CN116556839A - Laser drilling machine and method for continuous and rapid drilling - Google Patents
Laser drilling machine and method for continuous and rapid drilling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116556839A CN116556839A CN202310474687.1A CN202310474687A CN116556839A CN 116556839 A CN116556839 A CN 116556839A CN 202310474687 A CN202310474687 A CN 202310474687A CN 116556839 A CN116556839 A CN 116556839A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- drilling
- transmission channel
- slag discharging
- drill rod
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
- E21B15/04—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for directional drilling, e.g. slant hole rigs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
Abstract
The invention provides a laser drilling machine and a method for continuous and rapid drilling, comprising a drilling tool mounting seat for mounting a laser-mechanical combined drilling tool; the laser-mechanical combined drilling tool comprises a laser drilling tool and a mechanical drilling tool, wherein the mechanical drilling tool comprises a drill bit, a drill rod and a power mechanism, one end of the drill rod is connected with the drill bit, and the other end of the drill rod is connected with the power mechanism; the laser drilling tool comprises a laser head, a pump unit and a laser, wherein the laser provides laser for the laser head, the laser head is arranged inside a drill rod, a laser transmission channel is arranged on the periphery of the laser head, a one-way output valve is arranged at the front end of the laser transmission channel, and the pump unit is used for generating high-pressure medium and transmitting the high-pressure medium to the laser transmission channel. The invention can realize the laser-mechanical synchronous rock breaking, saves the step-changing time required by step-by-step rock breaking, greatly improves the engineering construction efficiency, and saves the time and the economic cost of site construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser drilling machines, and particularly relates to a laser drilling machine and a method for continuously and rapidly drilling.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The engineering driller is one of the most widely used mechanical equipment in engineering construction, and has great advantages in engineering construction, however, the engineering driller faces great challenges in efficient and rapid construction, and in tunnel and underground engineering, the drilling efficiency of the geological driller is low for medium hardness (uniaxial compressive strength is more than 60 MPa) and above, the drilling per hour is generally less than 3m, the normal construction time is greatly occupied, and the application of the hundred-meter drilling method is limited.
Under the background, a new generation of auxiliary rock breaking concept based on novel rock breaking means such as laser, water jet, microwave, particles and the like is proposed and becomes a research hot spot and a technological front in the field of international engineering drilling. Among the novel rock breaking modes, the laser technology has the advantages of low energy efficiency and easiness in implementation, and has a richer practical foundation in the field of petroleum engineering, and is considered to be a very potential auxiliary rock breaking method. The prior researches show that the laser-assisted drilling construction can effectively improve the rock breaking efficiency, and the drilling speed can reach more than 10 times of that of the traditional drilling machine. Under the assistance of laser, the drilling efficiency can be greatly improved, the service lives of a drill bit and a drill rod can be prolonged, and disaster accidents such as drill sticking and abnormal abrasion can be effectively avoided. Therefore, the high-energy laser assisted rock breaking technology has high research and application value in the engineering drilling field.
The patent with the publication number of CN115142795A discloses a laser-assisted geological drilling machine and a non-submerged construction process thereof, which provides a device for damping laser head and realizing laser emission angle adjustment, solves the vibration problem of the laser head, and provides the non-submerged construction process of the laser drilling machine to solve the high-efficiency transmission problem of laser.
However, the above patent still has the following problems:
(1) The laser drilling machine adopts a step-by-step drilling construction process, and the drilling speed of the drilling machine with a drilling distance of hundred meters or more is difficult to improve due to the influence of step change time;
(2) The problem of efficient transmission of laser in dust and rock debris environment during laser-mechanical continuous tunneling of a laser drilling machine is not considered;
(3) The problem that the laser head is damaged by the slag discharging liquid backflow of the rock slag and the rock scraps carried by the laser drilling machine during laser-mechanical continuous tunneling is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a laser drilling machine and a method for continuous and rapid drilling, which can realize laser-mechanical synchronous rock breaking, save the step changing time required by step-by-step rock breaking, greatly improve the engineering construction efficiency and save the time and the economic cost of site construction.
