetic domain increases. Further, if compressive strain is applied perpendicularly in the magnetization direction of the 180 ° magnetic domain (i.e., the <110> direction), the 90 ° magnetic domain decreases and the 180 ° magnetic domain increases, and if tensile strain is applied in the <110> direction, the 180 ° magnetic domain decreases and the 90 ° magnetic domain increases. By these changes in magnetic domains, the magnetization of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet changes, and functions as a magnetostrictive element. In the magnetostrictive power generation device, a voltage is induced in a detection coil wound around a magnetostrictive element by the change in magnetization.
In addition, although the grain orientation of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet does not exist in the non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, when strain is applied in a state where a bias magnetic field is applied, the magnetic flux density greatly changes. In the non-oriented electrical steel sheet, the crystal orientation is relatively random, and therefore the magnetic domains are smaller than in the oriented electrical steel sheet. Therefore, it is considered that, in the case of loading strain, movement is enabled from a domain which is more easily moved among a plurality of domains, and thus, when used as a magnetostrictive element, a large change in magnetic flux density can be obtained.
In the present invention, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is more likely to induce a large change in magnetization than the non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, and therefore, it is preferable to use the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet as the electrical steel sheet included in the magnetostrictive element.
Specific examples of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet include: oriantocore, oriantocore HI-B (e.g. 27ZH 100), oriantocore HI-b.laser, oriantocore HI-b. PERMANENT, manufactured by japan.
Specific examples of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet include: hilistecore (e.g. 35H 210), HOMECORE, manufactured by iron, japan.
The number of electromagnetic steel sheets included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer is not particularly limited, and may be one sheet or two or more sheets, and the number of electromagnetic steel sheets is preferably 1 to 100 sheets, more preferably 2 to 20 sheets. Since the power generation voltage is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the magnetostrictive element, the power generation voltage can be increased by stacking a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates to increase the cross-sectional area. In addition, although ac magnetization corresponding to the vibration frequency is generated in the electromagnetic steel sheet by vibration, if ac magnetization is generated in the electromagnetic steel sheet as a magnetic body, eddy current that hinders the magnetization thereof is generated. In this case, since eddy current is less likely to occur when the electromagnetic steel sheet is thin than when the electromagnetic steel sheet is thick, it is advantageous to use the electromagnetic steel sheet having a thin sheet thickness from the viewpoint of power generation.
The size of the magnetostrictive element for power generation differs depending on the size of the magnetostrictive power generation device provided with the magnetostrictive element for power generation, and therefore the size of the electromagnetic steel sheet layer forming the magnetostrictive portion in the magnetostrictive element for power generation of the present invention is not particularly limited. The larger the size of the electromagnetic steel sheet layer, the more turns the coil has in the power generation device, and the larger the voltage can be obtained, which is preferable. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet layer forming the magnetostrictive portion is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.2mm or more and 10mm or less. If the thickness of the magnetostrictive portion is 0.2mm or more, the change in magnetic flux can be increased, and therefore the generated voltage can be increased, which is advantageous, and if it is 10mm or less, the design of rigidity suitable for vibration becomes easy, which is advantageous.
When the electromagnetic steel sheet layer includes two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, the electromagnetic steel sheets are joined to each other via the brazing filler metal portion. The solder portion is a joint portion made of solder, and details thereof are related to layer composition of the laminate, which will be described later.
The laminate forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation of the invention may further comprise at least one elastic material layer. In the magnetostrictive element of the present invention, the elastic material layer functions as a stress control portion. The "stress control portion" in the magnetostrictive element of the present invention is a portion for controlling stress to realize one of compression and tension of the magnetostrictive portion as a whole when bending strain or the like is applied to the magnetostrictive element. The material forming the stress control portion is not particularly limited as long as it is an elastic material capable of achieving the above object, and any of a nonmagnetic material and a magnetic material can be used.
If the elastic material functioning as the stress control portion is made of a non-magnetic material, the magnetic field passes preferentially only through the magnetostrictive portion of the magnetostrictive element, and thus the bias magnetic field of the magnetostrictive portion is preferably easily adjusted. Further, when bending strain is applied to the magnetostrictive element in which the magnetostrictive portion is formed of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and the stress control portion is formed of a non-magnetic material, a larger change in magnetic flux density occurs than in other combinations. It is considered that this is because, in the case of using a magnetic material as the elastic material, magnetic interaction may occur between the elastic material and the electromagnetic steel plate, and switching between the 90 ° magnetic domain and the 180 ° magnetic domain may be hindered in some cases, but in the case of using a non-magnetic material as the elastic material, since such magnetic interaction does not occur, switching between the 90 ° magnetic domain and the 180 ° magnetic domain of the electromagnetic steel plate easily occurs.
As the elastic material which is a nonmagnetic material, there can be mentioned: fiber reinforced plastics (for example, glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP)), austenitic stainless steels (for example, SUS304 and SUS 316), copper alloys (for example, brass and phosphor bronze), aluminum alloys (for example, duraaluminum), titanium alloys (for example, ti-6 Al-4V), and the like, but are not limited thereto. Among them, fiber reinforced plastics and austenitic stainless steel are preferable in terms of having a high young's modulus and easily locating the neutral plane when bending strain is applied outside the magnetostrictive portion.
If a magnetic material is used as the elastic material, it is effective for cost reduction. When the magnetostrictive portion of the magnetostrictive element is a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet or a non-grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and the elastic material functioning as the stress control portion is a steel sheet of a magnetic material, the bias magnetic field passes through both the magnetostrictive portion and the stress control portion when the bias magnetic field is applied. However, since the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet or the non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet forming the magnetostrictive portion is originally a high-permeability material, it is considered that more bias magnetic field passes through the magnetostrictive portion, and thus a magnetic domain change sufficient for power generation is generated. However, compared to the case where the stress control portion is made of a non-magnetic material, the magnetic force applied to the magnetostrictive portion is reduced in accordance with the magnetic flux passing through the stress control portion made of a magnetic material. To compensate for the decrease in magnetic force, the strength of the magnet provided in the magnetostrictive power generation device may be increased.
As the elastic material which is a magnetic material, there can be mentioned: the rolled steel material for general structure (for example: SS 400), carbon steel for general structure (for example: S45C), high strength steel (for example: HT 80), ferritic stainless steel (for example: SUS 430), martensitic stainless steel (for example: SUS 410), but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The number of elastic materials contained in the elastic material layer is not particularly limited, and may be one or two or more. Where multiple elastic materials are included, multiple pieces of the same elastic material may be included, or several different elastic materials may be included, but joined to one another. The method of bonding the elastic material in the elastic material layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include: bonding with an adhesive or an adhesive sheet interposed therebetween, solder bonding, liquid phase diffusion bonding, or the like.
The size of the elastic material layer functioning as the stress control portion is not particularly limited, but is desirably the same as or larger than the electromagnetic steel sheet layer from the viewpoint of achieving one of compression and tension of the entire electromagnetic steel sheet layer forming the magnetostrictive portion. The thickness of the elastic material layer functioning as the stress control portion is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.02mm to 50mm, preferably 0.1mm to 10mm, more preferably 0.2mm to 5 mm. If the thickness of the elastic material layer is 0.02mm or more, it is advantageous in that one of compression and extension is applied to the entire magnetostrictive portion, and if it is 50mm or less, the interference with the vibration of the magnetostrictive element can be suppressed.
As described above, the laminate forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation of the invention has the electromagnetic steel sheet layer containing at least one electromagnetic steel sheet, and, optionally, further has at least one elastic material layer. The number of the electromagnetic steel sheet layers and the elastic material layers is not limited, and the following means may be mentioned: a laminate composed of only electromagnetic steel sheet layers, a laminate having one electromagnetic steel sheet layer and one elastic material layer each, a laminate having a plurality of electromagnetic steel sheet layers and one elastic material layer, and a laminate having a plurality of electromagnetic steel sheet layers and a plurality of elastic material layers. As a laminate for forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation of the present invention, various layer configurations are conceivable, but in either case, at least one of the following conditions a and B must be satisfied.
Condition a: at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer comprises more than two electromagnetic steel sheets, and the more than two electromagnetic steel sheets are mutually jointed through a brazing filler metal part; and
condition B: the laminate further comprises at least one elastic material layer to which the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer is bonded via a solder portion.
The brazing filler metal portion present between the electromagnetic steel sheet and/or between the electromagnetic steel sheet layer and the elastic material layer is a joint portion made of a metal brazing filler metal that can be joined to the electromagnetic steel sheet.
When two or more electromagnetic steel sheets are included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer forming the laminate of the magnetostrictive element for power generation of the invention, the laminate satisfies condition a. Specifically, the plurality of electromagnetic steel plates included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer are joined to each other via the brazing filler metal portion. When a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates are joined to each other via a brazing filler metal portion, the brazing filler metal portion (a joint portion made of brazing filler metal between the electromagnetic steel plates) suppresses a decrease in strain applied to the entire laminate when the magnetostrictive power generating device is operated and bending strain due to vibration is applied to the laminate. Further, by suppressing the decrease in the strain, the decrease in the power generation amount of the magnetostrictive element for power generation can be suppressed.
In addition, since the solder constituting the solder portion has a higher bonding strength than the resin-based adhesive and is less susceptible to environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays and humidity, the durability of the magnetostrictive element can be improved.
In the case where the laminate forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation of the invention satisfies the above condition a and includes the elastic material layer, the joining method of the electromagnetic steel sheet layer and the elastic material layer is not particularly limited. The elastic material layer may be bonded by a general bonding method, for example, bonding by sandwiching an adhesive or an adhesive sheet, liquid phase diffusion bonding, or the like, or may be bonded via a solder portion. However, when the electromagnetic steel sheet layer of the laminate of the present invention does not satisfy the condition a, for example, when it is composed of one electromagnetic steel sheet, the laminate must satisfy the condition B. That is, the electromagnetic steel sheet layer and the elastic material layer are bonded via the solder portion. By joining the electromagnetic steel plates via the brazing filler metal portion, it is possible to suppress a decrease in strain applied to the entire laminate, suppress a decrease in power generation amount, and improve the durability of the magnetostrictive power generation device.
The laminate forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation according to the present invention may satisfy both the condition a and the condition B. From the viewpoint of strength of the laminate or durability of the device, it is preferable that all layers included in the laminate are bonded via the solder portion.
As an example of the laminated structure of the laminated body satisfying at least one of the above-described conditions a and B, the following structures (1) to (8) are given, but are not limited thereto. In the following structure, the portion denoted as "adhesive portion" for convenience may be modified to a joint portion formed by a bonding means other than an adhesive and a solder.
(1) Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/electromagnetic steel sheet
(2) Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal part/elastic material
(3) Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal part/electromagnetic steel sheet/adhesive part/elastic material
(4) Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/elastic material
(5) Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/elastic material
(6) Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal part/elastic material/brazing filler metal part/electromagnetic steel sheet
(7) Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/electromagnetic steel sheet/adhesive portion/elastic material/adhesive portion/electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/electromagnetic steel sheet
(8) Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/elastic material/brazing filler metal portion/electromagnetic steel sheet
The laminate of the structure (1) has a electromagnetic steel sheet layer including two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, and only satisfies the condition a.
