CN116551140A - Vacuum electron beam welding process for thick plate high-temperature alloy material - Google Patents
Vacuum electron beam welding process for thick plate high-temperature alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 33
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- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 thiodipropionate diester Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum electron beam welding process of a thick plate high-temperature alloy material, which comprises the following steps of: s1, spot welding; s2, performing primary vacuum electron beam welding; s3, performing vacuum electron beam welding for the second time; s4, third vacuum electron beam welding; before vacuum electron beam welding is carried out in a vacuum furnace, the welding process is fixed by spot welding, so that offset dislocation cannot be generated in the clamping and fixing process, and in order to eliminate or reduce deformation, three times of vacuum electron beam welding are carried out: welding with the depth of 4.5-5.5 mm is performed for the first time, after small welding stress is generated, the second time of turning is performed for welding, and the generated welding stress is counteracted with the second time of welding stress, so that deformation is reduced; and turning over again for the third time, and ensuring the effective depth of welding so as to thoroughly weld the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a vacuum electron beam welding process for a thick plate high-temperature alloy material.
Background
The welding process is a bonding mode in which the two welding objects are mutually diffused on an atomic level so as to form metallurgical bonding, and is mainly realized by heating, pressurizing or both. Welding is one of the connection modes of the prior large-sized high-temperature alloy pressure-bearing piece and the connecting piece, and according to the performance requirement, the applicable welding mode is selected, and the proper welding technological parameters and heat treatment before and after welding can enable the welding performance to meet the product performance requirement. At present, few reports are provided for welding thick-size high-temperature alloy materials, so that the welding process parameters and welding performance of the thick-size high-temperature alloy materials are researched, and references are provided for the research of welding of the high-temperature alloy materials.
At present, the high-temperature alloy is easy to separate out a strengthening phase in a joint fusion zone due to high alloy element content and easy to generate welding stress, so that deformation, warping and welding cracks are easy to occur, and the welding performance of the high-temperature alloy thick plate is low.
Therefore, the invention designs a vacuum electron beam welding process for thick plate superalloy materials to improve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a vacuum electron beam welding process for a thick plate high-temperature alloy material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a vacuum electron beam welding process for a thick plate high-temperature alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1, spot welding:
after solution treatment, degreasing and cleaning the welding surfaces of the two equal-thickness plates before welding, and fixing the butt joint joints of the two equal-thickness plates through spot welding to obtain a spot welding plate;
s2, primary vacuum electron beam welding:
placing the spot welding plate into a vacuum chamber, and performing primary vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the primary vacuum electron beam welding is used for obtaining a welding line with the depth of 4.5-5.5 mm;
s3, performing vacuum electron beam welding for the second time:
putting the plate obtained in the step S2 into the vacuum chamber again and turning over, and performing secondary vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the depth of the secondary vacuum electron beam welding is 2/3 of the thickness of the plate;
s4, third vacuum electron beam welding:
putting the plate obtained in the step S3 into the vacuum chamber again and turning over, and performing third vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the third vacuum electron beam welding depth is 2/3 of the thickness of the plate; carrying out stress relief treatment after the third vacuum electron beam welding is finished, and obtaining a thick plate after the welding is finished;
the parameters of the first vacuum electron beam welding, the second vacuum electron beam welding and the third vacuum electron beam welding are as follows: collecting current 2200-230mA, welding beam current 100-150 mA, welding speed 600-1000 mm/min, welding voltage 120-180 KV and vacuum degree<5×10 -3 mbar；
And after each welding, injecting air into the vacuum chamber until the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is consistent with the external atmospheric pressure, and cooling to 55-65 ℃ to prepare for opening the vacuum chamber.
Further, in the step S1, the temperature of the solution treatment is 1080-1160 ℃, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min, and the heat preservation is carried out for 1.5-3 hours.
Description: the plasticity and toughness of steel and alloy are improved by solution treatment, so that various phases in alloy are fully dissolved, solid solution is strengthened, toughness and corrosion resistance are improved, and stress and softening are eliminated, so that the alloy can be continuously processed or formed.
In step S1, the thickness of the two equal-thickness plates is 30-45 mm.
Description: the invention selects the plate with the thickness, and designs the welding process according to the thickness to obtain the welded thick-size plate with excellent performance.