According to some embodiments, the present invention employs the following technical solutions:
a laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling, comprising:
the drilling tool mounting seat is used for mounting a laser-mechanical combined drilling tool;
the laser-mechanical combined drilling tool comprises a laser drilling tool and a mechanical drilling tool, wherein the mechanical drilling tool comprises a drill bit, a drill rod and a power mechanism, one end of the drill rod is connected with the drill bit, and the other end of the drill rod is connected with the power mechanism;
the laser drilling tool comprises a laser head, a pump unit and a laser, wherein the laser provides laser for the laser head, the laser head is arranged inside a drill rod, a laser transmission channel is arranged on the periphery of the laser head, a one-way output valve is arranged at the front end of the laser transmission channel, and the pump unit is used for generating high-pressure medium and transmitting the high-pressure medium to the laser transmission channel.
As an alternative embodiment, the slag discharging device also comprises a slag discharging medium pump set and a slag discharging medium transmission channel, wherein the slag discharging medium pump set is used for generating high-pressure slag discharging medium, is transmitted to a deslagging medium transmission channel by a deslagging pipeline, the deslagging medium transmission channel is sleeved on the outer sides of the laser transmission channel and the one-way output valve.
Further, the deslagging medium transmission channel, the laser transmission channel and the drill rod are coaxially arranged.
As an alternative embodiment, the drill rod and the laser transmission channel are coaxially arranged.
As an alternative implementation manner, the laser is arranged at the top of the fixed circular tube, and the fixed circular tube, the laser transmission channel and the drill rod are coaxially arranged and do not rotate together with the drill rod.
As an alternative embodiment, the drilling tool mounting seat is arranged on the moving mechanism, and is arranged on the moving mechanism through an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is used for realizing adjustment of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the drilling tool mounting seat and angle adjustment.
Alternatively, the power mechanism is used for driving the drill rod to drive the drill bit to rotate for breaking rock.
As an alternative embodiment, the high-pressure medium is generated by a high-pressure pump stack unit and is conveyed via a high-pressure medium conveying line into a laser conveying channel located inside the drill rod.
As an alternative implementation mode, the front end of the laser transmission channel is gradually contracted, the diameter is smaller and smaller, the end part is provided with a containing cavity, and a one-way output valve is arranged in the containing cavity.
As an alternative embodiment, the unidirectional output valve includes a baffle plate and a spring, one end of the spring is abutted on the inner wall of the laser transmission channel, the other end of the spring is abutted on the baffle plate, one end of the baffle plate contacts with one side inner wall of the laser transmission channel, and the other end contacts with the other side inner wall of the laser transmission channel.
As an alternative implementation mode, the laser head is replaceable, and by changing laser heads of different types, the energy distribution form of laser is changed, the relative position of the laser head and the drill bit is changed, the diameter of a light spot is adjusted, continuous laser and pulse laser conversion is realized by combining with switching of a laser, and the laser is adjusted to set different laser rock breaking parameters.
The working method based on the laser drilling machine comprises the following steps:
synchronous rock breaking or independent rock breaking is carried out by using a laser-mechanical combined drilling tool;
when the high-pressure medium is output, the high-pressure medium pushes the one-way output valve to be opened to form a passage, and the laser works and emits high-energy laser to break rock; when the high-pressure medium stops outputting, the one-way output valve is closed, so that rock slag is prevented from entering.
When the slag is discharged by drilling slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas, the slag discharging medium pump set generates slag discharging medium, the slag discharging medium is input between the drill rod and the laser transmission channel, and the slag and the rock scraps generated by carrying broken rock are output through the slag discharging channel outside the drill rod at the drill bit position.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention fully considers the problems of slow drilling speed and low construction efficiency of the existing geological drilling machine in the engineering construction process, so that the drilling construction of a hundred-meter-level drilling machine is difficult to widely apply.