The laminate of the structure (2) has an electromagnetic steel sheet layer composed of only one electromagnetic steel sheet, has an elastic material layer, and satisfies only the condition B.
The laminate of the structure (3) has an electromagnetic steel sheet layer containing two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, has an elastic material layer, and satisfies only the condition a.
The laminate of the structures (4) and (5) has an electromagnetic steel sheet layer containing two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, has an elastic material layer, and satisfies the conditions a and B.
The laminate of the structure (6) has a plurality of electromagnetic steel sheet layers made of one electromagnetic steel sheet, and has an elastic material layer, and only satisfies the condition B.
The laminate of the structure (7) has a plurality of electromagnetic steel sheet layers including two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, has an elastic material layer, and satisfies only the condition a.
The laminate of the structure (8) has a plurality of electromagnetic steel sheet layers including two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, and has an elastic material layer, and satisfies the conditions a and B.
In the laminate satisfying the above condition a and/or condition B, the brazing filler metal constituting the brazing filler metal portion existing between two or more electromagnetic steel sheets or between the electromagnetic steel sheet layer and the elastic material layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a brazing filler metal capable of forming a metal bond with the electromagnetic steel sheets, and examples thereof include: a wide variety of solders such as silver solder, copper solder, nickel solder, iron solder, gold solder, aluminum solder, and titanium solder. Among the various solders, a solder portion composed of a solder containing nickel (Ni) as a main element (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "Ni-based solder") or a solder containing iron (Fe) as a main element (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "Fe-based solder") is preferable in the present invention.
In the present invention, the solder portion made of Ni-based solder preferably contains Ni as a main element and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, si, fe, B, P, C, cu and Mo. Examples of the solder capable of forming such a solder portion include: a solder having a composition of BNi-1, BNi-1A, BNi-2, BNi-3, BNi-4, BNi-5, BNi-6, BNi-7, etc. described in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z3265. It is considered that a brazing filler metal containing Ni as a main element is used for brazing a metal and a metal, and as described above, the brazing filler metal is not suitable for brazing an electromagnetic steel sheet commercially available in a state where an oxide-based coating film is attached. However, the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly formed a strong bond when joining electromagnetic steel sheets using a brazing filler metal containing Ni as a main element and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, si, fe, B, P, C, cu and Mo. The reason for this is not yet established, but it has been found that a strong metal bond is formed between the electromagnetic steel sheet and the brazing filler metal, that is, a region where Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet and Ni from the brazing filler metal portion are alloyed.
The alloyed region can be confirmed by elemental analysis of the cross section of the magnetostrictive element for power generation in the thickness direction. The method of elemental analysis of the cross section of the magnetostrictive element for power generation is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (sometimes simply referred to as "SEM-EDS") equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS) or by a line analysis of an Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA). In the present invention, the determination and measurement of the alloyed region were performed by the cross-sectional elemental analysis of the magnetostrictive power generating element of SEM-EDS. As an example of an SEM-EDS device, JSM-7000F manufactured by JEOL corporation (EDS is JED-2300) may be mentioned.
As an example of the elemental analysis results of SEM-EDS, the analysis results of the magnetostrictive element for power generation fabricated in example 14 of the present application are shown in fig. 9. In fig. 9, the concentration distribution of Fe is high in the electromagnetic steel sheet and very low in the center of the brazing filler metal portion. On the other hand, the concentration distribution of Ni is high in the brazing filler metal portion and very low in the central portion of the electromagnetic steel sheet. This is because the Ni-based brazing filler metal used contains only a small amount (3 mass%) of Fe and the electromagnetic steel sheet does not contain Ni.
The concentration of Fe and Ni can be determined by performing point analysis of EDS at a plurality of locations on the analysis line of fig. 9 and quantifying the composition of the locations. In fig. 9, the portion where Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet is alloyed with Ni from the Ni-based brazing filler metal portion is indicated by a circle.
In addition, in the region where Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet and Ni from the Ni-based brazing filler metal portion are alloyed, there is a region where the Fe concentration is higher than that of the brazing filler metal used on the brazing filler metal portion side. In this case, the increase in the Fe concentration on the brazing filler metal portion side is caused by the diffusion of Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet side to the brazing filler metal portion, and 0.2 mass% or more of Fe diffuses into the brazing filler metal portion, and the diffused Fe and Ni of the brazing filler metal portion are alloyed with each other, which is preferable. Therefore, a region having an Fe concentration of [ the Fe concentration contained in the brazing filler metal used ] +0.2 mass% or more becomes a region where Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet and Ni from the brazing filler metal portion are alloyed. The amount of Fe diffused from the electromagnetic steel sheet side to the brazing filler metal portion is more preferably 0.5 mass% or more. It is considered that the more the diffusion amount, the more the alloyed region increases, and the stronger the bond is formed.
Similarly, a region having a higher Ni concentration than that contained in the electromagnetic steel sheet exists on the electromagnetic steel sheet side. The increase in Ni concentration on the electromagnetic steel sheet side is due to Ni diffusion from the brazing filler metal portion side to the electromagnetic steel sheet, and it is preferable that 0.2 mass% or more of Ni diffuses into the electromagnetic steel sheet and the diffused Ni and Fe of the electromagnetic steel sheet are alloyed with each other. Therefore, on the side of the electromagnetic steel sheet, a region having a Ni concentration of [ Ni concentration of the electromagnetic steel sheet used ] +0.2 mass% or more becomes a region where Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet and Ni from the brazing filler metal portion are alloyed. The Ni amount diffused from the solder portion side to the electromagnetic steel sheet is more preferably 0.5 mass% or more. It is considered that the more the diffusion amount, the more the alloyed region increases, and the stronger the bond is formed.
In the present invention, the width L of the alloyed region is preferably 2 μm or more. If the width L is 2 μm or more, it is sufficient to exhibit high bonding strength. The larger the width L is, the higher the bonding strength is, and thus more preferably 4 μm or more. The width L of the alloyed region can be obtained by performing EDS point analysis at a plurality of points on the contact surface between the electromagnetic steel sheet and the Ni-based brazing filler metal portion to quantify the elemental composition, and determining the alloyed region (i.e., a region where the Fe concentration on the brazing filler metal portion side is [ the Fe concentration contained in the brazing filler metal used ] +0.2 mass% or more, and a region where the Ni concentration on the electromagnetic steel sheet side is [ the Ni concentration of the electromagnetic steel sheet used ] +0.2 mass% or more) based on the obtained Fe concentration and Ni concentration. Based on the concentration distribution of each of Fe and Ni, a region of at least 2 μm including a portion having a concentration of Fe close to that of Ni was selected from the inside of the contact surface, and the elemental composition of the selected region was quantified, whereby it was also confirmed whether or not the width L of the alloyed region was at least 2 μm.
When the alloyed region exists on both the electromagnetic steel sheet side and the Ni-based brazing filler metal portion side, the alloyed region on the Ni-based brazing filler metal portion side is continuous with the alloyed region on the electromagnetic steel sheet side, and the sum of the width L1 of the alloyed region on the Ni-based brazing filler metal portion side and the width L2 of the alloyed region on the electromagnetic steel sheet side is 2 μm or more, which is sufficient to exhibit high bonding strength. Further, the width L1 and the width L2 are each preferably 1 μm or more, and more preferably 2 μm or more. This is because the larger the widths L1 and L2 are, the higher the bonding strength is. Since the brazing filler metal is in a liquid phase during brazing, fe of the electromagnetic steel sheet tends to diffuse into the liquid phase brazing filler metal portion, and thus the width L1 tends to be wider than the width L2.
In the magnetostrictive element for power generation according to the present invention, when there is a contact surface between a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates and a brazing material portion formed of a Ni-based brazing material, it is preferable to form an alloyed region in at least one of the contact surfaces. More preferably, the alloyed region is formed over 70% or more of the entire contact surface, and most preferably, the alloyed region is formed in all of the contact surface.
In addition, since the brazing material containing Ni as a main element is also excellent in corrosion resistance, it contributes to durability of the magnetostrictive power generation device.
In the present invention, the brazing filler metal portion made of an Fe-based brazing filler metal preferably contains Fe as a main element, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, ni, si, B, P, C, cu and Mo, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Mg oxide, cr oxide and Si oxide. As the brazing filler metal capable of forming such a brazing filler metal portion, a brazing filler metal such as a fe—cr—ni—si—p—mo system, a fe—ni—b—c system, or a fe—b—si system can be used. Examples of specific compositions are as follows.
Fe-20％Cr-30％Ni-5.0％Si-8.0％P-2.0％Mo
Fe-20％Cr-20％Ni-5.0％Si-8.0％P-2.0％Mo
Fe-20％Cr-15％Ni-5.0％Si-8.0％P-2.0％Mo
Fe-32％Ni-13％B-1.0％C
Fe-14％B-2.5％Si-1.0％C-1.2％P
The inventors of the present invention surprisingly formed strong bonds when joining electromagnetic steel sheets using the brazing filler metal described above, which contains Fe as a main element. The reason for this is not yet established, but it is considered as follows. Generally, the Fe content of the electromagnetic steel sheet is higher than that of the brazing filler metal. When the Fe concentration distribution in the thickness direction of the sheet in the joining section is measured by the elemental analysis described above after joining the electromagnetic steel sheet and the Fe-based filler metal by the brazing heat treatment, the Fe concentration distribution continuously changes from the electromagnetic steel sheet to the Fe-based filler metal in the vicinity of the joining interface. When the Fe concentration is continuously changed in this way, fe of the electromagnetic steel sheet and Fe of the brazing filler metal are mixed together at the joint portion, and sufficient joint strength is obtained.
Preferably, the solder portion of the Ni-based solder and the Fe-based solder, respectively, using the solder preferred in the present invention, further contains at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Mg oxide, cr oxide, and Si oxide. These oxides are derived from oxide films existing on the surfaces of the electromagnetic steel sheets, and are peeled off by the brazing filler metal and enter the brazing filler metal. It is considered that the oxide enters the brazing filler metal from the oxide film of the electromagnetic steel sheet, and thereby a strong metal bond is formed between the electromagnetic steel sheet and the brazing filler metal. One of Mg oxide, cr oxide, and Si oxide may be contained, but two or three may be contained. These oxides are less deformable than metals. Therefore, the magnetostrictive element including the solder portion containing the oxide is less likely to deform when bending strain due to vibration is applied, as compared with the magnetostrictive element including the solder portion containing no oxide. As a result, strain between the laminate layers is further suppressed, and the power generation amount is improved. The oxide may be present alone or as a composite oxide containing at least one kind of oxide in the solder portion.
The shape of the oxide in the solder portion is preferably a block shape. If the bulk oxide exists in the solder portion, deformation of the solder portion is less likely to occur. The method for confirming the presence of the bulk oxide in the solder portion is not particularly limited, and the laminate may be vertically cut on the plate surface, and the solder portion of the cross section thereof may be observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) or the like. In this case, the maximum diameter of the oxide present in the observation field can be measured as the size of the bulk oxide. The bulk oxide preferably has a size of 90 μm or less, more preferably 70 μm or less. If the size of the bulk oxide is 90 μm or less, the oxide and the mother phase of the filler metal are not liable to be peeled off, and thus it is preferable. The oxide size when measured in the thickness direction of the laminate is preferably 95% or less, more preferably 70% or less of the thickness of the solder portion. The size of the oxide is preferably 95% or less of the thickness of the solder portion, since the oxide is less likely to separate from the solder matrix.