Further, the butt joint interface is not beveled in the spot welding in the step S1, the first vacuum electron beam welding in the step S2, the second vacuum electron beam welding in the step S3 and the third vacuum electron beam welding in the step S4, and the gap between the butt joint interface and the butt joint interface is not less than 0 and not more than 0.1mm.
Description: limiting the gap of the butt joint interface and reducing the lap joint length of the weldment.
Further, in step S1, the parameters of the spot welding are: the voltage is 215-225V, the current is 180-190A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.1-1.3 mm.
Description: the plates are fixed through spot welding, so that the plates are prevented from being offset and misplaced in the clamping and fixing process.
Further, in step S4, the method for stress relief treatment is as follows: and heating the plate subjected to the third vacuum electron beam welding to 1080-1160 ℃ at the speed of 3-5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 2-4 hours.
Description: by the stress relief treatment, a structure close to the equilibrium state can be obtained, and the processing deformation generated during welding can be reduced.
Further, before each vacuum electron beam welding, the surface of the welded plate is brushed with an anti-spattering agent, and microwave treatment is applied to the vacuum electron beam welding, and the operation steps are as follows:
the brushing thickness of the anti-splashing agent before the first vacuum electron beam welding is 0.05-0.08 mm, the brushing thickness of the anti-splashing agent before the second vacuum electron beam welding is 70-80% of the brushing thickness of the anti-splashing agent before the third vacuum electron beam welding is 40-50% of the brushing thickness of the anti-splashing agent before the third vacuum electron beam welding;
the thickness of the anti-splashing agent is reduced by 5-10%, the microwave frequency is increased by 3-5 Hz, and the initial frequency of microwave treatment is 50-60 Hz;
the microwave time of each vacuum electron beam welding is 60-70% of the time of each vacuum electron beam welding.
Description: the anti-splashing agent is brushed for several times, so that adhesion between welding splashes and metal can be effectively prevented; the appearance quality of the weldment can be improved, the smoothness of the weldment can be kept, the defects of weld scars, slag pits, false welding, missing welding and the like are reduced, and the welding quality is improved; the brushing thickness is changed according to different welding conditions, so that the protective effect of the anti-splashing agent is improved; and the beam oscillation amplitude can be reduced by applying microwave treatment to assist welding in welding.
Further, the anti-splashing agent comprises, by mass, 20-30% of PC-polycarbonate, 15-18% of alkyl polyether, 10-12% of thiodipropionate diester, 1-2% of allyl polyoxyethylene ether and the balance of thermoplastic acrylic resin.
Description: the anti-splashing agent has an outstanding anti-sticking and slag removal effect, and can effectively prevent welding splashes from adhering to metal; and the appearance quality of the weldment can be improved, the smoothness of the weldment can be maintained, the defects of weld scars, slag pits, false welding, missing welding and the like are reduced, and the welding quality is improved.
Further, the sheet material is pretreated before each vacuum electron beam welding:
carrying out first scanning preheating on the welding line in an electron beam defocusing mode, carrying out laser cleaning for 4-6 s after the first scanning preheating is finished, and carrying out second scanning preheating after the laser cleaning is finished;
the cleaning speed of the laser cleaning is 30-35 mm/s, the laser repetition frequency is 110-115 kHz, and the cleaning width is 5-10 mm;
the preheating parameters of the first scanning preheating are as follows: acceleration voltage is 100-110 kV, focusing current is 650-750 mA, scanning speed is 6-8 mm/s, and electron beam current is 3-5 mA; the preheating parameters of the second scanning preheating are improved by 50-55% compared with those of the first scanning preheating.
Description: the pre-welding temperature of the plate is improved through the first scanning preheating, the temperature gradient and the stress in the welding line heating process are reduced, and the generation of cracks in the welding process is restrained; and then carrying out laser cleaning at high temperature after the first scanning preheating is finished, removing inclusion defects generated by spot welding and subsequent repeated welding, drying and heating the low-temperature plate subjected to laser cleaning through the second scanning preheating, and improving the parameters of the second scanning preheating to compensate the preheating temperature difference of the first scanning preheating.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the vacuum electron beam welding process for the thick plate high-temperature alloy, before the thick plate high-temperature alloy is put into a vacuum furnace, the thick plate high-temperature alloy is fixed through spot welding, so that offset dislocation cannot be generated in the clamping and fixing process, in order to eliminate or reduce deformation, 3 times of vacuum electron beam welding is carried out, 2 times of shallow depth welding is carried out, after small welding stress is generated, 3 times of turning-over and welding are carried out, and the generated welding stress is counteracted with the 2 times of welding stress, so that deformation is reduced; turning over again for the 4 th time, and ensuring effective depth penetration of welding;
(2) After the high-temperature alloy is welded by the thick plate high-temperature alloy vacuum electron beam welding process, the room-temperature tensile property of the high-temperature alloy can reach 1052MPa, the property reaches 95% of the property of a base material, the welding property of the high-temperature 727 ℃ reaches 832MPa, and the KU2 impact property reaches 72.8J; the welding performance can reach the performance required by the product, and the method has the advantages of simple process, excellent performance after welding and no crack, and provides reference basis and method for welding research and application of thick-size superalloy materials.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments to better embody the advantages of the invention.