In the laser-mechanical synchronous rock breaking process, the high-energy laser has greatly reduced transmission efficiency in dust, rock debris and other polluted environments due to dust, rock debris and other polluted environments generated by mechanical rock breaking of the drill bit, and greatly influences the laser rock breaking efficiency. The invention utilizes a high-pressure medium (high-pressure water or high-pressure air) to assist the laser high-efficiency transmission device, the center of the drill rod is provided with the laser transmission channel, the laser head is arranged in the laser transmission channel, when the laser works, the high-pressure medium (high-pressure water or high-pressure air) is introduced into the laser transmission channel, the high-energy laser is efficiently transmitted to the surface of the rock mass under the guidance of the high-pressure medium (high-pressure water or high-pressure air) and is used for assisting the drill bit to break rock, and the problem that the conventional laser transmission mode is low in the rock dust breaking and rock debris environment of the drilling machine is solved.
The invention designs the one-way output valve for preventing slag discharge liquid carrying rock slag and rock scraps from flowing back to the laser transmission channel, thereby damaging the laser head lens group. When drilling and breaking rock, the slag is discharged by drilling slag discharging liquid or gas, the drilling slag discharging liquid or gas is input between the drill rod and the laser transmission channel, and the slag and the rock scraps generated by carrying and breaking the rock are output through the slag discharging channel at the outer side of the drill rod at the position of the drill bit, so that the circulating slag discharging function is finally completed.
The laser drilling machine provided by the invention has a wide application range, and can support rotation of multiple rock breaking modes according to different geological conditions, such as pure mechanical rock breaking, pure laser rock breaking, laser mechanical synchronous rock breaking, laser-mechanical distributed rock breaking and the like.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the laser-mechanical drilling tool shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the one-way output valve shown in FIG. 2;
the various references in the drawings are as follows:
1. a slag discharging medium pump set; 2. a slag discharge pipeline; 3. a laser; 4. an optical fiber; 5. a pump unit; 6. a high pressure medium transmission line; 7. a drilling tool mounting seat; 8. a power mechanism; 9. a drill rod; 10. a drill bit; 11. a rock face;
101. the laser head is used for fixing the round tube; 102. a laser transmission channel; 103. a deslagging medium transmission channel; 104. a laser head; 105. a one-way output valve;
1051. a baffle; 1052. and (3) a spring.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention proposes a laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling, comprising:
the drilling tool mounting seat 7 is used for mounting and fixing a laser-mechanical combined drilling tool;
the drill rod 9, one end of the drill rod is connected with the drill bit 10 through threads, the other end of the drill rod is connected with the power mechanism 8 and used for transmitting power to drive the drill bit 10 to rotate so as to break the front rock face 11;
the deslagging medium pump set 1 is used for generating high-pressure deslagging medium, and the high-pressure deslagging medium is transmitted to the deslagging medium transmission channel 103 through the deslagging pipeline 2;
a laser 1, wherein the laser 1 is used for generating laser and transmitting the laser to a laser head through an optical fiber 2;
a pump unit 3 for generating a high pressure medium and transmitting it from the high pressure medium transmission line 6 to the laser transmission channel 102;
the laser head is used for fixing the round tube 101 and the laser head 104, so as to solve the problem of dynamic and static separation of the drill rod 9 and the laser head 104;
the unidirectional output valve 105 is composed of a baffle 1051 and a spring 1052, and high-pressure medium in the drill rod 9 flows unidirectionally to prevent dust and rock debris from being adsorbed to the laser head 104, so that the laser head 104 is damaged.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the drill body is composed of a drill mount 7, a power mechanism 8, a drill rod 9, and a drill bit 10. One end of the drill rod is connected with the drill bit 10 through threads, the other end of the drill rod is connected with the power mechanism 8, and under the action of the power mechanism 8, the drill rod 9 drives the drill bit 10 to rotate so as to break the front rock face 11; the laser-mechanical combined drilling tool is integrally mounted on the drilling tool mounting seat 7.
The power mechanism, the drill bit and other structures can be selected from the existing equipment, and are not described in detail herein.
