CN116566185A - SRM fault-tolerant power converter - Google Patents
SRM fault-tolerant power converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN116566185A CN116566185A CN202310834867.6A CN202310834867A CN116566185A CN 116566185 A CN116566185 A CN 116566185A CN 202310834867 A CN202310834867 A CN 202310834867A CN 116566185 A CN116566185 A CN 116566185A
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
- H02P25/092—Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
Abstract
The application provides a SRM fault-tolerant power converter, the power converter includes: the system comprises at least one main bridge arm, at least one main bridge arm and a plurality of auxiliary switches, wherein the at least one main bridge arm is formed by connecting a power switch tube and a normally closed contact relay, the midpoint of the at least one main bridge arm is defined as a central node, each central node is connected with one end of a winding and the cathode of a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the other end of the winding, and the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the at least one main bridge arm are symmetrical about the central node; the auxiliary bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and a plurality of normally open contact relays, and the middle point of each two normally open contact relays connected in series is connected with the central node. When the switching tube fails, the SRM fault-tolerant power converter with the fault-tolerant topology reconstruction does not need to judge the fault type of the switching tube, and the influence of the fault on the running state of the motor can be reduced to the greatest extent only by detecting the bridge arm where the fault tube is located.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power converters, in particular to a SRM fault-tolerant power converter.
Background
The switched reluctance motor (Switched Reluctance Motor, SRM) has the advantages of low cost, strong fault tolerance, wide speed regulation range, capability of running in severe environments and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of motor transmission, aerospace, wind power generation and the like. Among them, fault tolerance is an important feature that SRM can be widely used, but the power converter is most likely to fail in SRD due to severe loss and heating phenomena caused by long-term operation of the power converter under high frequency switching and high voltage and current conditions. If the power conversion device is in a fault state for a long time, the whole motor system is seriously damaged. Therefore, the method has great significance for researching the SRM fault-tolerant power conversion device. The power converter plays an important role in the driving system of the switch reluctance motor, and the performance of the power converter determines the performance of the driving system to a certain extent. At present, aiming at the fault tolerance of the power converter, two main research directions are: one is to construct a power converter topology with fault tolerance capability, and the other is by optimizing the control strategy.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to construct a power converter with fault tolerance.
The invention provides a SRM fault-tolerant power converter, which comprises:
the system comprises at least one main bridge arm, a plurality of power switches, a plurality of normally closed contact relays, a plurality of diodes and a plurality of power switches, wherein the at least one main bridge arm is formed by connecting power switches and normally closed contact relays, the midpoint of the at least one main bridge arm is defined as a central node, each central node is connected with one end of a winding and the cathode of a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the other end of the winding, and the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the at least one main bridge arm are symmetrical about the central node; and
the auxiliary bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and a plurality of normally open contact relays, and the middle point of each two normally open contact relays connected in series is connected with a central node;
when the power switch tube fails, the normally-closed contact relay corresponding to the failed bridge arm is disconnected, the normally-open contact relay corresponding to the failed bridge arm is attracted, and the failed bridge arm is an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of a certain main bridge arm.
In some embodiments of the invention, at least one main bridge arm is specifically a three-way main bridge arm, and each main bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and two normally closed contact relays; and the central nodes of the three paths of main bridge arms are respectively an A central node, a B central node and a C central node.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the auxiliary bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and six normally open contact relays, and the midpoints of each two normally open contact relays connected in series are respectively connected with an a center node, a B center node and a C center node.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the driving signal of the power switch tube adopts a unipolar modulation mode, where the unipolar modulation mode is that in a range of a phase inductance rising area corresponding to the power switch tube, the power switch tube of the at least one main bridge arm or the upper bridge arm of the auxiliary bridge arm is continuously turned on and off by a PWM driving signal; the power switching transistor which is kept normally on is defined as a position transistor, and the power switching transistor which is driven by the PWM driving signal is defined as a chopper transistor.
