CN116564168A - Novel digital spectrometer and adjusting method - Google Patents

Novel digital spectrometer and adjusting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116564168A
CN116564168A CN202310580554.2A CN202310580554A CN116564168A CN 116564168 A CN116564168 A CN 116564168A CN 202310580554 A CN202310580554 A CN 202310580554A CN 116564168 A CN116564168 A CN 116564168A
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China
Prior art keywords
spectrometer
adjusting
mirror
telescope
objective table
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CN202310580554.2A
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尤德红
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Shaanxi University of Technology
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Shaanxi University of Technology
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Priority to CN202310580554.2A priority Critical patent/CN116564168A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/22—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for optics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical experiments and teaching equipment, in particular to a novel digital spectrometer. The optical path system component is in a T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure and is arranged in the rotating shaft of the spectrometer, the upper end of the optical path system component is connected with the objective table, and the lower end of the optical path system component is connected with the base of the spectrometer through a bearing; the optical path system mirror includes a mirror M 1 Mirror M 2 A beam splitter plate G; mirror M 1 The mirror surface is parallel to the central axis of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel; the beam splitter plate G is arranged in the center of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel and is connected with the reflecting mirror M 1 Equal height and 45 DEG angle thereto; mirror M 2 The embedded mounting is arranged at the center of the objective table; the PSD signal detection module is arranged at the protruding end of one side of the T-shaped cylindrical drum structure. The invention realizes the vertical adjustment of the telescope optical axis and the spectrometer rotating shaft by the light beam light path superposition principle, digitizes the spectrometer adjusting process, and has the advantages of convenience and simplicity in operation compared with the direct observation of the light phenomenon by human eyes.

Description

Novel digital spectrometer and adjusting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical experiments and teaching equipment, in particular to a novel digital spectrometer.
Background
Before the spectrometer is used, the spectrometer needs to be strictly adjusted to meet the requirement that the collimator can emit parallel light and the telescope can receive the parallel light; the telescope optical axis and the collimator optical axis are coaxial; the telescope optical axis is perpendicular to the central rotating shaft of the spectrometer, the traditional spectrometer commonly adopts a telescope auto-collimation method to respectively and semi-regulate an objective table and a telescope, and successive approximation is carried out, so that the telescope optical axis is perpendicular to the central rotating shaft.
The most difficult in the use of the spectrometer is to adjust the telescope optical axis to be perpendicular to the central axis, but the telescope eyepiece visual field is limited to be small, the adjustment by utilizing the auto-collimation method needs to be repeatedly debugged, the adjustment process is quite inconvenient, and no digital spectrometer adjusting instrument exists at present, which is a short plate in the use of the traditional spectrometer.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that no digital spectrometer adjusting instrument exists in the prior art at present, the invention provides a novel digital spectrometer, which comprises: the optical path system component is in a T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure and is arranged in the rotating shaft of the spectrometer, the upper end of the optical path system component is connected with the objective table, and the lower end of the optical path system component is connected with the base of the spectrometer through a bearing; the reflector comprises a reflector M 1 Mirror M 2 A beam splitter plate G; mirror M 1 The mirror surface is parallel to the central axis of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel; the G plate is arranged in the center of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel and is connected with the reflecting mirror M 1 A constant height; mirror M 2 The embedded mounting is arranged at the center of the objective table; the PSD signal detection module is arranged at the protruding end of one side of the T-shaped cylindrical drum structure. The invention realizes the vertical adjustment of the telescope optical axis and the spectrometer rotating shaft by the light beam light path superposition principle, digitizes the spectrometer adjusting process, is more convenient and simpler to operate than the direct observation of the light phenomenon by human eyes, and simultaneously provides a novel digital spectrometer adjusting method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme that the novel digital spectrometer comprises:
including light path system component, objective table, telescope, collimator, PSD signal detection module, base, connecting elements and speculum, its characterized in that:
the optical path system component is in a T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure and is arranged in the rotating shaft of the spectrometer, the upper end of the optical path system component is connected with the objective table, and the lower end of the optical path system component is connected with the base of the spectrometer through a bearing; the reflector comprises a reflector M 1 Mirror M 2 A beam splitter plate G; mirror M 1 The mirror surface is parallel to the central axis of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel; the beam splitter plate G is arranged in the center of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel and is connected with the reflecting mirror M 1 A constant height; mirror M 2 The embedded mounting is arranged at the center of the objective table; p (P)The SD signal detection module is arranged at the protruding end of one side of the T-shaped cylindrical drum structure.
