CN116550750A - 汽车悬架用弹簧钢线材的生产方法 - Google Patents
汽车悬架用弹簧钢线材的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
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- B21B1/18—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section in a continuous process
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
高强度汽车悬架用弹簧钢线材的生产方法,包括连铸坯尺寸、钢坯加热、初轧、钢坯扒皮、控轧控冷。弹簧钢线材的化学成分重量百分含量为C=0.51%~0.59%,Si=1.30%~1.60%,Mn=0.50%~0.80%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.015%,Cr=0.50%~0.80%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素;连铸坯断面尺寸为280mm×280mm,连铸坯经高温加热后初轧为150mm×150mm断面的轧制坯。控制精轧和减定径轧制温度、吐丝温度以及吐丝后的冷却速度,最终形成以索氏体、珠光体、铁素体为热轧组织的盘条,盘条无全脱碳层,部分脱碳层深度≤0.6%D。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于弹簧钢线材生产技术领域,涉及一种消除汽车悬架用高强弹簧线材55SiCr表面全脱碳的生产方法。
背景技术
汽车悬架用弹簧因其服役条件对疲劳寿命有较高要求,表面脱碳对弹簧疲劳寿命影响明显。研究表明,弹簧表面存在脱碳层时,弹簧疲劳寿命会明显降低,如果存在全脱碳层,疲劳寿命会降低50%。当弹簧钢线材表面存在全脱碳时,后续加工成弹簧的过程中无法消除,会一直遗传到成品弹簧,导致弹簧疲劳寿命无法满足使用要求。因此弹簧钢线材表面无全脱碳层是一个很重要的技术问题。
近年来关于汽车悬架用弹簧钢55SiCr的脱碳研究有很多,主要探索方向为控制加热工艺和钢坯涂层保护加热两种。中国专利CN 102560046 A公开了一种弹簧钢线材表面脱碳的控制方法,主要通过控制加热温度、空燃比、在炉时间、吐丝温度、吐丝后冷却速度来减少坯料加热过程中脱碳层深度和防止冷却过程中发生铁素体脱碳。中国专利CN 111530925A 公开了一种高强度汽车弹簧钢盘条的轧制方法,主要通过控制加热温度、加热时间、加热炉残氧量、控轧控冷获得的盘条为铁素体+珠光体+索氏体组织,表面无全脱碳。
以上现有技术通过控制加热工艺和控轧控冷工艺,在生产实践中一定程度上能避免全脱碳,但是对残氧量和空燃比要求较低,导致煤气燃烧不充分,对煤气浪费大,不利于节约能源,而且残氧量低,钢坯氧化铁皮很容易在炉内步进梁表面结瘤,损伤钢坯表面。如何进一步优化加热工艺,控制残氧量和炉内脱碳层深度,消除盘条表面脱碳层,具有重要研究意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种消除高强弹簧线材特别是55SiCr表面全脱碳的生产方法,通过钢坯扒皮、优化加热工艺、控轧控冷,消除表面全脱碳。
汽车悬架用弹簧钢线材的生产方法,弹簧钢线材的化学成分重量百分含量为C=0.51%~0.59%,Si=1.30%~1.60%,Mn=0.50%~0.80%,P ≤0.015%,S≤0.015%,Cr=0.50%~0.80%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素;工艺步骤包括:
1)轧制坯:初轧预热段温度≤850℃,加热段温度1120~1220℃,均热段温度1180~1240℃,加热时间240~300min,出炉温度1090~1150℃;
2)钢坯扒皮:对初轧后的钢坯扒皮处理,清除钢坯表面的脱碳层和缺陷,先用16目砂轮粗打磨,打磨深度>0.5mm,再用20目砂轮精打磨,打磨深度>0.2mm;
3)钢坯加热:钢坯输送到步进式加热炉内加热,预热段加热温度≤800℃,加热段温度850~1050℃,均热段温度850~1000℃,加热时间90~150min,残氧量4%~8%,空燃比1.5~2.5,出炉温度880~970℃;
4)控轧:钢坯出炉后轧制过程为:高压水除磷压力≥20MPa-12架粗中轧-4架预精轧-水箱水冷-恢复段导槽-精轧-恢复段导槽-减定径-水箱水冷-吐丝成圈,进精轧温度900~1000℃,进减定径温度800~950℃,吐丝温度800~900℃;
5)控冷:吐丝后以4~7℃/s的冷却速度快速冷到650~730℃后进保温罩缓冷,在保温罩内的冷却速度为0.8~3℃/s,得到以索氏体、珠光体、铁素体为热轧组织的盘条,盘条无全脱碳层,部分脱碳层深度≤0.6%D。
优选的方案,步骤1)的轧制坯:连铸坯断面尺寸为280mm×280mm,连铸坯经高温加热后初轧为150mm×150mm断面的轧制坯。
发明的有益效果:本发明通过控制精轧和减定径轧制温度、吐丝温度以及吐丝后的冷却速度,最终形成以索氏体、珠光体、铁素体为热轧组织的盘条,盘条无全脱碳层,部分脱碳层深度≤0.6%D。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中Φ11mm规格盘条脱碳层金相图片。
图2为实施例2中Φ17mm规格盘条脱碳层金相图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和对比例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
工艺路线为:280mm×280mm断面连铸坯→初轧为150mm×150mm断面轧制坯→钢坯堆冷→钢坯扒皮→钢坯加热→控轧控冷→盘条。初轧的加热工艺为预热段温度930~940℃,加热段温度1150~1200℃,均热段温度1180~1200℃。对轧制坯扒皮处理,用不同目数的砂轮对钢坯表面打磨处理,先用16目的砂轮打磨,再用20目的砂轮精打磨。详细工艺为:
1)为了满足高强弹簧的性能,控制钢坯偏析,选择的连铸坯的断面尺寸为280mm×280mm,初轧时对连铸坯进行高温加热,让元素充分扩散,减少偏析程度,预热段温度≤850℃,加热段温度1120~1220℃,均热段温度1180~1240℃,加热时间240~300min,出炉温度1090~1150℃,轧制成150mm×150mm断面轧制坯。
2)对轧制后的钢坯扒皮处理,清除钢坯表面的脱碳层和其他缺陷。先用16目砂轮粗打磨扒皮,扒皮深度>0.5mm,再用20目砂轮精打磨,打磨深度>0.2mm。
3)步进式加热炉内将扒皮后的轧制坯进行加热,预热段加热温度≤800℃,加热段温度850~1050℃,均热段温度850~1000℃,加热时间90~150min,残氧量4%~8%,空燃比1.5~2.5。出炉温度880~970℃。由于设备的轧制能力限制和弹簧钢表面质量的要求,轧制温度一般在奥氏体区,钢坯加热到奥氏体区时,完全脱碳层的形成无法避免,完全脱碳层的形成温度区间为两相区。通过控制加热工艺来控制脱碳层的原理是控制脱碳层的深度,温度越低,加热时间越短,则脱碳层深度越浅,经过后续的轧制变形延展和高温氧化消耗,最终消除完全脱碳层。
4)钢坯出炉后高压水除磷压力≥20MPa—12架粗中轧—4架预精轧—水箱水冷—恢复段导槽—精轧—恢复段导槽—减定径—水箱水冷—吐丝成圈—冷却。红钢在轧制过程中,由于变形延伸,表面脱碳层逐渐变薄,此外先生成的氧化铁皮在轧制过程中脱落,钢基体失去保护又重新氧化,如此循环,使得钢在加热炉中产生的完全脱碳层逐渐被氧化掉,最终在盘条表面不存在完全脱碳层。进精轧温度范围900~1000℃,进减定径温度范围800~950℃,吐丝温度范围800~900℃,轧制过程速度块,时间短,主要以氧化反应生成氧化铁皮为主为主,脱碳反应基本忽略不计。
5)吐丝后以4~7℃/s的冷却速度快速冷到650~730℃后进保温罩缓冷,在保温罩内的冷却速度为0.8~3℃/s。脱碳反应发生的温度区间主要在A1温度以上,所述弹簧钢的A1温度约为750℃,所以当吐丝后的盘条在750℃以下进入保温罩缓冷时不会发生脱碳反应,因此也不会生产完全脱碳层。再者在缓冷过程中会生产氧化铁皮,进一步消耗脱碳层,使脱碳层深度变浅。