The drilling tool mounting seat can swing up and down, left and right and at an angle, so that the full-space and multi-angle drilling position adjustment of the drilling machine is realized. Of course, this requires, for example, the cooperation of an angle adjusting mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a moving mechanism, and the above-mentioned structures can be applied to the prior art, and are not described herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the slag discharging system is composed of a slag discharging medium pump set 1, a slag discharging pipeline 2 and a slag discharging medium transmission channel 103. When drilling and breaking rock, slag is discharged by slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas, the slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas is generated by a slag discharging medium pump set 1, is input into a slag discharging medium transmission channel 103 in a drill rod 9 by a slag discharging pipeline 2, then flows through the position of a drill bit 10 and carries rock slag and rock scraps generated by breaking the rock to be output outside the drill rod, and the circulation slag discharging function is completed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the laser system is composed of a laser 3, an optical fiber 4, a laser head fixing round tube 101, and a laser head 104. During drilling rock breaking, a high-energy laser is needed to assist the mechanical drill bit to break the rock, laser light is generated by the laser 3 and transmitted to the laser head 104 through the optical fiber, the laser head is arranged in the laser transmission channel 102, the laser head is fixedly connected with the round pipe 101, the drill rod 9 drives the drill bit 10 to rotate to break the rock in the rock breaking process, the round pipe 101 is fixedly fixed by the laser head, the laser head 104 is static, the dynamic and static separation problem between the drill rod 9 and the laser head 104, which occurs during laser-mechanical synchronous drilling, is solved, and the optical fiber 4 is prevented from being twisted and broken.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the high-pressure medium-assisted laser high-efficiency delivery system is composed of a high-pressure pump group 5, a high-pressure medium delivery line 6, and a laser delivery channel 102. In the rock breaking process, since the drill bit 10 mechanically breaks rock to generate a large amount of dust and rock fragments, the transmission efficiency of high-energy laser in the dust and rock fragment environment is greatly reduced, and in order to solve the above problems, the laser rock breaking efficiency is improved by adopting a way that a high-pressure medium forms a clean passage. The high-pressure medium is generated by the high-pressure pump set 5, is transmitted into the laser transmission channel 102 positioned in the drill rod 9 through the high-pressure medium transmission pipeline 6, is finally transmitted to the rock face 11 through the drill bit 10, and under the action of the high-pressure medium, the laser transmission channel 102 and the rock face 11 section form a clean passage through which laser is transmitted to the rock face 11, so that the laser rock breaking efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the laser head 105 is protected by using a unidirectional output valve, where the unidirectional output valve 105 is located at the front end of the laser transmission channel 102, and mainly functions to make a medium in the drill pipe 9 flow unidirectionally, so as to prevent slag liquid carrying rock slag and rock debris from flowing back to the laser transmission channel 102, and damage the laser head 104. When drilling and breaking rock, slag liquid or slag gas carrying rock slag and rock scraps flows back to the drill rod 9 due to the impact of the drilling slag liquid or slag gas on the rock mass or the blocking of a slag discharge channel, and influences the laser transmission efficiency and the service life of a laser head, and the unidirectional output valve 105 is designed in the embodiment for preventing the drilling slag liquid or slag gas from flowing back to the laser transmission channel 102. A one-way output valve 105 is provided at the outlet of the laser transmission channel 102.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the unidirectional output valve 105 is composed of a baffle 1051 and a spring 1052, when the drilling machine drills to break rock, the high-pressure pump set 5 generates high-pressure medium, the high-pressure medium is transmitted into the laser transmission channel 102 through the high-pressure medium transmission pipeline 6, the high-pressure medium pushes the baffle 1051 in the unidirectional output valve 105 to open so as to form a passage, and the laser 3 works and emits high-energy laser to break rock; when the drilling machine stops breaking rock, the high-pressure pump set 5 is closed, the baffle 1051 arranged in the unidirectional output valve 102 is closed under the elastic force of the spring 1052, and slag liquid or slag gas carrying rock slag and rock scraps cannot enter the laser transmission pipeline 102 through the unidirectional output valve 105, so that the lens set of the laser head 104 is protected.
As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments of the present invention, the baffle 1051 has a certain length, and one end abuts against the inner wall of one side of the laser transmission channel 102, and the other end abuts against the inner wall of the other side of the laser transmission channel 102. The shape of the flaps 1051 can be various, such as arcuate, wavy, rectangular, etc. One end of the spring 1052 abuts against the inner wall of the laser transmission path 102, and the other end abuts against the blocking piece 1051.