Further, the brazing filler metal may contain Cu or Mo in order to improve the strength of the brazing filler metal itself.
In the case where the magnetostrictive element has a plurality of solder portions, the plurality of solder portions may be formed of the same solder, or solder portions formed of different solders may be mixed.
The thickness of the brazing material portion is not particularly limited as long as the electromagnetic steel sheets are joined, but is preferably 5 to 100 μm. If the thickness of the brazing filler metal portion is less than 5 μm, the metal bond between the brazing filler metal and the electromagnetic steel sheet may be insufficient. In particular, when the electromagnetic steel sheet has an oxide film on the surface thereof, if the thickness of the solder portion is less than 5 μm, the effect of peeling the oxide film from the electromagnetic steel sheet into the solder is reduced, and the metallic bond between the solder and the electromagnetic steel sheet becomes insufficient, and the bonding strength is reduced. Even if the thickness of the solder portion exceeds 100 μm, no greater effect is found with respect to the strength or durability of the joint.
In addition, voids may be present in the solder portion at 50% or less by volume. The voids have a strain-relieving effect, and if the voids are 50% or less by volume, the durability is further improved. Even when the volume ratio of the pores is 0%, no problem arises in terms of durability. In addition, although the voids in the solder portion cause relaxation of strain between the laminate layers, if the voids are 50% or less by volume, the influence on the power generation amount can be suppressed to a minimum. It is considered that this is because the interlayer volume ratio exceeding 50% is occupied by the metal-based high-rigidity brazing filler metal and is firmly bonded to the electromagnetic steel sheet.
A method of manufacturing the magnetostrictive element will be briefly described.
First, only the portion bonded with the brazing filler metal was produced. The electromagnetic steel sheet (and the elastic material) is cut into a predetermined size, and the number of electromagnetic steel sheets (and the elastic material) to be used is prepared. Next, the electromagnetic steel plates (and the elastic material) are laminated while sandwiching the brazing filler metal in a desired number and order. For example, a foil-shaped solder having a plate thickness of about 25 μm to 75 μm or a powder solder having a particle diameter of 150 μm or less can be used as the solder. In the case of using a foil-shaped solder, the solder is also cut into the same size as the electromagnetic steel sheet (and the elastic material) and laminated with the electromagnetic steel sheet (and the elastic material). In the case of using the powder solder, the powder solder is coated on the electromagnetic steel sheet and/or the elastic material to laminate. The electromagnetic steel sheet, the elastic material, and the brazing filler metal can be laminated in this order to produce an electromagnetic steel sheet layer including two or more electromagnetic steel sheets. Further, a laminate including a electromagnetic steel sheet layer and an elastic material layer can be produced by laminating electromagnetic steel sheets, solder, and an elastic material.
For brazing, the above-mentioned materials which are overlapped are subjected to heat treatment. The heat treatment may be performed on one laminate, but may be performed in a state where a plurality of laminates are stacked. For example, the heat treatment may be performed in a state where a plurality of stacked body of electromagnetic steel sheets, brazing filler metal, and electromagnetic steel sheets are stacked in this order, or in a state where a plurality of stacked body of electromagnetic steel sheets, brazing filler metal, and elastic material are stacked. Since the surface of the electromagnetic steel sheet has an oxide film, even if the heat treatment for brazing is performed in a state where the electromagnetic steel sheets are in contact with each other or the electromagnetic steel sheet is in contact with the magnetic material, the laminate after brazing can be easily separated after the treatment. However, in order to facilitate separation, the surfaces of the electromagnetic steel sheets may be overlapped after a release agent is spread thereon.
The heat treatment for brazing is performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar or in vacuum using a furnace capable of heating, and is preferably performed in vacuum. The brazing temperature varies depending on the brazing filler metal used, but is preferably a temperature within +70℃. The improvement in strength and durability of the soldered portion was not observed even when the soldering temperature exceeded the melting point +70℃. The heat treatment time is preferably about 5 to 120 minutes. When the number of layers of the laminate is large, the interior of the laminate may not reach a predetermined temperature even after the temperature of the furnace has risen to the predetermined temperature, and therefore, it takes time to make the temperature of the laminate uniform. Therefore, by maintaining the processing temperature for a slightly long time, for example, 120 minutes, the inside of the laminate can be uniformly heated.
In addition, when the heat treatment for brazing is performed, a load is applied to the laminate. The load of the laminate per unit area is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 0.1g/mm 2 ～5g/mm 2 . If the load is less than 0.1g/mm 2 The porosity in the solder portion exceeds 50%, and the strength of the joint is sometimes lowered, which is not preferable. Furthermore, even if more than 5g/mm is applied 2 And the load of the brazing filler metal portion is not greatly changed. For applying a load to the laminate, a hot press that can perform a treatment in vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar may be used.
A laminate in which all the layers are joined via the solder portions can be produced by the above method. When joining layers using a material other than solder, a layer having a solder portion produced by the above method and other layers (for example, a plate of an elastic material or a laminate in which a plurality of layers are joined by an adhesive or the like) are joined by a method other than brazing, for example, by an adhesive.
As an index for evaluating the performance of the magnetostrictive element, a change Δb in magnetic flux density of the element generated when external stress is applied to the magnetostrictive element can be used. ΔB (unit: mT or T) can be obtained by the following method.
The magnetostrictive element having a cross-sectional area S is inserted into the coil having the number of turns N, and an external stress is applied thereto. At this time, when a change in the magnetic flux density Δb occurs during the time Δt, a voltage of v= -N (s·Δb/Δt) is generated in the coil. Therefore, Δb can be obtained as a time integral value of the voltage signal generated in the coil. The performance index of the magnetostrictive vibration power generating element can be evaluated as the total voltage generated during Δt. That is, the change Δb of the magnetic flux density, which is the time-integrated value of the voltage, can be evaluated. The determination of Δb can be performed by connecting the voltage generated in the coil to a magnetometer.
In addition, a detailed measurement method and measurement apparatus for ΔB (unit: mT or T) will be described in the following examples.
2. Magnetostrictive power generation device
The present invention relates to a magnetostrictive power generating device including the magnetostrictive element for power generation according to the present invention and a frame coupled to the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
The magnetostrictive power generating device of the present invention may be provided with the magnetostrictive element of the present invention, that is, with a structure of a magnetostrictive element formed of a laminate including at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer, the electromagnetic steel sheet layer including at least one electromagnetic steel sheet, and the laminate satisfying at least one of the above-described conditions a and B, and is not particularly limited. Therefore, the same structure as that of a power generation device using the inverse magnetostriction effect in which a conventional magnetostrictive material (such as a FeGa alloy, a FeCo alloy, or a FeAl alloy) is used for the magnetostrictive portion can be provided.
The magnetostrictive power generating device of the present invention further comprises a frame coupled to the magnetostrictive element. In the present invention, the "frame" of the magnetostrictive power generating device is a portion that is joined to the magnetostrictive element, the weight, and the magnet, respectively, to form the main body of the magnetostrictive power generating device. In the present invention, it is preferable that the frame is continuous with the magnetostrictive element, and at least a part of the frame is formed of a laminate that forms the magnetostrictive element. This means that at least a portion of the frame adjacent to the magnetostrictive element (a portion of the coil near the coil where the coil is not wound) is integrally formed with the magnetostrictive element, and the frame as a whole is not necessarily integrally formed with the magnetostrictive element.
Next, a magnetostrictive power generation device in which at least a part of the frame is formed of a laminate of magnetostrictive elements will be described.
The magnetostrictive element in the apparatus of the present invention is an element that includes a magnetostrictive portion formed of an electromagnetic steel plate and a stress control portion formed of an elastic material and is capable of generating electric power based on inverse magnetostriction of the magnetostrictive portion (i.e., generation of a magnetic field accompanying a shape change (strain) of the magnetostrictive portion). The structure is a region where the detection coil is wound around the laminate including the magnetostrictive portion and the stress control portion and contributes to power generation. In an actual power generation facility, the adjacent portion outside the region around which the coil is wound contributes to power generation, but in the present specification, the region around which the coil is wound is defined as a magnetostrictive power generation element.
In the frame of the magnetostrictive power generation device, there is a region constituted by a laminate (i.e., a laminate including an electromagnetic steel plate and an elastic material which is optional as desired) forming the magnetostrictive element in such a manner as to protrude from both ends of the magnetostrictive element, respectively (in such a manner as to protrude from the coil). The length of the region is 50% or more of the length corresponding to the coil length, preferably 50% or more of the length corresponding to the coil length. In such a magnetostrictive power generating device, since the joint portion between the magnetostrictive element for power generation and the frame is not present in or near the magnetostrictive element, stress concentration is less likely to occur at the joint portion when a continuous bending strain is applied to the magnetostrictive element for power generation, and durability of the device is improved. Further, in order that bending strain generated by vibration of the weight is effectively transmitted to the magnetostrictive element, it is preferable that a laminate including an electromagnetic steel plate (and an elastic material) extending from the magnetostrictive element extends to a joint position of the weight for imparting bending strain to the magnetostrictive portion.
The portion of the frame formed of the laminate forming the magnetostrictive element is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 40% or more of the total length of the frame. By forming the laminated body as described above in a manner such that 20% or more of the total length of the frame is formed, the joint surface between two or more electromagnetic steel plates included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer and/or between the electromagnetic steel plates and the elastic material can be enlarged. As a result, the continuity in the members constituting the magnetic circuit is improved, and therefore the generation of the magnetic gap is reduced, and the bias magnetic field is easily adjusted by the magnet, so that the voltage can be stabilized.
In the case where only a part of the frame is constituted by a laminate in which magnetostrictive elements are formed, the material of the rest of the frame is not particularly limited, and other steel plates, elastic materials, or the like may be joined to complete the frame. However, from the viewpoint of durability of the device and ease of manufacturing, it is preferable that the entire frame is integrally formed with the electromagnetic steel sheet extending from the laminate forming the magnetostrictive element. In particular, when the laminate forming the magnetostrictive element includes the electromagnetic steel sheet layer and the elastic material layer, it is preferable that the electromagnetic steel sheet is present in a structure in which the elastic material is laminated on a part of the frame corresponding to the magnetostrictive element and the entire frame, or in a structure in which the elastic material is present on a part of the frame corresponding to the magnetostrictive element and the entire frame, and the electromagnetic steel sheet is laminated on a part of the frame corresponding to the magnetostrictive element. If a structure is employed in which an electromagnetic steel plate or an elastic material constituting the magnetostrictive element extends to the entire frame, both the magnetostrictive element and the frame can be manufactured by manufacturing a laminate including the electromagnetic steel plate and the elastic material. Therefore, the manufacturing process can be simplified. Further, it is particularly preferable that at least a part of the electromagnetic steel plate and the elastic material constituting the magnetostrictive element is extended to a fixing portion for fixing the magnetostrictive power generating device to a vibration source or the like, since the vibration efficiency from the vibration source or the like can be transmitted to the magnetostrictive element portion with good efficiency.
