CN116559033A - Mixed particle field particle size measurement method based on IPI technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed particle field particle size measuring method based on an IPI technology. The invention acquires interference defocusing images of particles by using an interference particle imaging system, realizes classification and discrimination of the interference defocusing images by using a Resnet 50 network, and performs size calculation according to classification and discrimination results. If the output result is spherical particles, fringe frequency is obtained through two-dimensional Fourier transform of interference fringe images of the spherical particles, and then the size of the spherical particles is obtained through a particle size calculation formula; if the output result is non-spherical particles, the peak width along the x and y axes is obtained through the two-dimensional autocorrelation transformation of the interference speckle image, and then the size information of the particles in the x direction and the y direction is obtained through a non-spherical particle size calculation formula. The invention can realize the measurement of the particle size of the mixed particle field and provides research foundation and technical support for the measurement of the particle size of the actual particle field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of image processing, and particularly relates to a method for acquiring particle size of a mixed particle field by using an IPI technology.
Background
Clouds are visible polymers composed of a large number of droplets and ice crystal particles suspended in the atmosphere, and are important formulators of the radiation budget of the earth's gas system. The warm cloud particles are spherical liquid drop particles, the cold cloud is non-spherical ice crystal particles, and the mixed cloud comprises the spherical liquid drop particles and the non-spherical ice crystal particles. The micro-physical information of cloud particles is obtained, so that the development and change process of the particles in the precipitation formation process are observed, and the method has an important guiding effect on the research of cloud and precipitation physics, the fine precipitation prediction and the selection of artificial precipitation operation conditions. And acquiring particle size information of the mixed particle field, and providing research foundation and technical support for measuring the particle size of the actual cloud particle field. Therefore, it is of great importance to achieve a high-precision measurement of the particle size of the mixed particle field.
The Interference Particle Imaging (IPI) technology has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, large sampling volume, high processing speed and the like, and is widely used for measuring particle size. In the measurement of particle size by utilizing an interference particle imaging technology, patent CN108593528B proposes a method for measuring the shape and size of non-spherical coarse particles based on laser interference, and according to the relationship between 2D autocorrelation transformation of a single interference defocused image and the particle size, the non-spherical particle size is obtained, and the measurement object is a single non-spherical particle; patent CN103674791a proposes a method for measuring interference particle imaging based on dual beam irradiation, which acquires interference focusing two-point images of particles through a dual beam interference imaging system, and then realizes measurement of particle size of spherical particles through template matching, autocorrelation transformation and gaussian interpolation, wherein the measurement object is a single spherical particle field; patent CN106018201a proposes "method for measuring particle size of mixed field based on mean value filtering", size information of particles in mixed spherical particle field is obtained through particle size calculation under different template coefficients, and the measurement object is spherical particles with different particle sizes. The actual cloud particle field is a mixed field of spherical and non-spherical, so that the technology can only be used for basic research, the actual measurement of the cloud particle field cannot be realized, and no particle size measurement method suitable for the mixed field of spherical and non-spherical particles is proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for measuring the particle size of a mixed particle field based on an IPI technology, which realizes high-precision measurement of the particle size of the mixed particle field and provides research foundation and technical support for measurement of the particle size of an actual cloud particle field.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for measuring the particle size of the mixed particle field based on the IPI technology comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring images, namely constructing an interference particle imaging system, and acquiring interference defocusing images of particles;
step 2, judging the shape, namely realizing classification and judgment of interference defocused images of particles in different forms by utilizing a Resnet 50 network, wherein an output result is spherical or non-spherical;
step 3, image processing, namely performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the interference fringe image to obtain fringe frequency according to the shape discrimination result in the step 2 if the output result is spherical particles; if the output result is non-spherical particles, carrying out two-dimensional autocorrelation transformation on the interference speckle image to obtain the peak widths of the interference speckle image along the x-axis and the y-axis;
step 4, calculating the size, namely obtaining the size of the spherical particles through a particle size calculation formula according to the fringe frequency obtained in the step 3 if the output result is the spherical particles; if the output result is non-spherical particles, obtaining the size information of the particles in the x direction and the y direction through a non-spherical particle size calculation formula according to the peak widths along the x and y axes obtained in the step 3.