实施例1
Φ11mm规格轧制工艺:
1)轧制坯:280mm×280mm断面连铸坯轧制为150mm×150mm断面轧制坯;
2)钢坯扒皮:对初轧后的钢坯扒皮处理,先用16目砂轮粗打磨扒皮,扒皮深度1mm,再用20目砂轮精打磨,打磨深度0.5mm;
3)钢坯加热:扒皮后的钢坯输送到步进式加热炉内加热,加热工艺为预热段温度660~720℃,加热段温度950~980℃,均热段温度890~920℃,出炉温度900~920℃,加热时间120~123min,残氧量4%,空燃比1.7;
4)控轧:高压水除磷压力25MPa,进精轧温度980~1000℃,进减定径温度880~900℃,吐丝温度890~900℃;
5)控冷:进保温罩温度720~730℃,冷却速度5℃/s。出保温罩温度540~560℃,冷却速度1℃/s。
实施例2
Φ17mm规格轧制工艺:
1)轧制坯:280mm×280mm断面连铸坯轧制为150mm×150mm断面轧制坯;
2)钢坯扒皮:对初轧后的钢坯扒皮处理,先用16目砂轮粗打磨扒皮,扒皮深度1mm,再用20目砂轮精打磨,打磨深度0.5mm;
3)钢坯加热:扒皮后的钢坯输送到步进式加热炉内加热,加热工艺为预热段温度670~750℃,加热段温度980~1000℃,均热段温度900~930℃,
炉温度890~920℃,加热时间100~110min,残氧量4.7%,空燃比2;
4)控轧:高压水除磷压力25MPa,进精轧温度950~960℃,进减定径温度820~840℃,吐丝温度830~840℃;
5)控冷:进保温罩温度680~700℃,冷却速度5℃/s。出保温罩温度500~530℃,冷却速度2℃/s。
实施例1、实施例2对应的脱碳层、力学性能和显微组织检测结果如表1所示。
表1 实施例对应的脱碳层、力学性能和显微组织检测结果
。
Claims (2)
1.高强度汽车悬架用弹簧钢线材的生产方法,其特征在于:弹簧钢线材的化学成分重量百分含量为C=0.51%~0.59%,Si=1.30%~1.60%,Mn=0.50%~0.80%,P ≤0.015%,S≤0.015%,Cr=0.50%~0.80%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素;工艺步骤包括:
1)轧制坯:初轧预热段温度≤850℃,加热段温度1120~1220℃,均热段温度1180~1240℃,加热时间240~300min,出炉温度1090~1150℃;
2)钢坯扒皮:对初轧后的钢坯扒皮处理,清除钢坯表面的脱碳层和缺陷,先用16目砂轮粗打磨,打磨深度>0.5mm,再用20目砂轮精打磨,打磨深度>0.2mm;
3)钢坯加热:钢坯输送到步进式加热炉内加热,预热段加热温度≤800℃,加热段温度850~1050℃,均热段温度850~1000℃,加热时间90~150min,残氧量4%~8%,空燃比1.5~2.5,出炉温度880~970℃;
4)控轧:钢坯出炉后轧制过程为:高压水除磷压力≥20MPa-12架粗中轧-4架预精轧-水箱水冷-恢复段导槽-精轧-恢复段导槽-减定径-水箱水冷-吐丝成圈,进精轧温度900~1000℃,进减定径温度800~950℃,吐丝温度800~900℃;
5)控冷:吐丝后以4~7℃/s的冷却速度快速冷到650~730℃后进保温罩缓冷,在保温罩内的冷却速度为0.8~3℃/s,得到以索氏体、珠光体、铁素体为热轧组织的盘条,盘条无全脱碳层,部分脱碳层深度≤0.6%D。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度汽车悬架用弹簧钢线材的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤1)的轧制坯:连铸坯断面尺寸为280mm×280mm,连铸坯经高温加热后初轧为150mm×150mm断面的轧制坯。
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