Example 1: a vacuum electron beam welding process for a thick plate high-temperature alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1, spot welding:
degreasing and cleaning the welding surfaces of two equal-thickness plates before welding after solution treatment, wherein the plates are GH4099, and then fixing the butt joint joints of the two equal-thickness plates through spot welding, and the thickness of the two equal-thickness plates is 38mm to obtain a spot welding plate;
the temperature of the solution treatment is 1120 ℃, the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours;
the parameters of the spot welding are as follows: the voltage is 220V, the current is 185A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm;
s2, primary vacuum electron beam welding:
placing the spot welding plate into a vacuum chamber, and performing primary vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the primary vacuum electron beam welding is used for obtaining a welding line with the depth of 5.0 mm;
s3, performing vacuum electron beam welding for the second time:
putting the plate obtained in the step S2 into the vacuum chamber again and turning over, and performing secondary vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the depth of the secondary vacuum electron beam welding is 2/3 of the thickness of the plate;
s4, third vacuum electron beam welding:
putting the plate obtained in the step S3 into the vacuum chamber again and turning over, and performing third vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the third vacuum electron beam welding depth is 2/3 of the thickness of the plate;
and carrying out stress relief treatment after the third vacuum electron beam welding is finished, wherein the stress relief treatment method comprises the following steps: heating the plate welded by the third vacuum electron beam to 1120 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 hours to obtain a thick plate welded;
the parameters of the first vacuum electron beam welding, the second vacuum electron beam welding and the third vacuum electron beam welding are as follows: the concentrated current is 2250mA, the welding beam current is 125mA, the welding speed is 800mm/min, the welding voltage is 150KV, and the vacuum degree is 4 multiplied by 10 -3 mbar；
The butt joint interface is not beveled in the spot welding in the step S1, the first vacuum electron beam welding in the step S2, the second vacuum electron beam welding in the step S3 and the third vacuum electron beam welding in the step S4, and the gap of the butt joint interface is 0.05mm;
and after each weld is completed, air is injected into the vacuum chamber until the pressure in the vacuum chamber is consistent with the external atmosphere and cooled to 60 ℃ in preparation for opening the vacuum chamber.
Example 2: the difference between this example and example 1 is that in step S1, the solution treatment temperature is 1080 ℃, the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, and the heat preservation is performed for 1.5 hours.
Example 3: the difference between this example and example 1 is that in step S1, the temperature of the solution treatment is 1160℃and the temperature raising rate is 5℃per minute, and the heat is preserved for 3 hours.
Example 4: this example differs from example 1 in that the thickness of the two equal thickness plates is 30mm.
Example 5: this example differs from example 1 in that the thickness of the two equal thickness plates is 45mm.
Example 6: this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the interface gap is 0.
Example 7: this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the interface gap is 0.1mm.
Example 8: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the parameters of the spot welding are: the voltage is 215V, the current is 180A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.1mm.
Example 9: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the parameters of the spot welding are: voltage 225V, current 190A, wire diameter 1.3mm.
Example 10: this example differs from example 1 in that in step S2, the first vacuum electron beam welding results in a weld of depth 4.5 mm.
Example 11: this example differs from example 1 in that in step S2, the first vacuum electron beam welding results in a weld of depth 5.5 mm.
Example 12: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the parameters of the first vacuum electron beam welding, the second vacuum electron beam welding, and the third vacuum electron beam welding are: the collecting current is 2200mA, the welding beam current is 100mA, the welding speed is 600mm/min, and the welding voltage is 120KV.
Example 13: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the parameters of the first vacuum electron beam welding, the second vacuum electron beam welding, and the third vacuum electron beam welding are: the collected current is 2300mA, the welding beam current is 150mA, the welding speed is 1000mm/min, and the welding voltage is 180KV.
Example 14: this example differs from example 1 in that after each weld is completed, air is injected into the vacuum chamber until the pressure in the vacuum chamber coincides with the external atmosphere and cooled to 55 ℃ in preparation for opening the vacuum chamber.
Example 15: this example differs from example 1 in that after each weld is completed, air is injected into the vacuum chamber until the pressure in the vacuum chamber coincides with the external atmosphere and cooled to 65 ℃ in preparation for opening the vacuum chamber.
Example 16: the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the method of the stress relief treatment is: and heating the plate subjected to the third vacuum electron beam welding to 1080 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 2 hours.
Example 17: the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the method of the stress relief treatment is: and heating the plate subjected to the third vacuum electron beam welding to 1160 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 4 hours.
Example 18: this example differs from example 1 in that, before each vacuum electron beam welding, the weld plate surface was brushed with an anti-spattering agent and a microwave treatment was applied in the vacuum electron beam welding, the operation steps being as follows:
the brushing thickness of the anti-splashing agent before the first vacuum electron beam welding is 0.06mm, the brushing thickness of the anti-splashing agent before the second vacuum electron beam welding is 75% of the brushing thickness of the first vacuum electron beam welding, and the brushing thickness of the anti-splashing agent before the third vacuum electron beam welding is 45% of the brushing thickness of the first vacuum electron beam welding;
every 8% of the thickness of the anti-splashing agent is reduced, the microwave frequency is increased by 4Hz, and the initial frequency of microwave treatment is 55Hz;
the microwave time of each vacuum electron beam welding is 65% of the vacuum electron beam welding time;
the anti-splashing agent comprises, by mass, 25% of PC-polycarbonate, 17% of alkyl polyether, 11% of thiodipropionate diester, 1.5% of allyl polyoxyethylene ether and the balance of thermoplastic acrylic resin.
Example 19: this example differs from example 18 in that the thickness of the anti-spatter agent applied before the first vacuum electron beam welding was 0.05mm, the thickness of the anti-spatter agent applied before the second vacuum electron beam welding was 70% of the first, and the thickness of the anti-spatter agent applied before the third vacuum electron beam welding was 40% of the first.
Example 20: this example differs from example 18 in that the thickness of the anti-spatter agent applied before the first vacuum electron beam welding was 0.05mm, the thickness of the anti-spatter agent applied before the second vacuum electron beam welding was 80% of the first time, and the thickness of the anti-spatter agent applied before the third vacuum electron beam welding was 50% of the first time.
Example 21: this example differs from example 18 in that for every 5% reduction in the thickness of the anti-splatter agent, the microwave frequency is increased by 3Hz and the initial frequency of the microwave treatment is 50Hz.
Example 22: this example differs from example 18 in that for every 10% reduction in the thickness of the anti-splatter agent, the microwave frequency is increased by 5Hz and the initial frequency of the microwave treatment is 60Hz.
Example 23: this embodiment differs from embodiment 18 in that the microwave time for each vacuum electron beam welding is 60% of the time for each vacuum electron beam welding.
Example 24: this embodiment differs from embodiment 18 in that the microwave time for each vacuum electron beam welding is 70% of the time for each vacuum electron beam welding.
Example 25: this example differs from example 18 in that the anti-splash agent comprises, by mass, 20% of PC-polycarbonate, 15% of an alkyl polyether, 10% of a thiodipropionate diester, 1% of an allyl polyoxyethylene ether, and the balance of a thermoplastic acrylic resin.
Example 26: this example differs from example 18 in that the anti-splash agent comprises, by mass, 30% of PC-polycarbonate, 18% of an alkyl polyether, 12% of a thiodipropionate diester, 2% of an allyl polyoxyethylene ether, and the balance of a thermoplastic acrylic resin.
Example 27: this example differs from example 1 in that the sheet is pre-treated before each vacuum electron beam welding:
carrying out first scanning preheating on the welding line in an electron beam defocusing mode, carrying out laser cleaning for 5s after the first scanning preheating is finished, and carrying out second scanning preheating after the laser cleaning is finished;
the cleaning speed of the laser cleaning is 32mm/s, the laser repetition frequency is 112kHz, and the cleaning width is 8mm;
the preheating parameters of the first scanning preheating are as follows: acceleration voltage 105kV, focusing current 700mA, scanning speed 7mm/s and electron beam current 4mA; the preheating parameters of the second scan preheating were increased by 52% compared to the first scan preheating.
Example 28: this example differs from example 27 in that laser cleaning was performed for 4s after the end of the first scanning preheating, the cleaning speed of the laser cleaning was 30mm/s, the laser repetition frequency was 110kHz, and the cleaning width was 5mm.
Example 29: this example differs from example 27 in that laser cleaning was performed for 6s after the end of the first scanning preheating, the cleaning speed of the laser cleaning was 35mm/s, the laser repetition frequency was 115kHz, and the cleaning width was 10mm.
Example 30: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 27 in that the preheating parameters of the first scanning preheating are: acceleration voltage 100kV, focusing current 650mA, scanning speed 6mm/s and electron beam current 3mA.
Example 31: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 27 in that the preheating parameters of the first scanning preheating are: the accelerating voltage is 110kV, the focusing current is 750mA, the scanning speed is 8mm/s, and the electron beam current is 5mA.
Example 32: this example differs from example 27 in that the individual preheat parameters of the second scan preheat are increased by 50% compared to the first scan preheat.
Example 33: this example differs from example 27 in that the individual preheat parameters of the second scan preheat are increased by 55% over the first scan preheat.
Experimental example: nondestructive testing is carried out on the high-temperature alloy plates obtained by welding in each embodiment: the welding line is detected by X-ray, no out-of-standard defect is found, and the internal quality of the welding line meets the quality requirement of grade II welding line of GJB 1718A-2005 electron beam welding;
table 1 table of room temperature tensile properties of superalloy sheets of example 1
TABLE 2 high temperature (727 ℃) tensile Property Table of superalloy sheet
The samples 1-6 and LT 1-3 are welding plates obtained by welding under the method and parameters of the embodiment 1, and the results of the table 1 and the table 2 show that the high-temperature alloy plate obtained by welding by the welding method of the invention has the tensile property of 1052MPa at the welding room temperature, the performance of 95% of the performance of a base material, the welding performance of 832MPa at the high temperature of 727 ℃, the KU2 impact performance of 72.8J and excellent performance.
Then, 5 samples of each example were taken to test the performance of the superalloy sheet, and the performance measurement results of the 5 samples of each example were averaged to obtain the performance measurement results of the example, and specifically studied as follows:
1. the influence of the parameters of each step on the tensile strength sigma b (MPa) of the high-temperature alloy plate (727 ℃) in the welding process is explored.
TABLE 3 tensile Strength sigma b (MPa) at high temperature (727 ℃) of superalloy sheet in examples 1-17
As can be seen from the results of table 3, when the parameters of the solution treatment are too small or too large, the thickness of the equal-thickness plate is too thin or too thick, the gap between the butt joint interfaces is too small or too large, the spot welding parameters are too small or too large, the welding seam is too small or too large, the vacuum electron beam welding parameters are too small or too large, the cooling temperature is too low or too high, and the stress removing parameters are too small or too large, the high-temperature tensile strength of the superalloy plate is reduced; thus, the parametric effect of example 1 is relatively optimal for overall comparison.
2. The influence of the parameters of brushing of the anti-splash agent and microwave treatment on the tensile strength sigma b (MPa) of the high-temperature (727 ℃) high-temperature alloy plate is explored.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 18 in that the brushing thickness of the anti-spattering agent in the three times of vacuum electron beam welding was kept constant;
comparative example 2 differs from example 18 in that the microwave frequency was kept constant in the triple vacuum electron beam welding;
comparative example 3 is different from example 18 in that the anti-splash agent does not include allyl polyoxyethylene ether;
table 4 tensile Strength σb (MPa) at high temperature (727 ℃) of the superalloy sheet in examples 18-26 and comparative examples 1-3
From the results in table 4, it is understood that the improvement effect of examples 18 to 26 on the performance of the superalloy sheet material is reduced when the comparative example 1 lacks the change in the coating thickness of the anti-spattering agent, the comparative example 2 lacks the change in the microwave frequency, and the comparative example 3 lacks the allyl polyoxyethylene ether;
as can be seen from comparative examples 18-26, when the brush coating thickness of the anti-spattering agent is too thin or too thick, the variation of the microwave frequency interval is too small or too large, the microwave time is too short or too long, and the ratio of the allyl polyoxyethylene ether in the anti-spattering agent is too small or too large, the improvement effect of the anti-spattering agent on the performance of the superalloy sheet material compared with example 1 is reduced, so that the performance of the superalloy sheet material under the parameters of example 18 is better compared with the performance of the superalloy sheet material.
