CN113411166A - Joint adaptive coding modulation system and method for satellite-ground laser link - Google Patents
Joint adaptive coding modulation system and method for satellite-ground laser link Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined self-adaptive coding modulation system and a method of a satellite-ground laser link. The scheme adopts LDPC coding technology and MDPSK modulation mode, changes transmission mode according to link condition, and is equipped with 4 self-adaptive multi-aperture receivers. According to a channel estimation module of a receiving end, the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is used as feedback information and is sent to a sending end through a radio frequency feedback link; the self-adaptive transmission mode decision module of the sending end selects the optimal coding modulation mode according to the feedback information; signal transmission is completed through the adaptive coding modulation transmitting device; and finally, starting different numbers of self-adaptive multi-aperture receivers according to the channel condition, thereby effectively reducing the bit error rate caused by atmospheric turbulence and improving the stability and the average transmission rate of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a satellite-ground laser communication link combined adaptive coding modulation system and method.
Technical Field
With the development of information network technologies such as mobile internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the like, the generated data traffic is synchronously and exponentially increased, and people have increasingly urgent needs for high-speed and high-capacity information transmission, and need to construct a space-ground integrated high-speed and high-capacity information network. The satellite laser communication technology is the key for realizing high-speed large-capacity satellite-ground communication. In a satellite-ground laser communication link, various damages of an atmospheric channel seriously affect the performance of a satellite-ground laser communication system. On one hand, the atmospheric absorption and scattering effects in the atmospheric channel can cause serious energy loss of the laser signal at the receiving end; on the other hand, the atmospheric turbulence in the atmospheric channel may cause random fluctuation of the phase and intensity of the laser beam, which affects the detection and reception of the optical signal.
The adaptive transmission technology is to send the channel state information to the sending end of the system through a feedback link, and the sending end dynamically changes the working modes of the system, such as the transmitting power, the coding efficiency, the modulation format and the like, according to the feedback information so as to adapt to different channels. When the channel quality is good, a high-order modulation format can be adopted, the transmitting power is reduced, and the coding efficiency is improved, so that the transmission rate and the communication efficiency of the system are improved. And the channel quality is deteriorated, the modulation order is reduced, the transmission power is improved, and the coding redundancy (namely, the coding efficiency is reduced) is increased, so that the stability of a communication link is ensured. Therefore, the adaptive transmission technology can be used for transmission performance optimization of satellite-to-ground laser communication. Adaptive transmission technology is widely applied to radio frequency wireless systems at present, but research on satellite-ground laser communication is less. Meanwhile, considering that the power resource of the transmitting end on the satellite in the satellite-ground downlink is limited, two parameters of changing the modulation format and the coding efficiency, namely the adaptive coding modulation scheme, are mainly considered for the adaptive transmission base of the satellite-ground downlink. Therefore, the patent mainly researches the adaptive coding modulation technology, and simultaneously combines the multi-aperture receiving technology to reduce the bit error rate of the system and optimize the transmission performance of the satellite-ground laser communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combined self-adaptive transmission system and a method suitable for a satellite underground laser communication link, which consider the characteristics of the satellite underground laser link, introduce self-adaptive multi-aperture receiving at a receiving end on the basis of self-adaptive coding modulation, design a self-adaptive coding modulation switching method and provide an optical signal to noise ratio estimation method based on a Long Short-Term Memory-recurrent neural network (LSTM). The specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:
(1) and the optical signal-to-noise ratio estimation module is mainly used for finishing the estimation of the average optical signal-to-noise ratio signal of the signal at the receiving end.
(2) The self-adaptive code modulation switching module comprises feedback signal receiving and code modulation selection. The core lies in that the coding efficiency and the modulation order which are applicable to the current system are calculated according to the feedback optical signal-to-noise ratio.
(3) And after a lowest-order modulation format and a low-efficiency coding mode are adopted, the signal is further deteriorated, the number of receiving apertures is increased by a receiving end in a self-adaptive mode, the atmospheric turbulence is resisted, and the system error rate is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that on the basis of adaptive coding modulation, the characteristics of the satellite-underground laser link are fully considered, and an adaptive multi-aperture receiving mode is adopted, so that atmospheric turbulence can be effectively resisted, and the system error rate is reduced; the channel estimation module is realized by adopting an LSTM network without the assistance of an additional pilot signal, so that the communication efficiency of the system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a joint adaptive coding modulation system of a satellite-ground laser communication link according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is also an abstract drawing;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a channel estimation module of a satellite-ground downlink laser communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a network model training flow of a SNR estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of transmission and feedback of an adaptive coded modulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for adaptively adjusting a code modulation scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a joint adaptive coded modulation system and method suitable for satellite-ground downlink, so as to achieve resistance to satellite-ground channel fading and improve system data transmission capacity. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
implementation of signal-to-noise ratio estimation module technology
The receiving end of the satellite-ground laser communication downlink is on the ground, different from the satellite transmitting terminal which has the limitation of power and computer computing power, the computing resources and power resources of the ground station are rich, and therefore the channel estimation is completed at the receiving end by means of the artificial neural network. Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a satellite-ground downlink laser communication system channel estimation module, which mainly includes two sub-modules, namely a receiving-end receiving module and a neural network-based channel estimation module. Wherein the channel estimation module based on the LSTM network is the core of the structural block diagram.
In the planetary laser communication channel estimation based on the LSTM network, an important step is the acquisition and processing of training data. The data samples are signals received by a receiving end, the signals of the time series comprise a real part and an imaginary part, and in order to process complex numbers, the real part and the imaginary part need to be respectively processed as two input quantities. The whole LSTM channel estimation model training process is shown in fig. 3.
Second, self-adaptive code modulation switching module
The sending and feedback model of the satellite downlink laser adaptive transmission system based on SIMO-DMPSK is shown in figure 4.
The feedback control flow of the modulation coding format of the whole sending end is as follows:
1. the feedback link transmits the channel state information estimated by the channel estimation module at the receiving end to a modulation coding decision control module of a satellite terminal;
2. and processing the channel state information by a decision control module of the ACM to obtain an estimated value of the channel state information, and selecting the code weight of the LDPC code and the order of the M-DPSK modulation format. The module will output two signal units R and M, where R is the code weight and M is the modulation order.
3. The LDPC encoder encodes the data of the transmitting end according to the encoding efficiency R;
4. the signal sequence after completing coding is according to M-2NPerforming N-path serial-parallel conversion and completing modulation of M-DPSK;
5. the modulated signal is transmitted via a laser transmitter.
The outputs R and M of the ACM decision control module are influenced by the channel estimation state h, and the purpose is to reasonably change R and M according to the change of h, so that the error rate of a receiving end is ensured to be lower than a threshold value. When the channel is degraded, the coding efficiency needs to be reduced, the check information ratio in the LDPC code is increased, (i.e., redundant information is increased), or the modulation order M is reduced to improve the resistance to atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric scattering, and the like, and improve the communication quality. The ACM decision scheme provided by the application considers the full fading characteristic of the atmospheric channel, and refers to the original coding efficiency R when adjusting the coding efficiency and the modulation order0And modulation order M0The whole adjustment process is regarded as one about R0、M0And mapping (R, M) of channel state information h to f (h, R)0,M0). The specific process is as shown in the figure5, respectively.
As can be seen from the flow chart of the adaptive adjustment algorithm, when the channel state information state changes, if the change is channel deterioration, which will result in an increase in the error rate, it is the modulation order M that is preferentially adjusted, the modulation order M is decreased,
coding efficiency R ═ R0Temporarily, keeping the same, recording whether the last modification is the modulation order or the coding efficiency by using a flag bit select, wherein the select is 1 to indicate that the modification is M, and the select is 2 to indicate that the modification is R. When the channel continues to be degraded, the coding efficiency R of the working parameter of the other transmitting end is adjusted, and the select is set to be 2. When the channel condition becomes good, the coding efficiency R and the modulation order M are adjusted in the same manner. When the channel condition is deteriorated until the lowest-order modulation DPSK is selected and the lowest coding efficiency is also selected, the SIMO working mode of the receiving end is started, the receiving end adopts multi-antenna receiving, the receiving aperture is increased by one each time until the maximum number N allowed by the modulation system is reachedm。
According to the above regulation algorithm, the modulation order and the coding efficiency can be regulated alternately, so that the two indexes are not modified at one time, the processing logic of the transmitting and receiving end is simplified, when the coding and modulation modes are modified simultaneously, the regulation burden of the communication modes of the transmitting end and the receiving end is larger, and due to the slow fading characteristic of an atmospheric channel, one parameter is more reasonable to regulate each time.
Receiving end multi-aperture receiving module
Multi-aperture reception techniques are commonly used for the satellite-to-ground downlink. Because the resources on the satellite are limited, on a satellite-borne transmitting terminal, only one laser is often used as a transmitter of a signal source to transmit a laser signal to a receiving end of a ground station, and as a character station of the receiving end, a plurality of receiving detectors are used to receive a downlink laser signal. The ground adopts multi-aperture receiving, and the atmospheric turbulence can be effectively inhibited.
The multi-aperture receiving technique can suppress the atmospheric turbulence because the ground station only receives the atmospheric turbulence between the N receiving apertures at the receiving endTo maintain a certain distance, the N received optical signals may be considered to be transmitted independently. When a laser signal in a downlink passes through a far distance and is transmitted from a satellite terminal to the near ground, a light beam is expanded, the size of a light spot is far larger than that of near-ground turbulence, and light received by a plurality of paths at a ground receiving end can be regarded as plane waves due to the large size of a light field. Thus, after N paths of optical signals are combined, the light intensity fluctuation caused by the atmospheric turbulence can be reduced. We analyze this as follows. Let the receiving end have N paths, and the light intensity received by each path is represented as Ii(i-0, 1,2,. N) such that the N intensities form an N-dimensional vector
I＝(Ii,I2,···IN) (1)
Since each optical signal is independent of each other, it can be obtained
Because the on-satellite terminal needs to consider energy loss, the transmission power can not be improved without counting consequence, and diversity transmission can not be adopted, the multi-aperture receiving technology is suitable for satellite-ground downlink. In the satellite-ground downlink, the purpose of improving the transmission performance can be achieved only at a single-input of a transmitting end through multipath reception of a receiving end. After the receiving end receives the laser beam through multiple paths, an important problem is what way to combine the signals on each path. Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is the optimal choice in diversity combining techniques, and the best performance can be obtained compared with selective combining and equal gain combining, because the combining principle of MRC itself is based on the goal of maximum signal-to-noise ratio OSNR after combining. The principle of MRC is analyzed below.
For received signals
Y＝Hx+n (3)
To combine N signals to have maximum optical signal-to-noise ratio, i.e.
Wherein gamma isiIs the optical signal-to-noise ratio on the sub-path. And gamma of the sub-pathiIs composed of
An optical signal to noise ratio of
Having a bit error rate of
The multi-aperture receiving technology can improve the communication quality and reduce the error rate for the satellite-ground downlink, so the self-adaptive multi-aperture receiving of the receiving end is realized by combining the self-adaptive transmission technology on the basis of the multi-aperture receiving technology. When the channel state is deteriorated, the lowest modulation order and the lowest coding efficiency are selected, and the requirement of the bit error rate threshold value cannot be met, the system self-adaptively starts a plurality of paths for receiving, the communication quality of the system is further improved, and the influence of turbulence is resisted. And after the channel is improved, the redundant receiving aperture is closed in a self-adaptive manner, so that the resources are saved, and efficient communication is realized only by using the ACM.
Claims (4)
1. A joint adaptive coded modulation system suitable for a satellite-to-ground laser link, the system comprising:
1. the receiving end optical signal to noise ratio estimation module estimates the average optical signal to noise ratio of the signal after the ground station receives the laser signal, and the average optical signal to noise ratio is used as a switching basis of the working mode of the sending end;
2. the adaptive transmission mode decision module is used for adaptively switching the coding modulation format of the starting end according to the optical signal-to-noise ratio returned by the feedback link;
3. the adaptive multi-aperture receiving module starts the multi-aperture receiving when the channel condition is poor.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein said receiving-end OSNR estimation module further comprises a receiver for receiving the received signal,
1. the module is used for estimating the signal-to-noise ratio parameter under the current satellite-ground laser channel state;
2. the long-short term memory cyclic neural network is adopted to realize the channel ratio estimation without the assistance of pilot signals;
3. as feedback information to guide the code modulation format selection of the transmitting end and the opening degree of the multi-aperture receiving device.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the adaptive transmission decision module is further configured to:
1. the feedback signal receiver receives a signal sent back by the radio frequency feedback link and processes the signal to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio;
2. the code modulation selector takes the signal-to-noise ratio as an input parameter and transmits the input parameter to the code modulation selector; the code modulation selector outputs a code efficiency and a modulation order.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the adaptive multi-aperture receiving module is configured to receive the laser signal at multiple apertures at a receiving end when a system bit error rate requirement cannot be guaranteed after a lowest-order modulation format and a coding efficiency are adopted.
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| CN114629553A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-14 | 复旦大学 | Multi-body satellite-ground laser communication atmospheric turbulence channel estimation system based on meta-learning |
| CN115276913A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-11-01 | 北京融为科技有限公司 | Data transmission method and equipment for satellite-ground laser communication |
| CN115694638A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-02-03 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Laser microwave mixing self-adaptive satellite-ground data transmission device |
| CN116566517A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-08-08 | 成都本原星通科技有限公司 | Data transmission rate self-adaptive matching method for low-orbit communication satellite |
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