Further, in step 4, the particle size calculation formula of the spherical particles is:
wherein d is the particle size of spherical particles, lambda is the wavelength, N is the number of fringes, alpha is the collection angle, m is the refractive index, θ is the scattering angle, N 1 Is the refractive index of the surrounding medium.
The calculation size formula of the non-spherical particles is as follows:
wherein F is the speckle frequency, delta is the distance between the two furthest glare spots in a given direction, B tot For system transfer matrix coefficients, B tot ＝z 1 +z 2 -z 1 z 2 /f，z 1 Z is the object distance of the system 2 And f is the focal length of the imaging lens of the system.
Further, the peak width in the x-direction is noted as delta based on the two-dimensional autocorrelation transformation of the interference speckle image x The peak width in the y-direction is noted as delta y . According to the formula δ=α/F, where α is a correction factor (0.9 in the present system), the speckle frequency can be obtained, and then according to the above size calculation formula, the distance between the farthest exit points in the x-direction and the y-direction, i.e. the particle size, is obtained.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention provides a mixed particle field particle size measurement method based on an IPI technology, which provides a research foundation for measuring the particle size of an actual cloud particle field.
(2) The invention can process spherical particles with different sizes and non-spherical particles with different forms, has strong generalization capability and provides technical support for the preparation of optical instruments in actual production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an interferometric particle imaging system;
FIG. 3 (a) shows one of the shape discrimination results of spherical particle interference defocused images;
FIG. 3 (b) is a second example of the result of determining the shape of the spherical particle interference defocus image;
FIG. 3 (c) is a third example of the result of determining the shape of the spherical particle interference defocus image;
FIG. 3 (d) shows one of the shape discrimination results of the non-spherical particle interference defocused image;
FIG. 3 (e) is a second example of the result of determining the shape of an interference defocused image of an aspheric particle;
FIG. 3 (f) is a third example of the result of determining the shape of an image of defocus by interference of non-spherical particles;
FIG. 4 (a) is a measurement result of the size of spherical particles having a particle diameter of 30 μm;
FIG. 4 (b) is a measurement result of the size of spherical particles having a particle diameter of 45 μm;
FIG. 4 (c) is one of the non-spherical particle size measurements;
FIG. 4 (d) is a graph showing two of the non-spherical particle size measurements.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for measuring the particle size of a mixed particle field based on an IPI technology, which has a measuring flow shown in a figure 1, and concretely comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring images, namely constructing an interference particle imaging system, and acquiring interference defocused images of particles. An interferometric particle imaging system employed in the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2. The laser 1 emits a laser beam having a wavelength of 532nm, which is expanded by the microscope objective 2, filtered by the pinhole filter 3, collimated by the collimator lens 4, and compressed into a sheet-like beam having a thickness of 1.25mm by the plano-convex cylindrical lens 5 and the plano-concave cylindrical lens 6. Wherein the focal length of the plano-convex cylindrical lens is f=200 mm, and the focal length of the plano-concave cylindrical lens is f= -9.7mm. The focal length of the imaging lens 8 is 50mm, and the aperture is 27.78mm. The effective pixel number of the CCD camera 9 is 3320×2496 pixels, and the pixel size is 5.5 μm. The IPI system has an object distance of 100mm, an image distance of 100mm, a magnification of 1 and a scattering angle of 90 degrees;
the particles to be tested are polystyrene spherical particles and sand grains, and are placed in a sample cell 7 containing deionized water in the experimental process;
and 2, judging the shape, namely, utilizing a Resnet 50 network to realize classification and judgment of interference defocusing images of particles in different forms, wherein an output result is spherical or non-spherical, and a judgment result is shown in figure 3. Fig. 3 (a) - (c) are spherical particle discrimination results, and fig. 3 (d) - (f) are non-spherical particle discrimination results;
step 3, image processing, namely performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the interference fringe image to obtain fringe frequency according to the shape discrimination result in the step 2 if the output result is spherical particles; if the output result is non-spherical particles, carrying out two-dimensional autocorrelation transformation on the interference speckle image to obtain the peak widths of the interference speckle image along the x-axis and the y-axis;
step 4, calculating the size, namely obtaining the size of the spherical particles through a particle size calculation formula according to the fringe frequency obtained in the step 3 if the output result is the spherical particles; if the output result is non-spherical particles, obtaining the size information of the particles in the x direction and the y direction through a non-spherical particle size calculation formula according to the peak widths along the x and y axes obtained in the step 3. The measurement results are shown in fig. 4. Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are spherical particle size measurements of 30 μm and 45 μm in particle size, respectively, and fig. 4 (c) and 4 (d) are two non-spherical particle size measurements, respectively.