Further, the novel data spectrometer further comprises an angle measurement and display module, and the angle measurement and display module is externally connected with the light path system component through the connecting hole.
Further, a reflector M 1 The optical mirror with the length of 20mm multiplied by 2mm is adopted, and the mirror surface is parallel to the central axis of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel during installation, is perpendicular to the protruding end of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure and has the same height as the axis of the protruding end.
Further, the G plate mounting groove has a size of 30mm×2mm, and is connected with the mirror M 1 The plane is at an angle of 450 degrees.
Furthermore, the length of the protruding end on one side of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure is 40mm, the PSD signal detection module is arranged on the protruding end, and a circular optical filter with the diameter of 30mm is arranged in front of the protruding end.
Further, the objective table comprises two layers, wherein the upper layer is an objective table plane, and the lower layer is an installation bracket device and a table top adjusting knob.
Further, the table top adjusting knob adopts screw screwing and comprises three adjusting knobs which are distributed in a regular triangle shape, and each adjusting knob is 50mm away from the central axis of the objective table.
Furthermore, the invention also provides an adjusting method of the novel digital spectrometer, which adopts any one of the novel spectrometers to adjust the center rotating shaft of the spectrometer to be perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope, and specifically comprises the following steps:
powering the PSD signal detection module and the light source to obtain output information of the PSD signal detection module, and sequentially adjusting an adjusting knob at the lower layer of the objective table until the output information of the PSD signal detection module is zero;
focusing the telescope, placing a 45-degree reflector accessory on the objective table, and adjusting the pitch angle and the position of the telescope until the reflected image appearing in the telescope is aligned with the cross of the telescope cross hair.
Furthermore, the adjusting method of the novel digital spectrometer provided by the invention is also used for adjusting the coaxial of the telescope and the collimator:
and adjusting the slit of the collimator until parallel light is emitted, rotating the slit to the horizontal direction, and adjusting the angle of the collimator until the slit is aligned with the cross wire transverse line of the telescope.
Further, the method for obtaining the output information of the PSD signal detection module comprises the following steps:
acquiring two light spot coordinates recorded after a light source is incident on a PSD signal detection module;
acquiring offset of two light spot coordinates after each time of adjusting the adjusting knob at the lower layer of the objective table, and converting the offset into an electric signal;
the electric signal is amplified and then input into an A/D converted singlechip, and the output result parameter is used as the output information of the PSD signal detection module.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a new adjustment method of a spectrometer based on light path coincidence, which comprises the steps of detecting and judging the coincidence of two light paths of a light path system by a PSD, and finishing the fact that a central rotating shaft of the spectrometer is perpendicular to a plane of an objective table; the optical axis of the telescope is adjusted to be vertical to the central rotating shaft of the spectrometer after 45-degree reflector fittings are placed on the plane of the objective table; the collimator optical axis is vertical to the central rotating shaft of the spectrometer by adjusting the collimator optical axis to be coaxial with the telescope optical axis; meanwhile, the PSD is used for realizing the digitization of the spectrometer, and an independent photoelectric detection and conversion circuit is designed for converting the optical coordinate information into current (voltage) digital information, so that the problems that a reflection image is difficult to find, the adjustment process is complicated and the like are not generated any more in the use of the spectrometer when the spectrometer is operated, the adjustment process of the spectrometer is digitized, and the spectrometer is more convenient and faster than the direct observation of the light phenomenon by human eyes and is simple to operate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a novel digital spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a light path system component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a stage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional PSD structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a PSD photo-electric signal operation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the amplifying and normalizing operation of the photoelectric signal in FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an a/D conversion process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the prior art, a digital spectrometer adjusting instrument is not available, which is a short plate in the use of the traditional spectrometer, the invention completely gives up the auto-collimation method and each half-adjustment method of the spectrometer, and the invention also develops a new path, and the light path superposition principle of the lighting beam realizes the vertical adjustment of the telescope optical axis and the spectrometer rotating shaft; the two-dimensional PSD and a designed photoelectric signal conversion circuit are used for realizing digital visualization of the adjustment process;
referring to fig. 1, a schematic structure diagram of a novel digital spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises an optical path system component, an objective table (1), a collimator and a telescope (2), a PSD signal detection module (3), an angle measurement and numerical value display module (4), a base, a link component (5) and a 45-degree reflector accessory (6) used for adjusting the telescope; wherein the optical path system structureThe component and stage (1) mainly comprises a light source S, a beam splitter plate G (hereinafter referred to as G plate) and a reflector M 1 And M 2 Wherein the reflector M 2 The device is arranged on the plane of the object stage and is a semi-reflective semi-transparent optical mirror which is matched with the PSD signal detection module (3) and the 45-degree reflecting mirror accessory (6) for debugging; the beam splitter plate G is mounted and the mirror M 1 The light source S is arranged below the G plate at a fixed position in the rotating shaft of the spectrometer, a high-brightness LED is used as a light source, and a beam of light is emitted after passing through the lens; the base and the linking component (5) comprise a whole machine base, a collimator and telescope mounting bracket and other connecting components.