The embodiment can switch various drilling rock breaking modes by changing the laser-mechanical matching mode, including the following rock breaking modes:
(1) Purely mechanical drilling rock breaking mode: the laser 3 and the high-pressure pump set 5 are closed, the deslagging medium pump set 1 generates deslagging liquid or deslagging gas, the deslagging liquid or the deslagging gas is input into the deslagging medium transmission channel 103 in the drill rod 9 through the deslagging pipeline 2, then flows through the position of the drill bit 10, the power mechanism 8 works, the drill rod 9 drives the drill bit 10 to rotate to break rock, at the moment, the deslagging liquid or the deslagging gas flowing through the position of the drill bit 10 carries rock debris and rock slag to be discharged through the deslagging channel on the outer side of the drill rod, and the drilling machine only relies on pure machinery to break rock.
(2) The rock breaking mode of pure laser drilling: the slag discharging medium pump set 1, the power mechanism 8 does not work, the drill rod 9 and the drill bit 10 remain stationary, the laser 3 generates laser and transmits the laser to the laser head 104 through the optical fiber, the high-pressure pump set 5 generates high-pressure medium and transmits the high-pressure medium to the laser transmission channel 102 positioned in the drill rod 9 through the high-pressure medium transmission pipeline 6, the high-pressure medium is finally transmitted to the rock face 11 through the drill bit 10, a clean passage is formed from the laser transmission channel 102 to the rock face 11 under the action of the high-pressure medium, the laser is transmitted to the rock face 11 through the passage, and the drilling machine breaks rock only by means of the pure laser.
(3) The laser mechanical synchronous drilling rock breaking mode comprises the following steps: the drilling machine starts to work, the laser 3 generates laser and transmits the laser to the laser head 104 through an optical fiber, the high-pressure pump set 5 generates high-pressure medium and transmits the high-pressure medium to the laser transmission channel 102 positioned in the drill rod 9 through the high-pressure medium transmission pipeline 6, and finally the high-pressure medium is transmitted to the rock face 11 through the drill bit 10.
Under the action of a high-pressure medium, the laser transmission channel 102 forms a clean passage to the rock face 11 section, and laser is transmitted to the rock face 11 through the passage; the slag discharging medium pump set 1 generates slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas, the slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas is input into the slag discharging medium transmission channel 103 in the drill stem 9 through the slag discharging pipeline 2, then flows through the position of the drill bit 10, the power mechanism 8 works, the drill stem 9 drives the drill bit 10 to rotate to break rock, at the moment, the slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas flowing through the position of the drill bit 10 carries rock debris and rock slag to be discharged through the slag discharging channel on the outer side of the drill stem, the drill bit 10 and high-energy laser simultaneously act on the rock surface 11, and the drill machine synchronously drills to break rock by means of laser-machinery.
(4) The laser mechanical pre-damage drilling rock breaking mode comprises the following steps: the slag discharging medium pump set 1, the power mechanism 8 does not work, the drill rod 9 and the drill bit 10 are kept static, the laser 3 generates laser and transmits the laser to the laser head 104 through the optical fiber, the high-pressure pump set 5 generates high-pressure medium and transmits the high-pressure medium to the laser transmission channel 102 positioned in the drill rod 9 through the high-pressure medium transmission pipeline 6, and finally the high-pressure medium is transmitted to the rock face 11 through the drill bit 10.
Under the action of high-pressure medium, the laser transmission channel 102 forms a clean channel to the rock face 11 section, laser is transmitted to the rock face 11 through the channel, a drilling machine firstly causes thermal removal and cracking, such as melting holes, hot crack nets and the like, on the rock face 11 under the action of laser heat, then the laser 3 and the high-pressure pump set 5 are closed, the slag discharging medium pump set 1 generates slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas, the slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas is input into the slag discharging medium transmission channel 103 in the drill rod 9 through the slag discharging pipeline 2 and then flows through the position of the drill bit 10, the power mechanism 8 works, the drill rod 9 drives the drill bit 10 to rotate to break rock, at the moment, the slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas flowing through the position of the drill bit 10 carries rock chips and rock slag to be discharged from the slag discharging channel on the outer side of the drill rod, the rock face 11 after laser pre-damage is broken by means of the drill bit 10, and the drilling machine drills to break rock by means of laser mechanical pre-damage.