According to the SRM fault-tolerant power converter provided by the invention, when a switching tube fails, the fault type of the switching tube does not need to be judged by the SRM fault-tolerant power converter with the fault-tolerant topology reconstruction, the influence of the fault on the running state of a motor can be reduced to the greatest extent by only detecting the bridge arm where the fault tube is located, and the SRM fault-tolerant power converter does not need to be independently designed with a fault-tolerant control program, and only needs to give a driving signal originally given to the fault tube to an auxiliary switching tube.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a SRM fault tolerant power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a current path in the excitation mode I in the area A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a current path in a freewheel mode I in region A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current path in the excitation mode II in the area A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a current path in a freewheel mode II in region A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a current path in the excitation mode III in the region A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a current path in a freewheel mode III in region A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a current path in excitation mode IV in the AB region according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a current path in a freewheel mode IV in the AB region in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a current path in the excitation mode v in the AB area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a current path in a freewheel mode V in the AB region according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating fault tolerant operation under Q1 failure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating fault tolerant operation under Q2 failure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a main circuit topology of an SRM fault tolerant power converter of the present application is shown. Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,、/>、/>are all windings, are-> 、/>、/>Are diodes.
The power converter includes: the system comprises at least one main bridge arm, a plurality of power switches, a plurality of normally closed contact relays, a plurality of diodes and a plurality of power switches, wherein the at least one main bridge arm is formed by connecting power switches and normally closed contact relays, the midpoint of the at least one main bridge arm is defined as a central node, each central node is connected with one end of a winding and the cathode of a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the other end of the winding, and the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the at least one main bridge arm are symmetrical about the central node; the auxiliary bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and a plurality of normally open contact relays, and the middle point of each two normally open contact relays connected in series is connected with a central node, wherein when the power switching tube fails, the normally closed contact relay corresponding to the failed bridge arm is disconnected, the normally open contact relay corresponding to the failed bridge arm is attracted, and the failed bridge arm is an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of a certain main bridge arm.
By applying the technical scheme of the embodiment, each main bridge arm consists of two power switch tubes and two normally closed contact relays, the midpoints of the bridge arms are respectively defined as A, B, C nodes, and the upper and lower bridge arms are symmetrical about the node center. Each node is connected with one end of the winding and the cathode of a diode, the anode of the diode is connected with the other end of the winding, and the diode is used for preventing the bridge arm from exciting the winding in the inductance falling area. The auxiliary bridge arm is connected with a plurality of normally open contact relays by two power switch tubes, and the midpoint of each two normally open contact relays connected in series is connected with a main bridge arm node A, B, C. Wherein the method comprises the steps ofAnd (3) with(k=1 to 6) is a group of interlocking relays,>is a normally closed contact relay->Is a normally open contact relay. When the switching tube fails, the corresponding normally-closed contact relay is disconnected, and the corresponding normally-open contact relay is attracted, so that the auxiliary switching tube can replace the failure switching tube to work. And the relay network and the auxiliary switching tube can not act under normal conditions and are in an idle state.
The fault-tolerant topological structure is added with one path of auxiliary bridge arm on the basis of a three-phase full-bridge structure, and a relay network is also added, so that under the normal working condition, the fault-tolerant topological structure is the same as the traditional driving circuit control method, no additional design control algorithm is needed, and when a switching tube breaks down, the auxiliary bridge arm is selected to replace a fault bridge arm through the relay network, thereby realizing the fault-tolerant control function of the power converter.
Specifically, at least one main bridge arm is a three-way main bridge arm, and each main bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and two normally closed contact relays; and the central nodes of the three paths of main bridge arms are respectively an A central node, a B central node and a C central node.
The auxiliary bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and six normally open contact relays, and the middle points of every two normally open contact relays connected in series are respectively connected with the A center node, the B center node and the C center node.
Further, the driving signal of the power switch tube adopts a unipolar modulation mode, wherein the unipolar modulation mode is that the at least one main bridge arm or the upper switch tube of the auxiliary bridge arm is continuously turned on and off by PWM driving signals in the range of a phase inductance rising area corresponding to the power switch tube; the power switching transistor which is kept normally on is defined as a position transistor, and the power switching transistor which is driven by the PWM driving signal is defined as a chopper transistor.