In one specific embodiment of the invention, the collimator and the telescope (2) are abbe telescopes, and the ocular does not need a light source; the PSD signal detection module (3) adopts HY0202 type PSD, a filter is additionally arranged at the front part, and the PSD signal detection module is matched with a photoelectric signal detection and conversion circuit and adopts digital output; the angle measurement and numerical value display module (4) adopts a Schker DFS60 series angle absolute encoder, and can directly output measurement data values.
As shown in FIG. 2, a schematic diagram of the optical path system component structure of the embodiment of the invention is provided, the optical path system component is installed inside the rotating shaft of the spectrometer, the whole body of the optical path system component is in a T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure, in a specific implementation mode, the inner diameter of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure is 40.0mm, the outer diameter of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure is 48.0mm, the length between the upper end and the lower end is 15cm, the upper end and the objective table can form installation connection, the lower end and the spectrometer base are connected through a bearing, a connecting hole for installing an angle measurement and numerical display module (4) is arranged, and an installation locking knob is arranged.
Mirror M 1 Is positioned inside the T-shaped cylinder and is fixed at a position parallel to the axis of the cylinder and is equal in height and perpendicular to the axis of the protruding section, and in one specific embodiment, the reflector M 1 The dimensions of the mounting groove of the reflector M are 20mm multiplied by 2mm 1 Adopts an optical mirror with the length of 20mm multiplied by 2mm, and a reflector M 1 Is embedded in the mounting groove, and the reflector M needs to be ensured during the mounting 1 Is parallel to the central axis; g plate mounting groove is positioned on reflector M 1 At the same height and withMirror M 1 The plane is at an angle of 45 degrees, in one specific embodiment, the size of the mounting groove of the G plate is 30mm multiplied by 2mm, and when the G plate is mounted, the G plate is mounted in the mounting groove in an embedded manner; the protruding end of the T-shaped cylinder is 40mm long, and the PSD signal detection module (3) is arranged at the protruding end of the T-shaped cylinder and is provided with a circular filter with the diameter of 30 mm.
The stage member has two layers, an upper layer is a stage plane, and a lower layer is a mounting bracket device and a table top adjusting knob, as shown in FIG. 3, in one embodiment, the stage upper layer plane is modified, the table top diameter is 80mm, and a mounting mirror M is provided at the center of the table top 2 Is incident on the reflector M 2 Via reflector M 2 After reflection, the light returns to the G plate again to form a transmission light beam emitted to the light screen, and a reflector M 2 Adopts a round semi-reflecting semi-transparent optical mirror with the diameter of 30mm, and a reflector M needs to be ensured during installation 2 The mirror surface of (2) is parallel to the stage surface, and the reflector M 2 With adjustable stage face angle, and at the same time, the reflector M 2 A "+" line is marked on the telescope, matched with a 45-degree reflecting mirror, and the optical axis of the spectrometer telescope and the optical axis of the collimator tube are adjusted to be vertical to the central rotating shaft; the lower layer of the objective table is provided with a mounting bracket device and a table top adjusting knob, when the objective table is used, the objective table needs to be mounted at the upper end of the T-shaped hollow cylinder, and a reflector M 2 And G plate and reflector M 1 The three adjusting knobs adopt screws to screw in, each knob is 50mm away from the central axis of the objective table, the three screw positions are distributed in a regular triangle, and the angle adjustment of the plane of the objective table is realized through the screws of the adjusting knobs.