In the above test method, the laser heads 104 of different types can be replaced to change the energy distribution form of the laser, the relative positions of the laser heads 104 and the drill bit 10 can be changed to adjust the spot diameter, the types of the lasers 3 can be switched to realize continuous laser and pulse laser conversion, the lasers 3 can be adjusted to set different laser rock breaking parameters, and in addition, the laser mechanical pre-damage rock breaking and the laser mechanical synchronous rock breaking method can be mixed for use.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. which do not require the inventive effort by those skilled in the art, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling, comprising:
the drilling tool mounting seat is used for mounting a laser-mechanical combined drilling tool;
the laser-mechanical combined drilling tool comprises a laser drilling tool and a mechanical drilling tool, wherein the mechanical drilling tool comprises a drill bit, a drill rod and a power mechanism, one end of the drill rod is connected with the drill bit, and the other end of the drill rod is connected with the power mechanism;
the laser drilling tool comprises a laser head, a pump unit and a laser, wherein the laser provides laser for the laser head, the laser head is arranged inside a drill rod, a laser transmission channel is arranged on the periphery of the laser head, a one-way output valve is arranged at the front end of the laser transmission channel, and the pump unit is used for generating high-pressure medium and transmitting the high-pressure medium to the laser transmission channel.
2. The laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling according to claim 1, further comprising a slag discharging medium pump set and a slag discharging medium transmission channel, wherein the slag discharging medium pump set is used for generating high-pressure slag discharging medium, the high-pressure slag discharging medium is transmitted to the slag discharging medium transmission channel through a slag discharging pipeline, and the slag discharging medium transmission channel is sleeved outside the laser transmission channel and the one-way output valve.
3. A continuous fast drilling laser drilling machine according to claim 2, wherein the slag discharging medium transmission channel and the laser transmission channel and the drill rod are coaxially arranged.
4. A continuous fast drilling laser drilling machine according to claim 1, wherein the drill rod and the laser transmission channel are coaxially arranged.
5. The laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling according to claim 1, wherein the laser is arranged on top of a fixed circular tube, and the fixed circular tube is arranged coaxially with the laser transmission channel and the drill rod and does not rotate together with the drill rod.
6. The laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling according to claim 1, wherein the drilling tool mounting seat is arranged on the moving mechanism, and is arranged on the moving mechanism through an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is used for realizing adjustment of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the drilling tool mounting seat and angle adjustment.
7. A continuous fast drilling laser drilling machine according to claim 1, wherein the high pressure medium is generated by a high pressure pump stack unit and is conveyed via a high pressure medium conveying line into a laser conveying channel located inside the drill rod.
8. The laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the laser transmission channel is gradually contracted, the diameter is smaller and smaller, the end part is provided with a containing cavity, and a one-way output valve is arranged in the containing cavity.
9. The laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling according to claim 1, wherein the one-way output valve comprises a baffle plate and a spring, one end of the spring is abutted against the inner wall of the laser transmission channel, the other end of the spring is abutted against the baffle plate, one end of the baffle plate contacts with one side inner wall of the laser transmission channel, and the other end of the baffle plate contacts with the other side inner wall of the laser transmission channel.
10. The laser drilling machine for continuous and rapid drilling according to claim 1, wherein the laser head is replaceable, the laser head is replaced by changing the laser head of different types to change the energy distribution form of the laser, the relative position of the laser head and the drill bit is changed to adjust the spot diameter, the laser is switched to realize continuous laser and pulse laser conversion, and the laser is adjusted to set different laser rock breaking parameters.