In order to reduce the switching loss of the power switch tube, the driving signal of the power switch tube adopts a unipolar modulation mode, namely, in the range of the position area, the power switch tube on the bridge arm is continuously turned on and off by PWM driving signals, such as a power switch tube Q1, a power switch tube Q3 and a power switch tube Q5; the power switch tube under the bridge arm keeps a normally-on state, such as a power switch tube Q2, a power switch tube Q4 and a power switch tube Q6. The switching transistor which is kept normally on is defined as a position transistor, and the switching transistor driven by the PWM driving signal is defined as a chopper transistor.
It should be noted that, because only one auxiliary bridge arm is provided in the proposed fault-tolerant topology, each auxiliary bridge arm can only replace one fault tube to work. Therefore, the fault-tolerant control is the fault-tolerant control under a single fault type of a single pipe, namely, only one group of relay contacts act at a time, and no two or more identical windings are excited or freewheel through the auxiliary bridge arm at the same time.
The fault diagnosis method is to diagnose the fault type and the fault tube of the power switch tube according to the characteristic that the current flowing through the power switch tube is different before and after the fault of the power switch tube and different fault types.
In a specific embodiment, in a normal state, all possible modes of operation where the topology of rotor position at regions a and AB exists are discussed with reference to the region of position where the rotor is located. The operation mode analysis of the other rotor position areas is the same as the analysis of the position areas a and AB, and the detailed analysis is as follows.
Region a:
when the rotor is in the A position area, Q1 is a chopper tube, Q4 is a position tube, the A-phase winding is in an excitation or freewheel state, and the following six conditions can occur in the working mode of the SRM system:excitation and freewheel modes at that time; />Excitation and freewheel modes at that time; />Excitation and freewheel modes at time, < >>For the current across the C-phase winding, +.>Is the current across the a-phase winding.
Excitation pattern i: FIG. 2 shows the case where the current of the previous phase winding is 0 and both switching transistors Q1 and Q4 are on, at which time the A phase winding is excited and the bus voltage isThe relevant voltage equation is as follows:
，（1）
in the method, in the process of the invention,for bus voltage>For the voltage across the a-phase winding, +.>Is the diode drop of the diode, +.>Is the conduction voltage drop of the switching tube.
Freewheel mode i: fig. 3 is the same as fig. 2 except that Q1 is in the off state, where the a-phase winding is in freewheel mode, and the voltage equation is as follows:
，（2）
in the method, in the process of the invention,the diode drop is the inverse of the switching tube.
Excitation pattern ii: fig. 4 shows a case where the previous phase winding current is not 0 and is greater than the present winding current. Namely, the current of the C-phase winding is larger than that of the A-phase winding, at the moment, a part of current of the C-phase winding flows through the A-phase winding, the residual current flows into a power supply through Q1, and the corresponding voltage equation is as follows:
，（3）
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the voltage across the C-phase winding;
freewheel mode ii: fig. 5 differs from fig. 2 in that Q1 is in an off state, at which a part of the C-phase current flows into the power supply through the anti-parallel diode of Q1, and the a-phase winding is in a freewheel mode, and the corresponding voltage equation is as follows:
，（4）
excitation pattern iii: unlike the case of excitation pattern ii, excitation pattern iii shown in fig. 6 is such that the previous phase winding current is not 0 but is smaller than the present winding current. At this time, besides the power supply providing energy for the A-phase winding, the C-phase winding current also flows into the A-phase winding, and the corresponding voltage equation is as follows:
，（5）
freewheel mode III: the situation shown in fig. 7 is the same as that of fig. 6, but Q1 is in the off state, and the a-phase winding is in the freewheel mode, and the voltage equation is as follows:
，（6）
AB region:
when the rotor is in the AB position area, the switch tube Q1 is a chopper tube, the switch tube Q6 is a position tube, and the A, B phase windings are simultaneously in an excitation or freewheel state. The following four cases occur in the operation mode of the SRM system at this time: respectively areExcitation and freewheel modes at that time; />Excitation and freewheel modes at time, < >>Is the current across the B phase winding.