Furthermore, the angle measuring and numerical displaying module in the novel spectrometer is an absolute angle encoder, the current encoders are various in variety and are generally intelligent, various parallel interfaces can be used for communicating with other equipment, electric signals generated by the encoder can be processed through a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or a control system and the like, the invention adopts a Schker DFS60 series absolute angle encoder, the angle measuring range of the series absolute angle encoder is 0-360 degrees, the resolution is 16 bits, and the angle is changed through a photoelectric sensorConversion to occupancy 2 16 The electric signals with the proportion of different positions being changed are only one digital code corresponding to the position when the electric signals are rotated to any position; 360 ° of a week is divided into 2 16 Two adjacent positions are separated by 360 x 3600'/2 16 Approximately 19.7753 "can be achieved with a precision of 20" and a digital display of the angle measurement can be achieved using an angle encoder with a resolution of 20 ".
Because each position in the absolute angle encoder is only provided with a unique digital code corresponding to the absolute angle encoder, different codes can be recorded respectively in the rotating process of the rotating shaft to measure data, the angle encoder is connected with a measuring port in a data display module through a circuit, a storage and query function is arranged in the module, the latest two times of measured data are detected through a display output, and the difference value is the rotating angle value.
In a specific embodiment, the light source S of the invention adopts a high-brightness LED (DC 3V), is arranged below the G plate and parallel to the central rotating shaft, and the light emitted by the light source S passes through the concave mirror and then passes through the lens group to obtain a beam of bright light to irradiate the G plate.
As an expansion, the invention can also load a CCD imaging module and an adjusting control module on the telescope. The CCD imaging device and the adjusting control module are additionally arranged on the eyepiece section of the telescope, and then the motor is matched to realize autonomous adjustment and measurement of the spectrometer, so that the application scene of the digital spectrometer can be expanded, and the use convenience degree can be improved.
The optical path principle of the novel digital spectrometer structural design is as follows: as shown in fig. 4, a mirror M 1 And reflector M 2 The G plate is a transparent optical glass plate with two parallel surfaces, and the back surface is plated with a semitransparent thin silver layer, so that a semi-reflection and semi-projection layer can be formed; the light is divided into reflected light and transmitted light when entering the G plate, and when the light is set to enter the G plate with the refractive index n from the air medium at an angle alpha, the light is transmitted to the G plateThe angle of the internally generated refractive light is i, and the refractive index n of the air medium is taken 0 According to the law of refraction of geometrical opticsBecause the two surfaces of the G plate are parallel, the light rays are refracted out of the G plate at an angle alpha; the light rays with the refraction part are incident on the reflector M at an angle beta 2 The light of the reflected part is incident on the reflector M in beta 1 If the reflector M 1 And reflector M 2 The included angle between the G plate and the reflector M is theta 1 When the angle is 45 degrees, the G plate and the reflector M 2 Finished productsAnd (5) corners. From the law of reflection: />Via reflector M 2 After reflection, the refracted light is incident on the G plate again, the incident angle is gamma, and the light with the reflecting part passes through the reflector M 1 After reflection, the incident angle to the G plate is γ', which is the geometric relationship: γ=α+2β, γ '=α+2β', and it can be derived from this that, when the mirror M is 1 And reflector M 2 When perpendicular to each other, i.e.)>The method can obtain the following steps: the light rays are reflected by the reflecting mirror in the respective propagation directions and then return to the G plate, and the reflecting light generated in the emergent direction and the light path of the transmitted light are necessarily overlapped, and the result of the overlapping of the light paths is not changed along with the change of the angle alpha of the incident light.
Based on the characteristics of the light path, the invention uses the reflector M 1 Is arranged at the central rotation axis and is used for reflecting mirror M 2 Is arranged on the plane of the object stage, the two-dimensional PSD is used for detecting the positions of two beams of light rays, and the photoelectric signal is used for converting electricityThe road is digitally displayed with position coordinates; the PSD output information is used for judging the vertical relation between the central rotating shaft and the plane of the objective table, so that the optical axis of the telescope is vertical to the central rotating shaft, and the collimator and the telescope are coaxially adjusted.
Furthermore, the invention provides a novel digital spectrometer adjusting method, which is based on the novel spectrometer and is used for adjusting the center rotating shaft of the spectrometer to be perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope, and specifically comprises the following steps:
powering the PSD signal detection module and the light source to obtain output information of the PSD signal detection module, and sequentially adjusting an adjusting knob at the lower layer of the objective table until the output information of the PSD signal detection module is zero;
focusing the telescope, placing a 45-degree reflector accessory on the objective table, and adjusting the pitch angle and the position of the telescope until a reflection image of the light source in the telescope after reflection is aligned with a cross of a cross wire of the telescope.
