CN116555664B - 一种液氨储罐用耐腐蚀l型钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种液氨储罐用耐腐蚀l型钢及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢及其制备方法,所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢含有的化学元素成分按重量百分比为:C:0.005~0.018%,Si:0.81‑0.98%,Mn:0.07~0.12%,P≤0.009%,S≤0.002%,Al:0.23~0.55%,Cr:1.55~1.95%,Ce:0.012‑0.018%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢屈服强度为340‑440MPa,低温冲击韧性‑105℃KV2≥68J,液氨溶液年化腐蚀速率0.1~0.2g/m2·y;其制备方法采用轧后缓冷工艺生产,工艺流程简单,生产效率高,成本较低,安全可靠,经济效益显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液氨储罐用钢及其制备方法,具体涉及一种液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢及其制备方法。
背景技术
液氨作汽车燃料因不会排放有害的二氧化硫、一氧化碳和烟雾等有点而越来越受到重视,应用范围越来越广,如一些大型远洋运输船舶采用液氨作为动力燃料,由于高效清洁,可以改善燃气轮机性能而越来越多的被采用。因液氨具有一定的腐蚀性,故对储存液氨的压力容器的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能提出了较高要求。普通钢材如目前广泛应用于钢结构的Q345A/B/C系列因其C含量较高,钢质纯净度较低,不适于用作液氨储罐钢结构的建造。由于液氨储存在低温环境,故要求相应钢材具有良好的低温冲击韧性,且具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。
发明专利(申请号202110031827.9)公开了“一种耐盐和酸腐蚀的耐腐蚀L型钢及其制造方法”,其除了Fe及不可避免的杂质元素以外还含有质量百分含量如下的下述各化学元素:C:0.02-0.3%,Si:0.2-0.8%,Mn:0.4-1.6%,Cu:0.05-0.5%,Cr:0.05-1.5%,Ni:0.05-0.5%,Mo:0.05-0.3%,Al:0.03-0.05%。此外,该发明还公开了上述耐盐和酸腐蚀的耐腐蚀L型钢的制造方法,其包括步骤:(1)冶炼和铸造;(2)加热;(3)轧制,包括粗轧和精轧;(4)空冷至室温,但是其低温韧性和耐腐蚀性能还有待提升。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明旨在提供一种屈服强度在340-440MPa范围内并具有优异的低温韧性和耐腐蚀性的液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢;本发明的另一目的在于提供一种所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,采用轧后缓冷工艺生产,制造工艺流程简单,生产效率高,成本较低。
技术方案:本发明所述的液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢,其含有的化学元素成分按重量百分比为:C:0.005~0.018%、Si:0.81-0.98%、Mn:0.07~0.12%、P≤0.009%、S≤0.002%、Al:0.23~0.55%、Cr:1.55~1.95%,Ce:0.012-0.018%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
进一步地,所述C的重量百分比优选为0.006~0.01%。
进一步地,所述Si的重量百分比优选为0.85~0.95%。
进一步地,所述Al的重量百分比优选为0.25~0.50%。
进一步地,所述Cr的重量百分比优选为1.56~1.90%。
主要控制的合金元素设计原理说明如下:
C(碳):钢中C含量对于钢材的耐腐蚀性能影响较大,C与Fe、Mn、Cr等均可形成多种形式的化合物MxCy,这些化合物与基体形成电极电位差,导致基体的电化学反应,致使基体被腐蚀,故耐腐蚀L型钢中的C含量越低越好,但若控制C含量过低导致制备成本显著增加,故将C的含量设定为0.005~0.018%。
Mn(锰):本发明钢中加入适量的Mn元素可稳定高温奥氏体组织,降低奥氏体转变温度,抑制高温粗化组织的形成,获得细的微观组织和良好的综合力学性能;另一方面,在生产制备过程中易形成Mn偏析导致成分及组织不均匀,进而形成Mn3C化合物恶化钢的耐腐蚀性,故将Mn含量范围设定在0.07~0.12%。
P(磷):低温韧性钢中的残余P急剧降低钢的低温冲击韧性,故将P去除的越低越好,但若将P含量控制的过低,制备工艺更为复杂难于操作导致生产成本大幅增加,将P含量控制在P≤0.009%为宜。