The frame may be entirely made of a laminate of magnetostrictive elements. In particular, when the laminate forming the magnetostrictive element includes the electromagnetic steel sheet layer and the elastic material layer, the laminate including the electromagnetic steel sheet and the elastic material continuously forms both the magnetostrictive element and the frame, and there is no joint between the magnetostrictive element and the frame, so that it is preferable from the viewpoint of durability. Further, since the continuity of the inside of the member constituting the magnetic circuit is improved, the generation of the magnetic gap is reduced, and the bias magnetic field is easily adjusted by the magnet, so that the voltage can be further stabilized.
The size of the frame including the magnetostrictive element is not particularly limited, but in general, the length of the frame including the magnetostrictive element is 30mm or more and 700mm or less, preferably 60mm or more and 500mm or less, and more preferably 120mm or more and 300mm or less. The width of the frame is generally 4mm to 70mm, preferably 6mm to 50mm, more preferably 8mm to 30 mm. The dimensions of the frame are reflected in the design in terms of the amount of power required to operate the machine.
The shape of the frame is not particularly limited, and may be a plate shape, or a shape having a curved portion such as コ, U, or V. In the present invention, since an electromagnetic steel plate having high toughness is used for the magnetostrictive element, not only a plate-like frame, a U-shaped frame having a curved portion, or the like, but also a magnetostrictive material forming the magnetostrictive element can be manufactured.
The larger the size of the magnetostrictive element for power generation in the magnetostrictive power generation device of the present invention, the larger the number of turns of the coil in the power generation device, and the larger the voltage can be obtained. Therefore, although the size of the magnetostrictive element (the length of the region around which the coil is wound) is not particularly limited, it is usually 5mm to 150mm, preferably 10mm to 100mm, more preferably 20mm to 70 mm.
The thicknesses of the electromagnetic steel sheet layer of the magnetostrictive element and the electromagnetic steel sheet layer forming the frame are not particularly limited, but are usually 0.2mm to 10 mm. If the thickness of the portion corresponding to the magnetostrictive element is 0.2mm or more, the change in magnetic flux can be increased, and therefore the generated voltage can be increased, which is advantageous, and if it is 10mm or less, the design of rigidity suitable for vibration becomes easy, which is advantageous. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet layer may be the same as or different from that of the laminate constituting the frame in the laminate forming the magnetostrictive element.
The thicknesses of the elastic material layer of the magnetostrictive element and the elastic material layer forming the frame are not particularly limited, but are usually 0.02mm to 50mm, preferably 0.1mm to 10mm, more preferably 0.2mm to 5 mm. If the thickness of the portion corresponding to the magnetostrictive element is 0.02mm or more, it is advantageous in that one of compression and extension is applied to the entire magnetostrictive portion, and if it is 50mm or less, it is possible to suppress interference with the vibration of the magnetostrictive element. The thickness of the elastic material layer may be the same as or different from that of the laminate constituting the frame in the laminate forming the magnetostrictive element.
Other configurations of the magnetostrictive power generating device of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the magnetostrictive element and the frame of the present invention are provided, and the magnetostrictive power generating device can be configured in the same manner as conventional magnetostrictive power generating devices. Specifically, in this device, a coil is filled around a magnetostrictive element, and the device includes a frame, and a weight and a magnet attached to the frame. In such a device, magnetic lines of force of the magnet pass through the magnetostrictive element, and a bias magnetic field is applied to the magnetostrictive portion. In addition, the frame vibrates due to the vibration of the weight, and a tensile force and a compressive force are applied to the magnetostrictive element. At this time, the direction in which the bending strain is applied to the magnetostrictive element and the direction in which the bias magnetic field is applied to the magnetostrictive element have a parallel relationship, and the magnetization of the magnetostrictive element is changed by the inverse magnetostriction effect, so that an induced current (or an induced voltage) can be generated in the coil.
In the case where the magnetostrictive element is formed of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, it is preferable to construct the device such that a bias magnetic field is applied in the <001> direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, since a larger voltage can be obtained.
The size or the number of magnets in the magnetostrictive power generation device is not particularly limited, and may be selected according to the structure of the device. Preferably, a permanent magnet is used to generate the bias magnetic field. This is because the permanent magnet can be miniaturized and the bias magnetic field can be easily controlled. The NdFeB magnet is preferable as the permanent magnet because a larger bias magnetic field can be generated.
Next, the basic configuration of the magnetostrictive power generation device of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 6 to 8, which are schematic views of the devices manufactured in examples 11 to 13, but the device of the present invention is not limited to these.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a magnetostrictive power generating device 200 in which the U-shaped frame is integrally formed with an elastic material extending from the stress control portion. The magnetostrictive element 210 included in the magnetostrictive power generation device 200 is composed of a laminate 220 in which an electromagnetic steel sheet layer 221 and an elastic material layer 222 (in example 11, a grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and a non-magnetic material SUS 304) are joined via a solder portion (not shown). In the magnetostrictive element 210, the electromagnetic steel sheet layer 221 serves as a magnetostrictive portion 211, the elastic material layer 222 serves as a stress control portion 212, and a detection coil 260 is mounted around the magnetostrictive element 210. The entire frame 230 is integrally formed with the elastic material layer 222 extending from the stress control portion 212, and a part (about 71%) of the frame is formed of the laminate 220. The apparatus 200 further includes a weight 240 for imparting strain to the magnetostrictive portion 211 and a magnet 250 for applying a bias magnetic field, and can be fixed to a vibration source or the like by a fixing portion 270.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a magnetostrictive power generating device 300 in which the U-shaped frame is integrally formed with an elastic material extending from the stress control portion. The magnetostrictive element 310 included in the magnetostrictive power generation device 300 is composed of a laminate 320 in which an electromagnetic steel plate layer 321 and an elastic material layer 322 (in example 12, a grain oriented electromagnetic steel plate and a magnetic material SUS 430) are joined via a brazing material portion (not shown). In the magnetostrictive element 310, the electromagnetic steel sheet layer 321 serves as a magnetostrictive portion 311, the elastic material layer 322 serves as a stress control portion 312, and the detection coil 360 is mounted around the magnetostrictive element 310. The entire frame 330 is integrally formed with the elastic material layer 322 extending from the stress control portion 312, and a part (about 71%) of the frame is formed of the laminate 320. The apparatus 300 further has a weight 340 for imparting strain to the magnetostrictive portion 311 and a magnet 350 for applying a bias magnetic field, and can be fixed to a vibration source or the like by a fixing portion 370.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a magnetostrictive power generation device 400 including a laminate having a laminate structure such as electromagnetic steel plates/solder portions/elastic materials/solder portions/electromagnetic steel plates, and a part of a U-shaped frame. The magnetostrictive element 410 included in the magnetostrictive power generation device 400 is composed of a laminate 420 having a laminated structure of electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing material portion/elastic material/brazing material portion/electromagnetic steel sheet, in which two electromagnetic steel sheet layers 421 and an elastic material layer 422 (in example 13, a grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and a non-magnetic material SUS 304) are joined via a brazing material portion (not shown). In the magnetostrictive element 410, the electromagnetic steel sheet layer 421 serves as a magnetostrictive portion 411, the elastic material layer 422 serves as a stress control portion 412, and a detection coil 460 is mounted around the magnetostrictive element 410. The apparatus 400 further has a weight 440 for imparting strain to the magnetostrictive portion 411 and a magnet 450 for applying a bias magnetic field. In addition, although most of the frame 430 of the apparatus 400 is constituted by the laminated body 420 extending from the magnetostrictive element 410, in the fixing portion 470, the electromagnetic steel sheet layer 421 on the outer side of the u-shaped frame 430 penetrates the hole opened in the elastic material layer 422, and contacts the other electromagnetic steel sheet layer 421 arranged on the inner side. The outer side of the U-shaped frame 430 is also in contact with the inner electromagnetic steel sheet layer 421 at the tip of the weight 440. By bringing the outer side into contact with the inner side of the electromagnetic steel sheet in this way, the electromagnetic steel sheet can be magnetized efficiently by the magnet. In addition, in order to facilitate the vibration of the magnetostrictive element 410 in the detection coil 460 in the device 400, a pillar 480 is provided in the U-shaped portion of the frame 430. Further, the apparatus 400 can be fixed to a vibration source or the like with a fixing portion 470, where SUS304 having the same thickness as an electromagnetic steel plate is adhered as the height adjusting plate 490.
The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples
In the following examples, "%" is "% by mass" unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Comparison of bond Strength
As the electromagnetic steel sheet, the following electromagnetic steel sheet is used: oriented electrical steel sheet 35ZH115 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.35mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive portions.
To produce a laminate (test piece) for tensile test for measuring the joint strength, two oriented electrical steel sheets 40mm long and 6.0mm wide were laminated with each other by interlacing 20mm in the longitudinal direction, and the joint portion was 20mm long and 6.0mm wide.
An amorphous foil or an active Ag solder foil (AgCuTi system, 50 μm thick) composed of BNi-2 and 25 μm thick was used as a solder for bonding. The composition of each solder is as follows.
BNi-2 composition: ni-7.0% Cr-4.5% Si-3.0% B-3.0% Fe,
active Ag solder composition: ag-28% Cu-2% Ti-5% Sn
Each solder foil was cut to a length of 20mm and a width of 6.0mm, and each of the two laminated portions of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheets was sandwiched therebetween, and subjected to a brazing process under the following conditions to obtain a laminate satisfying the condition a.
In the case of BNi-2 foil, the brazing process was carried out at 1050℃in vacuo for 10 minutes.
In the case of an active Ag solder foil, the brazing process was carried out at 1000 ℃ in vacuo for 10 minutes.
As a comparison, two oriented electrical steel sheets identical to those described above were prepared, and an epoxy-based adhesive was used instead of a solder foil, and the two oriented electrical steel sheets were bonded at room temperature to obtain a laminate (test piece).
Further, as test pieces, a piece of grain oriented electrical steel sheet 40mm long and 6.0mm wide was prepared.
The tensile test was performed on each of the test pieces prepared as described above. Specifically, both ends of the test piece were clamped, and a displacement-load curve was measured. The displacement was measured until fracture, with the speed of displacement being 1 mm/min. The results are represented in fig. 1 as displacement-load curves.
In the laminate bonded with the BNi-2 foil, the bonded portion was not broken, and the base material was broken. In addition, in the laminate of active Ag solder foil bonding, the bonding portion fracture occurred, and the fracture strength was 50N or less, which is a lower value than that of the BNi-2 foil bonded laminate. On the other hand, in the laminate bonded with the epoxy adhesive, the bonded portion is broken. The breaking strength was close to that of the base material, but was not substantially improved as compared with the BNi-2 foil. From the above results, it was found that the joining of the BNi-2 foil, in which the base material was broken, was more excellent than the adhesive joining.
Example 2
Durability of magnetostrictive element composed of electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal part (Ni-based)/electromagnetic steel plate
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 35ZH115 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.35mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive portions.
An amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 having a length of 40mm, a width of 6.0mm and a thickness of 25 μm was interposed between two sheets of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheets as a brazing filler metal, and the resultant sheet was subjected to brazing treatment at 1050℃in vacuum for 10 minutes to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying condition A of the present invention. Two sets of the magnetostrictive elements are fabricated.
In comparison, two sets of magnetostrictive elements were produced by bonding two sheets of the same grain oriented electrical steel sheet with an epoxy-based adhesive.
As shown in fig. 2, vibration is applied to each set of magnetostrictive elements fabricated. Specifically, the other free end is repeatedly vibrated up and down in a state where the one-side end portion in the longitudinal direction of the magnetostrictive element 1 is fixed by the fixing portion 2. Vibration was conducted 10 ten thousand times under the conditions of an amplitude.+ -. 1.0mm and a vibration frequency of 30 Hz.
Next, in order to measure Δb when bending strain was applied, carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) having a thickness of 0.5mm was cut into a length of 40mm and a width of 6.3mm with the carbon fiber direction as the longitudinal direction, and each of the magnetostrictive elements (before vibration and after vibration 10 ten thousand times) prepared above was bonded at room temperature using an epoxy adhesive. The resulting magnetostrictive element with CFRP was used to measure the magnetic flux density change Δb.
For measuring the magnetic flux density change Δb, a measuring unit 100 for applying bending strain to a magnetostrictive element shown in fig. 3 is used. Fig. 3 shows, as an example, a means for applying bending strain by fixing the left end portion of the magnetostrictive element 110 having the magnetostrictive portion 111 and the stress control portion 112 to the fixed support base 150 and pressing the right end portion thereof downward.
In the unit 100, a downward pressure 170 (i.e., press-in) is applied to the right-side end portion of the magnetostrictive element 110. At this time, the magnetostrictive portion 111 (magnetostrictive material) is in a state of being subjected to compressive strain, and the compressive strain increases as the moving distance 171 of the magnetostrictive portion 111 increases during pressing. The press-fitting was performed using a micrometer head, and the press-fitting depth Δh (movement distance 171) was set to 0.5mm.
In the measurement unit of fig. 3, a helmholtz coil is used as the bias magnetic field coil 120, and a magnetic field is applied to the magnetostrictive element 110 by passing a current through the coil. The magnitude of the magnetic field is adjusted by the magnitude of the dc power supply 140, and the magnitude of the magnetic field is calibrated in advance with a gaussian meter. At this time, the magnetic field applied to magnetostrictive element 110 was evaluated at 8000A/m (1000 e). The change in magnetic flux of magnetostrictive element 110 is detected by detecting coil 130 (turns: 3500 turns) as an induced voltage, and the induced voltage is measured by fluxgate 160 as a change in magnetic flux. Then, based on the following formula I, the change in magnetic flux is divided by the number of turns of the detection coil and the cross-sectional area of the magnetostrictive material, and the change Δb in magnetic flux density is obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
[ mathematics 1]
(in the above, V is the generated voltage, N is the number of turns of the coil, and S is the cross-sectional area of the magnetostrictive portion.)
The magnetic flux density change Δb obtained by this measurement method is a time-integrated value of the voltage change, and thus is independent of the speed at which the strain is applied.
TABLE 1
Structure of magnetostrictive element Reduction ratio of ΔB (T) (%)
Inventive example 1 Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal part (Ni-based)/electromagnetic steel sheet -4.7％
Comparative example 1 Electromagnetic steel sheet/adhesive part/electromagnetic steel sheet -12.5％
As is clear from the results in table 1, the magnetostrictive element of invention example 1 satisfying the condition a, in which two electromagnetic steel sheets were welded, had a smaller decrease in Δb and improved durability than the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 1, in which the two electromagnetic steel sheets were welded with an adhesive.
Example 3
The section structure of the solder part: magnetostrictive element composed of electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal part/electromagnetic steel plate
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 35ZH115 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.35mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
An amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 having a length of 40mm, a width of 6.0mm and a thickness of 50 μm was interposed between the two obtained oriented electrical steel sheets as a brazing filler metal, and the resulting sheet was subjected to brazing treatment at 1050℃in vacuum for 10 minutes to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition A (i.e., having a brazing filler metal portion between the two electrical steel sheets).
The obtained magnetostrictive element was cut in the width direction, and a cross-sectional tissue was observed by SEM-EDS (JEOL JSM-7000F). The results are shown in FIG. 4.
As is clear from fig. 4, if an electromagnetic steel sheet having an oxide film is brazed with a brazing material containing Ni as a main element, an oxide layer is not visible in its cross section. It is considered that the oxide film is peeled off by the solder and enters the solder. As a result, the electromagnetic steel sheet and the brazing filler metal form a metal bond mainly composed of Fe and Ni.
Further, it was found that bulk Mg oxide having a size of about 0.3 μm to about 63 μm, bulk Cr oxide having a size of about 0.3 μm to about 20 μm, and bulk Si oxide having a size of about 0.3 μm to about 20 μm were present when the maximum diameter of the oxide seen in the solder portion in fig. 4 was measured. In addition, there is also a composite oxide of Si oxide and Mg oxide.
Example 4
The section structure of the solder part: magnetostrictive element composed of electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal/elastic material
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 35ZH115 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.35mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.1mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
As the elastic material, a non-magnetic material SUS304 was used, and a cold-rolled sheet having a thickness of 0.5mm was used. After cutting to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.1mm, the resultant was kept in vacuum at 1050℃for 1 minute, and then subjected to solution treatment by gas quenching to eliminate the influence of cutting strain, thereby obtaining a nonmagnetic material for a stress control portion.
An amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 having a length of 40mm, a width of 6.1mm and a thickness of 38 μm was interposed between one of the above-mentioned grain-oriented electrical steel sheets and SUS304 as a brazing filler metal, and the resultant was subjected to brazing treatment at 1050℃in vacuum for 10 minutes to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition B (i.e., having a brazing filler metal portion between the electrical steel sheet and the elastic material).
The obtained magnetostrictive element was cut in the width direction, and a cross-sectional tissue was observed by SEM-EDS (JEOL JSM-7000F). The results are shown in FIG. 5.
As is clear from fig. 5, if an electromagnetic steel sheet having an oxide film is brazed with a brazing material containing Ni as a main element, an oxide layer is not visible in its cross section. It is considered that the oxide film is peeled off by the solder and enters the solder. As a result, the electromagnetic steel sheet and the brazing filler metal form a metal bond mainly composed of Fe and Ni.
Further, it was found that bulk Mg oxide having a size of about 0.3 μm to about 20 μm and bulk Cr oxide having a size of about 0.3 μm to about 20 μm were present by measuring the maximum diameter of the oxide seen in the solder portion in fig. 5. In addition, there is also a composite oxide of Si oxide and Mg oxide. In addition, SUS304 and the brazing filler metal also form a metal bond mainly composed of Fe and Ni.
Example 5
Δb of magnetostrictive element composed of grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/SUS 304
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.27mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 5.9mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
As the elastic material, a cold-rolled sheet of 0.5mm thick of a nonmagnetic material SUS304 was used. After cutting to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.3mm, the resultant was kept in vacuum at 1050℃for 1 minute, and gas quenching was performed to eliminate the influence of the cutting strain, thereby obtaining an elastic material for magnetostrictive elements.
As the solder, a 25 μm thick amorphous foil or an active Ag solder foil (AgCuTi system, 50 μm thick) composed of Ni solder BNi-2 was used. The foil was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 5.9mm, and a piece was sandwiched between the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and SUS 304. The brazing treatment was performed under the following conditions to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition B. The conditions for performing brazing are as follows.
BNi-2 solder foil: vacuum at 1050℃for 10 min
Active Ag solder foil: vacuum at 1000 ℃ for 10 minutes
As a comparative example, a magnetostrictive element was produced in which the above-described grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 and SUS304 were bonded to each other with an epoxy-based adhesive at room temperature.
Using the measuring unit 100 shown in fig. 3 for applying bending strain to the magnetostrictive element, Δb of the produced magnetostrictive element was measured in the same manner as in example 2. However, in this example, considering the period of vibration, Δb when a downward pressure 170 is applied to the right end portion of the magnetostrictive element 110 and pressed by 1mm and Δb when pulled upward by 1mm are measured, and the sum is taken as the value of Δb. The pressing-in is performed using a micrometer head. Further, since the end of the magnetostrictive element cannot be pulled up by the head of the micrometer, by setting the magnetostrictive element upside down, the right end of the magnetostrictive element 110 is pressed into the end by a downward pressure 170 of 1mm, and the same state as when the end of the magnetostrictive element 110 is pulled up is reproduced. The magnetic field applied to magnetostrictive element 110 was evaluated at 2800A/m (350 e). The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As is clear from the results of table 2, the magnetostrictive elements of invention examples 2 and 3 satisfying the condition B, in which the electromagnetic steel plate and the elastic material SUS304 were brazed, were increased in Δb by about 1.6 times and the Δb of invention example 3 was increased in 1.5 times as compared with the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 2, in which the magnetostrictive element was bonded with an adhesive. This is considered to be because, by replacing the laminate using the adhesive such as resin with the laminate using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the laminates when the bending strain is applied is suppressed, and Δb is improved.
Further, it is considered that in example 1, the joining strength of the magnetostrictive element obtained by joining two electromagnetic steel plates with the active Ag solder was 50N or less, whereas in invention example 3, in which the electromagnetic steel plates were joined with the active Ag solder for SUS304, a stronger joint was obtained than in the two electromagnetic steel plates. Therefore, it is considered that peeling is less likely to occur at the joint portion and Δb is increased as compared with adhesive bonding, at the extent that bending in the form of a cantilever beam is pressed downward by 1mm.
Example 6
Δb of magnetostrictive element composed of grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/SUS 430
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.27mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.1mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
As the elastic material, a ferrite-based stainless steel SUS430 having magnetism was used, which was 0.5mm thick. After cutting to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.5mm, the resultant was kept in vacuum at 1050℃for 1 minute, and gas quenching was performed to eliminate the influence of the cutting strain, thereby obtaining an elastic material for magnetostrictive elements.
As a solder, a 25 μm thick amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 was used. The foil was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.1mm, and a piece was sandwiched between the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and SUS 430. The brazing treatment was performed at 1050℃in vacuum for 10 minutes to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition B.
As a comparative example, the above-mentioned grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 and SUS430 were bonded with an epoxy-based adhesive at room temperature to obtain a magnetostrictive element.
Δb was measured in the same manner as in example 5, except that the applied bias magnetic field was changed to 3600A/m (450 e). The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
As is clear from the results of table 3, the magnetostrictive element of invention example 4 satisfying condition B, in which the electromagnetic steel plate and the magnetic material SUS430 as the elastic material were brazed, was increased in Δb by about 1.5 times as compared with the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 3 in which the adhesive bonding was used. This is considered to be because, by replacing the laminate using the adhesive such as resin with the laminate using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the laminates when the bending strain is applied is suppressed, and Δb is improved.