Meanwhile, the adjusting method of the novel digital spectrometer provided by the invention is also used for adjusting the coaxial of the telescope and the collimator:
and adjusting the slit of the collimator until parallel light is emitted, rotating the slit to the horizontal direction, and adjusting the angle of the collimator until the slit is aligned with the cross wire transverse line of the telescope.
Thus, the adjusting step of the digital spectrometer of the present invention may comprise:
s1, a power switch is turned on, and power is respectively supplied to the PSD and the experimental light source device through a working circuit.
S2, observing PSD output information displayed on the panel of the tester, wherein an output result is not zero under normal conditions, adjusting a knob below the objective table, and observing the change of the PSD output information displayed on the panel of the tester. When the number becomes smaller, continuing to adjust the knob along the same direction, and when the number becomes larger, adjusting the knob along the opposite direction; and exchanging another knob below the objective table, and adjusting the same process until the PSD output information displayed on the panel of the tester is adjusted to zero.
S3, adjusting the telescope to enable the telescope to see the reticle fork wires and focusing infinity.
S4, placing the 45-degree reflector accessory on the objective table, rotating the opposite mirror surface of the telescope, and observing whether a reflection image exists in the telescope. The pitch angle and the position of the telescope can be sequentially adjusted to find out the reflected image, and the reflected image is accurately adjusted to be aligned with the cross of the cross wire of the telescope; the step realizes that the optical axis of the telescope is perpendicular to the central rotating shaft of the spectrometer.
S5, adjusting the slit of the collimator to be proper in slit width, and adjusting to enable the collimator to emit parallel light. Keeping the optical axis of the telescope motionless, rotating the slit to be horizontal, and adjusting the angle of the collimator tube to align the slit with the cross wire transverse line of the telescope; the step realizes that the telescope is coaxial with the collimator, and further realizes that the optical axis of the collimator is perpendicular to the central rotating shaft of the spectrometer.
The relation between the PSD light spot position and the photocurrent in the invention is as follows: two pairs of electrodes are arranged on the two-dimensional PSD photosensitive surface, and the positions of the electrodes are respectively marked as X 1 ,X 2 And Y 1 ,Y 2 The middle position is a public interface of a power supply, as shown in fig. 5, a structural schematic diagram of a two-bit PSD is provided, a surface P-type resistance layer can feed back current (voltage) of an x-axis direction display position and current (voltage) of a y-axis direction display position, when no external voltage exists, current generated by photoelectric effect on the surface of a photoelectric material can flow in all directions in a resistance thin layer, electrodes arranged in pairs in two vertical directions collect photocurrents, four current components are respectively formed, the center position is set as a reference point, and two-dimensional sitting marks of light spots on a plane are (x, y). Microcurrent representation generated in the x-axis directionAnd->Microcurrent generated in the y-axis direction +.>It can be seen that the light spot on the PSD device is used as an input analog signal, and the component and total photocurrent of each photocurrent are practically only equal to the light spot positionThe light intensity is related to the position, whether the light spot size is symmetrical or not is irrelevant, and when the position of the incident light spot is unchanged, the current output by each port is proportional to the intensity of the incident light; when the intensity of the incident light is not changed, the output current of each port is in a linear relation with the distance from the incident light spot to the PSD center, namely, the more the current in each direction deviates from the original point, the larger the current in the direction is; the output currents of the two electrodes are processed as follows: respectively differencing and summing the currents, then multiplying the value of the difference by the value of the summation of the currents, and setting delta I x For the position output signal of PSD of x-axis, there is +.>Also, deltaI y Output signal for position of PSD of y-axis, then +.>After the normalization processing is carried out on the current, the change of the current output of each port is only related to the change of the position coordinates of the light spots, and then the position measurement is realized.
In a specific implementation mode, the invention selects the HY0202 (2D-PSD, shanghai European light) PSD, the minimum resolution distance of the PSD reaches 1 mu m, the photosensitive effective area is 15mm multiplied by 15mm, the PSD is sensitive to light waves with the wavelength of 380nm to 1100nm, the photoelectric signal response is 0.8 mu s, and an optical filter can be loaded in front of the PSD, so that the influence of illumination intensity on the service life is reduced.