S(硫):本发明残余S属有害元素,降低冲击韧性,易与Mn等形成可变形的化合物MnS,恶化钢材的耐腐蚀性能,应将S含量控制在很低水平,但若将有害元素S的含量控制得过低,显著增加生产成本,故将S含量控制在S≤0.002%。
Si(硅):由于本发明钢种的C含量控制在较低水平,为获得预期的强度,设计以Si、Cr为主要强化元素,且添加适量的Si可提高耐腐蚀性能,但过高的Si含量损害低温冲击韧性,故将Si含量控制在0.81-0.98%范围。
Al(铝):本发明中添加适量的合金元素Al目的在于扩大铁素体转变区域,在生产制备过程中形成同类型的微观组织—铁素体,避免形成珠光体(铁素体+Fe3C复合相),因不同相之间存在电位差,容易产生电化学腐蚀,从而提高耐腐蚀性能。另一方面,添加适量的Al,在液氨环境中表面可形成致密的AlxOyNz钝化层,阻止基体金属Fe被氧化生成FenOm或发生失去电子反应:Fe-2e→Fe2+,即降低腐蚀速率。若Al含量低于0.23%,阻止基体金属Fe被腐蚀的效果不显著,若Al含量高于0.55%,则加大生产难度,冶炼连铸过程中易堵浇铸水口而造成生产事故。故将本专利申请钢中Al含量控制在0.23~0.55%范围。
Cr(铬):添加到本发明钢中的合金元素Cr一方面与基体Fe形成置换固溶强化,提高钢的强度。另一方面对基体金属Fe形成屏蔽保护作用,防止基体金属被环境中的[O]、[H+]等侵蚀。设置Cr含量的范围为1.55~1.95%,若低于1.55%,则强化作用及防侵蚀效果不明显;若高于1.95%则增加生产成本。
Ce(铈):合金元素Ce属轻质稀土元素,添加到本发明钢中的目的为在冶炼过程中与MnS、Al2O3、AlN、SiO2等夹杂物形成复合钢渣,经精炼处理真空循环,上浮至表面,净化钢质,提高钢的低温冲击韧性,增强钢的耐腐蚀性能。
所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)转炉冶炼
碱性转炉装入铁水、废钢(P≤0.008%、S≤0.002%)、低碳MnFe、SiFe、低碳CrFe等合金料熔炼,吹氧升温氧化脱C,加CaO、FeO脱P。
炉外电炉精炼,加入优质石灰降低S含量。用金属Mn、金属Cr微调钢水中Mn、Cr含量至要求范围,用SiCa合金料调整Si含量至要求范围。
RH真空精炼,向钢水中加Al丸脱氧,向钢水中喂Ce稀土丝线,调整Ce含量在要求范围。向钢水中吹Ar气搅拌均匀化钢水,极限真空下循环处理进一步降低钢中N、H等有害气体元素含量和粗大的有害夹杂。
连铸浇铸。
2)轧制
开轧温度:1050-1090℃,终轧温度:835~880℃。
3)轧后冷却。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述脱P后磷含量≤0.009%,降低S含量至≤0.002%,加Al丸脱氧后控制钢水中自由氧含量[O]低于15ppm。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述极限真空下处理时间为16-19分钟;所述有害夹杂物包括MnS、Al2O3、AlN等;所述连铸浇铸的温度为1565~1585℃。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述轧制过程控制铸坯加热温度为1210~1240℃,保温时间为3.5-4小时。连铸矩形坯截面尺寸为150×220mm轧制腹板厚度为16mm的L型钢。
进一步地,步骤(3)所述轧后冷却的过程为轧后堆垛缓冷,温度≤870℃,缓冷至室温。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著优点:所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢在满足一定屈服强度(340-440MPa)的同时还具有优异的低温韧性和耐腐蚀性,低温冲击韧性-105℃KV2≥68J,液氨溶液年化腐蚀速率0.1~0.2g/m2·y;其制备方法采用轧后缓冷工艺生产,工艺流程简单,生产效率高,成本较低,安全可靠,经济效益显著。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
按照本发明化学元素成分、质量百分比及生产方法要求,制备了五个实施例,分别为实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5。为验证各化学组分和质量百分比含量以及冶炼过程中的RH极限真空处理时间、连铸浇铸温度、轧制过程中的终轧温度等工艺参数对性能参数的影响,制备了三个对比实施例,即对比例1、对比例2和对比例3,即冶炼并轧制了8批L型钢。其中,对比例1的化学组分质量百分比含量不在本发明的范围内,而制备过程的工艺参数在本发明的范围内,对比例2的化学组分质量百分比含量在本发明的范围内,而制备过程的工艺参数不在本发明的范围内,对比例3的化学组分质量百分比含量及制备过程的工艺参数均不在本发明的范围内。五个实施例及三个对比例的化学元素成分重量百分比见表1,其中余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。生产过程工艺控制参数与L型钢性能情况见表2。
液氨溶液腐蚀试验方法:含水0.1%的液氨溶液,室温,搅拌。试验开始前酒精清洗试样吹干、称重。试样侵入腐蚀溶液开始计时,24小时、48小时、72小时、144小时、240小时、720小时取出试样并用酒精清洗干净表面,称重,计量质量损失=试验前试样质量-试验后试样质量,绘制失重—时间图,外推至年腐蚀量。
表1本发明实施例及对比实施例的化学成分对比(wt%)
表2本发明实施例及对比实施例生产过程控制参数对L型钢性能情况表
由表1和表2可看出,本发明实施例1-5的化学成分及质量百分比及生产工艺过程控制的工艺参数所生产的L型钢屈服强度均在340-440MPa范围,冲击韧性-105℃KV2均高于68J。而对比实施例1和对比实施例2的钢成分范围或/和生产工艺不在本发明范围内所生产的对比L型钢屈服强度低于340MPa,对比实施例3生产的L型钢屈服强度达到463MPa,超过了要求的440MPa,用于建造液氨等腐蚀环境的钢结构容易发生应力腐蚀开裂。对比例1、对比例2和对比例3生产的L型钢-105℃冲击韧性均低于68J。其中,本发明实施例3所制备的L型钢屈服强度为368MPa,-105℃冲击韧性达到252J,液氨溶液年化腐蚀速率为0.13g/m2·y,综合力学性能及耐腐蚀性能优良,制造液氨储罐可安全运行,为最佳实施例。
Claims (10)
1.一种液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢,其特征在于,含有的化学元素成分按重量百分比为:C:0.005~0.018%,Si:0.81-0.98%,Mn:0.07~0.12%,P≤0.009%,S≤0.002%,Al:0.23~0.55%,Cr:1.55~1.95%,Ce:0.012-0.018%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)转炉冶炼
碱性转炉装入铁水、废钢、合金料熔炼,吹氧升温氧化脱C,加CaO、FeO脱P;
炉外电炉精炼,加入石灰降低S含量,用金属Mn、金属Cr微调钢水中Mn、Cr含量至要求范围,用SiCa合金料调整Si含量;
RH真空精炼,向钢水中加Al丸脱氧,向钢水中喂Ce稀土丝线,调整Ce含量,向钢水中吹Ar气搅拌均匀化钢水,极限真空下循环处理进一步降低钢中N、H这类有害气体元素含量和粗大的有害夹杂物;
连铸浇铸;
(2)轧制
开轧温度:1050-1090℃,终轧温度:835~880℃;
(3)轧后冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢,其特征在于,含有的化学元素成分按重量百分比为:C:0.006~0.01%,Si:0.85~0.95%,Mn:0.07~0.12%,P≤0.009%,S≤0.002%,Al:0.25~0.50%,Cr:1.56~1.90%,Ce:0.012-0.018%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)转炉冶炼
碱性转炉装入铁水、废钢、合金料熔炼,吹氧升温氧化脱C,加CaO、FeO脱P;
炉外电炉精炼,加入石灰降低S含量,用金属Mn、金属Cr微调钢水中Mn、Cr含量至要求范围,用SiCa合金料调整Si含量;
RH真空精炼,向钢水中加Al丸脱氧,向钢水中喂Ce稀土丝线,调整Ce含量,向钢水中吹Ar气搅拌均匀化钢水,极限真空下循环处理进一步降低钢中N、H这类有害气体元素含量和粗大的有害夹杂物;
连铸浇铸;
(2)轧制
开轧温度:1050-1090℃,终轧温度:835~880℃;
(3)轧后冷却。
4.根据权利要求3所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)脱P后磷含量≤0.009%,降低S含量至≤0.002%。
5.据权利要求3所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)加Al丸脱氧后控制钢水中自由氧含量[O]低于15ppm。
6.根据权利要求3所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)极限真空下处理时间为16-19分钟。
7.根据权利要求3所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述有害夹杂物包括MnS、Al2O3和/或AlN。
8.根据权利要求3所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述连铸浇铸的温度为1565~1585℃。
9.根据权利要求3所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)轧制过程控制铸坯加热温度为1210~1240℃,保温时间为3.5-4小时。
10.根据权利要求3所述液氨储罐用耐腐蚀L型钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述轧后冷却的过程为轧后堆垛缓冷,温度≤870℃,缓冷至室温。
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