CN116554871B - 一种长余辉纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种长余辉纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种长余辉纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用,所述材料为Lnm+:螯合剂接枝在长余辉纳米颗粒(PLNPs)上;所述螯合剂选自直链或支链配体及其衍生物、大环配体及其衍生物的至少一种;所述长余辉纳米材料是硅酸盐基PLNPs、铝酸盐基PLNPs、磷酸盐基PLNPs、锗酸盐基PLNPs、镓酸盐基PLNPs、锡酸盐基PLNPs中的至少一种。本发明将Lnm+‑螯合剂枝接在光谱匹配的PLNPs表面,使Lnm+‑螯合剂的发射光谱与PLNPs的激发光谱重叠,可以实现约3倍的PersL亮度提升。同时,由于Lnm+‑螯合剂具有较好的光稳定性,不易发生光漂白,使复合材料的发光增强可以长期存在,且无需避光保存,经过多次重复激发强度不衰减。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,特别地,涉及一种长余辉纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
光学成像旨在提供可视化的图像和实时的位置信息,与传统的诊断模式(磁共振成像、正电子发射断层扫描、X-射线计算机断层扫描等)相比,具有灵敏度高、设备便宜、操作简单等优势,在疾病诊断尤其是肿瘤检测方面展现出巨大潜力。尽管有机染料(吲哚菁绿、亚甲基蓝)已被用作临床光学成像剂,但它们存在着明显地缺陷,如需要实时的光激发、高背景荧光、光稳定性差、易光漂白等。
长余辉(PersL)材料指的是在去除激发光之后,仍能后维持几小时、几天甚至几周发光的一类发光材料,具有激发-发射分离、无背景荧光、光稳定性好等优势,在光学成像领域引起了大家的广泛关注。用于体内光学成像的纳米材料的粒径通常需要小于200nm,而使用当前合成方法制备的粒径小于200nm的长余辉纳米颗粒(PLNPs)存在PersL发光亮度低的缺陷。为了进一步扩展PLNPs的生物体内成像应用,其小粒径和高亮度之间的矛盾亟待解决。
韩刚等人(Z.Li,Y.Zhao,K.Huang,L.Huang,Y.Zhang,H.Yang,G.Han,EnhancingRechargeable Persistent Luminescence via Organic Dye Sensitization,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.60(2021)15886-15890)提出了将有机染料分子(如5-羧基四甲基罗丹明,TAMRA)接枝到PLNPs表面的“染料分子增敏”策略,由于染料分子的高摩尔消光系数,它可以有效吸收激发光的能量,进而转移至光谱重叠的ZnGa2O4:Cr3+(ZGC)PLNPs(TAMRA的发射光谱与ZGC的激发光谱重叠),实现了ZGC PLNPs的2倍发光强度增加。但其使用的有机染料分子存在光稳定性差、易光漂白的缺陷,使得ZGC PLNPs的PersL增加并不能稳定、长期存在;同时也使得最终制得的PLNPs需要严格的避光保存,否则这种亮度提升就会失效。
发明内容
为了改善上述技术问题,本发明提供一种长余辉纳米复合材料,所述材料为Lnm+:螯合剂接枝在PLNPs上,m为2、3或4;
所述螯合剂选自直链或支链配体及其衍生物、大环配体及其衍生物的至少一种,如DTPA、EDTA、DOTA、DO3A;
所述长余辉纳米材料可以是硅酸盐基PLNPs、铝酸盐基PLNPs、磷酸盐基PLNPs、锗酸盐基PLNPs、镓酸盐基PLNPs、锡酸盐基PLNPs等,如ZGC(ZnGa2O4:Cr3+)PLNPs、ZSCE(Zn2SnO4:Cr3+,Eu3+)PLNPs、ZGM(Zn2GeO4:Mn2+)PLNPs。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述Lnm+选自La3+、Ce3+、Pr3+、Nd3+、Pm3+、Sm3+、Eu3+、Gd3+、Tb3+、Dy3+、Ho3+、Er3+、Tm3+、Yb3+、Lu3+、Eu2+、Tm2+、Yb2+、Sm2+、Ce4+、Pr4+、Tb4+、Dy4+和Nd4+,优选为Eu3+、Tb3+、Sm3+、Dy3+中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述PLNPs的粒径为20-800nm,优选为20-200nm。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述螯合剂接枝在PLNPs上。
根据本发明的实施方案,Lnm+通过与螯合剂的配位作用固定在PLNPs表面。
本发明中,所述Lnm+:螯合剂是指螯合剂和Lnm+配位形成了一个整体。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述螯合剂与PLNPs的摩尔质量比为0.2-40μmol/1mg,优选为0.2-20μmol/1mg。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述Lnm+与螯合剂的摩尔比为0.01-5:1,优选为0.1-1:1。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述长余辉纳米复合材料;例如为Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCEPLNPs、Eu3+:DTPA-ZSCE PLNPs、Tb3+:DO3A-ZGC PLNPs、Tb3+:EDTA-ZGC PLNPs等。
本发明还提供一种长余辉纳米复合材料的制备方法,所述方法的制备步骤如下:
(1)制备PLNPs;
(2)将PLNPs进行修饰,得到功能化的PLNPs;
(3)将螯合剂溶液、催化剂和功能化的PLNPs混合,得到中间产物;
(4)将中间产物与含Lnm+的化合物溶液混合,使pH为6-8反应,得到所述长余辉纳米复合材料。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(1)中,所述PLNPs的制备方法为本领域的常规制备方法。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(2)中,所述修饰的方法为羟基化和/或氨基化。步骤(2)中,对PLNPs修饰的方法属于本领域技术的常规方法。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)中,所述螯合剂溶液是将螯合剂溶于PBS中。本发明中,对螯合剂溶液的浓度不作特别限定,使螯合剂完全溶解即可。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)中,所述催化剂为酰化催化剂和缩合活化剂,优选为EDCI和NHS的混合物,加入后用酸或者碱调节其pH为4-6,例如采用HCl或NaOH溶液调节。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)中,螯合剂:缩合催化剂:酰化催化剂的摩尔比为1:(1-10):(1-10),优选为1:(1-5):(1-5)。优选地,螯合剂与EDCI和NHS的摩尔比为1:(1-5):(1-10),优选为1:(1-2):(1-3)。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)中,螯合剂与功能化的PLNPs的摩尔质量比为0.2-40μmol/1mg,优选为0.2-20μmol/1mg。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)中,混合的时间为0.5-80h,优选为2-60h。混合的温度为20-50℃,优选为25-35℃;例如室温。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)具体为:先将螯合剂溶液与催化剂第一次混合,使pH为4-6,活化螯合剂,再与功能化的PLNPs悬液第二次混合,以使pH为7-9,反应得到中间产物。例如,第一次混合的时间为0.5-4h,第二次混合的时间为6-72h。所述中间产物为螯合剂-PLNPs。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)具体为:将螯合剂溶液与EDCI、NHS第一次混合,pH调节为4-6,活化螯合剂,再与功能化的PLNPs悬液第二次混合,以使pH为7-9,反应得到中间产物。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)中,所述功能化的PLNPs悬液是将功能化的PLNPs分散于PBS中。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(3)还包括后处理步骤,对制备的产物进行水洗、离心、冻干等。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(4)中,所述含Lnm+的化合物例如为EuCl3·6H2O、TbCl3·6H2O、SmCl3·6H2O、DyCl3·6H2O中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(4)中,所述含Lnm+的化合物与螯合剂的摩尔比为0.01-5:1,优选为0.1-1:1。本发明步骤(4)中,对含Lnm+的化合物溶液的浓度无特别限定,使含Lnm+的化合物完全溶解即可。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(4)中,反应的温度为20-100℃,优选为30-50℃;反应的时间为6-72h,优选为10-28h。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(4)中,可以加入碱性化合物调至pH为6-8,例如为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨水等。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤(4)还包括后处理步骤,对制备的产物进行水洗、离心、冻干等。
本发明还提供上述长余辉纳米复合材料作为光学成像剂的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明将“Lnm+-螯合剂”枝接在光谱匹配的PLNPs表面,使Lnm+-螯合剂的发射光谱与PLNPs的激发光谱重叠,可以实现约3倍的PersL亮度提升。同时,由于Lnm+-螯合剂具有较好的光稳定性,不易发生光漂白,使长余辉纳米复合材料的发光增强可以长期存在,且无需避光保存,经过多次重复激发强度不衰减。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中ZSCE PLNPs的TEM图像;
图2是实施例1中Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的TEM图像;
图3是实施例1中ZSCE PLNPs和Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的重复激发余辉衰减曲线;
图4是实施例1中ZSCE PLNPs和Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的组织穿透性能图;
图5是实施例1中Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的小鼠瘤周注射成像图。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解,下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明,而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明,以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品,或者可以通过已知方法制备。
实施例1
以铕(Eu3+)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸(DOTA)增强Zn2SnO4:Cr3 +,Eu3+(ZSCE)PLNPs为例。Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的制备
(1)水热法合成ZSCE PLNPs(J.L.Li,J.P.Shi,C.C.Wang,P.H.Li,Z.F.Yu,H.W.Zhang,Five-Nanometer ZnSn2O4:Cr,Eu Ultra-Small Nanoparticles as New NearInfrared-Emitting Persistent Luminescent Nanoprobes for Cellular and DeepTissue Imaging at 800nm,Nanoscale 9(2017)8631-8638;D.W.Kim,S.S.Shin,I.S.Cho,S.Lee,D.H.Kim,C.W.Lee,H.S.Jung,K.S.Hong,Synthesis and Photovoltaic Propertyof Fine and Uniform Zn2SnO4 Nanoparticles,Nanoscale 4(2012)557-562.),通过羟基化(J.Liu,L.Kotrchova,T.Lecuyer,Y.Corvis,J.Seguin,N.Mignet,T.Etrych,D.Scherman,E.Randarova,C.Richard,Coating Persistent LuminescenceNanoparticles With Hydrophilic Polymers for In Vivo Imaging,Front.Chem.8(2020)584114.)、氨基化(A.Abdukayum,J.T.Chen,Q.Zhao,X.P.Yan,Functional NearInfrared-Emitting Cr3+/Pr3+Co-Doped Zinc Gallogermanate Persistent LuminescentNanoparticles with Superlong Afterglow for In Vivo Targeted Bioimaging,J.Am.Chem.Soc.135(2013)14125-14133;P.Sengar,D.L.Flores,K.Chauhan,B.Can-Uc,K.Juarez-Moreno,O.E.Contreras,M.A.Digman,G.A.Hirata,Visible/Near-InfraredEmitting,Garnet-Based Paramagnetic-Persistent Luminescent Nanocrystals forTwo-Photon Bioimaging,Cryst.Growth Des.20(2020)5880-5889.)得到ZSCE-NH2 PLNPs。
(2)将DOTA枝接到ZSCE-NH2 PLNPs上,具体步骤为:将1mmol DOTA溶解于100mLPBS(pH 7.4)中,用稀盐酸将pH调至5,加入2mmol EDCI、3mmol NHS,25℃搅拌4h以活化DOTA上的羧基。将上述溶液滴加至50mg ZSCE-NH2 PLNPs的10mL PBS(pH 7.4)悬液中,用氢氧化钾溶液将pH调至7,25℃搅拌48h。所得产物离心、水洗、冻干得到DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs。
(3)通过配位作用将Ln3+螯合到DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs上,具体步骤为:将50mg DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs分散到10mL去离子水中,滴加2mL 500mM EuCl3·6H2O水溶液,用氢氧化钾溶液将pH调至7,50℃搅拌24h。所得产物离心、水洗、冻干得到Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs。
实施例2
Eu3+:DTPA-ZSCE PLNPs的制备
(1)步骤1同实施例1中步骤(1)
(2)将DTPA枝接到ZSCE-NH2 PLNPs上,具体步骤为:将100μmol DTPA溶解于20mLPBS(pH 7.4)中,用稀盐酸将pH调至4,加入100μmol EDCI、100μmol NHS,35℃搅拌1h以活化DTPA上的羧基。将上述溶液滴加至50mg ZSCE-NH2 PLNPs的10mL PBS(pH 7.4)悬液中,用氢氧化钠溶液将pH调至9,35℃搅拌24h。所得产物离心、水洗、冻干得到DTPA-ZSCE PLNPs。
(3)通过配位作用将Ln3+螯合到DTPA-ZSCE PLNPs上,具体步骤为:将50mg DTPA-ZSCE PLNPs分散到10mL去离子水中,滴加1mL 100mM EuCl3·6H2O水溶液,用氢氧化钠溶液将pH调至8,40℃搅拌12h。所得产物离心、水洗、冻干得到Eu3+:DTPA-ZSCE PLNPs。
实施例3
Tb3+:DO3A-ZGC PLNPs的制备
(1)水热法合成ZGC PLNPs(Z.Li,Y.Zhang,X.Wu,L.Huang,D.Li,W.Fan,G.Han,Direct Aqueous-Phase Synthesis of Sub-10nm“Luminous Pearls”with Enhanced inVivo Renewable Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence,J.Am.Chem.Soc.137(2015)5304-5307),通过羟基化、氨基化得到ZGC-NH2 PLNPs,羟基化和氨基化的方法同实施例1。
(2)将DO3A枝接到ZGC-NH2 PLNPs上,具体步骤为:将10μmol DO3A溶解于10mL PBS(pH 7.4)中,用稀盐酸将pH调至6,加入15μmol EDCI、15μmol NHS,30℃搅拌3h以活化DO3A上的羧基。将上述溶液滴加至50mg ZGC-NH2 PLNPs的10mL PBS(pH 7.4)悬液中,用氢氧化钠溶液将pH调至8,30℃搅拌8h。所得产物离心、水洗、冻干得到DO3A-ZGC PLNPs。
(3)通过配位作用将Ln3+螯合到DO3A-ZGC PLNPs上,具体步骤为:将50mg DO3A-ZGCPLNPs分散到10mL去离子水中,滴加100μL 100mM TbCl3·6H2O水溶液,用氢氧化钠溶液将pH调至6,35℃搅拌60h。所得产物离心、水洗、冻干得到Tb3+:DO3A-ZGC PLNPs。
实施例4
Tb3+:EDTA-ZGC PLNPs的制备
(1)ZGC-NH2 PLNPs的合成方法同实施例3。
(2)将EDTA枝接到ZGC-NH2 PLNPs上,具体步骤为:将500μmol EDTA溶解于80mLPBS(pH 7.4)中,用稀盐酸将pH调至5,加入750μmol EDCI、750μmol NHS,25℃搅拌2h以活化EDTA上的羧基。将上述溶液滴加至50mg ZGC-NH2 PLNPs的10mL PBS(pH 7.4)悬液中,用氢氧化钠溶液将pH调至7,25℃搅拌12h。所得产物离心、水洗、冻干得到EDTA-ZGC PLNPs。
(3)通过配位作用将Ln3+螯合到EDTA-ZGC PLNPs上,具体步骤为:将50mg EDTA-ZGCPLNPs分散到10mL去离子水中,滴加100mL 500mM TbCl3·6H2O水溶液,用氢氧化钠溶液将pH调至7,40℃搅拌24h。所得产物离心、水洗、冻干得到Tb3+:EDTA-ZGC PLNPs。
图1是实施例1中ZSCE PLNPs的TEM图像;从图1中可以看出PLNPs在生物成像可用粒径范围内。
图2是实施例1中Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的TEM图像;从图2中可以看出,将螯合剂修饰在PLNPs表面且Ln3+鳌合后,不会对材料的粒径产生很大影响,故该本发明方法是一种有效的基本不改变粒径而提升发光效果的方法。
图3是实施例1中ZSCE PLNPs和Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的重复激发余辉衰减曲线;从图3中可以看出,最终得到的长余辉纳米复合材料的发光性能有了很大提升,且多次重复激发后,这种增强不会衰减。表明这种方法具有很好的光稳定性,不易光漂白。
图4是实施例1中ZSCE PLNPs和Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的组织穿透性能图,具体测试过程为:将ZSCE PLNPs和Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs分别用405nm的光照射10min,停止照射后分别不盖、盖0.5/1/1.5/2cm厚的猪肉,用活体成像系统收集材料的发光信号。从图4中可以看出,提升长余辉纳米复合材料的光强后,在同等剂量的条件下,可以穿透更深的组织,表明此方法制备的材料具有用作体内深层组织成像剂的潜力。
图5是实施例1中Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的小鼠瘤周注射成像图,具体测试过程为:在小鼠的乳腺脂肪垫注射4T1乳腺癌细胞,1周后得到肿瘤体积约为100mm3的荷瘤小鼠,将150μL Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs的生理盐水悬液(2mg/mL)注射到小鼠瘤周,用405nm的光照射5min,立即用活体成像系统收集材料的发光信号。从图5可以看出,长余辉纳米复合材料具有明亮的发光,与周围组织有明显区分,具有很好的体内成像效果。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了示例性的说明。但是,本发明的保护范围不拘囿于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,本领域技术人员所作出的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (18)
1.一种长余辉纳米复合材料,其特征在于,所述材料为Lnm+:螯合剂接枝在长余辉纳米颗粒PLNPs上;m为2、3或4;
所述螯合剂选自直链或支链配体及其衍生物、大环配体及其衍生物的至少一种;
所述长余辉纳米复合材料是硅酸盐基PLNPs、铝酸盐基PLNPs、磷酸盐基PLNPs、锗酸盐基PLNPs、镓酸盐基PLNPs、锡酸盐基PLNPs中的至少一种;
所述Lnm+选自La3+、Ce3+、Pr3+、Nd3+、Pm3+、Sm3+、Eu3+、Gd3+、Tb3+、Dy3+、Ho3+、Er3+、Tm3+、Yb3+、Lu3+、Eu2+、Tm2+、Yb2+、Sm2+、Ce4+、Pr4+、Tb4+、Dy4+或Nd4+。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述螯合剂选自二亚乙基三胺五乙酸DTPA、乙二胺四乙酸EDTA、1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四羧酸DOTA、1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三乙酸DO3A中的至少一种;
所述长余辉纳米复合材料选自ZGC PLNPs、ZSCE PLNPs、ZGM PLNPs中的至少一种;所述ZGC为ZnGa2O4:Cr3+;所述ZSCE为Zn2SnO4:Cr3+,Eu3+;所述ZGM为Zn2GeO4:Mn2+。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述Lnm+选自Eu3+、Tb3+、Sm3+、Dy3+中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述PLNPs的粒径为20-800nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述螯合剂接枝在PLNPs上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,Lnm+通过与螯合剂的配位作用固定在PLNPs表面。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述螯合剂与PLNPs的摩尔质量比为0.2-40μmol/1mg;
所述Lnm+与螯合剂的摩尔比为0.01-5:1。
8.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述长余辉纳米复合材料为Eu3+:DOTA-ZSCE PLNPs、Eu3+:DTPA-ZSCE PLNPs、Tb3+:DO3A-ZGC PLNPs或Tb3+:EDTA-ZGC PLNPs。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法的制备步骤如下:
(1)制备PLNPs;
(2)将PLNPs进行修饰,得到功能化的PLNPs;
(3)将螯合剂溶液、催化剂和功能化的PLNPs混合,得到中间产物;
(4)将中间产物与含Lnm+的化合物溶液混合,使pH为6-8反应,得到所述长余辉纳米复合材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述催化剂为酰化催化剂和缩合活化剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述催化剂为1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐EDCI和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺NHS的混合物。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,螯合剂:缩合催化剂:酰化催化剂的摩尔比为1:(1-10):(1-10)。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,螯合剂与EDCI和NHS的摩尔比为1:(1-5):(1-10)。
14.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,螯合剂与功能化的PLNPs的摩尔质量比为0.2-40μmol/1mg。
15.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)具体为:先将螯合剂溶液与催化剂第一次混合,使pH为4-6,活化螯合剂,再与功能化的PLNPs悬液第二次混合,以使pH为7-9,反应得到中间产物;第一次混合的时间为0.5-4h,第二次混合的时间为6-72h。
16.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述含Lnm+的化合物为EuCl3·6H2O、TbCl3·6H2O、SmCl3·6H2O、DyCl3·6H2O中的至少一种。
17.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述含Lnm+的化合物与螯合剂的摩尔比为0.01-5:1;
步骤(4)中,反应的温度为20-100℃;反应的时间为6-72h。
18.权利要求1-8任一项所述的复合材料作为光学成像剂的应用。
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