The method for obtaining the output information of the PSD signal detection module comprises the following steps:
acquiring two light spot coordinates recorded after a light source is incident on a PSD signal detection module;
acquiring offset of two light spot coordinates after each time of adjusting the adjusting knob at the lower layer of the objective table, and converting the offset into an electric signal;
the electric signal is amplified and then input into an A/D converted singlechip, and the output result parameter is used as the output information of the PSD signal detection module.
In particular, in one embodiment of the invention, when the beam is incident on the PSDThe normal condition can be recorded on two main light spot coordinates, respectively recorded as (x 1 ,y 1 ) And (x) 2 ,y 2 ) Because there is always one beam coordinate changed after the stage is adjusted, the variable spot coordinate on the PSD after n times of adjustment is calculated as (x) n+2 ,y n+2 ) The distance from the two light spots to the PSD center is A and B, respectively, and after the distance is decomposed into two directions of the X-axis and the Y-axis, the distance in the X-axis direction is X, the distance in the Y-axis direction is Y, that is, the parameter of A is (X A ,Y A ) B has a parameter of (X) B ,Y B ) Is embodied in the current in the x-axis directionY-axis direction +.>
The objective table is adjusted at any time, and the coordinates (x 1 ,y 1 ) And (x) n+2 ,y n+2 ) The offset and current output have the following relation:
the offset of the two light spots before and after adjustment is converted into an electric signal, and delta I is obtained x And delta I y Is high level when positive value is obtained by taking I x And I y When the signal is positive, the signal is high level, after the two light spot position information is acquired, the obtained level signal and the clock serial number code are input into an A/D conversion singlechip for logic analysis through amplification operation, and result parameters are output; the photocurrent of PSD is amplified and normalized and then input into A/D conversion module, and is changed into level signal by logic operation, the level signal is sent to control system to provide instruction parameter and display value for the subsequent adjusting object stage plane,the workflow is shown in fig. 6.
Because the energy gap broadband of each PSD device is fixed, namely the photocurrent generated when the light spot reaches the most edge is fixed, taking the change of the photoelectric current in the x direction as an example, after the photoelectric current is converted into voltage, the maximum voltage corresponding to the maximum photocurrent is set to be 1V, and the accuracy of the converted voltage can be calculated as 1/28 approximately 0.004V through the conversion of an A/D conversion chip with 8-bit resolution, so that the minimum offset response voltage of the light spot in a certain direction on the PSD only ensures that the difference between two adjacent voltage detection outputs is minimum by 0.004V.
To prevent the coordinate signal from being disturbed, it is necessary to properly amplify the photocurrent, so that the photoelectric signal amplifying and normalizing operation module and the a/D conversion module need to design working circuits, as shown in fig. 7, X 1 ,X 2 And Y 1 ,Y 2 The four photocurrents are respectively sent to four preamplifiers, and then the normalized currents are input to the A/D converter.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the a/D converter is an AD C0809 converter, which is an 8-channel 8-bit successive approximation type a/D converter, and can input 8-port analog signals for time-sharing a/D conversion, the corresponding currents of the positions (x, y) of the light spots are respectively input into INT0 and INT1 of the ADC0809, the analog signals of the positions (x, y) are sequentially converted by controlling the a, B, C address latch ports of the ADC0809, and become level digital signals which can be distinguished and identified by the control system single chip microcomputer, and the ADC0809 conversion flow is shown in fig. 8.
When program setting is specifically carried out, firstly, the parameter of the x-axis is temporarily not adjusted, the y-axis is taken as the adjustment direction, according to the sign and the size of the current parameter of the y-axis, firstly, half of the parameter value of the y-axis is taken as the adjustment amplitude, the difference of the parameter value of the y-axis is reduced by adjusting the objective table, then the sign of the x-axis is analyzed sequentially, the parameter of the y-axis is temporarily not adjusted, and the difference of the parameter of the x-axis is reduced by adjusting the objective table by taking half of the difference of the parameter of the x-axis at the moment as the adjustment amplitude, and the circulation is repeated sequentially until two light spots on the PSD are completely overlapped at one coordinate point, namely, the voltage in the x-axis direction and the voltage in the y-axis direction are simultaneously reset.