The particle size calculation formula of the spherical particles is as follows:
wherein d is the particle size of spherical particles, lambda is the wavelength, N is the number of fringes, alpha is the collection angle, m is the refractive index, θ is the scattering angle, N 1 Is the refractive index of the surrounding medium.
The calculation size formula of the non-spherical particles is as follows:
wherein F is the speckle frequency, delta is the distance between the two furthest glare spots in a given direction, B tot For system transfer matrix coefficients, B tot ＝z 1 +z 2 -z 1 z 2 /f，z 1 Z is the object distance of the system 2 And f is the focal length of the imaging lens of the system.
Further, the peak value in the x-direction is converted according to the two-dimensional autocorrelation of the interference speckle imageThe width is recorded as delta x The peak width in the y-direction is noted as delta y . According to the formula δ=α/F, where α is a correction factor (0.9 in the present system), the speckle frequency can be obtained, and then according to the above size calculation formula, the distance between the farthest exit points in the x-direction and the y-direction, i.e. the particle size, is obtained.
Claims (4)
1. A method for measuring particle size of a mixed particle field based on an IPI technology, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: image acquisition, namely building an interference particle imaging system, and acquiring interference defocusing images of particles;
step 2: shape discrimination, namely, utilizing a Resnet 50 network to realize classification discrimination of interference defocused images of particles in different forms, and outputting spherical or non-spherical results;
step 3: image processing, namely performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the interference fringe image to obtain fringe frequency of the interference fringe image if the output result is spherical particles according to the shape discrimination result in the step 2; if the output result is non-spherical particles, carrying out two-dimensional autocorrelation transformation on the interference speckle image to obtain the peak widths of the interference speckle image along the x-axis and the y-axis;
step 4: calculating the size, if the output result is spherical particles, obtaining the size of the spherical particles through a particle size calculation formula according to the fringe frequency obtained in the step 3; if the output result is non-spherical particles, obtaining the size information of the particles in the x direction and the y direction through a non-spherical particle size calculation formula according to the peak widths along the x and y axes obtained in the step 3.
2. The IPI technology based hybrid particle field particle size measurement method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the particle size calculation formula of the spherical particles is as follows:
wherein d is the particle size of spherical particles, lambda is the wavelength, N is the number of stripes, alphaFor collection angle, m is refractive index, θ is scattering angle, n 1 Refractive index of surrounding medium;
the calculation size formula of the non-spherical particles is as follows:
wherein F is the speckle frequency, delta is the distance between the two furthest glare spots in a given direction, B tot For system transfer matrix coefficients, B tot ＝z 1 +z 2 -z 1 z 2 /f，z 1 Z is the object distance of the system 2 And f is the focal length of the imaging lens of the system.
3. The IPI technology based hybrid particle field particle size measurement method according to claim 1, wherein: in step 4, the peak width in the x-direction is noted as delta based on the two-dimensional autocorrelation transformation of the interference speckle image x The peak width in the y-direction is noted as delta y According to the formula delta=alpha/F, wherein alpha is a correction factor, F is a speckle frequency, the speckle frequency is obtained, and then according to the size calculation formula, the distance between the farthest emergent points in the x direction and the y direction, namely the particle size, is obtained.
4. A hybrid particle field particle size measurement method based on IPI technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step 4, α in the formula δ=α/F is 0.9.
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