3. The influence of the parameters of the pretreatment on the tensile strength sigma b (MPa) of the superalloy sheet at high temperature (727 ℃) was investigated.
Comparative example 4 differs from example 27 in that the respective preheating parameters of the first scanning preheating are the same as those of the second scanning preheating;
table 5 tensile Strength σb (MPa) at high temperature (727 ℃) of superalloy sheet in examples 27-33 and comparative example 4
As can be seen from the results of table 5, both examples 27 to 33 and comparative example 4 improved the tensile strength of the superalloy sheet material at high temperature (727 ℃) compared to example 1, but comparative example 4 lacks the change of the two-pass preheating, and the effect of improving the tensile strength of the superalloy sheet material at high temperature (727 ℃) was significantly reduced compared to examples 27 to 33;
as can be seen from comparative examples 27 to 33, the effect of improving the tensile strength of the superalloy sheet at high temperature (727 ℃) is relatively better in comparison with example 27, in which the laser cleaning time is too short or too long, the laser cleaning parameters are too small or too large, the preheating parameters of the first scanning preheating are too small or too large, and the preheating parameters of the second scanning preheating are raised too little or too large.
Claims (6)
1. The vacuum electron beam welding process for the thick plate high-temperature alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, spot welding:
after solution treatment, degreasing and cleaning the welding surfaces of the two equal-thickness plates before welding, and fixing the butt joint joints of the two equal-thickness plates through spot welding to obtain a spot welding plate;
s2, primary vacuum electron beam welding:
placing the spot welding plate into a vacuum chamber, and performing primary vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the primary vacuum electron beam welding is used for obtaining a welding line with the depth of 4.5-5.5 mm;
s3, performing vacuum electron beam welding for the second time:
putting the plate obtained in the step S2 into the vacuum chamber again and turning over, and performing secondary vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the depth of the secondary vacuum electron beam welding is 2/3 of the thickness of the plate;
s4, third vacuum electron beam welding:
putting the plate obtained in the step S3 into the vacuum chamber again and turning over, and performing third vacuum electron beam welding, wherein the third vacuum electron beam welding depth is 2/3 of the thickness of the plate; carrying out stress relief treatment after the third vacuum electron beam welding is finished, and obtaining a thick plate after the welding is finished;
the parameters of the first vacuum electron beam welding, the second vacuum electron beam welding and the third vacuum electron beam welding are as follows: collecting current 2200-230mA, welding beam current 100-150 mA, welding speed 600-1000 mm/min, welding voltage 120-180 KV and vacuum degree<5×10 -3 mbar；
And after each welding, injecting air into the vacuum chamber until the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is consistent with the external atmospheric pressure, and cooling to 55-65 ℃ to prepare for opening the vacuum chamber.
2. The vacuum electron beam welding process for thick plate high-temperature alloy materials according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the temperature of the solution treatment is 1080-1160 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 3-5 ℃/min, and the heat preservation is carried out for 1.5-3 h.
3. The vacuum electron beam welding process for thick plate high-temperature alloy materials according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the thickness of the two equal-thickness plates is 30-45 mm.
4. The vacuum electron beam welding process of the thick plate superalloy material according to claim 1, wherein the butt joint interface is not beveled when spot welding in the step S1, first vacuum electron beam welding in the step S2, second vacuum electron beam welding in the step S3 and third vacuum electron beam welding in the step S4, and the gap between the butt joint interfaces is not more than 0 and not more than 0.1mm.
5. The vacuum electron beam welding process for thick plate superalloy materials according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the parameters of the spot welding are: the voltage is 215-225V, the current is 180-190A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.1-1.3 mm.
6. The vacuum electron beam welding process for thick plate high temperature alloy materials according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the method of stress relief treatment is as follows: and heating the plate subjected to the third vacuum electron beam welding to 1080-1160 ℃ at the speed of 3-5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 2-4 hours.
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