CN116566517A - Data transmission rate self-adaptive matching method for low-orbit communication satellite - Google Patents
Data transmission rate self-adaptive matching method for low-orbit communication satellite Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of low-orbit satellite communication, and particularly relates to a data transmission rate self-adaptive matching method for a low-orbit communication satellite, which comprises the following steps: periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of a link by a user terminal, and estimating channel quality information according to the counted signal-to-noise ratio; predicting the signal to noise ratio while periodically counting the signal to noise ratio of the link to obtain predicted channel quality information; calculating weight factors according to the time delays, respectively dynamically distributing weights to channel quality information based on statistics and prediction estimation, and correcting the channel quality information; and the user side returns the corrected channel quality information to the low-orbit satellite, and the low-orbit satellite adaptively selects a specified rate to transmit data according to the channel quality information. The invention corrects the channel quality information by taking the time delay as a measure of whether the channel quality information is invalid, reduces the influence of the invalid channel quality information, improves the response capability to the change of the environmental condition and improves the accuracy of self-adaptive adjustment of the data sending rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low-orbit satellite communication, and particularly relates to a data transmission rate self-adaptive matching method for a low-orbit communication satellite.
Background
The low orbit satellite and the user end are in communication process and can face various interferences, such as the most common meteorological factor interference: rainfall, snowfall, and cloud thickening all have the potential to cause channel quality degradation, and besides various interferences, the channel quality between a user terminal such as an aircraft and a low-orbit satellite which remain mobile can be degraded along with the mutual movement of the two, which not only causes data packet loss but also degrades the data transmission throughput rate performance. The high transmission rate can transmit more data in unit time, but the anti-interference capability is poor, and in a wireless channel with poor state, the high transmission rate is more likely to generate packet loss, so that data retransmission is caused, and the throughput rate of a system is affected; the low transmission rate has strong anti-interference capability, but if the low transmission rate is adopted in a wireless channel with better state, precious satellite link resources are wasted. The aim of wireless communication between the low-orbit satellite communication and the terminal is to transmit as much data correctly as possible in a limited time, and in order to optimize the throughput rate of the low-orbit satellite communication and improve the transmission stability, the optimal transmission rate needs to be selected adaptively according to different channel conditions.
The self-adaptive data transmission rate is determined by the link quality, and the best balance is found between the data transmission rate and the packet loss rate, so as to maximize the transmission throughput on the premise of ensuring the communication quality. If the channel quality is good, selecting a higher rate, and reducing the anti-interference capability of the signal at the moment, but improving the throughput of the system; when the channel quality is poor, the data is sent at a lower rate, so that the cost of data transmission time is increased, the anti-interference capability is improved, the retransmission is reduced, the throughput rate of low-orbit satellite communication is optimized, and the purposes of balancing the reliability and the data effectiveness of the low-orbit satellite communication are achieved.
The core of realizing the low orbit satellite rate self-adaption is to select accurate channel state information as a measurement standard for describing the quality of a wireless link, wherein the selected measurement physical quantity generally comprises an error rate, a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal strength and the like. The channel state information that can be fed back in time is a precondition for low-orbit satellite rate adaptation. According to the difference of the rate self-adaption implementation principle, the rate self-adaption implementation method is divided into two types, namely a closed loop type and an open loop type. In general, in an open loop type self-adaptive mechanism, a method for transmitting information by counting packets at a receiving end and a transmitting end is adopted, and the number of successful or failed packets is taken as a judgment basis to select a rate. The method only needs to count the information of whether the data transmission is successful or not at the transmitting end, the user end does not need to participate, but at the same time, the statistical information has certain hysteresis, is insensitive to the change of the channel quality, and is not suitable for the scene of rapid change of the channel; in the closed-loop type self-adaptive mechanism, the receiving party obtains the channel state by directly measuring the channel state information, the receiving party selects the transmission rate and feeds back the result to the sending party, the sending party timely adjusts the sending rate by the feedback information returned by the receiving party, and the closed-loop type self-adaptive mechanism not only needs the participation of the sending terminal, but also the participation of the user terminal, thereby being applicable to the network with the rapid change of the channel state. In the communication system formed by the low-orbit communication satellite and the user terminal, if the user terminal is an airplane, the channel quality of the airplane and the low-orbit communication satellite can be changed along with the common weather interference influence and the continuous change of the high-speed dynamic motion and the flying attitude of the airplane, the signal-to-noise ratio information of the channel between the airplane and the low-orbit communication satellite can be utilized for carrying out closed-loop estimation on the channel quality, the estimation on the system channel quality can be completed, and the self-adaptive adjustment of the transmission rate can be completed according to the channel quality.
The prior art has the following problems: in a data transmission system formed by a low-orbit communication satellite and a user terminal, the problems of low utilization rate of system resources and data packet loss can be caused by adopting fixed-rate transmission in the process of channel quality change.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a data transmission rate self-adaptive matching method for a low-orbit communication satellite, which comprises the following steps:
periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of a link by a user side, and carrying out weighted average processing on the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the current period and the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the previous period to obtain statistical signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality;
predicting the signal-to-noise ratio while periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of the link to obtain predicted signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality;
taking the hardware time stamp of the low orbit satellite and the user terminal as a measurement, and carrying out periodic time delay measurement to obtain high-precision time delay information between the satellite and the user terminal;
calculating a weight factor by taking the time delay information as a measure of whether the channel quality information is invalid or not, respectively dynamically distributing weights to statistical signal-to-noise ratio information for representing the channel quality and predictive signal-to-noise ratio information for representing the channel quality, acquiring corrected channel quality information, and finishing the assessment of the channel quality;
and the user side returns the corrected channel quality information to the low-orbit satellite, and the low-orbit satellite sends data according to the self-adaptive appointed rate of the channel quality information.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention takes the time delay as the measure of whether the channel quality information is invalid, and calculates the weight factor according to the time delayThe method comprises the steps of respectively dynamically distributing weights to channel quality information based on statistics and prediction estimation, obtaining corrected channel quality information, reducing the influence of failure of the channel quality information, improving the response capability to environmental condition change and improving the accuracy of self-adaptive adjustment of the data transmission rate;
after the user terminal finishes the acquisition of the channel quality information, the invention returns the channel quality information to the low-orbit satellite in a closed loop mode (the user terminal is utilized to sense the channel state, the user terminal carries out channel state estimation, the result is fed back to the sender, and the sender finishes the self-adaptive matching of the data transmission rate according to the channel quality information), and the low-orbit satellite finishes the self-adaptive matching of the data transmission rate according to the channel quality information, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of the link and reducing the loss of data packets.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a low-orbit communication satellite-oriented data transmission rate adaptive matching method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A data transmission rate self-adaptive matching method facing to a low-orbit communication satellite is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of a link by a user side, and carrying out weighted average processing on the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the current period and the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the previous period to obtain statistical signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality;
predicting the signal-to-noise ratio while periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of the link to obtain predicted signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality;
taking the hardware time stamp of the low orbit satellite and the user terminal as a measurement, and carrying out periodic time delay measurement to obtain high-precision time delay information between the satellite and the user terminal;
calculating a weight factor by taking the time delay information as a measure of whether the channel quality information is invalid or not, respectively dynamically distributing weights to statistical signal-to-noise ratio information for representing the channel quality and predictive signal-to-noise ratio information for representing the channel quality, acquiring corrected channel quality information, and finishing the assessment of the channel quality;
and the user side returns the corrected channel quality information to the low-orbit satellite, and the low-orbit satellite sends data according to the self-adaptive appointed rate of the channel quality information.
As shown in fig. 2, in an application scenario of a satellite and a space-based, sea-based, or land-based user terminal, the satellite performs signal transmission with the space-based, sea-based, or land-based user terminal.
101. Periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of a link by a user terminal, and estimating the channel quality between a satellite and the user terminal;
the user side periodically counts the signal-to-noise ratio of the link, and estimates the channel quality information according to the counted signal-to-noise ratio after weighting the signal-to-noise ratio information of the current statistics and the last statistics.
In an actual environment, the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely easy to be influenced by a communication environment, the weight average of the signal-to-noise ratio information counted by the current period and the previous period is calculated, and the problem that the actual communication state of a channel cannot be accurately reflected only by taking the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the current period is avoided.
1) The signal-to-noise ratio estimation method comprises the following steps:
the satellite communication environment is complex, so that the signal to noise ratio is estimated by using a pilot signal, firstly, pilot frequency is inserted into a signal to be transmitted of a low orbit satellite, and a user side extracts the pilot frequency and calculates the position of the pilot signal in a frame to obtain the channel state of the pilot frequency position. However, the phase offset caused by the doppler shift between the satellite and the client side affects the signal-to-noise ratio estimation deviation caused by the extraction of the pilot signal at the receiving end, and the receiving end corrects the phase offset of the received signal by the correction formula:
wherein ,representing the received signal after the user side corrects the phase offset,representing the signal of the kth group,representing the active information signal transmitted by the low-orbit satellite,representing the units of an imaginary number,representing the inverse cosine function of the sign,representing an index the function of the function is that,the representation takes the real part of the operation,representing an operation of taking the imaginary part,representing the pilot signal transmitted by the low-orbit satellite,representing the pilot signal received at the user side,representing the conjugate of the pilot signal received at the user terminal.
wherein ,representing the signal-to-noise ratio of the link,representing the gaussian white noise bandwidth of the signal as it is transmitted between the satellite and the user,representing the power spectral density of the signal as it is transmitted between the satellite and the user,which represents the power of the received signal,a logarithmic function is represented and is used to represent,representing the fading amplitude。
2) And carrying out weighted average processing on the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the current period and the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the previous period to obtain statistical signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality:
wherein ,representing statistical signal-to-noise ratio information used to characterize the channel quality,representing the time interval between two adjacent statistics,representing a linearly decreasing function,representing the signal-to-noise ratio of the last period statistic,representing the signal to noise ratio of the current period statistic.
102. The user estimates the channel quality between the satellite and the user by adopting a time sequence prediction mode for signal-to-noise ratio;
the problem that the channel quality information of the low-orbit satellite and the user side is invalid due to the fact that the link delay is increased caused by serious channel quality deterioration is avoided, the signal to noise ratio of the link is periodically counted, meanwhile, the signal to noise ratio is predicted, and the channel quality information is estimated according to the predicted signal to noise ratio.
And predicting the signal-to-noise ratio difference value of two statistical periods before and after the future by using the signal-to-noise ratio difference value of the current period and the previous period through the LSTM model, and restoring the predicted signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality according to the predicted signal-to-noise ratio difference value.
Signal-to-noise ratio difference between current period and last period:
wherein ,representing the signal to noise ratio difference between the current cycle and the previous cycle,representing the signal-to-noise ratio of the last period statistic,representing the signal to noise ratio of the current period statistic.
Restoring the predicted signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality according to the predicted signal-to-noise ratio difference value, comprising:
wherein ,representing predicted signal-to-noise ratio information used to characterize channel quality,representing the predicted signal-to-noise ratio difference,signal to noise ratio information representing the previous cycle prediction.
And taking the known signal-to-noise ratio information as an LSTM data set to perform LSTM model training, and predicting the future difference signal-to-noise ratio by using the current difference signal-to-noise ratio after the training is completed. Avoiding prediction bias in continuous prediction by offline single training through online prediction: assuming that the LSTM model is trained once to predict the difference signal-to-noise ratio information of Q time units in the future, the known difference signal-to-noise ratio information of K time units is required to be counted as a data set, the time consumed by the training model is T, and the prediction starting time is 0; firstly, at the moment 0 to K, calculating known difference signal-to-noise ratio information of K time units as a data set to perform model training, wherein the time spent on training a model is T; after the first model is established, predicting the signal-to-noise ratio information of Q time units from K+T time units; and then counting the known difference signal-to-noise ratio information of the next K time units to form a data set while training the first model, establishing a new model by using the newly counted K data sets, after finishing signal-to-noise ratio prediction by the first model, finishing the establishment of the new model, and using the new model to replace the old model to predict the difference signal-to-noise ratio information of the next Q time units, and sequentially and circularly reciprocating, thereby reducing the deviation of a prediction result.
103. Calculating the link delay between the satellite and the user terminal, and calculating the final channel quality between the satellite and the user terminal by taking the link delay as a weight factor;
taking the hardware time stamp of the low-orbit communication satellite and the user terminal as a measurement, and performing periodic bidirectional time delay measurement to obtain high-precision time delay informationThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Taking the time delay as a measure of whether the channel quality information is invalid, and calculating a weight factor according to the time delayAnd respectively dynamically distributing weights to the statistical signal-to-noise ratio information for representing the channel quality and the predicted signal-to-noise ratio information for representing the channel quality, and acquiring corrected channel quality information to complete the assessment of the channel quality.
The final estimated channel quality information calculation formula is:
wherein ,indicating the corrected channel quality information,representing statistical signal-to-noise ratio information used to characterize the channel quality,representing predicted signal-to-noise ratio information used to characterize channel quality,representing the weight factor.
1) Weight factor:
wherein ,the weight factor is represented by a weight factor,representing the delay estimation error of the current period,，representing the delay estimate difference for the last cycle,representing high precision time delay information between the satellite and the user at the current period,representing the maximum value of the delay estimation errors.
2) Link delay:
wherein ,representing high precision time delay information between the satellite and the user at the current period,andindicating the time stamps of the low orbit satellite and the user side when the delay measurement request is transmitted,andindicating the time stamps of the low orbit satellite and the user terminal when the response message is sent and received respectively.
104. And the user side feeds the channel quality information back to the satellite, and the satellite completes self-adaptive matching of the data transmission rate according to the channel quality.
The channel quality information determines the rate selection of data transmission, the user side returns the channel quality information to the low orbit satellite after finishing the channel quality evaluation between the satellite and the user side, and the low orbit satellite transmits the lowest bit error rate according to the corresponding relation between the channel quality information and the code modulation when the channel quality information meets the reliability of the communication systemUnder the condition of (1), selecting a matched modulation coding mode to specify the speed for transmission, and completing the self-adaptive adjustment of the data transmission speed.
Regarding the signal-to-noise ratio judgment threshold of rate switching, calculating the judgment threshold according to the signal-to-noise ratio information of the modulation coding mode under the condition of meeting the lowest bit error rate: different modulation coding modes (BPSK, QPSK, QAM, etc.) are satisfying the lowest bit error rateThe corresponding lowest signal-to-noise ratio is taken as the decision threshold, i.e. whenLess than the lowest bit error rateWhen the corresponding minimumAs a decision threshold.
The bit error rate calculation includes:
wherein ,indicating the bit error rate of the bit in the bit stream,representing the sequence numbers of different modulation coding modes,indicating the number of erroneous bits that are present,which represents the total number of bits that are to be counted,representing the overall signal to noise ratio information.
The modulation coding mode is a modulation and demodulation mode adopted by the signal in the transmission process, and different modulation coding modes influence the data transmission rate through different coding rates. Minimum bit error rate of channel quality information in meeting reliability transmission of communication systemUnder the condition of selecting a higher-order modulation coding mode as much as possible, improving the speed while ensuring the reliability as much as possible, and selecting a speed selection formula:
wherein ,representing the sequence numbers of different modulation coding modes,indicating the rate level selected based on the channel quality information,representing the overall signal-to-noise ratio information,indicating the spectral efficiency corresponding to the modulation coding mode,indicating the number of erroneous bits that are present,which represents the total number of bits that are to be counted,indicating the bit error rate and, at the same time,less than the lowest bit error rate。
And switching to the matched modulation coding mode to specify the rate for transmission to complete rate adaptation every time the feedback channel quality information of the low-orbit satellite reaches a corresponding decision threshold.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The data transmission rate self-adaptive matching method for the low-orbit communication satellite is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of a link by a user side, and carrying out weighted average processing on the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the current period and the signal-to-noise ratio counted by the previous period to obtain statistical signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality;
predicting the signal-to-noise ratio while periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of the link to obtain predicted signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality;
taking the hardware time stamp of the low orbit satellite and the user terminal as a measurement, and carrying out periodic time delay measurement to obtain high-precision time delay information between the satellite and the user terminal;
calculating a weight factor by taking the time delay information as a measure of whether the channel quality information is invalid or not, respectively dynamically distributing weights to statistical signal-to-noise ratio information for representing the channel quality and predictive signal-to-noise ratio information for representing the channel quality, acquiring corrected channel quality information, and finishing the assessment of the channel quality;
and the user side returns the corrected channel quality information to the low-orbit satellite, and the low-orbit satellite sends data according to the self-adaptive appointed rate of the channel quality information.
2. The method for adaptively matching a data transmission rate of a low-orbit communication satellite according to claim 1, wherein the statistics of the signal-to-noise ratio of the link comprises:
estimating signal-to-noise ratio using pilot signals in a satellite communication environment: the method comprises the steps of inserting pilot frequency into a signal to be transmitted of a low-orbit satellite, receiving a signal inserted with the pilot frequency by a receiving end, correcting phase deviation of the received signal, extracting the pilot frequency according to the signal after phase correction, calculating the position of the pilot frequency signal in a frame, and obtaining the channel state of the position of the pilot frequency to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio of a link.
3. The method for adaptive matching of data transmission rates to low-orbit communication satellites according to claim 2, wherein correcting the phase offset of the received signal comprises:
wherein ,indicating the received signal after the user side has corrected the phase offset,/->Represents the kth group signal,/>Effective information signal representing low orbit satellite transmission, < >>Representing imaginary units, ++>Representing an inverse cosine function, +.>Representing an exponential function>Representing the operation of taking the real part,/->Representing the operation of taking the imaginary part, < >>Representing the pilot signal transmitted by the low-orbit satellite,indicating pilot signal received by the user terminal, +.>Representing the conjugate of the pilot signal received at the user terminal.
4. The method for adaptively matching a data transmission rate of a low-orbit communication satellite according to claim 2, wherein the steps of extracting a pilot frequency and calculating a position of a pilot signal in a frame, and obtaining a channel state of the pilot frequency position to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio of a link comprise:
wherein ,representing the signal-to-noise ratio of the link,/-, for>A Gaussian white noise bandwidth representing the signal when transmitted between the satellite and the user, < >>Representing the power spectral density of the signal when it is transmitted between the satellite and the user, < >>Representing the power of the received signal, +.>Represents the amplitude of the fade, < >>Representing a logarithmic function.
5. The method for adaptively matching a data transmission rate of a low-orbit communication satellite according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing weighted average processing on the signal-to-noise ratio counted in the current period and the signal-to-noise ratio counted in the previous period to obtain statistical signal-to-noise ratio information for characterizing the channel quality comprises the steps of:
wherein ,representing statistical signal-to-noise ratio information for characterizing the channel quality, < >>Time interval representing two adjacent statistics, +.>Representing a linear decreasing function>Signal-to-noise ratio indicative of last period statistics, +.>Representing the signal to noise ratio of the current period statistic.
6. The method for adaptive matching of data transmission rates for low-orbit communication satellites according to claim 1, wherein predicting the signal-to-noise ratio while periodically counting the signal-to-noise ratio of the link to obtain predicted signal-to-noise ratio information for characterizing the channel quality comprises:
and predicting the signal-to-noise ratio difference value of two statistical periods before and after the future by using the signal-to-noise ratio difference value of the current period and the previous period through the LSTM model, and restoring the predicted signal-to-noise ratio information used for representing the channel quality according to the predicted signal-to-noise ratio difference value.
7. The method for adaptive matching of data transmission rates for low-orbit communication satellites according to claim 6 wherein recovering predicted snr information for characterizing channel quality based on the predicted snr difference comprises:
wherein ,representing predicted signal-to-noise ratio information for characterizing channel quality,/->Representing the predicted signal-to-noise ratio difference,/->Signal to noise ratio information representing the previous cycle prediction.
8. The method for adaptively matching a data transmission rate of a low-orbit communication satellite according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining high-precision time delay information between the satellite and the user terminal by performing periodic time delay measurement with a hardware time stamp of the low-orbit satellite and the user terminal as a measure comprises the steps of:
wherein ,high-precision delay information between satellite and user in current period> and />Time stamps respectively representing the low orbit satellite and the user when the delay measurement request is transmitted, +.> and />Indicating the time stamps of the low orbit satellite and the user terminal when the response message is sent and received respectively.
9. The method for adaptive matching of data transmission rates for low-orbit communication satellites according to claim 1, wherein calculating the weight factor using the delay information as a measure of whether the channel quality information is invalid comprises:
wherein ,representing the weight factor->Delay estimation error representing the current period, +.>，Delay estimate difference representing last period, +.>High-precision delay information between satellite and user in current period>Representing the maximum value of the delay estimation errors.
10. The method for adaptive matching of data transmission rates of low-orbit communication satellites according to claim 1, wherein dynamically assigning weights to the statistical signal-to-noise ratio information for characterizing channel quality and the predicted signal-to-noise ratio information for characterizing channel quality, respectively, and obtaining corrected channel quality information comprises:
wherein ,representing the modified channel quality information, +.>Representing statistical signal-to-noise ratio information for characterizing the channel quality, < >>Representing predicted signal-to-noise ratio information for characterizing channel quality,/->Representing the weight factor.
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