11. A method of operating a laser drilling machine according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized by the steps of:
synchronous rock breaking or independent rock breaking is carried out by using a laser-mechanical combined drilling tool;
when the high-pressure medium is output, the high-pressure medium pushes the one-way output valve to be opened to form a passage, and the laser works and emits high-energy laser to break rock; when the high-pressure medium stops outputting, the one-way output valve is closed, so that rock slag is prevented from entering.
12. The working method of claim 11, wherein when slag is required to be discharged by drilling slag discharging liquid or slag discharging gas, the slag discharging medium pump set generates slag discharging medium, the slag discharging medium is input between the drill rod and the laser transmission channel, and the slag and the rock scraps generated by carrying broken rock are output through the slag discharging channel outside the drill rod at the drill bit position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310474687.1A CN116556839A (en) | 2023-04-24 | 2023-04-24 | Laser drilling machine and method for continuous and rapid drilling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310474687.1A CN116556839A (en) | 2023-04-24 | 2023-04-24 | Laser drilling machine and method for continuous and rapid drilling |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116556839A true CN116556839A (en) | 2023-08-08 |
Family
ID=87499345
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310474687.1A Pending CN116556839A (en) | 2023-04-24 | 2023-04-24 | Laser drilling machine and method for continuous and rapid drilling |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116556839A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100078414A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | Gas Technology Institute | Laser assisted drilling |
| CN111911080A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-10 | 西南石油大学 | Laser-mechanical combined rock breaking power drilling tool |
| CN112627836A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 山东大学 | Advanced laser drilling machine carried on TBM and working method |
| CN115142793A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-04 | 山东大学 | Laser-mechanical combined drilling tool and laser-mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system |
-
2023
- 2023-04-24 CN CN202310474687.1A patent/CN116556839A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100078414A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | Gas Technology Institute | Laser assisted drilling |
| CN111911080A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-10 | 西南石油大学 | Laser-mechanical combined rock breaking power drilling tool |
| CN112627836A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 山东大学 | Advanced laser drilling machine carried on TBM and working method |
| CN115142793A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-04 | 山东大学 | Laser-mechanical combined drilling tool and laser-mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105401879A (en) | Rotary drilling machine for reverse-circulation pneumatic down hole hammer and construction method for rotary drilling machine | |
| WO2022127090A1 (en) | Microwave rock breaking drilling device | |
| CN111058763A (en) | Laser drilling rock breaking device and method | |
| US6910542B1 (en) | Acoustic flow pulsing apparatus and method for drill string | |
| CN216642002U (en) | Device for rapidly drilling hard rock | |
| CN116556839A (en) | Laser drilling machine and method for continuous and rapid drilling | |
| CN111594039A (en) | Large-diameter combined type air reverse circulation down-the-hole hammer | |
| CN115142793B (en) | Laser mechanical combined drilling tool and laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system | |
| CN214463869U (en) | Microwave rock breaking and drilling device | |
| CN115949340A (en) | Drilling tool combination for air impact directional drilling and application | |
| CN115788307A (en) | Drilling tool with coupled two-stage drill bit and vibration impact and high-pressure pulse jet | |
| CN113997205B (en) | High-voltage pulse abrasive jet flow generation device and method | |
| CN205154009U (en) | Anti - pneumatic downhole hammer of circulation digs rig soon | |
| CN101338650B (en) | Pre-mixed abrasive high pressure water-jet boring device | |
| CN112177539B (en) | Drill bit with hydraulic fracturing function | |
| CN115142795B (en) | Laser-assisted geological drilling machine and non-submerged construction process thereof | |
| JPH0693787A (en) | Rock drill | |
| KR100372049B1 (en) | Perforator by using a crane | |
| CN210917533U (en) | Rock digging reamer utilizing air compression impact to assist in crushing | |
| CA2354994C (en) | Acoustic flow pulsing apparatus and method for drill string | |
| CN207795050U (en) | A kind of frequency low-amplitude complex vibration impactor | |
| KR100205694B1 (en) | Pneumatic down hole type base rock drill and pneumatic hammer used to this | |
| CN2601294Y (en) | Impact viberating drilling appts. | |
| CN111395951A (en) | Heavy-calibre reverse circulation impact system | |
| CN114293915B (en) | Device and method for rapidly drilling hard rock |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |