CN116555695A - Low-friction coating for aluminum alloy cylinder body and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-friction coating for aluminum alloy cylinder body and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116555695A CN116555695A CN202310497532.XA CN202310497532A CN116555695A CN 116555695 A CN116555695 A CN 116555695A CN 202310497532 A CN202310497532 A CN 202310497532A CN 116555695 A CN116555695 A CN 116555695A
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 21
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/073—Metallic material containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Abstract
The application provides a low-friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder body and a preparation method thereof; the low-friction coating comprises a bonding layer and a surface functional layer which are stacked on the surface of the cylinder body; wherein the surface functional layer comprises Fe314, fe316 and 316L, cr 3 C 2 、MoS 2 、Dy 2 O 3 、Gd 2 O 3 WC, tiC, tiN, BN, zrO and FeAlCr; the bonding layer is FeNiCoCrAlY. The low-friction coating provided by the application is prepared in the aluminum alloy cylinder body, so that a cast iron cylinder sleeve structure can be eliminated, and the coating is light and meanwhileThe friction coefficient and the abrasion loss of the piston ring are smaller than those of the cast iron cylinder sleeve, so that the fuel economy of the engine is improved; the bonding strength of the low-friction coating is more than or equal to 35MPa, and the microhardness is more than or equal to 400HV.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of cylinder body processing, in particular to a low-friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder body and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cylinder block (or cylinder liner) and the piston ring are an important pair of friction pairs in the engine, particularly at the top dead center of the cylinder block (or cylinder liner), and a good lubricating oil film cannot be formed due to the position being a lean oil area, so that the problem of friction and abrasion is serious. Most of the cylinder body materials adopted in the engine products in the market at present are cast iron, and aluminum alloy is adopted to replace cast iron as the cylinder body material, so that the weight of the whole engine can be obviously reduced. However, the aluminum alloy matrix is poor in wear resistance, and for this reason, the aluminum alloy cylinder needs to be processed to improve its wear resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
It is a first object of the present application to provide a low friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder. The low-friction coating is prepared on the aluminum alloy cylinder body, so that a cast iron cylinder sleeve structure can be omitted, the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss of the coating and the piston ring are smaller than those of the cast iron cylinder sleeve while the light weight is realized, and the fuel economy of an engine is improved. The bonding strength of the low-friction coating is more than or equal to 35MPa, and the microhardness is more than or equal to 400HV.
A second object of the present application is to provide a method for preparing a low friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder.
In order to achieve the first object, the present application adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a low friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder body consists of a surface functional layer and a bonding layer;
the surface workThe energy layer comprises Fe314, fe316 and 316L, cr 3 C 2 、MoS 2 、Dy 2 O 3 、Gd 2 O 3 WC, tiC, tiN, BN, zrO and FeAlCr.
The bonding layer is FeNiCoCrAlY.
As an embodiment, the surface functional layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass, based on the percentage by mass of the surface functional layer being 100%:
as an embodiment, all components of the surface functional layer and the bonding layer are present in powder form.
As one embodiment, the thickness of the surface functional layer is 0.2 to 0.3mm.
As one embodiment, the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.08-0.15mm.
To achieve the second object of the present application, the present application provides a method for preparing a low friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder, comprising the steps of:
1) Spraying the raw material powder of the bonding layer to the inner surface of the cylinder body to form the bonding layer;
2) Preparing mixed powder according to the content of each component in the surface functional layer, and spraying the mixed powder on the surface of the bonding layer to form the surface functional layer on the bonding layer;
3) And grinding the surface of the surface functional layer by adopting grinding particles.
As an embodiment, in step 1) and step 2), the spraying is atmospheric plasma thermal spraying.
In one embodiment, in step 1), the bonding layer has a thickness of 0.08 to 0.15mm.
In one embodiment, in step 2), the surface functional layer has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.3mm.
As an embodiment, in step 1) and step 2), the spray gun power of the spraying is 19-23kW.
As an embodiment, in step 1) and step 2), the spraying interval is 75-85mm.
As an embodiment, in step 1) and step 2), the spray gun speed of the spray coating is 150-200rpm.
In one embodiment, in step 3), the abrasive particles are silicon carbide particles.
In one embodiment, in step 3), the milling time is 10 to 30 minutes.
Any range recited herein includes any numerical value recited between, and any subrange formed by, any numerical value recited between, or any numerical value recited between, the endpoints.
Unless otherwise indicated, all starting materials herein are commercially available, and the equipment used in the present invention may be conventional in the art or may be constructed in accordance with the prior art.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has at least the following beneficial effects:
the low-friction coating provided by the application consists of a surface functional layer and a bonding layer, wherein the surface functional layer consists of Fe314 alloy, feAlCr and other materials; the bonding layer has the function of improving the bonding force between the surface functional layer and the aluminum alloy matrix; the low-friction coating provided by the application is prepared on the aluminum alloy cylinder body, so that a cast iron cylinder sleeve structure can be eliminated, the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss of the coating and the piston ring are smaller than those of the cast iron cylinder sleeve while the light weight is realized, and the fuel economy of an engine is improved; the bonding strength of the low-friction coating is more than or equal to 35MPa, and the microhardness is more than or equal to 400HV.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a TEM topography of a surface functional layer prepared according to the preparation method provided in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 shows a TEM topography of a bonding layer prepared according to the preparation method provided in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 shows a graph of the coefficient of friction of a low friction coating prepared according to the preparation method provided in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 shows a graph of the coefficient of friction of a low friction coating prepared according to the preparation method provided in example 2 of the present application;
fig. 5 shows a friction coefficient curve of a cast iron cylinder liner prepared according to the preparation method provided in the comparative example of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the examples and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the "plurality" generally includes at least two.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one relationship describing the association of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or device comprising such element.
In particular, the symbols and/or numerals present in the description, if not marked in the description of the figures, are not numbered.
In order to achieve the first object, the present application adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a low friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder body consists of a surface functional layer and a bonding layer;
the surface functional layer comprises Fe314, fe316 and 316L, cr 3 C 2 、MoS 2 、Dy 2 O 3 、Gd 2 O 3 WC, tiC, tiN, BN, zrO and FeAlCr.
The bonding layer is FeNiCoCrAlY.
The low-friction coating provided by the application consists of a surface functional layer and a bonding layer, wherein the surface functional layer consists of Fe314, feAlCr and other materials; the bonding layer has the function of improving the bonding force between the surface functional layer and the aluminum alloy matrix; the low-friction coating provided by the application is applied to the aluminum alloy cylinder body, so that a cast iron cylinder sleeve structure can be eliminated, the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss of the coating and the piston ring are smaller than those of the cast iron cylinder sleeve while the light weight is realized, and the fuel economy of an engine is improved; the bonding strength of the low-friction coating is more than or equal to 35MPa, and the microhardness is more than or equal to 400HV.
In certain embodiments of the present application, the surface functional layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass, based on 100% by mass of the surface functional layer:
wherein, the mass fraction of Fe314 can be 3.0wt%, 3.1wt%, 3.2wt%, 3.3wt%, 3.4wt%, 3.5wt%, 3.6wt%, 3.7wt%, 3.8wt%, 3.9wt%, 4.0wt%, etc.;
the mass fraction of the Fe316L alloy may be 2.0wt%, 2.1wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.3wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.7wt%, 2.8wt%, 2.9wt%, 3.0wt%, etc.;
Cr 3 C 2 the mass fraction of (c) may be 2.0wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.8wt%, 3.0wt%, 3.2wt%, 3.4wt%, 3.6wt%, 3.8wt% or 4.0wt%, etc.;
MoS 2 the mass fraction of (c) may be 1.5wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.9wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.8wt%, 3.0wt%, 3.2wt%, 3.4wt% or 3.5wt%, etc.;
Dy 2 O 3 the mass fraction of (c) may be 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt% or 1.5wt%, etc.;
Gd 2 O 3 the mass fraction of (c) may be 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.9wt% or 2.0wt%, etc.;
the mass fraction of WC may be 1.0wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.9wt%, 2.0wt%, etc.;
the mass fraction of TiC may be 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt% or 0.5wt%, etc.;
the mass fraction of TiN may be 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt% or 0.5wt%, etc.;
the mass fraction of BN may be 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt% or 0.5wt%, etc.;
the mass fraction of ZrO may be 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.55wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.65wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.75wt% or 0.8wt%, etc.
In certain embodiments of the present application, all of the components of the low friction coating are present in powder form.
In certain embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the surface functional layer is 0.2-0.3mm, which may be, for example, 0.2mm, 0.21mm, 0.22mm, 0.23mm, 0.24mm, 0.25mm, 0.26mm, 0.27mm, 0.28mm, 0.29mm, or 0.3mm, etc.
In certain embodiments of the present application, the bonding layer has a thickness of 0.08-0.15mm, which may be, for example, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.10mm, 0.11mm, 0.12mm, 0.13mm, 0.14mm, 0.15mm, or the like.
The low friction coating is arranged on the inner periphery of the cylinder body, so that the wear resistance of the parts can be effectively improved.
Surface functional layer
In the surface functional layer, the wear resistance of the matrix material can be effectively improved by adding hard particles with high wear resistance into a flexible metal matrix (FeAlCr); in the abrasion process, due to the existence of hard particles, the removal of matrix materials is avoided, so that the abrasion resistance of the materials is improved; meanwhile, the flexible metal matrix has better toughness, so that crack propagation is prevented.
According to the preparation method, feAlCr is adopted as a flexible metal matrix, and carbide, oxide, nitride, sulfide and the like are added into a matrix material to serve as hard particles to play a role in dispersion strengthening, so that the hardness and wear resistance of a surface functional layer are improved. In view of the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between hard particles, cr is preferably used in the present application 3 C 2 、MoS 2 、Dy 2 O 3 、Gd 2 O 3 The high-temperature-resistant hard particles, WC, tiC, tiN, BN and ZrO are added into the matrix material as hard particles, and the good matching of the thermal expansion coefficients of different compounds is beneficial to improving the interfacial compatibility between different phases in the surface functional layer, so that the toughness and cohesive strength of the surface functional layer are improved.
The Fe314 and the Fe316L are added into the matrix material to form the steel bond hard alloy together with hard particles, especially carbide particles, wherein the Fe314 and the Fe316L are binding materials, and the hard particles are dispersed and uniformly distributed in the matrix material to form the steel bond hard alloy material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness. The steel bonded hard alloy material has good thermal cracking resistance under the shock of chilled shock heat alternation, has good comprehensive performance, is suitable for being used under the condition of larger shock load, is successfully applied to various wear-resistant parts, and has longer service life and remarkable economic benefit.
Besides the steel bonded hard alloy formed by carbide and iron-based alloy material, other mechanical properties of the coating can be improved, such as adding WC particles as nucleation points of FeAlCr matrix material to form double hard phases so as to improve material properties, and the material properties are optimal when the adding amount of WC is in the range of 1-2wt%.
In addition, tiC is added into the raw material, so that the TiC and WC generate a synergistic effect, a double hard phase and a bonding phase are formed in the FeAlCr matrix material, the hard phase is uniformly distributed in the bonding phase, the structure is compact, the defects are fewer, and the toughness of the material is improved.
In addition, cr is added into the raw materials 3 C 2 The function of the device is as follows: (1) The density of the surface functional layer is improved, cr 3 C 2 Can be used as a core of non-spontaneous nucleation to block the growth of columnar crystals and refine and homogenize alloy tissues; due to addition of Cr 3 C 2 The generated carbide can prevent the crystal grain from migrating during the growth process of the crystal grain no matter the crystal grain is precipitated along the crystal grain boundary or is dispersed and distributed in the matrix material, thereby preventing the growth of the crystal grain; thus Cr 3 C 2 The addition of the coating effectively inhibits the growth of crystal grains in the spraying process, so that the crystal grains are refined, the porosity of the surface functional layer in unit volume is smaller, and the material density is increased; (2) In the spraying process, fe and Cr are oxidized, a continuous compact composite oxidation film is formed on the surface of the material particles, so that the internal metal is protected, and the oxidation degree of the coating in the spraying process is reduced.
The TiN is added into the raw material, is a high-hardness and corrosion-resistant coating material, but the crystal form of the TiN is of a columnar structure formed by island growth, and is different from the crystal form structure of the matrix material, so that the formed coating has larger internal stress, and the boundary of the columnar crystal form is easy to generate cracks and promote the expansion of the cracks. Therefore, BN is added into the raw materials, the BN can interrupt and inhibit the growth of columnar crystal forms of TiN, dissipate the tip crack stress of the columnar crystal forms, reduce the grain size of BN, eliminate the pores of the coating, increase the hardness and toughness of the coating, and the relatively low residual compressive stress is beneficial to improving the binding force of the coating, so that the comprehensive performance of the coating is improved.
The purpose of adding ZrO into the raw materials is to improve the heat insulation performance of the coating, on one hand, the ZrO has high melting point and good chemical components and tissue heat stability; on the other hand, zrO has a low thermal conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient closest to that of the matrix material. There are three crystalline forms of ZrO: monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic phases, the monoclinic and tetragonal transformation being reversible, the volume being increased by 4-6% during the transformation, the transformation not involving atomic diffusion and compositional changes, but only the volume and shape changes, which will cause cracking or spalling of the coating during use due to internal stress generated by the volume effect, so that Dy is added to the raw material in order to avoid the transformation of the ZrO 2 O 3 And Gd 2 O 3 As a crystal form stabilizer to control the crystal form of ZrO to remain in tetragonal phase.
Bonding layer
In the application, the bonding layer is FeNiCoCrAlY, is alloy powder prepared by smelting different element mixtures, is a commercially available product, and is obtained from North Ore company. The method has the main effects of reducing cracking tendency of the cylinder body and the surface functional layer caused by the difference of thermal expansion coefficients, avoiding the reduction of interface bonding strength caused by chemical incompatibility of the surface functional layer and the cylinder body as much as possible, and improving the interface bonding force between the surface functional layer and the cylinder body.
To achieve the second object of the present application, the present application provides a method for preparing a low friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder, comprising the steps of:
1) Spraying the raw material powder of the bonding layer to the inner surface of the cylinder body to form the bonding layer;
2) Preparing mixed powder according to the content of each component in the surface functional layer, and spraying the mixed powder on the surface of the bonding layer to form the surface functional layer on the bonding layer;
3) And grinding the surface of the surface functional layer by adopting grinding particles.
In this application, the reason for having higher bonding strength between the surface functional layer and the bonding layer is that: (1) The surface functional layer is compact and uniform, has no holes or cracks, and has low oxide content; (2) Because the main raw material of the surface functional layer is FeAlCr, when spraying, fe, cr and Al elements can generate oxidation reaction with oxygen in air to release a large amount of heat, so that the temperature of molten alloy particles is further increased, the high-temperature high-speed particles can not be rapidly cooled due to exothermic reaction after striking the surface of the bonding layer, and the micro-area of the bonding layer contacted by the high-temperature high-speed particles is heated to form local metallurgical bonding, thereby being beneficial to improving the bonding strength between the surface functional layer and the bonding layer; (3) The metallic elements in the raw materials are easy to generate oxidation reaction and heat release in the air in the spraying process, and the spraying particles or the deposited materials are heated for the second time, so that the fluidity and the ductility of the spraying materials are improved, the spraying materials can better wet the bonding layer and spread on the surface of the bonding layer, the interface bonding state between the coatings is improved, and the bonding force and the cohesive strength between the coatings are improved.
In certain embodiments of the present application, in step 1) and step 2), the spraying is atmospheric plasma thermal spraying.
In certain embodiments of the present application, in step 1), the tie layer has a thickness of 0.08-0.15mm.
In certain embodiments of the present application, in step 2), the surface functional layer has a thickness of 0.2-0.3mm.
In certain embodiments of the present application, in step 1) and step 2), the spray gun power of the spray coating is 19-23kW, which may be, for example, 19kW, 19.5kW, 20kW, 20.5kW, 21kW, 21.5kW, 22kW, 22.5kW, or 23kW, etc.
In certain embodiments of the present application, in step 1) and step 2), the spray coating is spaced 75-85mm apart, which may be, for example, 75mm, 76mm, 77mm, 78mm, 79mm, 80mm, 81mm, 82mm, 83mm, 84mm, 85mm, or the like.
In certain embodiments of the present application, in step 1) and step 2), the spray gun rotation speed of the spray coating is 150-200rpm, which may be, for example, 150rpm, 155rpm, 160rpm, 165rpm, 170rpm, 175rpm, 180rpm, 185rpm, 190rpm, 195rpm, 200rpm, or the like.
In certain embodiments of the present application, in step 3), the abrasive particles are silicon carbide particles.
In certain embodiments of the present application, in step 3), the milling is performed for a period of time ranging from 10 to 30 minutes, such as, but not limited to, from 10 to 25 minutes, from 10 to 20 minutes, from 10 to 15 minutes, from 15 to 30 minutes, from 15 to 25 minutes, from 15 to 20 minutes, and the like.
The atmospheric plasma spraying is realized by a plasma spray gun, a nozzle (anode) and an electrode (cathode) of the spray gun are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply, working gas is introduced between the nozzle and the electrode, and an electric arc is ignited by high-frequency spark. The electric arc heats and ionizes the gas, generating a plasma arc, and the gas thermally expands to eject a high-speed plasma jet from the nozzle. The powder feeding gas feeds powder into the plasma jet from the inside (inner powder feeding) or the outside (outer powder feeding) of the nozzle, is heated to a molten or semi-molten state, is accelerated by the plasma jet, and is sprayed onto the surface of the pretreated substrate at a certain speed to form a coating. Typical plasma gases are argon, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or mixtures thereof.
In the plasma spraying process, the spraying conditions directly influence the mechanical properties of the coating. According to the spraying material adopted by the application, the technological parameters of the spraying process are particularly limited, and the spraying material and the technological parameters under specific conditions are combined, so that the coating formed after spraying is more uniform in structure and more compact in structure. Specifically:
the application has especially limited that the spray gun power is limited in 19-23kW scope, and spray gun power has directly influenced the melting degree and the spraying speed of spraying powder, and the melting degree and the spraying speed of spraying powder have directly influenced the structural morphology of coating, and the higher the spraying power, the more abundant the melting of spraying particle, the higher the flatness of spraying particle, and the coating can be more dense. However, when the spraying power exceeds a certain range, the spraying powder is excessively melted, so that the spraying powder is deposited inside the nozzle of the spray gun, and the spraying cannot be continued.
The application has been limited in particular that the spray pitch is limited to a range of 75-85mm, and in the course of spraying, the spray powder is heated by the spray gun to form melted spherical droplets, which impinge on the substrate under the action of the spray gun and spread into flat lamellae, which after rapid cooling form a solid phase, which, along with the reciprocating spray of the spray gun, accumulate in layers to form a coating of a certain thickness. When the distance from the spray gun to the matrix is within the range of 75-85mm, the impact speed and the temperature of the molten drops reaching the matrix can be ensured to be still maintained at higher level, so that the extension degree of the molten drops on the surface of the matrix is increased, and the wettability of the molten drops on the surface of the matrix is further improved; in addition, the molten drop impacts the previous layer of solid phase in a high-temperature state, so that the solidified solid phase is heated and remelted again, and the porosity of the finally obtained coating is greatly improved. If the spraying interval is less than 75nm, the powder cannot be heated and accelerated sufficiently in flame flow, so that the coating is easy to loosen, the local temperature of the substrate is easy to be too high to generate thermal deformation, and the stress of the coating is increased. If the spraying interval is more than 85mm, the temperature and speed of the molten drops when the molten drops collide with the substrate and the coating are too low, so that the molten drops are not deformed sufficiently, the porosity of the coating is higher, and the bonding strength is reduced.
Alternative embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a low-friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder body, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adopting an atmospheric plasma thermal spraying process to spray FeNiCoCrAlY powder on the inner surface of the cylinder body to form a bonding layer, and setting the parameters of a spray gun as follows: the power of the spray gun is 20kW, the spraying interval is 75mm, and the rotating speed of the spray gun is 150rpm;
(2) Grinding the surface of the coating for 20min by adopting silicon carbide particles after spraying to obtain a bonding layer with the thickness of 0.11 mm;
(3) Mixing the powder according to the following components: 3.2% Fe314, 2.4% Fe316L, 2.5% Cr 3 C 2 1.6% MoS 2 0.8% Dy 2 O 3 0.7% Gd 2 O 3 1.3% WC, 0.2% TiC, 0.2% TiN, 0.2% BN, 0.3% ZrO, and the balance FeAlCr, and mixing to obtain a mixtureMixing powder;
(4) Adopting an atmospheric plasma thermal spraying process to spray mixed powder on the surface of the bonding layer so as to form a surface functional layer on the bonding layer, and setting the parameters of a spray gun as follows: the power is 20kW, the spraying interval is 75mm, and the rotating speed of the spray gun is 150rpm;
(5) And (3) grinding the surface of the coating for 20min by adopting silicon carbide particles after spraying to obtain a surface functional layer with the thickness of 0.23mm, and finally obtaining the low-friction coating for the aluminum alloy cylinder body.
The bonding strength of the low-friction coating prepared by the steps is 38MPa, and the hardness is 410HV.
The TEM morphology of the prepared surface functional layer is shown in figure 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the surface functional layer has the characteristic of grain distribution with different grain sizes, the surface functional layer has the characteristic of coexistence of amorphous and nanocrystalline in the range from the surface to the depth of 500nm, and the grain size of the nanocrystalline is about 50-100nm. In the depth 500-2000nm nanometer range, the grain diameter is increased to about 100-200nm. Under 2000nm depth, long and thin strip-shaped grains appear, the grain length is 1000-2000nm, and the width is 50-100nm. The surface functional layer exhibits three grain characteristics from the surface to a depth of 5000 nm. Meanwhile, the precipitated phases in the coating are tightly combined, and obvious cracks and defects are not generated.
The TEM morphology of the prepared bonding layer is shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the lattice fringes of the bonding layer are clearer, a large number of highly crystallized nanocrystalline particles exist, and cracks and defects do not appear in the tissue.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a low-friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder body, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adopting an atmospheric plasma thermal spraying process to spray FeNiCoCrAlY powder on the inner surface of the cylinder body to form a bonding layer, and setting the parameters of a spray gun as follows: the power is 22kW, the spraying interval is 80mm, and the rotating speed of the spray gun is 180rpm;
(2) Grinding the surface of the coating for 20min by adopting silicon carbide particles after spraying to obtain a bonding layer with the thickness of 0.13 mm;
(3) Mixing the powder according to the following components: 3.7% Fe314 alloy, 2.8% Fe316L alloy, 3.6% Cr 3 C 2 3.2% MoS 2 1.2% Dy 2 O 3 1.6% Gd 2 O 3 1.6% of WC, 0.4% of TiC, 0.3% of TiN, 0.3% of BN, 0.5% of ZrO and the balance of FeAlCr, and mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(4) Adopting an atmospheric plasma thermal spraying process to spray mixed powder on the surface of the bonding layer so as to form a surface functional layer on the bonding layer, and setting the parameters of a spray gun as follows: the power is 22kW, the spraying interval is 80mm, and the rotating speed of the spray gun is 180rpm;
(5) And (3) grinding the surface of the coating for 20min by adopting silicon carbide particles after spraying to obtain a surface functional layer with the thickness of 0.28mm, and finally obtaining the low-friction coating for the aluminum alloy cylinder body.
The bonding strength of the low-friction coating prepared by the steps is 45MPa, and the hardness is 435HV.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a low-friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder body, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adopting an atmospheric plasma thermal spraying process to spray FeNiCoCrAlY powder on the inner surface of the cylinder body to form a bonding layer, and setting the parameters of a spray gun as follows: the power of the spray gun is 19kW, the spraying interval is 78mm, and the rotating speed of the spray gun is 160rpm;
(2) Grinding the surface of the coating for 20min by adopting silicon carbide particles after spraying to obtain a bonding layer with the thickness of 0.08 mm;
(3) Mixing the powder according to the following components: 3% of Fe314 alloy, 2% of Fe316L alloy and 4% of Cr 3 C 2 1.5% MoS 2 1.5% Dy 2 O 3 0.5% Gd 2 O 3 2% of WC, 0.3% of TiC, 0.5% of TiN, 0.4% of BN, 0.8% of ZrO and the balance of FeAlCr, and mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(4) Adopting an atmospheric plasma thermal spraying process to spray mixed powder on the surface of the bonding layer so as to form a surface functional layer on the bonding layer, and setting the parameters of a spray gun as follows: the power of the spray gun is 19kW, the spraying interval is 78mm, and the rotating speed of the spray gun is 160rpm;
(5) And (3) grinding the surface of the coating for 20min by adopting silicon carbide particles after spraying to obtain a surface functional layer with the thickness of 0.2mm, and finally obtaining the low-friction coating for the aluminum alloy cylinder body.
The bonding strength of the low-friction coating prepared by the steps is 36MPa, and the hardness is 418HV.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a low-friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder body, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adopting an atmospheric plasma thermal spraying process to spray FeNiCoCrAlY powder on the inner surface of the cylinder body to form a bonding layer, and setting the parameters of a spray gun as follows: the power of the spray gun is 23kW, the spraying interval is 85mm, and the rotating speed of the spray gun is 200rpm;
(2) Grinding the surface of the coating for 20min by adopting silicon carbide particles after spraying to obtain a bonding layer with the thickness of 0.15mm;
(3) Mixing the powder according to the following components: 4% Fe314 alloy, 3% Fe316L alloy, 2% Cr 3 C 2 3.5% MoS 2 0.5% Dy 2 O 3 2% Gd 2 O 3 1% of WC, 0.5% of TiC, 0.4% of TiN, 0.5% of BN, 0.6% of ZrO and the balance of FeAlCr, and mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(4) Adopting an atmospheric plasma thermal spraying process to spray mixed powder on the surface of the bonding layer so as to form a surface functional layer on the bonding layer, and setting the parameters of a spray gun as follows: the power of the spray gun is 23kW, the spraying interval is 85mm, and the rotating speed of the spray gun is 200rpm;
(5) And (3) grinding the surface of the coating for 20min by adopting silicon carbide particles after spraying to obtain a surface functional layer with the thickness of 0.3mm, and finally obtaining the low-friction coating for the aluminum alloy cylinder body.
The bonding strength of the low-friction coating prepared by the steps is 35MPa, and the hardness is 405HV.
The aluminum alloy cylinder bodies and cast iron cylinder liners with low friction coatings prepared in example 1 and example 2 were subjected to friction and wear tests in a linear reciprocating motion in a test load of 200N, a speed of 0.27m/s and a time of 2 hours, lean lubrication, and friction coefficients and wear rates measured after the tests are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
The friction coefficient test curves are shown in fig. 3-5, and as can be seen from the test results provided in table 1 in combination with the friction coefficient test curves,after the low friction coating is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder body, the friction coefficient and the abrasion are smaller than those of the cast iron cylinder sleeve。
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting thereof; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (10)
1. The low-friction coating for the aluminum alloy cylinder body is characterized by comprising a surface functional layer and a bonding layer;
the surface functional layer comprises Fe314, fe316 and 316L, cr 3 C 2 、MoS 2 、Dy 2 O 3 、Gd 2 O 3 WC, tiC, tiN, BN, zrO and FeAlCr;
the bonding layer is FeNiCoCrAlY.
2. The low friction coating of claim 1, wherein: the surface functional layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass as 100% of the surface functional layer:
the rest is FeAlCr.
3. The low friction coating of claim 1, wherein: all components of the surface functional layer and the bonding layer are present in powder form.
4. The low friction coating of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the surface functional layer is 0.2-0.3mm.
5. The low friction coating of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.08-0.15mm.
6. A method of preparing a low friction coating for an aluminum alloy cylinder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) Spraying the raw material powder of the bonding layer to the inner surface of the cylinder body to form the bonding layer;
2) Preparing mixed powder according to the content of each component in the surface functional layer, and spraying the mixed powder on the surface of the bonding layer to form the surface functional layer on the bonding layer;
3) And grinding the surface of the surface functional layer by adopting grinding particles.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein: in the step 1) and the step 2), the spraying is atmospheric plasma thermal spraying.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein: in the step 1), the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.08-0.15mm;
in the step 2), the thickness of the surface functional layer is 0.2-0.3mm.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein: in the step 1) and the step 2), the spraying power of the spraying gun is 19-23kW;
in the step 1) and the step 2), the spraying interval is 75-85mm;
in the step 1) and the step 2), the rotating speed of the spray gun for spraying is 150-200rpm.
10. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein: in step 3), the abrasive particles are silicon carbide particles;
in step 3), the grinding time is 10-30 minutes.
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