Excitation pattern iv: fig. 8 shows a case where the currents of two windings in the rising interval of the inductance are equal, and when the switching transistors Q1 and Q6 are both turned on, the A, B windings are excited simultaneously, and the related voltage equation is as follows:
，（7）
in the method, in the process of the invention,the voltage at two ends of the B phase winding;
freewheel mode IV: fig. 9 shows a case where the two-phase winding currents are equal, but Q1 is in an off state, and the A, B-phase winding is in a freewheel mode, where the voltage equation is:
，（8）
excitation pattern v: unlike excitation pattern iv, fig. 10 shows a case where the two-phase winding currents in the inductance rising section are not equal and Q1 and Q6 are in the on state. At this time, the current of the A phase is larger than the current of the B phase, and because the inductance current cannot be suddenly changed, part of the current of the A phase flows into a power supply through the anti-parallel diode of the Q3, and the other part of the current flows through the B phase winding, and the corresponding voltage equation is as follows:
，（9）
freewheel mode v: the situation shown in fig. 11 is the same as in fig. 10, except that Q1 is off, and the corresponding voltage equation is as follows:
，（10）
fig. 12 shows a fault-tolerant operation adopted when the chopper Q1 is open or short-circuited, and a fault-tolerant bridge arm and a healthy component formed by Q7 and a normally open contact relay form a new topology structure. When the fault diagnosis strategy detects Q1 fault, the normally closed contact relay is disconnected at the moment, and the electrical connection between the fault tube Q1 and the main circuit is cut off; and the corresponding normally open contact relay is attracted, and the auxiliary switching tube Q7 replaces Q1 to participate in the driving control of the motor, so that the motor is ensured to recover to the original running state.
Fig. 13 shows a fault-tolerant operation adopted when the position tube Q2 fails, and a new topology structure is formed by a fault-tolerant bridge arm and healthy components, wherein the fault-tolerant bridge arm is composed of a Q8 and a normally-open contact relay. When Q2 fails, the normally closed contact relay is disconnected, and the electrical connection between the fault tube Q2 and the main circuit is cut off; and the corresponding normally open contact relay is attracted, and the auxiliary switching tube Q8 replaces Q2 to participate in the driving control of the motor, so that the motor is ensured to recover to the original running state.
What has been described above is merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A SRM fault tolerant power converter, the power converter comprising:
the system comprises at least one main bridge arm, a plurality of power switches, a plurality of normally closed contact relays, a plurality of diodes and a plurality of power switches, wherein the at least one main bridge arm is formed by connecting power switches and normally closed contact relays, the midpoint of the at least one main bridge arm is defined as a central node, each central node is connected with one end of a winding and the cathode of a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the other end of the winding, and the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the at least one main bridge arm are symmetrical about the central node; and
the auxiliary bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and a plurality of normally open contact relays, and the middle point of each two normally open contact relays connected in series is connected with a central node;
when the power switch tube fails, the normally-closed contact relay corresponding to the failed bridge arm is disconnected, the normally-open contact relay corresponding to the failed bridge arm is attracted, and the failed bridge arm is an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of a certain main bridge arm.
2. The SRM fault tolerant power converter of claim 1, wherein at least one main bridge arm is a three-way main bridge arm, each main bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and two normally closed contact relays; and the central nodes of the three paths of main bridge arms are respectively an A central node, a B central node and a C central node.
3. The SRM fault tolerant power converter of claim 2, wherein the auxiliary bridge arm is formed by connecting two power switching tubes and six normally open contact relays, and the midpoints of each two normally open contact relays connected in series are respectively connected with the a-center node, the B-center node and the C-center node.
4. The SRM fault tolerant power converter of claim 1, wherein the driving signal of the power switching tube adopts a unipolar modulation mode, wherein the unipolar modulation mode is that the power switching tube of the at least one main bridge arm or the upper bridge arm of the auxiliary bridge arm is continuously turned on and off by a PWM driving signal within a range of a phase inductance rising area corresponding to the power switching tube.
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