The invention provides a new adjustment method of a spectrometer based on light path superposition, which comprises the steps of adjusting the light path superposition of two beams after a 45-degree reflector fitting is placed on the plane of an objective table, and finishing the fact that the central rotating shaft of the spectrometer is perpendicular to the plane of the objective table; meanwhile, the PSD is used for realizing the digitization of the spectrometer, and an independent photoelectric detection and conversion circuit is designed for converting the optical coordinate information into current (voltage) digital information, so that the problems that a reflection image is difficult to find, the adjustment process is complicated and the like are not generated any more in the use of the spectrometer when the spectrometer is operated, the adjustment process of the spectrometer is digitized, and the spectrometer is more convenient and faster than the direct observation of the light phenomenon by human eyes and is simple to operate.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a novel digital spectrometer, includes light path system component, objective table, telescope, collimator, PSD signal detection module, base, connecting elements and speculum, its characterized in that:
the optical path system component is in a T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure and is arranged in the rotating shaft of the spectrometer, the upper end of the optical path system component is connected with the objective table, and the lower end of the optical path system component is connected with the base of the spectrometer through a bearing; the reflector comprises a reflector M 1 Mirror M 2 A beam splitter plate G; mirror M 1 The mirror surface is parallel to the central axis of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel; the beam splitter plate G is arranged in the center of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel and is connected with the reflecting mirror M 1 A constant height; mirror M 2 The embedded mounting is arranged at the center of the objective table; the PSD signal detection module is arranged at the protruding end of one side of the T-shaped cylindrical drum structure.
2. A novel digital spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the novel data spectrometer further comprises an angle measurement and display module, and the angle measurement and display module is externally connected with the light path system component through the connecting hole.
3. Root of Chinese characterA novel digital spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: mirror M 1 The optical mirror with the length of 20mm multiplied by 2mm is adopted, and the mirror surface is parallel to the central axis of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel during installation, is perpendicular to the protruding end of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure and has the same height as the axis of the protruding end.
4. A novel digital spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the size of the mounting groove of the beam splitter G is 30mm×2mm, and the beam splitter G is connected with a reflector M 1 In a plane of 45 0 And (5) corners.
5. A novel digital spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the length of the protruding end on one side of the T-shaped cylindrical barrel structure is 40mm, the PSD signal detection module is arranged on the protruding end, and a circular optical filter with the diameter of 30mm is arranged in front of the protruding end.
6. A novel digital spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the objective table comprises two layers, wherein the upper layer is an objective table plane, and the lower layer is an installation bracket device and a table top adjusting knob.
7. A novel digital spectrometer according to claim 5, wherein: the table top adjusting knob adopts screw screwing and comprises three adjusting knobs which are distributed in a regular triangle shape, and each adjusting knob is 50mm away from the central axis of the objective table.
8. The novel adjusting method of the digital spectrometer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a novel spectrometer according to any one of claims 1-6, for adjusting the central rotation axis of the spectrometer to be perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope, comprising:
powering the PSD signal detection module and the light source to obtain output information of the PSD signal detection module, and sequentially adjusting an adjusting knob at the lower layer of the objective table until the output information of the PSD signal detection module is zero;
focusing the telescope, placing a 45-degree reflector accessory on the objective table, and adjusting the pitch angle and the position of the telescope until a reflection image of the light source in the telescope after reflection is aligned with a cross of a cross wire of the telescope.
9. The method for adjusting a novel digital spectrometer according to claim 8, wherein: and is also used for adjusting the coaxial of the telescope and the collimator:
and adjusting the slit of the collimator until parallel light is emitted, rotating the slit to the horizontal direction, and adjusting the angle of the collimator until the slit is aligned with the cross wire transverse line of the telescope.
10. A novel digital spectrometer according to claim 8, wherein: the method for obtaining the output information of the PSD signal detection module comprises the following steps:
acquiring two light spot coordinates recorded after a light source is incident on a PSD signal detection module;
acquiring offset of two light spot coordinates after each time of adjusting the adjusting knob at the lower layer of the objective table, and converting the offset into an electric signal;
the electric signal is amplified and then input into an A/D converted singlechip, and the output result parameter is used as the output information of the PSD signal detection module.
CN202310580554.2A 2023-05-23 2023-05-23 Novel digital spectrometer and adjusting method Pending CN116564168A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310580554.2A CN116564168A (en) 2023-05-23 2023-05-23 Novel digital spectrometer and adjusting method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310580554.2A CN116564168A (en) 2023-05-23 2023-05-23 Novel digital spectrometer and adjusting method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116564168A true CN116564168A (en) 2023-08-08

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310580554.2A Pending CN116564168A (en) 2023-05-23 2023-05-23 Novel digital spectrometer and adjusting method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116564168A (en)

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