Example 7
Δb of magnetostrictive element composed of nondirectional electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal part/SUS 304
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: non-oriented electrical steel sheet 35H210 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was set to 0.35mm. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.1mm using the rolling direction of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet as the longitudinal direction, and annealed at 740℃in vacuum for 2 hours to remove the strain at the time of cutting, thereby obtaining a non-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
As the elastic material, a cold-rolled sheet of 0.5mm thick of a nonmagnetic material SUS304 was used. After cutting to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.5mm, the resultant was kept at 1050℃for 1 minute in a vacuum, and gas quenching was performed to eliminate the influence of the cutting strain, thereby obtaining an elastic material for magnetostrictive elements.
As a solder, a 25 μm thick amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 was used. The foil was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.1mm, and a piece was sandwiched between the non-oriented electrical steel sheet and SUS 304. The brazing treatment was performed at 1050℃in vacuum for 10 minutes to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition B.
As a comparative example, the above-mentioned grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 35H210 was bonded to SUS304 with an epoxy-based adhesive at room temperature to obtain a magnetostrictive element.
ΔB was measured in the same manner as in example 5, except that the applied bias magnetic field was changed to 3200A/m (400 e). The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
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As is clear from the results of table 4, the magnetostrictive element of invention example 5 satisfying condition B, in which the non-oriented electrical steel sheet and SUS304 as the elastic material were brazed, was increased in Δb by about 1.4 times as compared with the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 4 in which the adhesive bonding was used. This is considered to be because, by replacing the laminate using the adhesive such as resin with the laminate using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the laminates when the bending strain is applied is suppressed, and Δb is improved.
Example 8
Δb of magnetostrictive element composed of grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet/adhesive portion/CFRP
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 35ZH115 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.35mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to produce a grain oriented electrical steel sheet for four magnetostrictive elements.
As a solder, a 25 μm thick amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 was used. The foil was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm, and sandwiched between two pieces of grain oriented electrical steel sheets. And (3) carrying out braze welding treatment for 10 minutes at 1050 ℃ in vacuum, and carrying out braze welding on the two oriented electromagnetic steel plates to obtain the electromagnetic steel plate layer.
As the elastic material, a non-magnetic material Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) was used, which was 0.5mm thick. The carbon fiber was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.4mm in the longitudinal direction to obtain an elastic material for magnetostrictive elements.
A magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition A was obtained by bonding a magnetic steel sheet layer obtained by brazing two oriented electromagnetic steel sheets with an elastic material (CFRP) at room temperature using an epoxy adhesive.
As a comparative example, two of the above-mentioned oriented electrical steel sheets 35ZH115 were bonded with an epoxy adhesive at room temperature, and then CFRP was bonded with the epoxy adhesive at room temperature to obtain a magnetostrictive element.
Δb was measured in the same manner as in example 5, except that the press-in depth of the micrometer head was changed to 0.5mm and the applied bias magnetic field was changed to 8000A/m (1000 e). The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
As is clear from the results of table 5, the magnetostrictive element of invention example 6 satisfying the condition a but not satisfying the condition B has a Δb increased by about 1.2 times as compared with the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 5 including no solder portion. This is considered to be because, by replacing the laminate using the adhesive such as resin with the laminate using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the laminates when the bending strain is applied is suppressed, and Δb is improved.
Example 9
Δb of magnetostrictive element composed of grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/SUS 304
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 35ZH115 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.35mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
As the elastic material, a cold-rolled sheet of 0.83mm thick of a nonmagnetic material SUS304 was used. Cutting to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm, holding in vacuum at 1050 ℃ for 1 minute, and air quenching to eliminate the influence of cutting strain, thereby obtaining an elastic material for magnetostrictive elements.
An amorphous foil having a thickness of 25 μm and consisting of BNi-2 as a solder was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm. To laminate two electromagnetic steel sheets and one SUS304, electromagnetic steel sheets/brazing filler metal/SUS 304 are laminated in this order. The two pieces of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet were brazed to SUS304 by brazing treatment in vacuum at 1050 ℃ for 10 minutes, to obtain magnetostrictive elements satisfying the conditions a and B.
Δb of the obtained magnetostrictive element was measured in the same manner as in example 8. The results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
As is clear from table 6, the magnetostrictive elements of invention example 7, in which the conditions a and B were satisfied and the joints were all brazed, had a Δb increased by about 1.4 times as compared with the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 5, in which the joints were all bonded. Further, the magnetostrictive element of invention example 7 has a Δb increased by about 1.2 times as compared with the magnetostrictive element of invention example 6 having only the condition a and the elastic material layer bonded thereto. This is considered to be because, by replacing the laminate using the adhesive such as resin with the laminate using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the laminates when the bending strain is applied is suppressed, and Δb is improved.
Example 10
Δb of magnetostrictive element composed of grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/SUS 304
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.27mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
As the elastic material, a cold-rolled sheet of 0.5mm thick of a nonmagnetic material SUS304 was used. After cutting to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.3mm, the resultant was kept in vacuum at 1050℃for 1 minute, and gas quenching was performed to eliminate the influence of the cutting strain, thereby obtaining an elastic material for magnetostrictive elements.
As the solder, a 35 μm thick amorphous foil composed of BNi-1 or BNi-3 was used. The composition of the solder is as follows.
BNi-1 composition: ni-14% Cr-4.0% Si-3.5% B-4.5% Fe (mass%), melting point: 1040 DEG C
BNi-3 composition: ni-4.5% Si-3.2% B, (mass%), melting point: 1040 DEG C
Each foil was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm, and a piece was sandwiched between the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and SUS 304. The brazing treatment was carried out at 1100℃in vacuum for 10 minutes, to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition B.
The Δb of the obtained magnetostrictive element was measured in the same manner as in example 5. The results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7
As is clear from table 7, the magnetostrictive elements of invention examples 8 and 9 satisfying the condition B, in which the electromagnetic steel sheet and the elastic material SUS304 were joined by brazing, were increased in Δb by about 1.5 to 1.6 times as compared with the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 2 in which the same electromagnetic steel sheet and the elastic material adhesive were joined. This is considered to be because, by replacing the laminate using the adhesive such as resin with the laminate using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the laminates when the bending strain is applied is suppressed, and Δb is improved.
Example 11
Magnetostrictive power generating device provided with magnetostrictive element composed of grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal (Ni-based)/SUS 304
In example 11, a magnetostrictive power generation device 200 having the structure shown in fig. 6 was produced using a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet as the electrical steel sheet layer 221 and SUS304 as the elastic material layer 222.
As the electromagnetic steel sheet layer 221, the following electromagnetic steel sheet is used: oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 of japan iron corporation with a coating. The thickness was 0.27mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 100mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. This was bent into a U-shape as shown in fig. 6 to adjust the shape. The length of the lower part corresponding to the fixing part 270 is set to about 40mm, and the length of the upper part where the detecting coil 260 and the weight 240 are attached is set to about 40mm.
After bending the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet into a U shape, the sheet was annealed at 800 ℃ in vacuum for 2 hours in order to remove the strain.
As the elastic material layer 222, a non-magnetic material SUS304 was used, which was 0.5mm thick and 6.0mm wide. In order to integrate with the U-shaped electromagnetic steel plate, the steel plate was cut to a length of 140mm, and formed into a U-shape to adjust the shape.
After SUS304 formed into a U-shape was held in vacuum at 1050℃for 1 minute, solution treatment by gas quenching was performed to eliminate the influence of cutting strain.
As a solder, a 35 μm thick amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 was used. The foil was cut to a length of 100mm and a width of 6.0mm, and a piece of the foil was sandwiched between a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet bent in a U-shape and SUS304 at the position of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, and the foil was fixed without dislocation. The laminate was subjected to brazing at 1050 ℃ for 10 minutes in vacuum to obtain an integral structure in which a part (100 mm/140 mm=about 71%) of the frame was constituted by the laminate 220 and the elastic material layer 222 extending from the stress control portion 212 of the magnetostrictive element 210 was integrally constituted with the whole of the frame 230.
In comparison, an integral structure was produced in which a U-shaped oriented electrical steel sheet having the same dimensions as described above was bonded to SUS304 at room temperature using an epoxy adhesive.
The 5000 turns of the detection coil 260 are placed in the portion of the obtained integrated structure corresponding to the magnetostrictive element. The length of the coil was 15mm. Next, 7g of tungsten weight 240 was adhesively secured to the side of magnetostrictive element 210. NdFeB magnet 250 is attached to the electromagnetic steel plate side of the lower fixing portion of the U shape, and magnetostrictive power generation device 200 is obtained in which the entire frame and magnetostrictive element are integrally formed.
The ac voltage induced in the detection coil of the magnetostrictive power generation device 200 was captured by a digital oscilloscope, and the voltage was measured. The performance of the magnetostrictive power generation device was evaluated by the peak voltage of the measured voltage waveform. Specifically, the fixing portion 270 on the lower side of the U-shape of the magnetostrictive power generation device is fixed to the vibrator with an adhesive. Then, a bias magnetic field was applied to the NdFeB magnet. The strength (size) of the magnet was changed, and a magnet having the highest peak voltage was used.
The strength of the magnetic field applied to the magnetostrictive element was estimated to be about 2800A/m (350 e) in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
The vibrator was vibrated at 0.5G, the frequency was changed, and the peak voltage at the resonance frequency was measured with an oscilloscope.
The measured resonance frequency was 105Hz in the brazed joint and 97Hz in the bonded joint. The peak voltages are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8
Structure of magnetostrictive element Peak voltage (mV)
Inventive example 10 Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion (Ni system)/SUS 304 1360
Comparative example 6 Electromagnetic steel sheet/adhesive portion/SUS 304 972
As is clear from table 8, the peak voltage of the apparatus of invention example 10 including the magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition B (i.e., the electromagnetic steel plate and the elastic material SUS304 were soldered) was increased to about 1.4 times as compared with the apparatus of comparative example 6 including the magnetostrictive element in which the electromagnetic steel plate and the elastic material adhesive were bonded. It is considered that this is because, by replacing the lamination using the adhesive such as resin with the lamination using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the lamination, which occurs when the bending strain is applied, is suppressed and the peak voltage is increased.
Example 12
Magnetostrictive power generating device provided with magnetostrictive element composed of grain-oriented electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal portion/SUS 430
In example 12, a magnetostrictive power generating device 300 having the structure shown in fig. 7 was produced using a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet as the electrical steel sheet layer 321 and a magnetic material SUS430 as the elastic material layer 322.
As the electromagnetic steel sheet layer 321, the following electromagnetic steel sheet is used: oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 of japan iron corporation with a coating. The thickness was 0.27mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 100mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. This was bent into a U-shape as shown in fig. 7 to adjust the shape. The length of the lower part corresponding to the fixing part 370 is set to about 40mm, and the length of the upper part where the detecting coil 360 and the weight 340 are attached is set to about 40mm.
After bending the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet into a U shape, the sheet was annealed at 800 ℃ in vacuum for 2 hours in order to remove the strain.
As the elastic material layer 322, a magnetic material SUS430 was used, which was 0.5mm thick and 6.0mm wide. In order to integrate with the U-shaped electromagnetic steel plate, the steel plate was cut to a length of 140mm, and formed into a U-shape to adjust the shape.
After SUS430 formed into a U-shape was held in vacuum at 1050℃for 1 minute, solution treatment by gas quenching was performed to eliminate the influence of cutting strain.
As a solder, a 35 μm thick amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 was used. The foil was cut to a length of 100mm and a width of 6.0mm, and a piece of the foil was sandwiched between a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet bent in a U-shape and SUS430 at the position of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, and the foil was fixed without dislocation. The laminate was subjected to brazing at 1050 c for 10 minutes in vacuum to obtain an integral structure in which a part (100 mm/140 mm=about 71%) of the frame was constituted by the laminate 320 and the elastic material layer 322 extending from the stress control portion 312 of the magnetostrictive element 310 was integrally constituted with the whole of the frame 330.
In comparison, an integral structure was produced in which a U-shaped oriented electrical steel sheet having the same dimensions as described above was bonded to SUS430 at room temperature using an epoxy adhesive.
The 5000 turns of the detection coil 360 are placed in the portion of the obtained integrated structure corresponding to the magnetostrictive element. The length of the coil was 15mm. Next, 7g of tungsten weight 340 was adhesively secured next to magnetostrictive element 310. NdFeB magnets 350 are attached to the electromagnetic steel plate side of the lower fixing portion of the U shape, and magnetostrictive power generation device 300 is obtained in which the entire frame and magnetostrictive elements are integrally formed.
The voltage of the magnetostrictive power generation device 300 was measured in the same manner as in example 11, and the performance of the magnetostrictive power generation device was evaluated from the peak voltage of the measured voltage waveform.
The strength of the magnetic field applied to the magnetostrictive element was estimated to be approximately 3600A/m (450 e) in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
The measured resonance frequency was 109Hz in the brazed joint and 101Hz in the bonded joint. The peak voltages are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9
Structure of magnetostrictive element Peak voltage (mV)
Inventive example 11 Electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal portion/SUS 430 1245
Comparative example 7 Electromagnetic steel sheet/adhesive portion/SUS 430 958
As is clear from table 9, the peak voltage of the apparatus of invention example 11 having the magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition B (i.e., the electromagnetic steel sheet and the elastic material SUS430 were soldered) was increased to about 1.3 times as compared with the apparatus of comparative example 7 in which the electromagnetic steel sheet and the elastic material adhesive were bonded. It is considered that this is because, by replacing the lamination using the adhesive such as resin with the lamination using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the lamination, which occurs when the bending strain is applied, is suppressed and the peak voltage is increased.
Example 13
Magnetostrictive power generating device provided with magnetostrictive element composed of electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal portion/SUS 304/brazing filler metal portion/electromagnetic steel plate
In example 13, a magnetostrictive power generation device 400 having the structure shown in fig. 8 was produced using a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet as the electrical steel sheet layer 421 and SUS304 as the elastic material layer 422.
As the electromagnetic steel sheet layer 421, the following electromagnetic steel sheet is used: oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 of japan iron corporation with a coating. The thickness was 0.27mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. A steel sheet having a length of 120mm and a width of 6.0mm and a steel sheet having a length of 125mm and a width of 6.0mm are cut in a longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with a <001> direction. This was bent into a U-shape as shown in fig. 8 to adjust the shape. The length of the lower portion corresponding to the fixing portion 470 is set to about 80mm, and the length of the upper portion where the detecting coil 460 and the weight 440 are attached is set to about 50mm.
After bending the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet into a U shape, the sheet was annealed at 800 ℃ in vacuum for 2 hours in order to remove the strain.
As the elastic material layer 422, a non-magnetic material SUS304 is used. The thickness was set to 0.5mm, the length was set to about 140mm, the width of the portion excluding the fixing portion 470 was set to 6.0mm, the width of the portion including the fixing portion 470 was set to 12mm, and a hole through which the oriented electromagnetic steel sheet 421 passes was formed in a part of the fixing portion 470.
As shown in fig. 8, a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is disposed on both sides of SUS304. In the fixing portion, the magnetostrictive material on the outer side penetrates the hole formed in SUS304 and contacts the electromagnetic steel plate disposed on the inner side. The outer side is also brought into contact with the inner side electromagnetic steel plate at the front end of the side where the weight 440 is disposed. By bringing the outer side into contact with the inner side of the electromagnetic steel sheet in this way, the electromagnetic steel sheet can be magnetized efficiently by the magnet. In the fixing portion, SUS304 having the same thickness as the electromagnetic steel plate is adhered as the height adjusting plate 490.
After SUS304 formed into a U-shape was held in vacuum at 1050℃for 1 minute, solution treatment by gas quenching was performed to eliminate the influence of cutting strain.
As a solder, a 35 μm thick amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 was used, and the foil was cut to a length of 100mm and a width of 6.0mm. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheets bent in a U-shape and the grain-oriented electrical steel sheets bent in a U-shape are fixed so as not to be displaced by sandwiching a brazing filler metal between the grain-oriented electrical steel sheets and the elastic material (SUS 304). The laminate 420 was manufactured by brazing at 1050 ℃ for 10 minutes in vacuum, and an integral structure was obtained in which a part of the frame (100 mm/140 mm=about 71%) was constituted by the laminate 420 and the elastic material layer 422 extending from the stress control portion 412 of the magnetostrictive element 410 was integrally constituted with the whole of the frame 430. Then, a block of SUS304 was attached to the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet as a pillar 480 using an epoxy adhesive.
In comparison, an integral structure was produced in which a U-shaped oriented electrical steel sheet having the same dimensions as described above was bonded to SUS304 at room temperature using an epoxy adhesive.
The 5000 turns of the coil 460 for detection is placed in the portion of the obtained integrated structure corresponding to the magnetostrictive element. The length of the coil was 15mm. Next, 7g of tungsten weight 440 was adhesively secured to the side of magnetostrictive element 410. NdFeB magnets 450 are attached to the electromagnetic steel plate side of the fixing portion on the lower side of the U shape, and magnetostrictive power generation device 400 is obtained in which the entire frame and magnetostrictive elements are integrally formed.
The voltage of the magnetostrictive power generation device 400 was measured in the same manner as in example 11, and the performance of the magnetostrictive power generation device was evaluated from the peak voltage of the measured voltage waveform.
The strength of the magnetic field applied to the magnetostrictive element was estimated to be about 2800A/m (350 e) in each of the inner and outer grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
The measured resonance frequency was 221Hz in the braze joint and 205Hz in the adhesive joint. The peak voltages are shown in table 10.
TABLE 10
Structure of magnetostrictive element Peak voltage (mV)
Inventive example 12 Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion/SUS 304/brazing filler metal portion/electromagnetic steel sheet 1283
Comparative example 8 Electromagnetic steel sheet/adhesive part/SUS 304/adhesive part/electromagnetic steel sheet 987
As is clear from table 10, the peak voltage of the apparatus of invention example 12 including the magnetostrictive element having two electromagnetic steel sheet layers and satisfying the condition B (i.e., brazing the electromagnetic steel sheet and the elastic material SUS 304) was increased to about 1.3 times as high as that of the apparatus of comparative example 8 including the magnetostrictive element having the electromagnetic steel sheet and the elastic material adhesive bonded. It is considered that this is because, by replacing the lamination using the adhesive such as resin with the lamination using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the lamination, which occurs when the bending strain is applied, is suppressed and the peak voltage is increased.
Example 14
The section structure of the solder part: magnetostrictive element composed of electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal part/electromagnetic steel plate
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 35ZH115 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.35mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
An amorphous foil composed of BNi-2 as a Ni solder was interposed between the two obtained oriented electrical steel sheets as a solder, and the resultant sheet was subjected to brazing treatment at 1050℃under vacuum for 60 minutes to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying condition A (i.e., having a solder portion between the two electrical steel sheets). The composition of the solder is as follows.
BNi-2 composition: ni-7.0% Cr-4.5% Si-3.0% B-3.0% Fe
The obtained magnetostrictive element was cut in the width direction, and the cross-sectional structure was subjected to elemental analysis in the lamination thickness direction by SEM-EDS (JEOL JSM-7000F). The sectional structure and the results of elemental analysis thereof are shown in fig. 9.
Elemental analysis was performed on the analysis line shown in fig. 9. The concentration distribution of Fe is high in the electromagnetic steel sheet and very low in the center of the brazing filler metal portion. On the other hand, the concentration distribution of Ni is high in the solder portion and very low in the central portion of the electromagnetic steel sheet. However, in the contact surface between the electromagnetic steel sheet and the brazing filler metal portion and the vicinity thereof, which are indicated by circles in the drawing, there is a region where Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet and Ni from the Ni-based brazing filler metal portion are alloyed. The composition of the points was quantified by performing EDS point analysis at a plurality of points on the analysis line shown in fig. 9, and the concentrations of Fe and Ni were obtained. In fig. 9, the Fe concentration is about 64 mass% from the contact surface position of the left electromagnetic steel sheet and the Ni-based brazing filler metal to the brazing filler metal portion side of 1 μm, which is the Fe concentration of [ the brazing filler metal used: 3 mass% ] +0.2 mass% or more. Further, the Ni concentration was about 1.1 mass% at a position 1 μm from the contact surface position of the electromagnetic steel sheet and the Ni-based filler metal toward the electromagnetic steel sheet side, which is [ the Ni concentration of the electromagnetic steel sheet used: 0 mass% ] +0.2 mass% or more. Therefore, at the contact surface between the electromagnetic steel sheet and the Ni-based brazing filler metal portion, there are regions where alloying occurs with a width of 1 μm or more, that is, regions where Fe and Ni are alloyed with a total of 2 μm or more, on both the electromagnetic steel sheet side and the brazing filler metal portion side, respectively.
Example 15
Δb of magnetostrictive element composed of grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion (Fe system)/SUS 304
As the magnetostrictive material, the following electromagnetic steel sheet was used: oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 manufactured by japan iron corporation, with a coating. The thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet was 0.27mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.0mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. To remove the strain at the time of cutting, the steel sheet was annealed at 800℃in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for magnetostrictive elements.
As the elastic material, a cold-rolled sheet of 0.5mm thick of a nonmagnetic material SUS304 was used. Cutting to a length of 40mm and a width of 6.3mm, holding in vacuum at 1050 ℃ for 1 minute, and air quenching to eliminate the influence of cutting strain, thereby obtaining an elastic material for magnetostrictive elements.
As the brazing filler metal, a powdered Fe brazing filler metal having the following composition was used. The powder size was 150 μm or less, and the composition of the brazing filler metal was as follows.
Fe-based brazing filler metal composition: fe-20% Cr-20% Ni-5.0% Si-8.0% P-2.0% Mo
After a powdered brazing filler metal was mixed with an organic binder and applied to one surface of SUS304, an electromagnetic steel sheet was superimposed on the applied surface, and a brazing treatment was performed in vacuum at 1100 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a magnetostrictive element satisfying condition B. The thickness of the solder was 23 μm. The organic binder is volatilized and removed during the temperature rise of the brazing.
Δb of the magnetostrictive element produced was measured in the same manner as in example 5. The results are shown in table 11 together with the measurement results of the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 2 using the adhesive instead of the brazing filler metal, which was produced in example 5.
TABLE 11
As is clear from the results of table 11, the magnetostrictive element of invention example 13 satisfying condition B, in which the electromagnetic steel plate and the elastic material SUS304 were brazed, was increased in Δb by about 1.5 times as compared with the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 2, in which the adhesive was used. This is considered to be because, by replacing the laminate using the adhesive such as resin with the laminate using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the laminates when the bending strain is applied is suppressed, and Δb is improved.
Example 16
Magnetostrictive power generating device provided with magnetostrictive element composed of electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal part (Fe system)/SUS 304
A magnetostrictive power generating device having the same structure as the magnetostrictive power generating device 200 shown in fig. 6 was produced in the same manner as in example 11. However, the Ni-based brazing filler metal used in example 11 was changed to the same Fe-based brazing filler metal used in example 15. As in example 11, a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was used as the electrical steel sheet layer 221 and SUS304 was used as the elastic material layer 222, except that the filler metal was changed.
As the electromagnetic steel sheet layer 221, the following electromagnetic steel sheet is used: oriented electrical steel sheet 27ZH100 of japan iron corporation with a coating. The thickness was 0.27mm, and the crystal orientation was {110} <001> GOSS texture. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was cut to a length of 100mm and a width of 6.1mm in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the <001> direction. This was bent into a U-shape as shown in fig. 6 to adjust the shape. The length of the lower part corresponding to the fixing part 270 is set to about 40mm, and the length of the upper part where the detecting coil 260 and the weight 240 are attached is set to about 40mm.
After bending the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet into a U shape, the sheet was annealed at 800 ℃ in vacuum for 2 hours in order to remove the strain.
As the elastic material layer 222, a non-magnetic material SUS304 was used, which was 0.5mm thick and 6.1mm wide. In order to integrate with the U-shaped electromagnetic steel plate, the steel plate was cut to a length of 140mm, and formed into a U-shape to adjust the shape.
After SUS304 formed into a U-shape was held in vacuum at 1050℃for 1 minute, solution treatment by gas quenching was performed to eliminate the influence of cutting strain.
As the filler metal, the same Fe-based filler metal mixed with the organic binder as in example 15 was used. Solder is applied between the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet bent in a U-shape and SUS304, and the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is fixed so as not to be displaced. The laminate was subjected to brazing at 1100 c in vacuum for 30 minutes to obtain an integral structure of invention example 14 in which a part (100 mm/140 mm=about 71%) of the frame was constituted by the laminate 220 and the elastic material layer 222 extending from the stress control portion 212 of the magnetostrictive element 210 was integrally constituted with the whole of the frame 230. The thickness of the solder was 33 μm. The organic binder is volatilized and removed during the temperature rise of the brazing.
The peak voltage of the magnetostrictive element of the obtained integrated structure was measured in the same manner as in example 11. The results are shown in table 12 together with the measurement results of the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 6 using the adhesive instead of the brazing filler metal, which was produced in example 11. The measured resonance frequency was 107Hz.
TABLE 12
Structure of magnetostrictive element Peak voltage (mV)
Inventive example 14 Electromagnetic steel sheet/brazing filler metal portion (Fe system)/SUS 304 1340
Comparative example 6 Electromagnetic steel sheet/adhesive portion/SUS 304 972
As is clear from table 12, the peak voltage of the apparatus of invention example 14 having the magnetostrictive element satisfying the condition B (i.e., the electromagnetic steel plate and the elastic material SUS304 were soldered) was increased to about 1.4 times as compared with the apparatus of comparative example 6 having the magnetostrictive element obtained by bonding the electromagnetic steel plate and the elastic material adhesive. It is considered that this is because, by replacing the lamination using the adhesive such as resin with the lamination using the solder having a large young's modulus, the relaxation of the strain between the lamination, which occurs when the bending strain is applied, is suppressed and the peak voltage is increased.
Example 17
Joint strength of Fe-based brazing filler metal
A laminate (test piece) for a tensile test for measuring the bonding strength was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the brazing filler metal was changed to the Fe-based brazing filler metal used in example 15.
As the brazing filler metal, a powdered Fe brazing filler metal having the following composition was used.
Fe-based brazing filler metal composition: fe-20% Cr-20% Ni-5.0% Si-8.0% P-2.0% Mo
After a powdered brazing filler metal was mixed with an organic binder and applied to one surface of one electromagnetic steel sheet, the other electromagnetic steel sheet was superimposed on the applied surface, and a brazing treatment was performed in vacuum at 1100 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a laminate satisfying the condition a. The thickness of the solder was 26. Mu.m. The organic binder is volatilized and removed during the temperature rise of the brazing.
The obtained test piece was subjected to a tensile test in the same manner as in example 1, and as a result, the joined portion was not broken, and breakage occurred in the base material.
Example 18
Durability of magnetostrictive element composed of electromagnetic steel plate/brazing filler metal part (Fe system)/electromagnetic steel plate
A laminate for measuring durability was produced in the same manner as in example 2, except that the brazing filler metal was changed to the Fe-based brazing filler metal used in example 15.
As the brazing filler metal, a powdered Fe brazing filler metal having the following composition was used.
Fe-based brazing filler metal composition: fe-20% Cr-20% Ni-5.0% Si-8.0% P-2.0% Mo
After a powdered brazing filler metal was mixed with an organic binder and applied to one surface of one electromagnetic steel sheet, the other electromagnetic steel sheet was superimposed on the applied surface, and a brazing treatment was performed in vacuum at 1100 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a laminate satisfying the condition a. The thickness of the solder was 25 μm. The organic binder is volatilized and removed during the temperature rise of the brazing.
The Δb reduction rate after the endurance test was measured in the same manner as in example 2. The results are shown in table 13 together with the measurement results of the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 1 using the adhesive instead of the brazing filler metal, which was produced in example 2.
TABLE 13
As is clear from the results of table 13, the magnetostrictive element of invention example 15 satisfying condition a, in which two electromagnetic steel sheets were brazed with Fe-based brazing filler metal, showed less decrease in Δb and improved durability compared with the magnetostrictive element of comparative example 1, in which two electromagnetic steel sheets were joined with an adhesive.
Industrial applicability
According to the present invention, there are provided a magnetostrictive element for power generation and a magnetostrictive power generation device, which can realize high durability while achieving a magnetostrictive power generation equivalent to or exceeding that of the conventional technology, although at a lower cost than a FeGa alloy, a FeCo alloy, and a FeAl alloy used as a magnetostrictive material for the magnetostrictive element for power generation. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to the present invention is lower in cost than conventional magnetostrictive elements, and can realize a power generation amount equivalent to or exceeding that of conventional magnetostrictive elements, and therefore is useful not only as a power source for wireless sensor modules in IoT and the like, but also as a power source for various devices.
The present application claims priority based on japanese patent application publication nos. 2020-202619 and 2021, 6 and 17, which are filed on 7, 12 months in 2020. The contents of the specification of this application are incorporated by reference into the specification of this application in their entirety.
Description of the reference numerals
1 magnetostrictive element
2 fixing part
Unit for measuring 100 magnetic flux density change DeltaB
110 magnetostriction element
111 magnetostrictive portion
112 stress control section
120 coil for bias magnetic field
130 coil for detection
140 DC power supply
150 fixed support table
160 magnetic flux meter
170 pressure of
Distance of 171 movement
200. 300, 400 magnetostriction power generation device
210. 310, 410 magnetostriction element for power generation
211. 311, 411 magnetostriction part (electromagnetic steel plate layer)
212. 312, 412 stress control portion (elastic material layer)
220. 320, 420 laminate
221. 321, 421 electromagnetic steel sheet layer
222. 322, 422 layer of elastomeric material
230. 330, 430 frame
240. 340, 440 weight
250. 350, 450 magnet
260. 360, 460 detecting coil
270. 370, 470 fixing part
480 support column
490 height adjusting plate

Claims (17)

1. A magnetostrictive element for power generation is formed of a laminate including at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer, wherein,
The electromagnetic steel sheet layer comprises at least one electromagnetic steel sheet,
the laminate satisfies at least one of the following conditions a and B,
condition a: the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer includes two or more electromagnetic steel sheets, and the two or more electromagnetic steel sheets are joined to each other via a brazing filler metal portion; and
condition B: the laminate further includes at least one elastic material layer on which the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer is bonded via a solder portion.
2. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to claim 1, wherein the laminate satisfies only the condition a.
3. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to claim 2, wherein the laminate further comprises at least one elastic material layer bonded to the electromagnetic steel sheet layer.
4. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to claim 1, wherein the laminate satisfies the condition a and the condition B.
5. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to claim 1, wherein the at least one electromagnetic steel sheet layer is composed of one electromagnetic steel sheet,
the laminate satisfies only the condition B.
6. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein at least one of the electromagnetic steel plates included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer is a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel plate.
7. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein at least one of the electromagnetic steel plates included in the electromagnetic steel sheet layer is a non-oriented electromagnetic steel plate.
8. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the elastic material layer is composed of a non-magnetic material.
9. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the solder portion contains Ni as a main element, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, si, fe, B, P, C, cu and Mo, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Mg oxide, cr oxide, and Si oxide.
10. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to claim 9, wherein, in at least one of the contact surfaces of the electromagnetic steel sheet and the brazing filler metal portion that are present in the magnetostrictive element for power generation, there is a region in which Fe from the electromagnetic steel sheet and Ni from the brazing filler metal portion are alloyed,
in the elemental analysis of the cross section in the thickness direction of the magnetostrictive element for power generation, the alloying region is present at a width of 2 μm or more.
11. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the solder portion contains Fe as a main element, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, ni, si, B, P, C, cu and Mo, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Mg oxide, cr oxide, and Si oxide.
12. The magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of claims 9-11, wherein the at least one oxide has a block shape in the solder portion.
13. A magnetostrictive power generation device is provided with:
the magnetostrictive element for power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 12; and
and a frame coupled to the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
14. The magnetostrictive power generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the magnetostrictive element for power generation is continuous with the frame, and at least a part of the frame is constituted by a laminate forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
15. The magnetostrictive power generating apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the entire frame is integrally formed with an electromagnetic steel plate extending from a laminate forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
16. The magnetostrictive power generating apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the laminated body comprises an elastic material, and the entirety of the frame is integrally formed with the elastic material extending from the laminated body forming the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
17. The magnetostrictive power generating apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the entire frame is integrally formed with the magnetostrictive element for power generation.
CN202180081976.4A 2020-12-07 2021-12-02 Magnetostrictive element for power generation and magnetostrictive power generation device Pending CN116569279A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2020-202619 2020-12-07
JP2021101012A JP2022090601A (en) 2020-12-07 2021-06-17 Magnetostriction element for power generation and magnetostriction power generation device
JP2021-101012 2021-06-17
PCT/JP2021/044214 WO2022124185A1 (en) 2020-12-07 2021-12-02 Power-generating magnetostrictive element and magnetostrictive power generation device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116569279A true CN116569279A (en) 2023-08-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202180081976.4A Pending CN116569279A (en) 2020-12-07 2021-12-02 Magnetostrictive element for power generation and magnetostrictive power generation device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116569279A (en)

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